The Pepysian Gospel harmony, edited by Margery Goates ...

London, Pub. for the Early English Text Society by H. Milford, Oxford University Press, 1922.

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(Jrigiwal £Sttits, No. 157.
1922 (for 1919).

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EDITED BY

MARGERY GOATES

m.a. ST. Andrews; carnegie research scholar

'in N

LONDON:

PUBLISHED FOR THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY

BY HUMPHREY MILFORD, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

AMEN CORNER, E.G. 4.
1922.

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©tiginal levies, 157.

Printed in Great Britain' by Richard Clay & Sons, Limited,
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PREFACE

I wish to express my thanks to the Master and Fellows of
Magdalene College, Cambridge, for tlieir kindness in allowing me to
prepare the text for the press; to the late Pepys* Librarian, Mr.
Gaselee, and the Deputy Librarian, Mr. Vernon Jones, for giving me
unlimited facilities for consulting the manuscript ; to Miss M. A.
Whitelegge for allowing me to iise the transcript of the Harmony
made by her some years ago ; above all to Miss A. C. Paues, at whose
suggestion the work was undertaken, and without whose constant

in

help and encouragement it could never have been carried through.
My thanks are also due to the Staff of the Cambridge University

i-H

Library, especially to Mr. Rogers and Mr, Thomas ; to the Staff of
Edinburgh University Library, especially to Mr. Cuthbertson and
Mr. Ballantyne ; to the Head Mistress and Governors of the Man-
chester High School for granting me a half-term's leave of absence to
enable the work to be completed; to Sir Israel Gollancz for his
interest and advice, and to Miss Mabel Day and Miss Nora Kershaw
for their help and criticism while the text was going through the press.
Finally I would gratefully acknowledge the substantial financial
assistance which, as Carnegie Scholar, I received from the Carnegie
Trustees during the years 1915-1917. The Trustees have kindly
undertaken to continue tlieir generous help by contributing towards
the expenses involved in printing.

Margery Goates.
March 1932.

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CONTENTS

J>AOK

PREFACE ...... vii

INTRODUCTION ;

Contents and Description op MS. . . xi

Evidence of a French Source . . . xv

Language ...... xix

Relation to the Canonical Gospels . . xlv

TEXT 1

ANALYTICAL SUMMARY . . . .114

NOTES 123

VOCABULARY . . . . . .136

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . . . .146

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INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS AND DESCBIPTION.

This Middle English Harmony of the four Gospels is found on
pp. la-43a of MS. Pepys 2498 in the library of Magdalene College,
Cambridge. The MS. is erroneously catalogued1 and labelled as a
collection of Wycliffe's sermons. The real contents were first dis-
covered in 1902 by Miss A. C. Paues of Newnham College, Cambridge,
and made known by her in Vol. XXX of the Englische Studien,2 and
further in her A Fourteenth Century English Biblical Version? A
more detailed description of the volume was given in 1907 by W. H.
Hulme,4 and still more recently by J, Pahlsson.5

Contents.

The volume contains eight separate works :

1. pp. la-43a (No title). The Harmony of the Gospels now

printed for the first time.

2. pp. 45a-212b (No original title 6). a litel treti$ of diuinite

to turn man from romances and gestes, wherein he lese]>
mychel of his tyme pat so settep his hert /ram god, and to
give him instead ping pat is profitable hope to lyf 8f to
soule.

3. pp. 212b-226b (Title in red). Here bigynnen good techinges

of wise men wip pe ten hestes afterward. distindelich
expouned,

1 Cf. The Pepys Catalogue, Magdalene Coll. , Camb. This is in Pepys' own
handwriting.

2

4

- pp. 344-346. 3 Upsala diss. , Camb. 1902, pp. Ixv-lxix.

The Middle English Harrotving of Hell and Gospel of Nicodemus, E.E. T.8.,
Extra Ser. 100, pp. xxxiv-xxxvi.

6 The. Heclnse, A fourteenth-century version of The Ancren Riwle, Znnds
Universitets Arsskrift, Lund, 1911 and 1918. .Cf. Preface, pp. i-xi.

* But at the top of p. 45, in a sixteenth-century hand, is written : Mirror, or
glasse to Looke in;

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xii Introduction

4. pp. 226b-263b (Title in red).
\)apocalips on englissh '. makep hers gynnyng
After \>is synful lyf.' god gv&unt vs good wonyng 1

5. pp. 263b-370a (Title in red).

Of \e sautere on englisch '. here is j>e gynnynge,
Wfy be latyn Id/ore .' fy Gregories expounynge

Tliere are two other MSS. of this Psalter 2 : British Museum,
Addit. 17376, and Trinity College, Dublin, 69 (A. 4. 4.),
edited by Professor Biilbring. 3

6. pp. 371a-449u (No title). The Recluse.4

7. pp. 449a-459b (Title in red).

Of oure lefdy marie f bigynnep now here pe pleynt
])&t of pe passion of hir son sche telde with liert feynt.

8. pp. 459b-463b (No original title).5

The Gospel of Nicodemus.
This is the earliest of the nine known MSS. of the Middle
English prose versions of this Gospel.6

Description.

Judging from the writing, Dr. Montague James considers that the
MS. belongs to about the year 1400. This date also tallies with a
note 7 on p. 370 of the volume :

Tlie age of this book, by conferring with an other coppy,
was wretten when k henry the. If, had busines agayste the
toelshmen. An° jlffllf.
The MS. is a large folio on vellum, consisting of 232 leaves (fol. 22

1 For the relation of this version to the whole family of English Apocalypse
MSS., see Paues, A. C, op. cit., pp. xxiv-xxx.

2 For a comparison of the three versions, and extracts from a possible French
source, see Paues, A. C, op. cit-, pp. lvi-lxii.

8 Biilbring. K. D. , The Earliest Complete English Prose Psalter, together with

Eleven Canticles and a translation of the Athanasian Creed, edited from the only

two MSS. Part I. London, 1S91 {E.E.T.S. Orig. Ser., No. 97.) Cf. Paues,

A. C, op. cit., pp. lvi-lxii ; Hirst, T. O., The Phonology of the Earliest Complete

>, "g English Prose Psalter, Diss. Bonn, 1 907.

* Pahlsson, J., op. cit.

6 But in the same sixteenth-century hand above mentioned (p. xi, note 6) is
written : Nicodemus Gospell ; For the probable identity of the writer, cf. below,
note 7.

* Cf. Hnlme, W. H., op. cit., pp. xxxiv-lx.

7 Probably written by Stephen Batman, D.D., the well-known collector of
the Parker MSS. {f 1584). Cf. Paues, A. C, op. cit., p. lviii.

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Introdwtion xiii

is only a half sheet), with 2 paper flyleaves at the beginning and 2 at
the end. The volume is arranged in quires of 8 leaves each, as is
indicated by catchwords, which occur regularly on every sixteenth
page, except at the end of the third and the twenty-third quires,
which contain 14 and 11 leaves respectively. The MS. is numbered
by pages in a recent handwriting, and the first leaf of each quire also
bears its number (in pencil). The folio has recently been re-backed
and each page now measures 13|- x 9T9F inches. The MS. is written
in double columns of 54 lines in a bold and clear 1 hand which is the
same throughout. The ink varies from jet black to dark brown. In
the Harmony it is wholly brown, though elsewhere generally black.
But the titles, paragraph headings, Latin quotations, and, occasionally,
English words and phrases together with the original 2 marginal notes
are in red ink. In the Harmony the headings only are in red, and
these are indicated in the printed text by the use of a larger type.

The ornamentation of the MS. is simple. Each separate work
begins 3 with an ornamented capital, 4-12 MS.-lines deep,4 coloured
blue, or blue and red, and standing out in bold relief against a back-
ground of fine rod, or red and violet, pen-work ; while similar capitals,
though smaller B and less ornate, mark the subdivisions of each work.

The MS. is bound in brown leather. Its front cover is adorned
with one of Pepys' book-plates imprinted in gold, and showing by its
decoration and inscription the connection of Pepys with the Admiralty,
The decoration consists chiefly of two anchors entwined with ropes,
and the inscription is :

SAM. PEPYS
CAR. ET I AC
ANGL. REGIB.
A SECRETIS
ADMIRALI^E.8

On the back cover, similarly imprinted, is his armorial book-plate,
with the motto :

MENS CUJUSQUE IS EST QUISQUE

1 Except that e ; o, c ; t, and n : u, are often ambiguous.

8 For marginalia and other insertions not in the original handwriting, cf.
Pahlsson, op. cit., pp. viii-xi.

s Except the fourth (incij?. p. 226b), and the fifth (incip. p. 263b), whose
initial capitals are beautifully drawn, but not coloured.

4 The initial 0 of the Harmony occupies 12 MS.-lines.

* In the Harmony these smaller capitals are almost invariably 3 MS.-lines
deep, with the exception of p and /: p varies botween 4 and 13 MS.-lines,
and / between 5 and 9.

• Cf. Hardy, W. J., F.S.A., Book-plates, 2nd Ed. London, 1897, jj. 178.

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xiv Introduction

On the reverse side of the second flyleaf is pasted the "portrait"
hook -plate of Pepys l with the inscription and motto mentioned
ahove j while on the last page of the MS. — the lower half of the
second column — is pasted his " little " plate with the initials S. P.
decorated with ropes and anchors as before.2

In preparing the Harmony for publication, the manuscript readings
have been retained as far as possible. Such emendations as were
necessary have been enclosed in square brackets and the corresponding
manuscript form given in the foot-notes. Erasures and uncertain
letters have also been carefully noted. Expansions of manuscript
abbreviations appear, as usual, in italics. Owing to their ambiguity
the scribe's capital letters have had to be set aside ; also his arbitrary
punctuation.

1 Cf. Hardy, op. cit.,pp. 216-218. 2 Cf. Hardy, op. ciL, p. 8.

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EVIDENCE OF A FRENCH SOURCE.

I have not yet been able to discover the immediate source of tlio
Pepysian Harmony; but that it was French, and not Latin, is almost
if not absolutely proved by the striking evidence of vocabulary and
phraseology.

In the expression And bo Ugonnen hij []>]at helden Jesu forto
cracchen lujm (93.33-34), the word cracchen1 (OF. crachier, 'to spit')
is peculiarly interesting, since there is no other known example of its
use in English.2 Again, in the phrase to yuen her chateux in to be
temple (49.18-19), we have the only case on record in which the Anglo-
French legal term chateux, ' goods,' ' chattels,' is used non-technically.3

There are also certain curious verbal errors which are most likely
mistranslations of a French original. The most remarkable of these
is oriole, which occurs in the expression, And Jesus was ]>o a slepe
biltinde in be scliipp in an oriole (21.18-19). The corresponding
Vulgate is supra cervical dormiens (Mc. iv, 38), which the Later
Wycliffite Version* rightly renders 'sleeping on a pillow.' The word
oriole, which means ' porch ' or ' passage,' is apparently due to a
misreading of the Old French word for ' pillow,' which is oreille(e).6

A similar error occurs in the following : — And Jesus entred in to
on of be schippes, \at was Simondes faders. Here Simondes faders,
17.25-26 (Vulg. Simonis, Lc. v, 3) is probably a mistranslation of
the Anglo-French de or a simon pers — the MS. contraction for pent,
' Peter,' being misread as pere, ' father.'

Again, in the passage : — \)o com a man to Jesu and of rede Itym
children, ]>at lie schulde touchen hem and blissen hem. And Jesus
deciples recu[s]eden hem \at hem offreden (67.23-26), the contradiction
between a man and hem pat . . . offreden is very likely due to a
mistranslation of the French indefinite pronoun on, since in Old
French many of the forms for on and homme were identical, e. g. OF.
on, hon, omrne, horn.

At the marriage feast in Cana of Galilee, when the Virgin Mary

noticed the lack of wine, Jesus said, \>e man teas nou$t ^ut comen pat

scholde scheme his power, 12.9-10 (Vulg. nondum venit hora mea

. . . Joh. ii, 4). This translation man for hour is probably due to

the misreading of OF. (h)ore as (h)on. Cf. 76.29, where be wers
■

1 Cf. craccheden, 97.22. B cracchen not in N.E.D.

3 The only example of this form quoted in N.E.D. is: — 1389 Eng, Qilds
(1870) 53, To certefyen jou of godes & chateux.

4 Edit. Forsnall and Madden, Oxford, 1850.

5 Communicated by Miss A. C. Pauos.

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xvi Introduction

(Vulg. lapidesl Lc. xix, 40) points to a similar confusion between
F, pire and pierres.

No less than three times it would seem that OF. level' and laver
have been confused. (1) ' Jch,' he setde, 'lyfte yrn of pe icatere for
penaunce,' 9.32-33 {Vulg. Ego quidem vos baptizo in aqua in
paenitevtiam, Mt. iii, 11). (2) for as mychel as Jesus ne aros nouyth
tofore "pat he ete, 40. 1 0-1 1 (Vulg. quare non baptizatus esset ante
prandiam, Lc. xi, 38). (3) And Jesus po to hem seide which of hem
it were pat nolde no^th wasche his schepe vpon pe sabat $if it were fallen
in a foule diche, 37.29-31 (Vulg. Ipse autem dixit Mis Quis erit ex
vobis homo qui habeat ovem unam, et si ceciderit haec sabbatis in
foveam, nonne tenebit et levabit earn ? Mt. xii, 11).

Another mistranslation of the same kind is apparently due to OF.
foudre having been read as poudre, with the result that Satan is said
to have fallen from heaven, not as lightning (Vulg. Videbam satanam
sicut fulgur de caelo cadentem, Lc. x, 18), but as dust: — 'ich seij
Sathan als dust falle fram heuene,' 34.20.

In a previous discourse Jesus is said to have bidden his disciples to
be wyse as seint Petre and symple as a douue, 30.14-15 (Vulg. Estote
ergo prudentes sicut serpentes, et simplices sicut columbae, Mt. x, 16).
The curious mistranslation seint Petre is probably due to OF. serpentes,
in its contracted MS. form, being mistaken for A-F. 8. Pers.

A further witness to a French source is the use of he, instead of
it, with reference to pe temple ( F. le temple), 84.10, and pe wynde
(F. le vent), 21.24; both obvious retentions of the French gender.
The context is : (1) And als he went out of be temple, so comen his
deciples and scheweden hym how he was riche tj- good 4' strong,
84.9-11. (2) And also suipe Jesus comaunded be wynde and pe
see forto be stille and pat he ne blew nomore; and also sone it was
stille, 21.23-25. Cf. 54.1, where the second hym refers to ]>e werlde.

The story of Hou pat JJiesus reised pe wedewes dou3tter from dep

to lyue, 30. § 29, is a curious case of persistent error.1 The passage

corresponds to the raising of the widow's son at Nain (Lc. vii, 11-18).

On the hypothesis that the substitution of doubter for the traditional

son is merely a scribal error,2 the case for a French as against a Latin

1 For an account of a similar error in a fourteenth-century translation of the
liturgical gospels, see Deanesly, M , 17ie Loll-ard Bible, Camb. Univ. Press,
1920, p. 181.

3 But it is more likely to be a case of direct translation from French. Since
the type for the above was set up, Miss Mabel Day has kindly drawn my atten-
tion to an O.F. Gospel Harmony which resembles the Middle English one in the
same striking divergence from canonical tradition : 'Et quewit il vint alentrce de
le chite si encontra vne biere & se gisoit dedens le fille a vue veue femme qui
morte estoit . . . et chele se drecha tantost & fu toute garie & saine.' — Brit. Mus.
MS. Roy. 20, A. xiii, fol. 40 a.

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Introduction xvii

source is strengthened by the fact that while the Vulgate account
employs six words indicative of gender : — -films, unicus, defuncius,
mortuus, ilium and Hit, French translations of the Vulgate normally
use only three, as in the following fifteenth-century account1 : — Quant
il aprocha a la forte de la cite len portoit un cors qui estoit mors qui
estoit fify dune fame qui nauoit plus denfans Sf ele estoit nueue et
grant tourbe de la cite o lui. Quant nostres sires la mo il fu men de
misericorde. Cest a dire il auoit pitie fy fu mew a f aire li misericorde
4' li dist ne ploure$ mie fy il aprocha $ atoucha la biere § ceus qui la
portoient sarresterent. § ihesus li dist enfes ie te di lieue toi § al qui
estoit mort sassist 4" print a parler § il Ie dona a sa mere. Here the
only evidence of the widow's child being a son lies in the words fil^,
al'1 and le. The English translator, working probably on a similar
narrative, perhaps misread OF. ^3 as file (OF. fille, 'daughter'), and
having begun the story in terms of doubter continued it consistently
to the end, changing the gender of al and le to correspond.

Another illustration of close kinship with a French source is the
following : — And \>ou, he seide, sum tyme turne ayein arid conforte \i
bretheren, 88.6-7. This rendering is clearly much nearer to : — Sf tu
auownefois tome vers Us freres 4' les conferme,3 or to : — § tu aucune
fois tournes vers tes freres § les confermes* tlian to the Vulgate : —
et tu aliquando conversus confirma fratres tuos (Lc. xxii, 32).

Further evidence of a French source is afforded by the following
idiomatic phrases : —

And he reproued hem \>at wolden hym slee, and scheived hem ]>at
hij hadden wrong, 54.11-13 (cf. F. avoir tort).

tj* ]>orou$ ]>at skyl went Joseph [$•] Marie his spouse . . . vnto Bed-
leem forto make reconischannce in his owen cite, 4. 33-5. 2 (cf. Lc. ii, 4).
The expression/orfo make reconischaunce is taken from OF. f aire recon-
noissance. There is no other example of the phrase in Middle English.5

Uou Jhesus turned be heued to $acheus, 4' tolde hym an ensample
of X besaunt^, 70, § 77, heading (cf. F. tourner la tete).

And vpon [at o\er day comen be preestes and ye Phariseus to
Pilate . . . fy bisoutften hym \at he schulde do looke ]>e body in be
sepulchre til be ~pridde day, 101.25-30 (cf. F. faire garder le corps).

1 Edin. Univ. Lib. D. b. I. 3, La Sainte Bible avec un commentaire, fob 390,
recto, col. 1, 1. 39— col. 2, 1. 5.

2 al is a contracted form of a le.

8 British Museum, Roy. 20. B.v., fol. 45, recto, col. 2, 11. 39-41. Early four-
teenth-century according to catalogue.

* British Museum, Btbl. Reg. 19. c. 11., fob 193, recto, col. 2, 11. 7-8.

* N.E.D. gives 1602 as the date of the earliest example.
GOSPEL HARMONY 6

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xviii Introduction

llou Jesus dies hym sixty and twelue deciples, 33. § 32, heading.
. . . After wardes \an ekes Jesus hym sexti & twelue disciples, ib.
11. 19-20. This rendering of the Vulg. sepluaginta duos (Lc. x, 1),
is apparently due to OF, sexante do$e (also duse, doce, dose, douse,
dotfe, dwfie), F, soixante-douze.

And bo com a womman and avised hir of seint Petre (92.28).
This reflexive use of avised with of, meaning 'observed,' 'watched/
is evidently borrowed from the F. s'aviser de. The corresponding
Vulgate is vidit eum alia, Mt. xxvi, 71.

The above evidence for a French source is further strengthened by
the strong French element in the vocabulary, especially by the
presence of certain somewhat uncommon loan-words, e.g. : —

sfte hadde done \at dede in ]>e honoura[n]ce of his buryinge,
75.20-21. (OF. honorance, onnourance).

Hou Jhesus heled a womman ]>at was bocched,1 42. § 44, heading.
(ON-F. boche = OF. boce, 'ulcer').

hij scholden fei^e ]>e aprise of \e Phariseus, 52.2-1-25. aprise,
' learning ' = OF. aprise, the substantive use of the fern. sing, of
apris, p. p. of aprendre, ' to learn.' (The corresponding Latin is
doctrina Pharisaeorum, Mt. xvi, 12.)

Yblissed be be bonair, 26.30 (Vulg. Bead mites, 'Blessed be the
meek,' Mt. v, 5).

\e feste of loges, 53.18. OF. loge means 'arbour' or 'hut.'
(The corresponding Latin Avoid is scenopegia, ' feast of Tabernacles,'
Joh. vii, 2.)

And \>o comen \e wymmen towardes be sepulchre in \at gardyne,
and sei$en an aungel . . . ycladde in a white chesible, 103.3-6. A
curious use of OF. chesible. (The Vulg. has stola Candida, lie. xvi, 5.)
The Pharisees are described as being liche be graues \at ben
daubed and made f aire mpouten and stunken wipinne (82.10-11) —
an amplification of the Vulg. similes . . . sepulchris dealbatis
(Mt. xxiii, 27). The OF. verb, is dauber.

In Jn's gentil womman, 42.27, we have OF. gentilfemme. (The
corresponding Latin is Hanc auiemfiliam Abrahae, Lc. xiii, 16.)

Thus the cumulative evidence of vocabulary, phraseology, and
especially of those curious divergences from the Vulgate which I have
called mistranslations, all clearly indicates a French text as the
immediate source of the Gospel Harmony.

1 N.E.D. quotes only one example of the use of the verb botch with the abovo
meaning : 1699, Young Hylas, botch'd with Stains loo foul to name.

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I. VOWELS.
A. O.E. Short Vowels.

§ 1. O.E. a except before nasals and shortened O.E. a.

O.E. a remains : (a) In closed syllables : hifallen (p. p.) 2.22,
habbe (inf.) 5.5, wasshe (inf.) 17.25. Scand. loanwords : caste
(pt. sg.) 13.1. Shortened O.E. a : askeden (pt. pi.) 5.35, schadde
(pt. sg.) 13.1, yhalewed (p.p.) 77.16, wrappen (inf.) 39.11 (O.E.
wrapian, wridpan).

(b) O.E. a in open syllables : quakeand (prs. p.) 24.25, baped
(p. p.) 69.23, wakep (imp, pi.) 85.9, etc.

§ 2. O.E. a (o) before nasals.

(a) O.E. a before single nasal usually remains : bigan (pt. sg.)
3.29, many 1.10, schame 27.7, man 1.6, etc., but once mon in monnes
(gen. sg.) 55.38, fram 17.19, etc. (5 X), /raw 2.13, etc. (59 X ), but
from 27.23, etc. (25 X ) ; ci.fro 10.17, 57.8, twice only, whan usually
(wan 22.34), but whennes 96.30; pan usually (panne 9.28, etc.
(7 x )), but pennes 54.36.

(b) O.E. a > 5 before lengthening consonant groups : clombe
(pt. sg.) 70.18, hmbe 11.19, but lambren 110.15, wombe 3.28, bonde
(pt. sg.) 99.31, honde 25.7, etc., Iwnden 53.5, etc., hondes 76.24, etc.
(3x), (also hende 21.11, O.N. Ae««Y) but handlen (inf.) 107.18
(for toforne hande, honde, see § 34), Zoncfe 18.12, wonde (pt. sg.) 5.6,
amonge 8.12, euensong 21.14, stonge (pt. sg.) 108.19, pwong 9.5,
wwwjr 9.20 (O.N. (v)rangr), but crimed (adj.) 19.4.

and 1.4, etc. ; andsered (pt. sg.) 3.12 once only, regularly ansuered
23.29, etc., answered 23.22, etc.

Before other than lengthening consonant groups : cf. ansuered,
answered above; dronke (pt. sg.) 15.30,31, ponlced (pt. sg.) 3.31,
etc., but panked (pt. sg.) 7.2, etc. (ponk — : pank — = 10 : 14).

§ 3. O.E. 03 (Merc. Kent, e) and earlier shortened O.E. a, (<?).
(a) O.E. m >a both in closed and open syllables : salt (pt. sg.)

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15.13, oImwm 9.15, tobraste (pt. sg.) 100.6, w£a£ 3.20, etc., srmwes
21.28, Aawene 109.21. For quop (pt. sg.) 32.31, 65.10, quod (pt. sg.)
66.31, heruest 43.12 (<O.E. fcer/es£, hcerfest), wheper{e) 32.30, etc.
(6 X), see Morsb. § 96. gresse 47.6 is probably from East Scand.
grces (Bjorkman, p. 30, note).

O.E. gced{e)rian, gadrian appear with a- and e-forms, e-forms
prevailing : gader (inf.) 47.12, gadreden (pt. pi.) 59.11, ygadred (p. p.)
81.22, gederen (inf.) 33.30, gedre (inf.) 85.2, gedred (p. p.) 82.21,
gedereden (pt. pi.) 47.13, gedreden (pt. pi.) 52.4, etc. (3x ). {a:e =

3:7).

O.E. gaderung appears as gaderynge 23.18.

O.E. togced(e)re, * toged{e)re appear with e, i, y, ; e-forms pre-
vailing: togeder 1.24, togider 5.23, togyder 33.21 (e:%)=8:6).

(b) The shortened O.E. m (e) gives double forms with e and a.

(a) O.E. (C <Gmc. ai. Forms with e prevail: (bi-)left(e)
(pt. sg.) 8.9, etc. (10 x ), (U-)hfim (pt. pi.) 103.17,
etc. (6 X ), lesse (comp.) 7.29, 55.9, spredde (p. p.)
110.26, flesche 48.30, etc. (3 X ), flesc(h)lich 62.§66,
heading, 27, clensen (inf.) 88.4, Jiestes 96.7, neuer 1.13,
etc., euer(-e, -y, -Mi, -ych(e)) 4.26, etc., ledd(e) (pt. sg.)
10.26, etc. (8 X ), ledden (pt. pi.) 97.15,24, ledde (p. p.)
6.15, etc. (3 X), ladde (pt. sg.) 11.29, etc. (3 X), ladden
(pt. pi.) 56.4, etc. (5 X ), eladde (pt. sg.) 95.29, cladden
(pt. pi.) 96. 14, eladde (p. p.) 96.21, ycladde (p. p.)
103.5, agast (p. p.) 107.15, er 25.26, erlich 78.5, 102.1,4,
but ar 70.19, arst 28.5, etc. (6 X), laste{n) (inf.) 14.24,
64.9, lasted (pt. sg.) 18.33, etc. (3 x),schadde (pt. sg.)
13.1, yscJiadde (p. p.) 82.16, any 1.5, etc., wrappen
(inf.) 39.11 (O.E. wrckpan, wrapian).

(p) W.S. ce, non. W.S. e = Gmc. e§. Forms with e prevail :
neddre(s) 82.12, etc. (3 X ), redd(e) (pt. sg.) 18.18,
79.19, redden (pt. pi.) 98.12, redde (p. p.) 37.8, dredd(e)
(pt. sg.) 4.4, etc. (3 X), dredden (pt. pi.) 15.1, dredde
(sb.) 47.30, dradde (pt. sg.) 7.34, aaYatf" (p.p.) 3.6,.
73.8, admdd(e) (p. p.) 5.12, etc. (5 X ), wharfore 49.12,
etc. (3 X), wharto 91.32, 94.13, whar-wip 51.25, badden
(pt. pi.) 39.8. For baden (pt. pi.) 53.19, etc. (3 X ),
see § 10, late ( ? p. p. <O.E. Zcetow) 101.18.

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§ 4. O.E. e, f and shortened O.E. e, eo.
These e-sounds are usually written e : —

(a) Short O.E. e, e in closed syllables except before lengthening
consonants : ne?npned (p. p.) 5.32, leggen (inf.) 17.30, etc. (3x ), seggen
(inf.) 32.33, etc., seggep (imp. pi.) 31.19, sigge{n) (inf.) 29.9, etc.,
siggep (imp. pi.) 65.11, sugge(n) (inf.) 40.25, etc., (e : i : u = 5 : 13 : 3),
see Morsb. § 109.4; pens 63.14, etc., but pans 75.15, penche (inf.)
59.4, etc., but pink(e) (inf.) 101.27, 103.13. For wormode 101.7, see
§ 33, togeder § 3 (a).

(b) Shortened O.E. e (eo) : mette (pt. sg.) 25.15, Jcepten (pt. pi.)
5.10, fellen (pt. pi.) 6.16, grette (pt. sg.) 104.6, yspedde (p.p.) 77.4,
fedde (pt. sg.) 46. § 49, heading, fledde (pt. sg.) 92.11, wesshen (pt. pi.)

12.13.

(c) O.E. e, e before lengthening consonant-group : hended
(pt. sg.) 28.6, berne 41.3, lenger (comp.) 91.4, felde 43.9, ysperde
(p. p.) (<O.N. sperra) 107.10.

(d) O.E. e, e in open syllables : eten (inf.) 16.18, metes
31.27, tetes 39.37 (prob. O.F. tete. See N.E.D.), ybeden (p. p.)
62.7, etc.

§ 5. O.E. i and shortened O.E. I.

The O.E. i remains as a rule, written i, y. Rarely i > e.

(a) In closed syllables : ni^ttes 10.20, briddes 20.33, $iftes 82.8,
%#e (inf.) 35.14. Shortened O.E. I: wisdam 8.26, bitidde (pt. sg.)
45.11, (p.p.) 3.31, etc. (3x), bitidden (pt.pl.) 105.27, bitydd(e)
(pt.sg.) 24.12, 45.10, (p.p.) 25.13, etc. (3x); before lengthening
consonants : pinges 8.25, wynde 21.23, chiUe 2.31.
\ (6) In open syllables : dryuen (pt. pi.) 30.22, hider 34.5, abiden
(pt. pi.) 2.24, toidewes 30.28.

M.E. i >e in the following instances only : penges 7.9, wedeives
30. § 29, heading.

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§ 6. O.E. o and shortened O.E. o.

Written o throughout ; before lengthening consonants o, oo.

(a) In closed syllables: goddes 1.14, folk 1.8; shortened O.E.
o : sq/i!er 30.11 ; before lengthening consonants : pomes 43.6,
vnderstonde (inf.) 33.28, ivoorde 27.34, boorde 64.19, hoorde 41.10.

(6) In open syllables : Aosew 33.23, rot(i)en (inf.) 42.5, 48.18.
y&ore (p. p.) 5.36, lopen (pt. pi.) 21.33 (anal, formation).

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§ 7. O.E. u and shortened O.E. u.

Written u, o, occasionally ou, especially before the lengthening
consonants mb, nd.

(a) In closed syllables : sonne 20.10, sunne 73.1, crommes 50.22,
crummes 64.19, bigonnen (pt. pi.) 76.19, bigunnen {pt. pi.) 26.4,
dronkelew 32.8, dronkennesse 85.8, drunken (pt.pl.) 48.25; with
later shortening yonge 68.5, ^onger 110.22, congest 87.31, sungen
(pt. pi.) 77.24. Shortened O.E. u : ludder (comp.) 70.9, pursday
75. § 81, heading, bot 7.6, etc. Before lengthening consonants mb,
nd, rn : cloumben (pt.pl.) 22.31, doumb(e) 39.1, etc. (5 x) but
dombe 20.11, etc. (5 X), tumbed (pt. sg.) 45.19, houndes 50.21,22,
pounde 75.10, wounden (p. p.) 5.8, ywounded (p. p.) 31.15, ybounden
(p, p.) 20.12, but bonden (pt. pi.) 94.15, founden (p. p., pt. pi.) 6.8,
16, etc., mournende (prs. p.) 68.18-19; with liquid or nasal in the
following syllable : hunger 10.21, wonder 16.10, ponder 26.25, forper
24.31.

O.E. purh appears as porouj throughout, once only poroj 75.
§ 81, heading.

(&) In open syllables the writing o is the rule : sones 1.12, dore
102.16,18, hony 107.23, sonenday 77. § 82, heading, woned (p. p.)
36.4, loued (p. p.) 8.27, flowen (pt. pi. < O.E. flugon) 22.7. Once oo
in bridegoome 85.16 (O.E. brydguma). See Morsb. § 122.3.

§ 8. O.E. y (e) and shortened O.E. y (e).

The old sound, written u, is sometimes retained, and a few
e-forms occur, but the prevailing form is i (y).

(a) On late O.E. * for earlier y depend the following : kyng
1.19, etc., kyngedom 8.30, kynde 1.22, etc., kynred 1.16, mankynde
1.7. For O.E. bisij (later also bysij) occurs besy 36.11, etc. (3x);
on O.E. bycjan, later bic^an, depend : bigge(n) (inf.) 46.28, etc.
(6 X), bugge (inf.) 15.14, (3 sg. subj.) 88.18. The late O.E. forms
hire, -a, hyre, -a, appear regularly as hire, but hure 3.4,35.

(b) O.E. y and shortened O.E. y in closed syllables.

(a) Always i (y) in synne 4.2, etc., first 5.6, etc., kirtels 30.1,

lyfte (1st sg. prs.) 9.32, kissed (pt. sg.) 32.18, wirchen

(inf.) 101.21, afyngred (p.p.) 37.2; before lengthening

consonants : kyrnels 37 .4, girdel 102.28, gyrden (inf.)

| | 110.25, gyrde (pt. sg.) 88.22, 110.22, birpe 45.18.

0) Parallel i (y) and w-forms, i-forms prevailing: nysten

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Introduction xxiii

(pt. pi.) 8.9, etc. (7 x), «#s< (pt. pi.) 16.18, nust^
(pt. sg.) 57.28, fulfilkn (inf.) 107.32, /uZ/iM (p. p.)
88.20, etc. (3 X ), fulfild{e) (p. p.) 69.13, 100.2, filden
(pt. pi.) 47.13, fylleden (pt. pi.) 18.5, iffuUen (inf.)
12.14, "\fulden (pt. pi.) 12.15; shortened O.E. y : hidde
(pt. sg.) 55.30, 84.8, hidden (pt. pi.) 93.34, yhidd
(p. p.) 72.18, A«<Me (pt. sg.) 2.29, hudde (p. p.) 43.23,
[»:«=4:2],

(y) Parallel u and e-forms, u- forms prevailing : Shortened
O.E. y. O.E. ^jjt, J?! appear as 3^ 36.29, etc. (10 X),
$ut 12.9, etc. (8 x ), ^ett 68.13, 107.21.

(5) wers (compar. adj.) 39.32, (eompar. adv.) 23.35, etc. (3 x),
werst (superl. adj.) 42.2. See § 21.

(c) O.E. y in open syllables :

(a) Always i (y) in yuel 14.1, etc., styre (inf.) 17.30, stirep
(3 sg. prs.) 31.25, stired (opt. sg.) 17.27, stired (p. p.)
44.26.

(p) Parallel i (y) and informs : buri^e (inf.) 21.6, buryen (inf.)
95.6, burieden (pt. pi.) 45.32, yburyed (p. p.) 73.37,
buryinge 75.21, once only biri^en (inf.) 21.5; mychel
2.22, etc. (mykel 28.18), once only muche 6.31.

(y) Parallel u, e and i-forms, it-forms prevailing : d ude(n)
(pt. sg. pi.) 32.23, 33,27, etc. (73 X), (mis-, vn-). dede(n)
(pt. sg. pi.) 6.17, etc. (7 x ), dyden (opt. pi.) 28.1 once
only. Cf. Morsb. § 130.6.

B. O.E. Long Vowels.

§ 9. O.E. a.

Written 0, 00 as a rule, exceptionally a, e : holy 2.11, etc., gost
2.11, etc., whom 7.14, 11.31, loo ! 96.22, 97.2, fro 10.17, 57.8, but
holy 37.8, wham 5.26, etc. (7 X ), whas 80.16, etc. (3 X ).

O.E. (n)a-wiht appears generally as (n)ou$th 2.23, etc., (n)ow$t
38.17, etc. (7 x), no^t 42.27, etc. (4 x), no#h 37.30.

M.E. 6 ( < O.E. a) appears shortened in smott (pt. sg.) 91.37, etc.
(4 X ), wott (3 prs. sg.) 85.6.

Double forms with 0 and e, depending on O.E. forms with or

j Possibly from O.E. fullian, not fyllan.

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xxiv Introduction

without mutation : most 33,7, etc. (3 x), moist 87.28 with Northern
spelling; mest(e) 60.2,4.

§ 10. W.S. Angl. W Kent e (Gmc. ai) and W.S, <2 Angl. Kent e
(Gmc. ce).

Written e, ee as a rule : se(e) 17.21, etc., er 5.33, etc., but shortened
as or 70.19, arst 85.6, etc. (6x); per(e) 1.10, etc., but pare 51.13
(once only); Are 13.8, etc., but whare 11.19, wharfore 49.12, etc.
(3X), wharwip 51.25, wJWfo 91.32, 94.13; fceim (pt.pl.) 46.23,
etc. (7 X), for baden (pt.pl.) 53.19, etc. (3 X), badden (pt. pi.)
39.8, see § 3 (p) ; beren (pt. pi.) 18.22, etc. Analogically from the
sing, bare (pt. opt. pi.) 77.15.

O.E. celc appears as (euer-)ihh(e) 8.7, etc. (13 X ), (euer-)ilchone
H2.14, etc. (3 X ), ylch 38.12, eueriche 57.12, euerichon 95.16, euerych
31.26, etc. (8 X), vche 9.20, etc. (3 X ), vchon(e) 12.31, etc. (10 X).
[i(y):u= 27: 13.]

O.E. w^(hwcB)per, ni(^(hwce)per, d^(hwce)per, nd^{hwos)per appear
as oiper 16.1, etc. (28 X), noiper 16.4, etc. (4 X), neiper 29.34, etc.
(3X).

ware (pt. opt. sg.) 30.3 is exceptional. The otherwise invariable
pret. ind. and opt. form is were(n).

§ 11. O.E. e.

Written e : suete 1.1, mede 9.37, here 11.9, feete 22.11.

§ 12. O.E. I.

Written i, y : wif 2.7, wyf 1.22, likynges 2.14, swyne 22.3.

§ 13. O.E. o remains written o, oo :

done (inf.) 3.22, Ucom (pt. sg.) 1.6, #ooie 1.21.
With O.E. lengthening woord(e) 27.34, 31.22.

§ 14. O.E. u.

Written ow as a rule, occasionally ow, u, o : hous 3.26, wipoute(n)
1.5, etc., tonnes 10.28, aloude 25.7, owe § 1. heading, etc., but ovre 1.1 ;
?iotv 7.3, etc., bowjeande (prs. p.) 21.27, 34.14.

O.E. neahbur appears as nei^boures 56.4, and shortened and
weakened in -bur^ 35.10, -burs 55.40, -bor$(e) 35.8, etc. (3 X ), -bore
81.15, -bors 60.29.

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§ 15. O.E. £.

Written i, y throughout; whi 1.2, litel 17.27, bridale 23.32,
/or % 3.13.

The form biclosen (inf.) 3.16 (O.E. beclysan) is probably due to
the influence of the French p.p. clos, close (cf. N.EM,).

C. O.E. Short Diphthongs.
I. Breaking.
§ 16. O.E. ea (a), before rr, r -+- cons.

Is a throughout : harme 54.24, stark 100.27, art 36.11, harde 21.32,
to-, forp-, pider-wardes 3.9, 8.25, 29.5, to-, after-, pennes-ward 6.11,
7.18, 25.14.

§ 17. W.S. Kent, ea, Angl. a (a) before 11, I -f- cons.

(a) Before Zd regularly o, occasionally e, a : colde 92.23, holden
(inf.) 28.20, etc.; tolde (pt. sg.) 11.29, etc., but telde (pt. sg.) 25.12
(once only) ; solden (pt. pi.) 12.28, but selden (pt. pi.) 13.2 [sold- :
seld - = 3 : 2] ; olde 43.27, but eWe (adj.) 18.30 [old{e) :elde=G: 11] ;
bolde 40.22, etc., but WM 19.9, 29.30; $olde (pt. sg.) 34.24,
but jalde (pt. sg.) 47.8 [yold- : jald- = 2:6]. The forms with e
may be scribal errors, the e and o in the MS. being difficult to differ-
entiate; or they may represent O.E. sealde, tealde, etc.

(b) Before other ^-combinations a invariably : galle 98.6, halte
(adj. as sb.) 77.22, half 2 A, also 3.23.

§ 18. W.S. Kent, ea, Angl. ce before h, hL

ei^tte 4.10, eijttene 42.18, sei$ (pt. sg.) 32.3, etc., but sagh^ (pt. sg.)
11.9, sau$e (pt. sg.) 22.34.

§ 19. O.E. eo before r, I + cons.

Written e, before lengthening consonants e, ee : sterre 6.12,

derkenesse 13.37, werkes 26.4, erpe 9.33, "f werld(e) 1-10, etc., but
werlt 68.35, swerdes 88.17,21, sweerd 88.18, lerned (p.p.) 54.9.

§ 20. W.S. Kent, eo, Angl. e before A + cons.
This breaking is supplanted by the later so-called palatal umlaut.
Cf. Siev. Gr* § 108 : kni^tes 28.25, hi$th (p. p.) 1.21, brijthnesse 10.9,

f See also § 22.

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sixty 33. § 32, heading, but sex 42.23, etc., sexte 75.6, 87. § 95, heading,
sexti 33.19, sextene 42.7.

For oitwixen 7.1, etc. (3 X), hituene 14.9 (2 X), see Siev. Gr.9
§§ 84.1, 329.1.

§ 21. The i-umlaut of O.E. ea, eo, io (W.S. ie, y, i, Angl. e, io,
etc.), appears regularly as e, occasionally i : wers (compar. adj.)
39.32, (compar. adv.) 23.35, etc. (3 X ), werst (superl. adj.) 42.2,
werned (pt. sg.) 61. § 64, heading, scheperdes 5.20, but schepehirdes
5.23, Mrdes 22.7 [-erd- : -Aire?- = 2:6]; ferrer (double compar. adv.)
106.27 may represent a new formation from the positive. See § 55.

II. u-, o-umlaut.

§ 22. O.E. eo as M-umlaut of e, i, is e : werld(e) 31.27, etc., werlt
68.35, heuene 34.23, seuene 32.10.
For wodes ( < O.E. wudu, < *widu) 10.27, see § 33 w-influence.

§ 23. O.E. io, later ie, i, y, late W.S. eo as u-, o-umlaut of i is i, y,
occasionally e, u : liuep (prs. sg.) 10.24, syluer 29.33; lened (pt. sg. <
O.E. hleonian) 89.2, cleped (pt. sg.) 39.6, etc.; sippe(n) 30.12, etc.
(15 x), sjppem 51.1, footnote, sipen 3.33, etc. (4 x), but suppe(n)
(O.E. syppan) 3.19, etc. (7 x ), [sip- : s«J?- = 20 : 7].

III. Consonant Influence.
§ 24. Pal. + 03, a.

W.S. ea, Merc, e, ee (ea) > a throughout : $ate 30.26, 3a/ (pt. 'sg.)
13 .30, schame 21.7, schal 7.15.

§ 25. Pal. -f 0, u.

Written 0, u : jonge 68.5, monger 110.22, congest 87.31, schollen
7.13, schullen 7.12, etc. (28 X ), schullep 85.4, scholde{n) 4.5, etc.,
schulde(n) 2.13, etc. [scfoW- : schuld- :: 1 : 6.5]. In golden (pt. opt. pi.)
80.18 the 3 has come in from the forms where it is regular.

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§ 26. Pal. + e (W.S. ie, i, y ; Angl., K. e).

Before lengthening consonants e throughout : jerde 30.2 (but
cf , Morsb. Urk. p. 56), ^elden (inf.) 9.37 ; in other cases e and * .•
$eue (inf.) 70.27, (opt. sg.) 15.22, ^elhnde (prs. p.) 21.32, forjeten
(pt. pi.) 52.15, (p. p.) 52. § 56, heading.

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In the following, the i may be due to W. Gmc. i : 51/ throughout ;
(for-)^iue(n) (inf.) 9.15, etc., for^iuep (prs. sg.) 43.28, $iue (prs. pi.)
36.28, jiue (imp. sg.) 15.33, 59.21, for^iuenesse 60.16. Cf. Biilbring,
Ekm., § 306.3.

The following forms are of doubtful origin : jutt (adv.) 36.29,
etc. (10 X), $ut 10.13, etc. (7 x), $elt 68.13, 107.21. (Late W.S.
jyt, non-W.S. jet.)

D. O.E. Long Diphthongs.
§ 27. O.E. ea and lengthened O.E. ea.

Written e, ee : deef 51.14, neer 33.28, lef (sb.) 4.16, dep (sb.)
7.15, dede (adj.) 7.33, ester 75.1, etc. (3 x), estren 12.26, esterne
82.24, esiwrne 8.5, sZe(n) (inf.) 7.23,34, telde (pt. sg.) 25.12 (other-
wise tolde < Angl. talde) ; M.E. shortening : gretter 42.27, grettest
35. § 34, heading, /^p (sb.) 91.18, yreft (p. p.) 36.13.

In nerrer (compar. adv.) 69.19 the shortened root-vowel may go
back on O.E. ea {near) or e (ner).

§ 28. O.E. eo.

Written e, ee as a rule; exceptionally ie : be (inf.) 2.12, pre 3.33,
wex (pt. sg.) 4.24, ferping 82.29, dren/ 59.6, se&e 20.11, seeke 23.25,
sene (inf.) 12.3, seene (inf.) 31.9, free 11.33, breestes 100.14, lepen
(pt. pi.) 49.3, fierpe (O.E. /eorJ?a) 73.14, 85.18. In lopen (pt. pi.)
22.5, footnote, 46.15, the 0 is analogical, unless it is a scribal error,
the MS. reading not being very clear.

§ 29. *-umlaut of O.E. ea, eo.

Written e : heren (inf.) 27.21, leue (prs. pi.) 16.26, nedes 8.21,
tened (pt. sg.) 55.29, jeme (sb.) 57.9, betep (prs. sg.) 36.21, nexte
86.8 ; M.E. shortening : strepten (pt. pi.) 98.2. The form pifte
(sb.) 96.5 is probably from O.W. Scand. pi/ft, pf/f&. Cf. Luick,
Untersuchungen p. 248; Bjorkman, Loan-words p. 309. Chiefly
found in Northern dialects and Scotch (N.E.D.).

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E. Consonant Influence.

§ 30 Vowel + pal. spirant.

1. O.E. cc + 3 > m, ay as a rule, but parallel forms in ei, ey are
not infrequent : day 4.10, maiden 3.1, vpbraided (pt. sg.) 92.11,

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xxviii Introduction

naihs 108.18; /air 18.23 but feire 10.28, sfoyn (p. p.) 15.1 but sleyn
(p. p.) 40.16, seide (pt. sg.) 2.6, etc., but ysaide (p. p.) 3.22.
O.B. on^cejn, -je^n appears as ajein 3.34, etc.

2. O.E. e -f- 5 > ei, ey as a rule, occasionally at, ay : seist
(2 prs. sg.) 48.37, seip (3 prs. sg.) 37.14, seileden (pt. pi.) 109.30,
reynen (inf.) 41.20; yseye (p.p.) 5.27, etc. (3 X), but (y)sei^e(n)
(p.p.) 2.27, etc. (5 X), weie 9.30, weye 31.29 but waye 19.7, away
19.30, etc. ; hide (p. p.) 64.23, hide (pt. sg.) 5.7 [Zei- : lai- = 7 : 3].

3. O.E. e+ht: hijth (pt. sg.) 1.21, etc. (9 X), ki^tte (pt. sg.)
2.33, etc. (3 X ), (p. p.) 6.4, behitfh (pt.sg.) 6.32, etc. (3 X ). Cf.
heet(e) (pt. sg.) 87.18, 89.12, bihett (pt. sg.) 31.29, etc. (3 X), biheten
(pt. pi.) 86.18.

4. O.E. i + ht : brityhnesse 10.9, mirthful 4.23, nijttes 10.20,
myytten (pt. pi.) 34.31, wi^th 24.22, wi^tte 29.10, once weijtt 43.27.

5. O.E. ea (later also e) + A, ht : seij (pt. sg.) 1.14, ei^tte 5.31,
e*3«ene 42.18, 28.

6. O.E. m (e) + 5 : teye» (pt. pi.) 44.16, 46.19, %e» (pt. pi.)
64.19, sei^en (pt. pi.) 5.25, etc. ; neiper 95.18, etc. (3 X ), otherwise
(n)oiper 16.1, etc. throughout.

7. O.E. e + 5 : (by-)wryen (inf.) 37.23, 95.17 (O.E. wrig(e)an)t
biwrieden (pt.pl.) 94.21, biwryeden (pt.pl.) 37.6; tome 21.31, etc.
(4 X), tweye 21.28, iweye 17.23.

O.N. deyja has i-forms as a rule : rtyen (iuf.) 57.14, etc. (6 X),
dye (inf.) 92.3, die (inf.) 61.24, dye (imp. sg.) 73.11, dyed (pt. sg.)
64.22, etc. (3 X ), but deye (inf.) 90.22.

8. O.E. i+ 3: for the analogical steije (inf.) 41.31, 104.1, see
Bjorkman, Loan-words, p. 62.1.

9. O.E. y + 5 : <%e» (inf.) 78.12, oVyed (p. p.) 78.15.

10. O.E. ea (late W.S. Angl. e) + 5, A > eij : fleiz (pt. sg.)
20.2, ei$en 32.17, ^"5 36.27, etc., hei$ 19.5, foijer 31.31, Ae^es^
6.2, hei^ed (p. p.) 13.28, nei^ 19.11, neij-(-burs) 55.40, etc., aneiyed
(pt. pi.) 24.20.

11. O.E. eo, to (Angl. e) + 3, fa : fie%^e{n) (inf.) 64.30, etc., %&
1.6, etc.

§ 31. jSAorf wweZ + gutt. spirant.

1. O.E. a+3> aw, aw>5, once only ow : drawe (inf.) 15.25,
dVau^eft (p. p.) 100. § 101, heading, yslaw^e 57.4, 74.28, lawe (O.E.
laju) 6.25, etc., Zatt>3e 24.9, etc., lau^e 81.12, felawes (<Scand.
felagi) 18.4, felawschipp 39.33, but/ekwered 3.14.

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2. O.E. ea (ce) + h, ht : manslaw$ttres (Scand. * slahtr) 50.4,
sair$e (pt. sg.) 22.34, saghj{e) (pt. sg.) 11.9, 44.23.

3. O.E. u + 5 > ow, ow$ : flowen (pt. pi.) 22.7, mowe(ri) (inf.
< late O.E. mw$e, mw$en) 89.19, etc. (4 X), mow^e (inf.) 65.2, 78.17,
mow$e (prs. pi.) 46.28.

4. O.E. o -f- h. The loan-word O.N. *p5A appears only once :
pouj 63.16.

5. O.E. o and shortened O.E. 6 -\- ht> ouj, once ou : dou^Uer(e)
30.28, etc. (3 X), sou^th (p. p.) 8.19, brou^th (pt. sg.) 11.24, pou^tten
(pt. pi.) 4.22, but pouth (pt. sg.) 3.36.

§ 32. Long vowel or diphthong + w or guttural spirant.

1. O.E. a + #>, 5> ow, ou : knowe (inf.) 1.7, owep (prs.pl.)
65.12, sowen (p. p.) 83.10, ycrowe (p. p.) 90.20, soule 35.7, knoulechen
(inf.) 9.2.

O.E. (n)dwiht, (n)aht, (n)owiht, (n)oht appear regularly as (n)ow$th
2.25, etc.; also {n)ow$t 38.17, etc. (9 X), noyLh 25.11, 37.30, no$
42.27, etc. (3 X).

O.E. dag appears as doghje 43.17.

2. O.E. a-\-ht: autyte (pt. sg.) 2.23; ta^t (pt. sg.) 64.4, taujt(te)
(pt. sg.) 36. §36, heading, 63.23, etc., tau^tten (opt.pl.) 109.11,
tau%jLt (p. p.) 36.17.

3. O.E. o+3) w>ow$, 010(5): slows (pt- 8g-) 41.32, slow$en
(pt.pl.) 79.29, etc. (3 X), drou^ (pt. sg.) 91.37, wipdrowje (pt. sg.)
38.1, ynowe 88.21, ynouj 91.15, plouj (late O.E. ploj, ploh < O.N.
plogr) 21.12, louden (pt. pi.) 97.19, 99.2, low^en (pt. pi.) 64.6.

4. O.E. u + 5 : bow^e (inf.) 89.5, abowjen (prs. pi.) 72.2, bow-
jeande (prs. p.) 21.27, 34.14.

5. O.E. ea-\-w>ew: schewen (inf.) 5.14, schewed (pt. sg.)
10.27, schewden (pt. pi.) 5.19, schewed(e) (p. p.) 5.22,30, fewe
26.13.

6. O.E. eo-\-w>ew as a rule, iw, ow occasionally: knewe
(pt. sg.) 11.32, trewe 24.27, treupe 29.15, sew(e) (pt. sg.) 43.5,8,
but siwe (pt. sg.) 43.10; krow (pt. sg.) 89.29, trowed (pt. sg.) 102.30.

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§ 33. ^-influence.

1. O.E. w -f i remains as a rule : will(e) (sb.) 36.19, etc., wiste
(pt. sg.) 16.6, widewe(s) 30.28, etc. (5 X ), wydewes 82.8, but wedewes
30. § 29, heading.

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O.E. wlfman appears as womman 16.6, etc., plur. wymmen

26.7, etc.
O.E. wudu, appears as wodes 10.27.
O.E. swilc (swylc) appears as swich 23.22, etc. (8 X ), suich 9.36,

etc. (4 x ), schuich 63.3.

2. O.E. w -\- y and w -\- eo : wirchen (inf.) 101.21, wets 45.11,
werkes 26.4, etc. (<O.E. je-weorc), werld(e) 11.10, etc., worschipeden
(pt. pi.) 77.21, worp (adj.) 46.31, worJ>i (O.E. weotpi$) 12.21, etc.

O.E. sweostor appears as susler 36.8, etc. (5 X ), sustren 44.7,
72.23.

O.E. wer(e)mod appears as wormode 101.7.

§ 34. v-influence.

M.E. e > a before r -f- cons, in sarmoun 16.26, etc., sarmounnynge
(vbl. sb.) 48.15-16.

Also in the following Fr. loan-words : parfette 3.23, marchaundes

77.8, matchaunden 71.5, marhandises 78.21.

F. Vowels in Unstressed Syllables.

§ 35. Suffixes.

O.E. -diow. Weakened to -dam only once : wisdam 8.26. Other-
wise wisdom 39.25, Jcyng(e)dom 8.30, 71.10, horedom 67.14, Gristendom
27.34.

O.E. -fakJ, -heed : chiJdhode 8. § 6, heading, godhede 1.1.

O.E. -lie, -lice. With one exception -lich throughout : bodilich
1.14, gostlich 1.16, inderlich 18.22, but 6m% 47.1 (cf. N.E.D.).

O.E. -r&den : kynrede 9.9,felowered 3.14.

O.E. -scip : felawschipp 39.33, worschipeden (pt. pi.) 77.21.

M.E. 'er<O.F. -ier<L.L. -erws (~ O.E. -cere) forms the follow-
ing nomina agentis : witnessers 112.10, lookers 102.11.

Also noteworthy are housbandes 80. § 87, heading, but hous(e)-
bonde[-s) 80.24, etc. (6 X ) ; toforne hande 59.5, etc. (4 X ), but
toforne honde 97.18, and nei^ honde 91.17, etc., throughout.

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§ 36. Prefixes.

O.E. on-. a-mong(e) 8.11,15, a-monges 9.33, amydde(s) 37.26,
92,21, a-boute(n) 40.19, 41.12, a-way H-10, a-tened (p.p.) 38.4, a-loude
25.7, a-nijth 6.19, «3ein 3.35.

O.E. je- frequently remains : ypou^th 4.3, yclepid 9.18, yetert

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Introduction xxxi

110.12, ycladde 103.5, yordeined 41.9, yse«e 40.9, y/wwj 91.15;
y- : — :: 203 : 572.

O.E. 6e-. biclosen (inf.) 3.16, bihijth (pt. sg.) 6.32, but bepouth
(pt. sg.) 3.6.

O.E. o/-. aiowwe 10.30, afyngred (p.p.) 37.2.

O.E. /ore-, forchsed (p.p.) 85.17.

§ 37. Unstressed words.

(a) Prepositions are as a rule unchanged, but weakened forms
occasionally occur: vpe 1.1, a-mydde(s) 37.26, 92.21, a morowen
105.19, anon 70.1, beside onon 69.28, onheij 10.34, vpon pe morowen,
te for to 75.2.

(b) Pronouns, ich, jch, 9.32, etc., beside the unstressed form
j 8.21, etc., ich, jch :j— 51 : 14. O.E. an appears as o 32.24, etc.
before consonants; as on 92.31, one 90.5, before vowels and h.

(c) Adverbs and conjunctions. O.E. eal-swa is usually as 2.23,
etc., less frequently also 2.22, etc., als 6.28, etc.; an ' and ' 8.21.

II. CONSONANTS.

§ 38. Inorganic p appears between m and n in nempned (p. p.)
4.17, dampne (inf.) 13.32.

§ 39. O.E. b. Medial -bb- is retained in libben (inf.) 83.2,29,
and in forms of habban : for examples see § 71.

§ 40. O.E. w.

O.E. cw- is written qu- : quene 39.24, quakeden (pt. pi.) 47.31.
O.E. initial hw is written wh : which 2.8, etc., who 24.16, etc., who so
13.34, etc., what 16.11, etc. O.E. initial sw remains generally in
swich, see § 33, but is lost in suster 36.8, etc. (5 X), sustren 44.7,
72.23.

§ 41. O.E. t is assimilated to s in blissed (p. p.) 3.5, and inserted
in biheste 26.28.

Samaritane 35.15, 65.19, but Samarithane(s) 15.16, etc. (6 x);
Tyberye 17.21, etc. (3x), but Thybery 'Tiberias,' 48.11; Thahor
' Tabor ' 26.21 ; Sathan{as) ' Satan ' 10.31, 34.20. An aspirated
pronunciation of t seems to be indicated by the spelling -th, especially
in the combination jth : (n)ou^th 2.23, etc., arijth 1.13, alijth (pt. sg.)
2.3, mi$thten (pt. pi.) 18.26, wi^th 24.22, Uhiyth (pt. sg.) 41.30.

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§ 42. O.E. d.

O.E. d is lost in an ' and ' 8.21, ansuere (sb.) 8.11, etc.

Inorganic d appears in inderlich 18.22, 28.31, Simond(e) 11.23,
etc., ponder 83.24.

O.E. d > p in burpe 2.8, byrpe 4. § 3, heading, birpe 45.18 (O.E.
$ebyrd). The ]? in hundrep(es) 22.1, etc. (O.E. hundred), and in
tiping(es) 20.3, etc. (O.E. tidung) is due to Scand. influence. See
Bjorkman, Loan-words, p. 163.

§ 43. O.E. p remains as a rule. Written th in : wroth 14.25,
suithe 3.23, /orf* 12.17, deth 35.13, /or % 3.13; d for 1? in quod
(pt, sg.) 66.31 (otherwise quop 32.31, etc.), anufen (pt. pi.) 101.33
(otherwise cou]?en 106.3, etc.). p is frequently assimilated to t : pat
ton 15.39-40, atte ende 28.1, hastou (2 prs. sg.) 18.18.

§ 44. O.E. n.

Inorganic n is introduced in : folowenden (pt. pi.) 44. § 47, head-
ing, siwenden (pt. pi.) 69.8.

Final n is frequently lost in o (O.E. art) before consonants : o pmo
32.24, o day 66.8, o ston 84.13, etc., see § 37 (6).

O.E. on- is regularly weakened to a- : a-tnong(e) 8.11,12, a-mydde(s)
37.26, 92.21, a-loude 25.7, see § 36.

elhue 109. § 111, heading, 109.1, appears beside elleuene 111.26
(O.E. endleofan).

The absence of n in wymme 52.6 is most likely a scribal error.

§ 45. O.E. I. as, als, also (O.E. eal-swa) are all used frequently,
as prevailing. Cf. § 37.

§ 46. O.E. pal. 5 is usually written 5 : a^eins 7.14, jiftes 82.8,
jefcfert (inf.) 9.37, $eme 35.19, 3enZe (sb.) 90.25, 31/ 10.22, 3e c yea '
25.19, je (pron.) 7.15, jellande (prs. p.) 21.32, forjeten (pt. pi.) 52.15,
(p.p.) 52. § 56, heading, 3a/ (pt. sg.) 1.11, etc.; (for-)^iue(n) (inf.)
9.15, etc., for^iuep (prs. sg.) 43.28, 51'we (1 prs. sg.) 72.2, jiue (prs. pi.)
36.28, $iue (imp. sg.) 15.33, 59.21, for^iuenesse 60.16, see § 26;
$eue (inf.) 70.27, jeue (2 pt. sg.) 32.35, jeue (pt. opt. sg.) 15.22,
40.26, jeue (pt. opt. pi.) 94.23, $euen (pt. pi.) 33.26, 47.10. Analo-
gically for stop g : golden (pt. opt. pi.) 18.18.

Double forms with 3 and g : 3ate(s) 30.26,107.10, gate 64.18,21.

Forms with g : bigynnen (inf.) 85.4, bigynnep (3 prs. sg.) 75. § 81,
heading; 87. § 95, heading.

O.E. pal. cj is not infrequently written gg : bigge(n) ■ to buy '

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(inf.) 6.26, etc. (5 X ), bugge (inf.) 15.14 ( 1 inf.), 88.18 ; ligge ' to lie,
remain ' (inf.) 35.14. O.E. lec^(e)an appears as leye (inf.) 5.9 (once
only), but legge(n) (inf.) 17.30, etc. (3x); O.E. sec^(e)a7i appears as
seiep (imp. pi.) 79.2, seien (prs. pi. due to analogy) 79.4, seyen (inf.)
9.27, sate (inf.) 45.8, sayen (prs. pi. due to analogy) 79.6 [sei, sey- :
sai-, say- :: 3 : 2], but seggen (inf.) 32.33, seggep (imp. pi.) 31.19,
sigge(n) (inf.) 29.9, etc., siggep (imp. pi.) 65.11, sugge (inf.) 40.25; etc.
[sigg- : segg- : sugg- :: 13 : 5 : 3]. Cf. Morsb. § 109.4.

O.E. strencp, strenjp (Siev. Gr.3 § 215) give strenkpe 47.23, strenkpen
(inf.) 64.35, beside the regular strengpe 20.22.

§ 47. O.E. c.

O.E. micel, mycel is regularly mychel 2.22, etc., myhel 28.18, etc.
(5 X), once mikel 50.23, muche 6.31.

O.E. ilea (dem. pron.) is regularly (p)ilk 17.3, etc. (19 x), once
only ihh 41.7.

O.E. jelic (adj.) is liche 66.26, 82.10.

O.E. pencan : bipenken (inf.) 52.21, pinhe (inf.) 101.27, penchep
(imp.) 54.29. [it : eh = 5 : 5].

Note. — Capharnaym 19.9, etc. (6 X), Chaphamaym 17.3, etc.
(4 X ) ; Chana 17.1, Chananens (gen. sg.) 50. § 52, heading.

§ 48. O.E. x written 5, is lost in (be-)pouth (pt. sg.) 3.6,36.

§ 49. Inorganic h in hended (p. p.) 28.6. Loss of h in is ' his '
14.16, 80.18,19, and regularly in it 1.24, etc.

§ 50. Metathesis : prust (O.E. purst) 15.30, etc. (3 X ), nelren
(O.E. ellen, ellern) 95.1, tobraste (pt. sg.) 100.6, tobrusten (pt. pi.)
lOOY

O.E. dscian appears in two forms : generally asked (pt. sg.) 35.1,
but not infrequently axed(e) (pt. sg.) 21.21, etc.

For brenne (inf.) 61.8, brennande (prs. p.) 106.35. Scand. influence
is assumed, see Bjorkman, Loan-words, p. 182.

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III. FLEXION.

A. Nouns.

§ 51. Genitive. No case-ending appears in : her fader comaunde-
ment 63.19.. Abraham sones 55.29, Herodes stiward kokes wyf 33.16,
J?e temple Salomon 79.23, nji/t AaZ/ (?od 94.11, and further in by

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xxxiv Introduction

ni^th time 13.20 (cf. by ny^ttes tyme 92.12, 101.6), wip goode hert
wille 36.30-31 (cf. wip goode wille of kerte 49.28). Full ending in :
sonenday 77. § 82, heading, tiwesday 86.8, wedenysday 86. § 94, head-
ing, wedenesday 86.26, bride ale 23.30-31. Cf. bridale 23.32.

Note. — jeue hym haluendel pe heritage 40.26, pe haluendel hys
kingdom 45.23.

§ 52. Plural. Several weak nouns retain the O.E. plural in -n :
oxen 12.28, ei^en 32.17, etc., hosen 33.23, scheten 102.26,28, eren
51.5.

The -n plural has been adopted in culueren 12.28, lambren 110.15,
schone 33.23, breperen 44.7, sustren 44.7, schuldren 97.24, children
1.24, etc. (once childer 97.14), treen (once only) 53.7, honden 20.8,
etc. (8 x), but hondes 37.4, etc. (5 x), handes 97.9, hende 21.11
(O.N. hendr).

§ 53. Strong neuters without plural ending : swyn(e) 22.3,5,9,
scheep 46.19, pritti winter 8.29, two jere 7.29-30.

B. Adjectives and Adverbs.
§ 54. The O.E. ending of the ace. sing, remains in haluendel
(O.E. healfan dad) 40.26, 45.23.

§ 55. Comparatives and superlatives with i-mutation : elder
110.23, eldest 99.1, lenger (adv.) 91.4. Double comparative : nerrer
(adv.) 69.19, ferrer (adv.) 106.27.

C. Numerals.
§ 56. The O.E. difference in gender between twejen and twa is
not kept up : two blynde men 71.15-16, two opere deciples 109.18,
tuo dayes 16.25, tueye schippes 17.23, tweie swerdes 88.21 ; used
independently : two 11.17, 60.21, 76.2, tweie 33.20 (2 X ), 71.24, 81.6,
85.23.

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§ 57. Ordinals : first 12.22, secounde 75. § 81, heading, pridde 13.10,
fierpe 73.14, 85.18, sexte 75.6, 87. § 95, heading, twelfpe 5.34, tueluepe
112.36, fourtipe ( < O.E. feowerteopa ' fourteenth ') 111.3, ei^ttenep
108.12, prittide ( < O.E. prit{t)i^opa) 10.13.

The cardinal is used for the ordinal in pe sex nionep 2.31-32,
pe eiytte day 4.10, 5.31.

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D. Pronouns.

§ 58. Personal. O.E. ic appears as ich, (jch) 51 X , j 14 X .
O.E. Mo is represented by sche throughout, O.E. hit by it. O.E.
Mere (g. d. sing, fern., also used as possessive and reflexive), appears
regularly as hir(e) 3.3, 2.31, etc. (70 x), once hyre 3.3, but hure 3.4,
3.35. The reflexive form is invariably hir(e) 2.29, 3.7, etc. (7 X ).

The 3 person nom. pi. is hij 15.11, etc., less frequently pai, pay
1.24, 4.30, etc., pei, pey 4.17, etc. [hij :pai, -ay, -ei, -ey : : 6-5 : 1],

The 3 person dat. ace. pi. is regularly hem 5.11, etc., but pern
11.21, etc. (11 X ). The 3 person dat. ace. sg. is regularly hym
2.5, etc., but hem 2.28, etc. (11 x).

§ 59. Possessive. O.E. min. Final -n occasionally remains before
other consonants than h : myne feete 33.5, myne sones 89.19, myne
deciples 89.22-23, myne wordes 112.10, myne dedes 112.10.

The 3 person sing. fern, is hir(e) 3.30, 33.12, etc. (30 X), her(e)
3.27,28, etc. (8 X), once hur 3.19.

The 3 person sing. masc. is regularly his 2.7, etc., but hise (plur.)
12.23, etc. (11 x ), and 85.32,34, used independently.

The 3 person pi. is regularly her 5.10, etc., but hir(e) 42.21,
97.14; used independently : hires 26.30, hiren 27.7, here 14.9, heren
30.10.

§ 60. Demonstrative. The def. article is regularly pe 2.6, etc.,
but pee 86, footnote, po 2.18.

O.E. pes, peos, pis appear in the sing, regularly as pis 7.11, etc.,
but pes 3.7. The pi. is pise 8.25, etc. (14 X ).

§ 61. Relative and interrogative.

Masc. sing. nom. : who 24. 18, etc. ; dat. ace. : wham 33.7, etc.
(7 X), whom 7.14, 11.31; gen. : wlrns 80.16, etc. (3 X).

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Neut. sing. nom. ace. : what 26.5, etc.
For swich, suich, schuich, see above, § 33.1.

§ 62. O.E. self. As adjective : pat day self 105.19, pylk selue
tyme, 41.26, pe selue houre 17.18; preceded by a personal pronoun :
him self 11.5, Mr self 24.14, hire self 5.6, hem self (pi.), 30.1, etc.
(5 X), hem seluen (pi.) 22.6, etc. (4 X); preceded by a poss. pro-
noun : my self 36.9, oure self 16.27.

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E. Verbs.

1. Strong Verbs.
§ 63. Class I.

abiden (inf.) 90.28, abiden (pt.pl.) 2,24; (a-)me(n) (inf.) 41.19,
43.17, 44.28, (a-)ros (pt. Bg.) 7.23, 45.2, arisen (pt. pi.) 90.10, risen
(p. p.) 90.15; dryuen (inf.) 12.1, (fro/ (pt. sg.) 12.31, dryuen (pt. pi.)
30.22, dryuen (p.p.) 39.30; rode (pt. sg.) 77.7, riden (p.p.) 76.5;
smyten (inf.) 91.36, swot (pt. sg.) 100.27, smott (pt. sg.) 91.37, etc.
(4 X ), smyten (pt. pi.) 93.35, smyten (p. p.) 28.26 ; wrot (pt. sg.) 4.16,
writen (p. p.) 4.30.

O.E. sti^an has steije (inf.) 41.31, stei^ (pt. sg.) 112.16, steijen
(p.p.) 5.22, but ystowen 112.23. Cf. Bjorknian, Loan-words p. 62,
note 1.

§ 64. Class II.

boden (p.p.) 79.28; bowje (inf.) 89.5, bowjeande (prs. p.) 21.27,
34.14, bowled (pt. sg.) 100.4; chesen (inf.) 62.7, ches (pt. sg.) 26.23,
33.19, chosen (pt. pi.) 96.8, chosen (p. p.) 26.26 ; fiei^e{n) (O.E. fleon,
Heogan), (inf.) 27.17, 40. § 42, heading, fleij (pt. sg.) 20.2, flowen
(pt. pi.) 22.7, otherwise weak forms : fledde (pt. sg.) 92.11, fledden
(pt. pi.) 92.8, fledd (p. p.) 38.11 ; forlesen (inf.) 83.15, forhrn{e) (p. p.)
63.11,13; altoclef (pt. sg.) 95.2.

§ 65. Class III.

bigynnen (inf.) 85.4, bigan ^pt. sg.) 3.29, bigunnen (pt. pi.) 26.4,
etc, (3X), (bi)gonnen (pt.pl.) 76.19, etc. (4 X); blonnen (pt.pl.
< O.E. blinnan to cease) 96.12; vnbynde (inf.) 42.25,27, bonde
(pt. sg.) 99.31, bounden (pt. pi.) 92.7, bonden (pt. pi.) 94.15, (y)bounden
(p.p.) 20.12, 42.28; clombe (pt. sg.) 70.18, chumben (pt.pl.) 22.31;
drinken (inf.) 15.29, dronke (pt. sg.) 15.30,31, dran& (pt. sg.) 87.18,
drunken (pt. pi.) 48.25, 111.16, dronken (pt. opt. pi.) 30.6, dronken
(p.p.) 12.18,20; fynde{n) (inf.) 5.17, 9.20, fonde (pt. sg.) 11.28,
12.27, founden (pt. pi.) 22.10, etc. (3 x),founden (p. p.) 6.8, yfounde
(p. p.) 20.21 ; jelden (inf.) 9.37, 32.29, <$alde (pt. sg.) 47.8, etc. (6 X ),
jolde (pt. sg.) 34.24, golden (pt. pi.) 80.18; ran (pt. sg.) 70.18, runnen
(pt.pl.) 58.12, ronnen (pt.pl.) 22.7; syngen (inf.) 76.19, sungen
(pt.pl.) 77.24; stank (pt. sg.) 74.7, stunken (pt.pl.) 82.11; stonge
(pt. sg. < O.E. stingan) 108.19; tobraste (pt. sg.) 100,6, tobrusten
(pt.pl.) 100.7; wonde (pt. sg.) 5.6, 101.10, wounden (p.p.) 102.26,
ywounde 92.9 ; ywonnen (p. p. < O.E. winnan) 85.25.

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§ 66. Class IV.

lere(n) (inf.) 2.8, 44.28, bare (pt. sg.) 12. § 11, heading, bare
(pt. opt. sg.) 42.14, 45.6, bere (pt. opt. sg.) 42.13, beren (pt. pi.)
12.17, 18.22, borne (p.p.) 3.18, etc. (9 X), yborne 60.13, 104.20,
ybore 5.36, 13.26; fere^e(») (inf.) 41.3, 100.23, (to-)brake (pt. sg.)
18.2, 47.9, 106.31, 110.7, brak 107.5, &re/cera (pt.pl.) 100.25,26;
come (inf.) 2.10, (bi-)com (pt. sg.) 1.6,9,14, comen (pt. pi.) 16.9,
come(n) (p.p.) 2.20, 3.35, ycome(n) 5.37, 104.20; (by-)nymen (inf.)
60.14, 63.25, 67.16, &ym/me (inf.) .91.2, name (pt. sg.) 20.8, etc.
(13 X), byname (pt. sg.) 112.18, vndernam(e) (pt. sg.) 40.13, etc.
(5 X), wipname (pt. sg.) 61.9, but worn (pt. sg.) 31.1, nomen (pt. pi.)
12.17, 95.3, 97.15, wipnomen (pt. opt. pi.) 64.30-31, nomen (o. p.)
72.13, etc. (4 X); stale (pt. sg.) 75.18. stelen (pt.opt.pl.) 101.30,
ystole (p. p.) 102.21.

§ 67. Class V.

bidde (inf.) 50.15, bad (pt. sg.) 4.4, etc., badd (pt. sg.) 46.4, etc.,
badde (pt. sg.) 47.32, etc., bede (pt. sg.) 48.2, once only, beden (pt. pi.)
46.23, etc., baden (pt. pi.) 76.28, 94.7, badden (pt. pi.) 39.8, 103.12,
ybeden (p.p.) 62.7; ete(n) (inf.) 37.9, 48.30, ete (pt. sg.) 37.8, eten
(pt. pi.) 48.25, yeten (p. p.) 48.19 ; {for-)^iue(n) (inf.) 23.8, 46.26,
etc., 5^/ (inf.) 15.18, jeue (inf.) 70.27, once only, 5a/ (pt. sg.) 1.6,
etc., ^euen (pt. pi.) 47.10, etc., jouen\ (pt.pl.) 62.5, etc. (3 X), jeue
(pt. opt. sg.) 15.23, etc. (3x), jawe (pt. opt. sg.) 68.15, jeiie (pt.
opt. pi.) 94.23, for-^ouen (pt. opt. pi.) 60.29, $ouen (p. p.) 4.18,
etc. (10 X ), for-jiuen (p. p.) 23.1, etc. (4 x ) ; for^eten (pt. pi.) 52.15,
(p. p.) 52. § 56, heading; ligge (inf.) 35.14, lay (pt. sg.) 72.21 ; seen(e)
(inf.) 27.5, etc., sene (inf.) 12.3, see (inf.) 14.24, se (inf.) 12.3, sei^
(pt. sg.) 11.25, etc., sei^e (pt. sg.) 94.29, sayh^{e) (pt. sg.) 11.9, 44.23,
sau^e (pt. sg.) 22.34, sei^en (pt. pi.) 5.25, etc., sei^en (p. p.) 1.15, etc.
(4 X ), yseijen (p. p.) 25.26, etc. (3 X ), yseije 16.27, 104.15, yseye 5.27,
5.36, 105.4, {y)seen(e) 31.19, 101.19, etc. (10 X); sitten (inf.) 12.29,
etc. (4 X), sytten (inf.) 51.29, 69.25, satt (pt. sg.) 15.13, 36.6, seten
(pt. pi.) 22.25, etc. ; speke{n) (inf.) 2.25, 48.29, etc., spak(e) (pt. sg.)
8.17, 21.3, etc., speken (pt. pi.) 5.23, etc., (y)spoken (p. p.) 18.21,
54.9, etc., once yspeke (p. p.) 48.27.

§ 68. Class VI.

drawe (inf.) 15.25, 83.28, drawen (inf.) 62.3, draw$en (inf.) 109.26,
t See Bjorkman, Loan-words, p. 86.

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xxxviii Introduction

drou$ (pt. sg.) 91.37, 110.4, drawjen ( ? pt. pi.) 82.8, drawjen (p. p.)
100. § 101, heading; laujen (inf.) 32.4, Zawje (inf.) 75.16, louden
(pt.pl.) 97.19, 99.2, fcmwfew (pt.pl.) 64.6 ; /orsafce (inf.) 57.11, 89.29,
forsaken (inf.) 90.1, etc. (4x), forsoolce (pt. sg.) 33.29, forsaken
(pt. pi.) 62.20, forsaken (p. p.) 66.10, 68.30 ; schoken (pt. pi. <0.B.
sc(e)acan) 98.32; sleen (inf.) 86.11, s?ee (inf.) 15.2, 54.11,18, slen
(inf.) 7.22, etc. (3 X), sle (inf.) 7.28,34, shu$ (pt. sg.) 41.32, slow^en
(pt. pi.) 67.8, slayn (p. p.) 15.1, etc. (4 X ), sleyn (p. p.) 40.16, yslaw$e
(p.p.) 57.4, 74.28; vnder-stonde(n) (inf.) 43.21,22, stode (pt. sg.) 2.4,
etc., stoden (pt. pi.) 5.12, etc. (12 X ), vnder-stoden (pt. pi.) 43.25,
44.16, stooden (pt.pl.) 21.30; swore (pt. sg. <0.E. swerian) 45.21;
(bi-)take (inf.) 7.19, etc. (10 X ), taken (inf.) 12.16, etc. (6 X ), tok
(pt. sg.) 10.26, toke (pt. sg.) 7.23, took (pt. sg.) 58.29, etc., tooke
(pt. sg.) 99.30, token (pt. pi.) 64.20, etc. (5 X ), tooken (pt.pl.) 37.3,
etc. (5 X), teken (opt. pi.) 27.32, {y-)taken 35.12, 70.29, etc.

O.E. weaxan, wascan appear as reduplicated verbs : wex (pt. sg.)
4.24, etc., vnwex (pt. sg.) 14.18, wexen (pt. pi.) 19.3; wasschen (inf.)
55.39, etc. (3 X ), wasche (inf.) 37.30, wasshe (inf.) 17.25, wesch(e)
(pt. sg.) 35.16, 97.9, wessken (pt.pl.) 12.13, 49. § 51, heading,
weschen (pt. pi.) 49.11, (vn-)was{s)chen (p. p.) 49.10, etc. (4 X).

§ 69. Class VII.— Reduplicated Verbs.

O.E. dntdan, rcedan appear only with weak forms : dredd(e)
(pt. sg.) 15.4, etc. (4 x), dradde (pt. sg.) 7.34, dredden (pt. pi.) 15.1,
a-dradd{e) (p. p.) 5.12, etc. (5 X ), a-drad (p. p.) 3.6, 73.8; a-rede (inf.)
93.36, redd(e) (pt. sg.) 18.18, 79.19, redden (pt. pi.) 98.12, redde (p. p.)
37.8.

Also O.E. sceadan : schadde (pt. sg.) 13.1, yschadde (p. p.) 82.16.

O.E. blawan : blew (pt. sg.) 21.24.

O.E. feallan : {M-)falte{n) (inf.) 7.12, 97.34, 98.31, (bi-)fel (pt. sg.)
7.16, 8.5,fellen (pt. pi.) 6.16, fallen (p. p.) 37.31.

O.E. healdan: holde(n) (inf.) 21.30, 40.30, (bi-), (by-), {wip-)held(e)
(pt. sg.) 1.20, 5.29, 24.23, 55.16, bi-heeld (pt. sg.) 78. § 84, heading
(once only), holde (pt. sg.) 8.24 (once only), (bi-)helden (pt. pi.)
18.22, 37.28, etc., heelden (pt. pi.) 91.35 (once only), holden (p. p.)
20.21, etc.

O.E. hatan: hote (inf.) 11.27, 13.6, (bi-)M^th (pt. sg.) 1.21, 6.32,
etc., hiyte (pt. sg.) 2.33, bi-hett (pt. sg.) 31.29, etc. (3 x ), heet{e)
(pt. sg.) 87.18, 89.12, hijthten (pt. pi.) 104.21, bi-heten (pt. pi.) 86.18,
yhoien (p. p.) 111.20, bi-hoten (p. p.) 1.17.

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(J O.

O.E. Aow : hengen (inf.) 100.20, &en#e (pt. sg.) 95.1, 100.6, kengen
(pt. pi.) 98.8, 100.25.

O.E. heawan : hewe (pt. opt. sg.) 42.11.

O.E. hleapan : lep(e) (pt. sg.) 99.30, 102.20, lepen (pt. pi.) 22.5,
49.3, lopen (pt. pi.) 21.33, 46.15.

O.E. I'Man: lete(n) (inf.) 15.28, 51.22, etc., lete (pt. sg.) 35.13,
etc. (6 X ), leten (pt. pi.) 22.33, etc. (5 X ), leten (p. p.) 4.1, etc., ylete
101.15.

O.E. sawan: sew(e) (pt. sg.) 43.5,8, ~\ siwe (pt. sg.) 43.10, so wen
(p. p.) 83.10.

O.E. slcepan : slepe (inf.) 36.23, slepe (pt. sg.) 73.5, slepen (pt. pi.)
43.9, 104.21, a-slepe (p. p.) 21.18.

O.E. wepan : wepe{n) (inf.) 30.31, 32.4, wepe (pt. sg.) 103.24.30,
weep (pt. sg.) 103.21.

2. Weak Verbs.

§ 70. The O.E. suffixal i{^) appears in all forms of O.E. byr{i)^an :
buryen (inf.) 95.6, burieden (pt. pi.) 45.32, yburyed (p. p.) 73.37,
yburied (p.p.) 101.20; it is further retained in for-weryed (p.p.)
91.7, heri^eden (pt. pi. < O.E. herian) 31.34, rotten (inf.) 42.5, warny
(inf. < O.E. w(e)arnian) 42.7.

To O.E. clcepan belong cladde (pt. sg.) 95.29, cladden (pt. pi.)
96.14, 97.22, cladde (p. p.) 96.21, ycladde (p. p.) 22.11, 103.5.
For'bistadde (p. p.) 47.25, see Bjdrkman, Loan-words, p. 21.

§ 71. O.E. habban usually appears with geminated forms :
habbe(n) (inf.) S0.29, etc. (12 X), habbe (1 sg. prs.) 21.1, 72.7, habbep
(prs.pl.) 27.7, etc. (6 X), habbep (imp.pl.) 57.33, habben (prs.pl.)
63.22, 81.1, 94.14.

O.E. libban appears as Ubben (inf.) 83.2, 83.29.

For geminated forms of O.E. secjan, bycjan, licjan, lecjan see § 46.

3. Flexional Endings.
§72.

1 sg. ind. aske 32.30, 94.9, bileue 58.24, bitake 100.3, drink 32.7,
habbe 21.1, 72.7, haue 23.7, etc. (6 x), honoure 83.22,23, lew 32.30,
lyfte 9.32, rede 38.2, saie 89.20, seie 56.32, segge 11.16, sigge 29.16,
see 15.39, sende 107.26, telle 33.5, etc. (4 X), yiue 72.2.

2 sg. ind. -(e)st(e) : affiest 99.6, ansuerest{ou) 96.32, bihotest 48.36,

•f ? Influenced by O.E. siw{i)an, to sew.

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bileeuest 58.23, greuest 57.8, Tiaste 3.22, etc. (6 X ), hast 41.9, hast(ou)
8.18, frewes* 108.22, leuest(ou) 12.1, letest{ou) 7.3, sees<(ow) 32.33, seisf
48.37, 72.9, seist(ou) 94.12, gfeert 82.19, stones* 82.19, to&esi 59.20.

3 sg. ind. -{e)p : betep 36.21, comep 14.2, cr&J? 36.21, despisep
34.3,4, (fop 14.3, etc. (3 X), dope 11.10, etc. (4 x), drynkep 32.6,
etep S2.5,fallep 28.5, oep 11.19, Aap 3.18, etc. (9 x ), heijep 66.33,
leuep 13.34, Zi^eJ? 23.38, makep 23.34, multipliep 83.11,12, resceyuep
34.2,3, sa*> 65.5, sei> 37.14, etc. (3 X ), semep 14.3, settep 12.20,
wawep 31.25, pankep 65.8.

1, 2, 3 s<?. swfej. : icn co»i 47.34-35, pou leue 82.24, defende 11.3,
prej]?e 65.7, Mpe 11.5, lohe (3 s#. t*np.) 68.8.

§ 73. Plural pres. ind. and subj.

The only examples of plur. pres. sicbj. are wrappe 59.18, ben 85.10.

The plur. pres. ind. ends -(e)n(e) : -ep : -e : — = 64 : 29 : 14 : 4.

-(e)n(e) : Sen 26.31, etc. {27 x), drynken 15.20, eten 15.20, $ro» 31.20,
habben 63.22, etc. (3x), Aaw 27.4, etc. (5x), heren
31.20, louen 7.15, seen 31.20, seene 41.19, setten 12.21,
siggen 41.22, wepen 26.31.

ep : bep 12.20, etc. (17 X ), habbep 27.7, ete. (6 X ), owe]? 65.12,
secftep 91.29, seggep 94.13, staaep 32.6,7, 41.20, wynewep 88.5.

-e : (1) with pronoun preceding : ansuere 94.9, contrarie 36.29,
haue 8.19, 9.38, knowe 9.34, Jeene 106.21, leue 94.8, swj^e

61.7, 5^e 36.28.
(2) with pronoun following : jugge 41.22, leue 16.26, 92.3, nyme

36.8, see 77.4, vnderstonde 48.37.

§ 74. Imperative plural.

The ending is regularly -(e)p, but -e or no ending when the pers.
pronoun follows : biddep 36.9, comaundep 47.34, gop 61.20, habbep
57.33, nauep 103.7, 107.15, Aerep 57.31, lelep 91.29, but toe 55.9,
seggep 31.19, siggep 65.11, seiep 79.2, seip 61.21, iVe pencnep 54.29,
wakep 85.9; do we so 57.25-26, goo we 73.10,11, ne haue $e 34.21-22,
see 3e 7.10, 97.13, Ne ^iue $e 49.26-27.

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§ 75. Infinitive -(e)n{e) : -e : — =1.65 : 1 : '04.

[-en : bileuen 1.9, tecnen 1.15, beren 2.8;
(e)n(e) -» -ne ; done 2.23, seene 31.9, sene 12.3;

l-n : &en 7.4, yon 4.27, sfen 7.22.
-e : come 2.10, note 2.8, knowe 1.7.

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iVofe : gretyn 2.20, warny 42.7.
iVo ending : 6e 2.12, do 9.14, dr*/n& 15.18, /yscA 18.11, <?o 17.9, 3*/
15.18.

§76. Present participle.
-(e)and(e) : -ende .' yn<7(e) = 65 : 7 : 13.

-(e)ani(e) : bowjeande 21.27, 34.14, wepeande 25.1, 30.30, cryeande

39.36, axande 8.16, herande 8.15, spekande 57.30, goande 105.§ 108,

heading, lokande 112.19, quakeand 24.25, phyn(e)and(e) 25.1,

30.30.

-ende : goende 19.13, houende 17.23, desputende 106.36, mournende

68.18-19.
-yng(e) : chascynge 20.24, prechynge 20.24, disputing 58.10, wepyng
105.10, fo%n# 112.18.
iVofe : (1) cryeng 96.12.

(2) obeisschaunt 60.18, a form borrowed from French.

§ 77. 2 sg. pret. ind.

(a) Weak : haddest 73.17,33, kissedest 33.2, seidest 99.7, soukedest
39.37.

(o) Strong : jeue 32.35.

§ 78. Plural preterite.

(a) Weak, -en : -e : - = 580 : 4 : 24.
-en ,* ansuereden 4.13, duelleden 5.4, hodden 4.17, kepten 5.10,

schewden 5.19, ponkedm 5.20.
-e; fotide 1.24, etc. (3 X ), wenie 56.28.
iVo ending : asked 13.7, tewed 13.28, Aoid 5.26, senf 81.17, fanW 5,30.

(6) &«>«£. -en : -e : - = 343 : 2 : 1.
-en : fceren 12.16, comen 5.19, eten 23.20, helden 38.25, nomen 12.17,
stoden 30.33, smyten 93.35, sungen 77.24, hijthten 104.21.

iVo/e : comon 43.18, footnote, noman 72.5.
-e : arise 106.37, come 48.11.
No ending : com y>e J ewes 4.10-11.

§ 79. Past participle -en : n(e) = 16 : 11.
-en : beden 2.6, bihoten 1.8, founden 94.22, yeomen 5.37, yseijen

25.26.
-n(e) : ben 8.11, borne 3.17, ycfom? 55.11, ygon 25.23.
-e : a-slepe 21.18, aknowe 24.17.
2Vo ending .• agroo 31.24, y&e 10.18, etc. (3 x), ydo 91.14, 101 20-

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xlii Introduction

The prefix y- (once written i in ileide 103.33) occnrs 204 x , but
this represents only one-third of the cases where it might have
occurred.

§ 80. Preterite Presents.

(a) Indie. 1 sg. wot 73.18, 3 sg. wott 85.6, plur. we witen 48.37,
witen 5e 61.9, wite je 8.20; imp. sg. wite 3.18, plur. wite ^e 66.31,
witep 103.8 ; inf. witen 16.15, etc. (4 X ), wite 5.17, 66.5, wyte 7.21 ;
pret. sg. wiste 13.18, wist 13.21, wyst 110.20, plur. wisten 2.26, etc.
(8 X),wysten 110.11, 112.25.

By fusion with the negative adverb ne, the pret. plur. becomes
nysten 8.10, etc. (8 X ), once nyst 16.18.

(b) Indie, plur. owep 65.12; pret. sg. au^tte 2.23, etc. {3 X).

(c) Pret. sg. coupe 54.8, plur. coupen 81.9, 106.3, coupe 52.1 1
74.26, couden 101.33.

(d) Pret. sg. purte 6.2.

(e) Pret. sg. durst 23.1, plur. dursten 30.1, etc. (4 x).
(/) Indie. 1 sg. schal 83.23, 2 sg. schalt 12.3, 3 sg. schal 3.15,

plur. schullen 7.12, etc. (28 x), schollen 7.13, schullep 85.4; pret.
sg. schulde 3.10, etc. (13 X ), schold(e) 3.9,13, etc. (10 x ), plur.
schulden 8.8, etc. (125 x), schulde 5.17, etc. (16 X), scholden 1.8,
etc. (16 X), scholde 6.9, etc. (3 x), schuld 86.8, sulden 111.12.

(g) Indie. 3 sg. may 3.20, plur. mowen 67.16; inf. mowen 111.15,
etc. (3 x), mowje 65.2, 78.17, mowe 89.19; pret. sg. mi^th 1.15,
my^th 21.30, plur. my^tten 22.16, etc. (25 x), mi^tten 13.12, etc.
(11 X), mi^th 8.13, etc. (3 x), mi^thten 9.14, 18.26, my^ten 95.34.

(h) Pret. sg. moste 8.21, etc. (7 x ), plur. mosten 27.10, etc. (3 x ).

§ 81. Anomala.

O.E. wesan, beon : Indie. 1 sg. am 10.12, 2 sg. art 10.11, twice
arte 56.31, 3 sg. is 1.3, plur. ben 26.31, etc. (27 X ), hep 12.20, etc.
(17 x.), be 26.29,30, aren 54.29, etc. (5 x); subj. sg. be 3.22, plur.
ben 85.10; imp. plur. bep 85.4; inf. be 2.12, etc. (110 x ), ben 7.4,
etc. (36 X); pret. sg. regularly was 1.1, etc., but were 55.14, etc.
(5 x); opt. sg. regularly were 55.17, etc., but weren 29.26; pret.
plur. regularly weren 5.12, etc., but were 5.37, etc. (17 X); opt.
plur. regularly weren 41.14, but were 21.21.

By fusion with the negative adverb tie: nis 1.16, footnote,
nys 11.31, nas 5.8, nere 16.16, neren 85.17.

O.E. willan ; Indie. 1 sg. wil 28.11, 2 sg. wilt 28.10, 3 sg. toil
S3 $

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Introduction xliii

42.25, wyl 3.20, plur. wil %e 48.33, etc. (3 X); pret. sg. wolde 21.8,
plur. regularly wolden 19.5, but wolde 20.21.

By fusion with ne the pret. plur. becomes nolden 32.4, etc. (5 X ),
nolde 17.7.

O.E. don: Indie. 3 sg. dope 11.10, etc. (4 X), dop 13.38, etc.
(3 x); imp. sg. do 113.5, vn-do 53.8, plur. do we so 57.25-26; inf.
done 2.23, etc. (51 X ), don 8.6, 18.28, do 3.20, etc. (26 X ), mys-do
64.32, vn-do 12.3, 43.19; pret. sg. regularly dude 7.21, but vn-dede
43.19, plur. duden 18.31, etc. (18 X ), dude 76.27, dyden 28.1, (Men
40,5, vn-deden 6.17, mys-deden 60.15, 64.31.

O.E. gran; Indie. 3 sg. gep 11.19, plur, </ow 31.20; imp. sg. goo
10.31, etc. (4 X), #o 65.6, plur. goo we 73.10,11, gop 61.20; inf.
gon 21.37, etc. (23 x), go 17.9, etc. (11 x), goo 33.22, 53.24; pret.
sg. jede 6.13, plur. $eden 11.19.

§ 82. T/ie Dialect.

The dialect, though by no means pure, is in the main a Southern
variety of East Midland. This is most clearly shown by the end-
ings of the present indicative : 1, 2, 3 sing, indie, regularly end in
-e, -(e)st(e), -(e)p § 72, while the plur. indie, has -{e)n(e) 64 x , -ep 29 X
§ 73. It is true that the pres. part. -(e)ande : ende : yng(e) = 65 : 7 : 13,
§ 76, points to a North Midland or West Midland origin, but though
the ending -ande is chiefly found in the North and West, " it also
occurs frequently in the Norfolk Gilds (Schultz, p. 36 ft.), in Cap-
grave's works and occasionally in the Paston Letters and other
Eastern documents (cf. Dibelius, Anglia, xxiv. p. 255 § 301a)."
The pret. of weak verbs regularly retains personal endings both
in the sing, and plur. §§ 77, 78. The prefix y- frequently appears
in the past. part. § 79, and 9 different nouns have adopted the
-n plur. § 52. The genitive ending is 5 times lacking, but on the
other hand there are 5 cases in which the inflection is fully kept,
e. g. sonenday, etc., § 51, and in haluendel § 54, the O.E. ending of
the ace. sing, is retained. With regard to pronouns, though the
Northern form sche ' she ' appears throughout the text § 58, the
Southern forms ich, hij, hem, greatly predominate over the Northern
j, pai, pern § 58. O.E. g is regularly written i (y), though the old
sound, written u, is sometimes retained, and a few e- forms occur
§§ 8, 15. O.E. So appears as e, ee §§ 19, 28. non-W.S. e, W.S. £
appear shortened as e, also a, § 69, dredde, dradde. Isolated examples
of peculiarly South Midland forms are quop and quod § 3 (a), see
Morsb. § 96.

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xliv Introduction

Characteristic Southern features appear in § 69 dradde (pt. sg.)
7.34, a-dradde{e) {p. p.) 5.12, etc. (5 X ), a-drad (p. p.) 3.6, 73.8,
suppe(n) § 23, habben, libben, etc., § 71, seggep, siggep, sugge, etc.,
§ 46, and in the retention of the O.E. suffixal 2(3) in all forms of
O.E. byr(i)^an ; also in for-weryed, heri^eden, rotien and warny
§70.

More Northerly are the plur. indie, aren 54.29, etc. (5 X ), the
prep, fro 10.17, 57.8 (cf. fram 17.19, etc. (5 X ), the retention of
the O.E. a in haly 37.8, wham 33.7, etc. (7 x ), whas 80.16, etc.
(3 x ) and of Angl. lengthened a (W.S. Kent, ea) in baldlich 19.9,
29.30, $alde (pt. sg.) 47.8, etc. (6 x ). It is also shown in the
spelling moist § 9 and in the use of the following loanwords : gresse
§ 3 (a) ; pifte § 29 ; felawes, mandatives pouj § 31 ; hundrep, tiping
§ 42 ; caste § 1 ; hende § 2 (b) ; bistadde § 70. The Scandinavian
element is, however, inconsiderable compared with the rich store
of borrowings from French. See pp. xv-xviii, Evidence of a French
Source.

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RELATION OF THE HARMONY TO THE
CANONICAL GOSPELS

In one kind of Gospel Harmony the several accounts of the four
Evangelists are woven into a continuous narrative, while in the other
the text of the Gospels is arranged in parallel columns, the
corresponding sections being placed side by side.

The first kind is the more primitive. It dates back as far as
c. 160 A.i)., when Tatian wrote his famous Diatessaron. The
Pepysian Harmony is also a Sia reo-crdpiDv, the aim of its compiler —
or compilers — being to present the life of Christ i*ecorded in the four
Gospels as an organic whole, set forth in the simplest language
possible. Little therefore is omitted, little is added, and the
deviations from the text of the original are mostly verbal and always
in the direction of greater simplicity.

Omissions. — The genealogies of Christ, for instance, are omitted
as irrelevant ; also S. Luke's preface to Theophilus and most of
S« Matthew's quotations from the Old Testament.

Deviations. — Deviations from the original have generally been
made either for the sake of brevity or clearness.

Some of the discourses and parables are so briefly summarised as
to be hardly recognisable. The whole of the discourse contained in
Ioh. viii, 12-58, for example, is represented by these few words : —
And po bigan Jesus to prone pat he was Goddes son, and pat hij weren
pe deuels children, and nouyt Abraham sones (55.27-29).

The parable of the labourers in the vineyard (cf. Mt. xx, 1-16) is
reduced to -.—And panne tolde Jesus hem an ensaumple of a man pat
brouith werk men in to his vyner. And he paied hem pat comen late
raper, Sf als mykel ^af hem as hem pat comen first (69.2-6).

Occasionally, as in the account of the marriage feast of the king's
son (cf. Mt. xxii, 1-15), the summary is incomplete : — And sipen
tolde hem Jesus pe pridde tale of a kyng pat helde his sones fest.
And po pat he hadde bod-en to pe fest, chidden and slow^en his
seruaunt$ whan hij comen after hem (79.26-29).

In the case of such well-known canticles as the Benedicttis and

xlv

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xlvi Introduction

the Magnificat, eitliev the first few words .are given, or the canticle
is merely referred to by name : — Benedict us Dominus Deus Israel
(4.20) ; po ansuered Marie Sf ponked God and seide pe psalme of
Magnificat al out (3.31-32) : similarly with the Pater noster — which
Jesus bad his disciples say cntentifiich § u'ip goode wille (36.18-19).

Throughout his work, the Harmonist aims at presenting the
Gospel story as clearly and simply as possible ; anything that might
be unfamiliar is generally explained either by definition or homely
parallel.

Explanation by definition, — The Pharisees are described as pe folk
of religioun in pat tyme (9.6) ; the publicans as pe hepene bayliues
seruauntj (9.17) ; the Samaritans as those pat in on half iceren Jewes
§■ in anoper half hij weren pay ens (15.10-11); the centurion as
conestuble ouer an hundrep kniyttes (100.9); and a legion as that
which amounted sex pousande and sex hundrep and sexti and sex
(22.1-2).

Explanation by homely jwraWeZs. — Even more characteristic than
the tendency to define, is the habit of replacing Biblical words and
phrases by more homely equivalents. S. John the Baptist did not
eat 'locusts and wild honey ' (Mt. iii, 4), but 'garlic and bryony' —
ramesones and wilde-nepes (9.4).

In the account of the marriage feast in Cana of Galilee, the stone
water-pots which held 'two or three firkins apiece' (lob., ii, 6) are
described as sexe boketcs pat pe gode man 4" al pe meigne loesshen of,
euerilch of pe mesure of pre galouns (12.12-13). It is also curious to
note that after pe gode man had tasted the water turned to wine, he
Bummoned, not the 'bridegroom' (Job. ii, 9), but the 'butler' — he
cleped pe bo tiler (12.19).

When Mary Magdalene recognised her newly-risen Lord in the
garden on Easter morning, she did not say 'Kabboni' (lobs xx, 16),
but she fel adoun to his feete and seide ' Ha ! Swete sir ' (103.36-37).

In another place we read that when Jesus, as He hung upon the
cross, sei$ his moder and John, his deeiple pat Tie loued so mychel,
stonde pere, Jhesus seide to his moder : ' Womman, loo ! pere pi son.'
And sipen he seide to seint John : ' Loo ! pere pi moder' And from
pat tyme fcn'pwardes seint John resceyued hire, and kepte Mr als his
moder (98.25-30) — kepte hir als his moder corresponds to the
Vulgate, 'accepit in sua' (lob, xix, 27).

A similar example is Christ's answer to the disciples' request that
they might call down fire from heaven to burn certain Samaritans

who had refused to receive Him. Jesus turned to the disciples and

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Introduction xlvii

said, not f Ye knoAV not what manner of spirit ye are of (Lc. ix, 55),
but ' Ne witen je nou^th hou je sclwlden here $ou swetelich fy soft ? '
(61.9-10).

It is evident that the Harmonist had a keen eye for the things of
earth as well as of heaven. He was not content to say ' all the
kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them' (Mt. iv, 8) : the glory
at once shaped itself into wodes fy feldes fy tounes (10.27-28).

As for the Pharisees, hij weren liche \>e graues pat ben daubed and
made fairs ivipouten, and stimken ivipinne (82.9-11) !

The Harmouist's habit of interpreting the past in terms of the life
of his own day is also shown in his treatment of words connected
with the Church.

The Jewish ' high priest ' (Vulgate ' pontifex,' ' priuceps
sacerdotum') is invariably rendered lriss(c)hop(p) (93.11, 21, 28;
94.1-2), genit. bisscliopes (92.14); the Passover, though usually
referred to as the fest of p>ask (13.16 etc.), is four times called
the fest{e) of ester, or estren (12.26; 75.1; 86.3; 87.1): hei^e
auter(e) is the name given both to the 'Holy of Holies' (100.6),
and to the 'altar of incense' (2.1), while euensong(e) tyme (21.14;
46.22; 100.30, etc.) is the regular expression for 'evening.' It is
interesting to note that the angel who, on the morning of the
Resurrection, appeared syttande (105.5) on pe ri^th half of pe
sepulchre (103.5) is described as being ycladde in a white chesible
(103.5-6) — a white 'chasuble,' as if he were a priest. The Vulgate
reading is : 'stola Candida' (Mc. xvi, 5).

Additions, — The Harmonist's additions to the Gospel story often
take the form of short phrases introduced for the sake of emphasis,
or explanation.

Additions for the sake of emphasis. — "We are told that Jesus
turned wel suetelich (55.23) towards the woman accused of adultery,
and that, after He had blessed His disciples, he kyssed hem alle
by and by : and amonges hem seeande vchone, he stei^ vp to heuene,
and tweie aungels on ilch syde of hym (11214-17).

The blind man whom Jesus had restored to sight on the Sabbatli,
when questioned by the indignant Pharisees, answered so swetelich
and so dignelich for Jesus sake, pat for pure jre hij dryuen
hym away (56.7-9).

After the cock had crowed S. Peter went out and wept, not only
wel sore (93,6), but also tenderlich1 (ib.).

1 Mandeville's Travels, Warner, G. F., Eoxburghe Club, 1889, p. 46, I. 33,
1 Et la est lo lieu (i. e. Mount Sion) ou seint Piere ploroit mult tendrement.'

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xlviii Introduction

When Jesus called ' Marie' she knew Him by his voice
(103.36).

Martha is not allowed to fall behind her sister Mary in devotion
to her Lord : she too fel to his feete (73.16) when she greeted Him
outside Bethany (cf. 73.31-32).

At the simultaneous coining of the gret erpe dyne (102.8) and the
angel with a visage ah rede as fyre (102.10), the keepers of the
sepulchre weren alle abaischt & fellen adoune for drede, ri^th als
pax Jiadden ben dede (102.12-13).

Another addition showing how vividly the Harmonist visualised
the Gospel story occurs when Jesus gyrde hym wip a totcayle, and
diide toatere in a bacyne, and sette hym on knees, $■ bigan to
wasschen her feete (i. e. the disciples') $ forto wipen hem (88.22-25).

The beggar Lazarus is described as a mesel who was not only ful
of sores (64.18), but also of vertnyne (ib.) . . . And noman ne
xaf hym nou$th, bot token pe houndes and bayted hym
from pe gate. And pe hon\ii\des conien and likheden his fete
(64.19-22).

Explanatory additions. — Not infrequently the addition takes the
form of a reason for something which the Gospels leave unexplained.
In the parable of the talents, for instance, the lord who set off to a
far country is said to go, as the Harmonist himself had probably gone,
in pilgrymage (85.19).

The saying of S. Thomas : — ' Goo ice now and dye wip oure
maister' (73.11) is explained by the words: — for why, he were
his frende pat yede wip hym wip his owene good wille a$ein
his enemyes (73.12-13).

Why did Herod clothe Jesus in a white clop when he and hia
men wanted to show their scorn? The Harmonist's reason may not
be the generally accepted one, but it is characteristically vigorous :
And po despised Heroude Jesu, and al his meynee, and cladde hym in
a white clop as he hadde ben a foole (95.28-30). Cf. Vulgate
' Sprevit autern ilium Herodes cum exercitu suo, et inlusit indutum
veste alba' (Lc. xxiii, 11).

When Jesus had cast out the money-changers He forbad any
vessel to be carried through the temple. The Vulgate reading is :
' et non siuebat lit quisquam transferret vas per templum ' (Mc. xi,
16) ; but the Harmonist at once modifies and explains this by adding,
bot $if it toere yhalewed (77.16).

Before going up to Jerusalem for the last time Jesus tried to

prepare his disciples for His approaching Passion and Besurreetion.

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Introduction xlix

Cf. Vulgate (Et ipsi nihil horum intellexevunt, et erat verbuin istud
absconditum ab eis, et non intellegebant quae dicebantur' (Lc. xviii,
34). The Harmonist suras this up quite simply — Ac hij ne vnderstoden
it nou$th (69.15) — and then adds in his gentle way; — for pat he
nolde noitjth make hem to sorouyful (69.15-16).

Additions due to tradition} — It is surprising that only one
addition is derived -from the New Testament Apocrypha, namely that
the infant Jesus was laid in a manger where an ox & an asse
stoden (S.7-8).2 The earliest mention3 of this tradition is in the
Gospel of pseudo-Matthew4 which probably belongs to the fifth6
century.

The other legendary addition refers to the * elder tree ' on which
the traitor Judas was said to have hanged himself. And Judas . . .
icent hym forp, and henge hym self on a nelren tree (94.35-95.1 ).6
I have not yet been able to trace this further back than ' Mandeville's
Travels,' the first English reference to which probably belongs to the
year 1356.7 The tradition is also alluded to in ' Piers the Plowman,'
the earliest text of which was probably written about 1362.

Paragraph headings. — The paragraph headings are also additions
to the Biblical text. They are brief and to the point, each of the
hundred and thirteen paragraphs, or chapters, having a separate title.
The headings of §§ 94-100, the seven paragraphs dealing with the
Passion, do not, as the rest, primarily indicate events, but rather the
time covered by events — the passioun being regarded, according to
mediaeval usage, as the supreme and therefore almost separate8
portion of Christ's life. The paragraphs describe the successive
events from Holy Wednesday to the evening of Good Friday.

The purpose of the Harmony. — The Harmony was probably
intended as a guide to meditation on the Gospel story. The only
specific evidence, however, of the compiler's purpose is extremely
slight, though curious. It consists merely of the opening words of
the headings of §§ 88, 95 : — ' Here bigynnep pe secounde
meditacioun by pe pursday * ; * Here bigynnep pe sexte

1 I am greatly indebted to Professor Kennedy for supplying me with a list
of historical rererences to these legendary elements. See Notes on same. — M.G.
1 Cf. Note.
3 Hennecke, E., Handbuch zu den Neutest. Apdk., Tubingen 1904, p. 104.

* Teschendorf, Evangelia Apocrypha, Lipsiae, 1876, p. 80.

8 Apocryphal Gospels, trans, by B. H. Cowper, Williams <& Norgate 1867,
Introd. p. lvii.

6 Cf. Note.

7 Mandeville's Travels, "Warner, G. P., Boxburghe Club, 1889, Introd. p. x.

* Cf. Colophon, p, 113, and Note.

GOSPEL HARMONY d

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1 Introduction

meditacioun vtpon pe friday. But the very fact that the work
is a complete and chronologically arranged life of Christ, conveniently
divided into short paragraphs, or chapters, of varying length, makes
it eminently suitable for daily reading and meditation.1 This indeed
is how similar modern Harmonies 2 are still used in the Roman
Church.

In any case it is as a hook of devotion that the Pepysian Harmony
makes its appeal. Regarded technically the work has considerable
defects : for by paying too much heed to slight verbal discrepancies
between the four Gospels, the Harmonist often fails to discern their
essential unity ; and this not only with regard to details about facts,
but occasionally also with regard to the facts themselves. Tims §§ 15,
17 are different versions of the same event, namely the call of Simon,
Andrew, James and John. § 15 follows S. Luke,3 § 17 SS.
Matthew4 and Mark.6 And so, according to the Harmony, Simon
Peter, James and John were called twice — S. Luke does not mention
Andrew. After the first call we are told that hij retourneden hem
a$ein to her mystery ewer til Jesus hem cleped anoper
tyme.

An even more ingenious example of this tendency merely to add
together rather than to harmonise apparent contradictions, is the story
of Hou pe leuedies scheweden pe resureccioun of Jesu Crist
to his deciples (105. § 106, heading). Some of the ladies said hij
sei^en an aungel syttande (105.5), in accordance with the Vulgate
4 angelus domini . . . sedebat,' Mt. xxviii, 2 ; others said hij sei^en
tweie aungels stondande (105.6-7), following ' eece duo viri steterunt
... in veste fulgenti,' Lc. xxiv, 4. In this way the seeming
contradiction between SS. Matthew and Luke becomes a natural
reason for S. Luke's account of the incredulity of the disciples, who
held the words of the ladies as for trufle (105.8). Cf. ' sicut
deliramentum,' Lc. xxiv, 11.

This characteristically simple method of avoiding apparent
discrepancies between the Evangelists, comes out sometimes very
strikingly in details of description. Thus where S. Matthew6 says
' scarlet,' and SS. Mark 7 and John,8 ' purple,' the Harmonist says

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1 Cf. Note 87, § 95, heading.

2 Cf. Lt saint ivangile de nolre-seigncur Jdsus*Chrixt, ou Les quatrt dvangiles
en un sml, translated by Alfred Weber, and sanctioned by Jean-Pierre, Eveque
de Verdun, in a foreword of ' Approbation ' dated 1898. Zcch el Fils, Editeurs
pontifieaux, Braine-le-Comte, Belgique.

3 Lc. v, 1-11. 4 Mt. iv, 18-22. 6 Mr. i, 16-20.
« Mt. xxvii, 28. ' Mc, xv, 17. 8 Joh. xix, 2.

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Introduction li

both ' scarlet ' arad ' purple ' : — And his hnijttes (Pilate's) cladden hym
inpurpre, and Iqppeden hym in a mantel of scarhtt (96.13-15).

Another interesting example is the description of Joseph of
Arimathea as a noble rich baroun, goode fy riytkful, pat hadde x.
kni^ttes to his banere (100.30-31). This is just a neat collection of
epithets brought together from SS. Matthew, Mark and Luke : —
'homo dives' (Mt. xxvii, 57), 'nobilis decurio' (Mc. xv, 43), and
' vir bonus et iustus ' (Lc. xxiii, 50).

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MS. PEPYS 2498.

§ 1 Of be godhede of oure lorde suete Jesu

Crist God almi5th[y]. t

Vre suete lord Jhesu Crist vpe his godhede he was

. toforo all creatures, for whi he made alle creatures

P010U3 his owen suete mijth. Eor he is sfcrongeful

and mijtlieful P010113 God pe fader. Aud he

fwithouteu any chaungyinge porou3 his godhedo

hicom sopfast man, & }af lyf & lijth & grace to al

mawkynde forto knowe God. And he porouj pe

la we and prophecie was bihoten to pe folk pat hi] scholden

bileueu in God pe fader. Ac whan pat he com in to pis

10 worlde many pere weren pit nolde/i 110113th hym resceyuen.

Ac po pat hym resceiueden he 3af hem grace pat hij

were Goddes sones. For al pe fulle pai resceyued of

his grace po pat in hym bileued ari^tli. pere nas neuer

man pat sei'3 God bodilich, and perfore bicom Goddes son

15 man forto techen al mankynde hou he mijtli be seijen

gostlich. And he bicom a man of pe kynred of seint

Dauid and seint Abraham, for pat he was bihoten

spe[c]iallich to hem.

& 2 ■ Of be concepcioun of swete Jesu Crist.

Hou he was conceyued.

h J>e tyme of J>e kyng Heroudes pat was paen aud
20 I helde Goddes folk in seruage and regned in Jeru-
salem, so was pere a goode man bat 1113th Jakarie,
and his wyf hijth Eli3abeth of jje kynde of Aaron.
And sche was barayne & passed age, and he ivas elde,
& berfore hadde bai none children to geder. So it
25 bifel at a gret fest, also Jakarie offred ensence at pe

] almi)th[y] ; stain and small hole after almijlh.
8, 9. scholden biteueri] -den bi- almost obliterated. 16. he]

ni's he, 18. spe\c\iallicK\ fourth letter defaced.

GOSPEL HA.KMONY B

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2 The Pcpysia?i Gospel Itarmonij

liei^o autere in pe temple and al pe folk weren wipouto in
her disomies and he was alone in pe temple & bisoujtte
God for pe sauacioun of pe poeplo, an aungel alijth and
stode at pe rijth half of pe autere. & 3akarie was afenle
& hadd gret drede. And pe aungel reconforted hym and 5
seide pat pe bisechyng pat he had beden for pe folk was
herd tofore God, and pat his wif schulde conceyuen &
beren a son pat schulde bote John, of which bnrpe lie
& al pe folk schulde haue gret ioye. And he seide hym
pat he schulde come toforne hym pat schulde saue pe 10
poeple in pe Holy Gost and in pe vertu of Helye pe
prophete. For he schulde he ful of pe Holy Gost in his
*[p.i,coi.2.i model's wombe and *hc schulde hym kepe fram pe
likynges of pis werld. And gret partie of pe folk he
schulde twme to God and to pe rijtli bileoe of patriarkes 15
.& of p/'ophetes, and aparaile to God [a] folk pat was
couenahle. po asked 3akarie hou it mijth be, for he
was olde & his wyf ek and barayne. And po [angejl
hym ansuered & seide pat he was pe angel [pat] was
bifore God & was come hym to gretyn & to bringe pat 20
gode tiping, and seid hym pat lie schulde be doumbe
vntil pat it were so bif alien, for also mychel as he ne hadd
noujth bileued as he aujtte forto done. & alle pe folko
abiden ^akarie wipoute?i and hadde gret wonder pat he
duelled so longe. And he coin out & mijth uoujth speke 25
to hem, porouj wha[t] pai wisten we[l] pat ho hadde
seijen summe manere ping in pe t[e]/npple. And he
made hem toknes & signes and we»t hem to his jn.
After pat conceyued Elizabeth and hudde hire fyue
monepes on til pat sclie were sjrker pat sche were wip 30
childe and pat God had hir pat honour don. pe sex
monep after pat sche had conceyued saiiwt Jon so was pe

aungel Gabriel sent in to pe cite of Galilee pat hijtte

> "5

** 4. half of ]>e auleve] touched up by a later hand. 7. herd]

~cr nearly defaced. 8. hote] e and the first stroke of A

nearly defaced, he] on brown stain. 11, of] o nearly defaced.

13. schulde] k above the line. 14. pa.rtie] ti nearly defaced.

16. [ct]folk] dbfolk. 17. jni}th] mi nearly defaced. 17, 18. for
he was] -or he was nearly defaced. 22. mychel] I partly, and e

wholly defaced. 26. we[l] : touched up by later hand to what

looks like west. ]>at] fiat : at nearly defaced and p' touched up
by later hand. 30. on] o very indistinct.

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The Pepysian Gospel Harmony 3

Najareth, to a maiden pat was treupplijth to a man p[at]
hijth Joseph. & pe maidens name was Marie. And po
angel entred to hire and gret hyre & seide pat sch[e] was
fnl of grace <fe God wa[s] wipinn[e] hure, and pat sche
5 was more Missed pan any oper womman. And whan
sche herd pe aungels word sche was adrad and bepouth
hir hou pes [heylsinjge mijth come vn to hire. And
pe angel hire confortede and seide pat sche hadd founden
grace towardes God, and pat sche scholde conc[e]yue?J and

10 beren a son pat schulde hote Jesu, and he schulde be
clepid Goddes son Ss he schulde regne i[u] pe regne of
Israel wipouten ende. And lie[m] andsered Marie and
seide : ' Hou schold pat [b]e for thy [j] no peuke neuer to
haue fleschlich felowered wip man ] ' And po angel

15 ansuered and seide pat ' pe Holy Gost schal alijth wipinne
pe, and God hym self schal pe al biclosen. And pe?\fore
he pat schal be borne of pe schal be cleped Goddes sone.
And wite pou wel pat Eli3abeth p[i] cosyn hap conceiued
a son in hnv elde ag[e] — is suppe passed sex monepes.

20 [L]eue pan pat God may do what .pat he wyl.' po
ansuered Marie and seide : • Lo me h[e]re Goddes honde
mayde ; so be it done to me as pou haste ysaide.' And
also suithe sche hadd conc[e]yued Goddes son, parfette
man in body and in soule, and sopfast *God. & pe angel •[p.21coi.l.

25 J?o parted frani hire. & also suipe Marie went out of
Galile in to Jude and entred in to ^akaries hous & gret
Elizabeth. & also suipe as Elizabeth herd her vois, also
suipe made pe childe gret ioie in here wombe. And sche
was ful of pe Holy Gost, & bigan to crie and worschipe

30 Marie ouer alle oper wymmen and hire childe, & tolde .
Marie hou it was bitidde. po ansuered Marie & ponked

m

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God and seide pe psalme of Magnificat al out. And
sipcn bileft Marie wip Elizabeth aboute pre monepes.
And after sche went ajein to Na3areth. And als pat
35 sche was comen ajein, er pat Joseph hure had spoused, so
aperceyuod he pat sche was gret wip childe & pouth

7. [hcylsin]ge : eslymge ? filled in by a later hand. The emenda-
tion suggested by A . 0, Panes, A Fourteenth Century Eng. Biblical
Version, Introd. lxv., Camb. 1902. 13. [b]e : he. 18. !>[?'] : Jw.
20. [IAme : A eue. 21. k[e]re : hire,

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TAe Pepysian Gospel Harmony

priuelicli to hauo leten hire, for pat he was ri^thful tie
douted hym to haue part of pe synne. And also suipe as
lie hadde pat ypoujth, so com Goddes angel to hym in a
visioim & bad p«t he ne dredd hym noujth, for sche hadtl
conceyued [by] pe Holy Gost & scholde haue a son pat 5
scholde be cleped Jhesus, for pat he scholde saue his folk
fram synne. And Joseph awoke and dude as pe angel
hym comaunded. & whan pe tyrne com pat Elizabeth
trauailed of childe, sche hadd a son. And all pat it
harden so hadden gret ioye. & pe eijtte day so com pe 10
Jewes for to circumcise pe childe, & named pe childe
5akarie after his fader. & his moder ansuered pat it
scholde bote Jon. And hij ansuereden & seiden pat
pe/'e ne hijth noman so of his kynde, & madcn signe to
his fader 3akarie what name he wolde pe cliilde hadde. 15
And pai sente;* hym a lef of tables, & he wrot pere onne
pat his name scholde be nempned Jon. & all pei hadden
gret merueile. & also suipe hym was 30uen pat name.
& he was fulfild of pe Iloli Gost & bigan to ponke God
al mijtty & seide-; ' Bened.ictus Dominus Deus Israel.' 20
And alle pat herdew and seijen pat merueile porouj out -
Jude poujtten p«t pe childe scholde be merueillous &
mirthful tofore God wha[n] p«t he com in to elde. & pe
childe wex & prof & was conforted of pe Holy Gost.
And also suipe as he com to, age he went hym in to 25
deserte & woned pere euere til pe Holy Gost comaunded
hym forto gon and preche pe comynge of Jesu Crist.

§3 Of J)e byrbe of Jesu Cn'st.

■ n pat tyme comaunded Cesar Augustus, pe enipe-
m route of Rome, pat alle pe men of pe werlde schulde

be writen in ilch a schire pere pay woned, & pat 30

euery ma» scholde bringe a peny to pe stiward of pe

1 [p.2,col.a.] | *cuntre, & pat he made knowlechynge pot he was

_sogette to pe Emperoure of Rome. & porou^ pat

skyl went Joseph [&] Marie, his spouse pat was gret

23. %vha[n] i what. 30. pat] pat pat.

34. [tfc] : to.

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The Pepysian Gospel Harmony

vt\p childe in Najareth, vnto Bedleem, forto make re-
conischaunce in his owen cite, for pat lie was comen of pe
kynde of pe kyng Dauid pat was of Bedleem, & his
wif also. And so par whiles pat pai duelleden pere, so
5 com hire tyme forto hahbe childe, & was deliuered of
hire first childe a son. And hire self wonde hym in
elopes & laide hym in a cracche pere an ox & an asse
stoden : for pere nas stede in al pat hous pat was so
auenaunt to leye hym jnne as pat was. And po woken

10 pc schcpehirdes in pe cuntre, [pat] kepten her bestes, &
pere com an angel frarn henene & stode biside hem.
& hij weren so sore adradde pat hij stoden astoneide.
& pe angel hem contorted & seide pat hem bihoned for
to schewen pat Jesus Crist, pat schulde saue his folk,

15 was borne in Bedleem, porouj wham hij & alle folk
scholde haue gret ioye perot And he seide hem what
tokne hij schulde fynden, pat is to wite, a litel childe in
clones wouradcn & laide in an asses cracche. And wip
pat comen pe angels so dignelich fram henene & schewden

20 hem to pe schepevdes & ponkeden God & seiden : ' Gloria
in excelsis Deo.' And also suipe as pe angels weren
steijen in to heuene & hadden schewede hem [to] pe
shepehirdes, pe schepehirdes speken to gider & wenten
snipe in to Bedleem & founden Marie & Joseph & pe

25 childe laide in a cracche, & sei3en wel pat it was he of
wham pe angels hadd hem tolde. And hij tolden to
oper folk pe auentures pat pai hadden herd and yseye
pat nijth, & hij hadden all gret wonder. And Marie
wiphelde alle pise pinges in hire hert. & pe schepehirdes

30 retoameden hem, <k panked God pat he had schewed
he?» pat gret merucile. And pe eijtte day was pat
childe circivrocised, & his name ne?npned Jesus, as pe
angel hadde seide tofore er he was conceyued. After,
vpon pe twelfpe day, so comen pere pre kynges fram pe

35 est in to Jerusalem & askeden where was pe kyng of Jewes
pat was ybore, whas sterre pay hadden yse3*e in pe est.
And hij seiden hij were ycome?* hym to honoure. po pe
kyng Heroudes herd pat, *he wex al ameued, & all pat •ir.a.cou

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weren in pat cite. And so sono assembleden alle pe
heijest prestes and maistres of pe lawe, and askeden where
Crist scholde be borne. & liij ansuereden, ' In Bedleem
Jude,' for whi God liadd so Little porouj pe prophetes.
Po cleped Heroudes pe pre kynges priuelicb & asked hern 5
whan hij sei^en first pe sterre, & sent bem in to Bedleem
& bad hem pat hij schulde enqiceve ententiflich of po
childe, and wban pat hij hadden liym founden pat bij
scholde scnde hym bode, & he wolde come & bym
honure. And wban pai hadden herd pe kyng speke hij 10
wenten hem forp toward Bedleem. And also snipe pe
sterro pat hij hadden er yseye in pe est schewed hym, &
jede ewer tofoien hem til pat pei comen pere pe childe
was borne, and ouer hym wipstode. And hij pat were
so ledde wip pe sterre hadden gret ioye, and entred in to 15
pe lious & fouwden pe childe & his moder & fellen to pe
erpe and honoured pe childe, and vudeden her tresoure
and offred hym gold & ensense and mirre. And als hij
poujtten toume&$ein to Heroudes, ariijth so com pe angel
to hem in a visioure & seido pat hij ne schulde no^th 20
wende a3ein by hym. & hij by oper weye retowned in
to her cuntre.

§ 4 Hou ouxe lorde Jesus was offred to

J?e autere.

nd also Heroudes uuderstode pe comynge of pe
kynges, so com pe day pat Marie schulde hire
purine in pe temple after pe lawe of Moyses, and 25
f B offren her childe to God and biggen hym ajeiu
i ■ of pe prestes. po com Marie wip Joseph in to
* Jerusalem, & brou^th her son & offreden als pe

pouere scholden. And po was a man in Jerusalem
pat was rijthful & meke and hijth Simeon, and he 30
desired muche pe comynge of Jesu Crist in his tyme.
And pe Holy Gost pat was wipinne hym, bihi^th hym
pat he ne schulde deye er pat he hadde sei^en Jesu Crist.
And pilk tyme com pe Holy Gost in to pe temple, and
also Josep & Marie comen forto offre Jesu in pe temple. 35

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The Pepysian Gospel Harmony 7

And pan com Symeon & name hym bitwixen his armes
& Ranked God and seide : ' Nunc dimittis, Nomine, senium
tuum in pace. Now letestou pi seruaunt, Lorde, vpe pi
worde ben in pays.' po was pere anoper elde widue pat
5 hijth Anne, pat none houre ne passed from pe temple,
bot serued God in fastynges & in brisounes nijth <fe day.
And hij wisten wel pat he was Crist pilk tyme, & ponkc-
den God apertelich. Now hadde Joseph & Marie gret
wonder of *penges pat men seiden of pe childe. Symeon •,p.s,coi.2.]

10 blissed Item & seide to Marie : 'See $e, dame, pis childe
is comen forto schewe pe wille of many of pis folk, &
many schullen falle porou} penchesoun of hym, and
many schollen risen porou3 him, and [b]e bis baner,
ajeins wbom men schullen hym countrepleden ; & bis lif

15 pot 7^ louen as ^oure owen, schal suffre dep & passioun.'
And whan Joseph badd don al pat hem fel to do in pe
temple, hij retowrneden ajein to Najaretb.

§ 5 Hou bat suete Jesus was exiled.

fterward so com pe angel & apered to Joseph in

a visioim, & seide hym pat he scbulde take pe

childe & pe moder & ]?at he were m Egipte euere

tyl pat be dude hym to wyte ; for whi Heroudes

scholde seche pe childe for to slen hym. And he

aros also suipe by nijtli, and toke pe childe & pe

moder & went to Egipt, and dwelled pere til pat

25 Heroudes were ded. And whan Heroudes pe/'ceyued pat

pe kynges were retourned in to her cuntre, and pat pai

hadden so bigiled hym, pan wex he wel wrop, and sent

oneral his men & dude sle all po children in Bedleem and

of al pe cuntre abouto pat were of lesse age pan of two

30 jere vpe pe tyme pat lie hadde enquered of pe kynges pat

seijen pe sterre, Bot also suipe as Heroudes was ded, so

com pe angel to Joseph in Egipte and bad hym turne

ajein, and seide hym pat hij werera dede pat sou^tten pe

chi[l]de to sle. And Joseph dradde hym to turne ajein

35 in to Bedleem, for Heroudes son pat regned in Jude. Ac

for bis fader & for pe amonestynge of pe angel, he leddc

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8 17w Pepysian Gospel Harmony

pe childe & pe moder in to Galile and woned in Na3aveth.
And pe cliilde wex & prof & was fill of pe grace of
aln^tty God.

§ 6 Of J^c childeliode of Jhesu Crist.

And whan pat Jesus Crist was tuelue 3ere olde, so
bifei at pe foste of csturne pat Joseph and Marie 5
wenten in to Jerusalem, as pai were woned to don
ilch 3ere, and Jesus yedo wip hem. And whan pai
sehulden rctowne f ram pe feste a3ein to Na3areth,
pe cliilde hilef te bihynde in pe cite, pat pai
nysten noujth, so pat hij wenten for)? a iourne & 10
wenden pat pe childe liadde ben in pe route amonge pe
folk, and sou3tten pe childe amonge her aqueyntes & hij
ne mijtli noujth fynde?t hym, and turned hem a3ein to
Jerusalem for to seche pe childe. And pe pridd day pai
founden \\ym among pe maistres of pe lawe, herande and 15
axande. And alle J^at hjm sei3en & her[d]o?i weren
*lV *,<=oi 1 ] abayst of his wytt & of bis ansuere. *Aud pan spake his
moder to hyw? & seide : ' Son, whi hastou done vs pis ?
Wo pe haue sou3th wip myebel soroi^.' And Jesus
ansuered : ' Wharf ore soi^th 36 mel Ne wite 3e nou3th 20
wel pat j moste be in my fader nodes ? ' An hij ne
vnderstode noii3th what he seide, for he spake of his
fader of beuene. And hij comen doune of pe temple and
wenten wip hym to Na3areth. And his moder holde alle
pise pinges in hire hert. And (ram pat tyme forpwardes 25
scbewed Jesus his wisdam & his curteisie day by day,
and made hym to be loued of God & of pe folk.

§ 7 Hon bat Jhesus was bapti5ed.

ban seint John hym hadde bap^etl, he went in
to desert tyl he wore of pritti winter elde. And
pe kyngedom of Jerusalem was pan pm-ted 30
1/ II P010^ P° I»omayncs in foure parties. And po
com pe Holy Gost & badde hym wendo forto
precho to pe folk pat hij twnede hem forto
resceyuen Crist, for he was nei3. A[nd] seint

.— in

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John went po al abonte pe flnm Jurda?i and preched pat
folk schulde knoulechen her synnes, and hij were bap^ed
in bis name pat scbolde com after bym. And Jones
mete nas bot ramesones and wilde-nepes, & bis closing
5 of pe hero of a camayle, and a pwonge abonte bis myddol,
po com pe folk of roligioura in patty me, pat weren ycleped
Phariseus, forto bo baptised of hym. And seint Jon pem
bad J>at pai schulden be digne to penaunce, & pat hij
schulden nou^th tristen hem vpe her kynrcde pat weren

10 sumtyme so wel wip God : for whi God 11113th make also
gode men of hem pat noman hadde hope jnne. And no
more nolde God delaye it pat he it ne wolde done ilch
man after pat he it deserued. And po askeden pe folk
what hij schulden do, and hou hij n^thten be saued.

15 And seint John hem ansuered pat hij schnlden 3iue almes
to pe pouere for Goddes lone. And also pai askeden hym,
which were?i pe hepene baylines seruannt) pat weren
yclepid publicanes, [what] pat hij schulde do. And he
ansuered and seide pay ne schulde greuc noman ne fynde

20 non enchesoim to [noman] wip wrong, ac vche man holde
hym to his owen dedes. And p[o] wenden al pe folk pat
Jon hadde ben Crist, and senteu pe Jewes from Jerusa-
lem & pe Phariseus and prestes and deknes to hym forto
asken what pat he was. And he hem ansuered pat he

25 nas 110113th Crist, ne Helie, ne no propliete. And po hij
bisoujtten hym pat he schulde 3iue hem sum ansuere pat
hij mi3th seyen to hem pat hadden hem pider sent. And
he seide hem panne pat *it was ho pat Ysaie pe propliete • [i>.4,coi.s.
spak of pat schulde come tofore Crist forto make redy pe

30 weie. And po askened hij hym whi he bapti3ed pe folk
sipen pat he nas 110113th Crist, ne Helie, ne no propliete.
And he hem ansuered: ' Jcli,' he seide, 'lyfte 3011 of pe
watere for penaunce. Ac anopcr ping is in erpe amonges
3011 pat 3e ne knowe noi^th, he pat ne hap no pere, & pat

35 is digner & more worpi pan icb am, pat schal 3011 bapti3e

in pe Holy Gost. And he schal iugge all men for suich

as he findep hem, and he schal hem 3elden mode after pat

pai haue deserued it.' And in pat tyme com Jesus fram
I «

18. [what] \>at hij schuldi do]. Cf. infra, 1, 24, 21. >[o] : R
36. he] above the line.

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Nazareth to pe flura Jordan forto be baptised of Jon po
Baptyst, Ac seint Jon defended bym & seide pat it bifel
bettere hym to be baptised of bym, pan Jesus of bym.
And Jesus ansuered & back! hym done it, for also mychel
as it bifel to hem to done, to jiuen oper ensample of al 5
manere ping, & nameltch of lowenesse. And po baptised
John Jesus. And whan he was baptised, and was in
praiere for he?/i pat rcsceyucden baptijinge in his name, so
com pe brijtlmeJsge of heuene & pe Holy Gost, & alijth
wipinne hym. And pe vois com fram heuene of God his 10
fader & seide to bym : ' pou art my dere son, of wham
ich am wel apayed.' And Jesws was po entred in bis
prittide wyntere of elde, & juff wendeii men pat be hadde
ben Josepbes son.

§ 8 Of be fastynge of oure lorde Jesu Crist.

I

lso suipe as Jesus had esceyued witnesse of al pe 15
Trinite at his baptijinge, so ledd hym pe Holy
Gost, pat he was fro pe folk in desert forto
be tempted of pe deuel. And wha?£ ho hadde ybe
wip pe wilde sauage bestes in fastynge fourty
daies & fourty nijttes, pan bigan he forto haue 20
hunger. And po cam pe deuel to hym & seide :
' $if pou art Goddes son, pan make bred of pe stones
porou^ pine owen word.' And Jesus ansuered hym &
seide pat man ne liuep no^th onelich in bred of bodilich
sustenaunce, ac God may porouj his comauradement hole- 25
lich susteigne man. After pat toke pe fende hym & ledd
hym to an heij momitayne, and schewed hym wodes &
feldes & tonnes & alle pe feire pinges of pis werlde, &
hijth bym pat he wolde ^iue liyin all pat he sei3 wip pat
he fel adoune & honoured hym. po ansuered Jesus & 30
seide: 'Goo pou, Sathanas ; for it is writen pat man
schal honoure & seme God onelich.' po tok pe fende
hym ife brou^th hym to Jerusalem, & sette hym pe?-e vpon
a pyler onheij in pe temple, & seide to bym 3if he were
Goddes son pat he alijth adoune, for God hym hadde so 35

17. [|*]: to. 18. whan] in the margin. 29. pat] pat J>a<,

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bihoten by Dauid pe prophete pat his *aungel schulde •[p.s.coi.i.]
hym bere ouer al, pat be ne hyrte hym not^th. And
Jesiis ansuered hym and seide : ' God it defends pat man
schulde hym assaye forto helpen jif he wolde be saued, ac
helpe hym self.' po left pe fende hym pere, & pe aungela
come?a doune fram heuene & serueden hym in al J?mge.

§ 9 Of be first disciples bat Jesus had wib hym.

jppen pat suete Jesus was pus in desert he com
ajein to seint Jon pe Baptist, & Jon also swipe
a[sj he saghj hym he seide : • Loo, here Goddes
10 ^lombe, pat dope away pe sywne of pe werlde. pis is
he pat ich spak of, pat a man schulde come after me
pat was tofore me. And forto schewen hym, so com
ich forto baptijen hym, as pe folk & ich seijen pe Holi
Gost alijth wipinne hym in liknesse of a white culuer; & pat
15 was tokne forto knowe Crist. And me he jaf pe Holy Gost
whan he sent me to happen. & pe?-fore ich segge pat pis
is Goddes son.' Anopei' tyme stode John & two of hise
disciples & seijen whare Jesus 3ede, & he seide : ' Loo
whare gep Goddes lombe ! ' And pe disciples jeden to
20 Jesu and asked hym where pat he woned. & Jesus ledde
pern horn to his jn & herberewed pern pat m^ih ; for it
was passed ouer none, pat on of pern two was Andrew,
Simondes broper. And he went & soujth Simonde, his
broper, & tolde hym pat he had foiuzden Crist, & broujth
25 hym to Jesu. And also suipe as he sei} hym, he seide
hym pat he was Simond, Joharanes son, & pat he schulde
hote. Peres. And on pe morne cleped Jesus Phelip, pat
was her cosyn of Bethsayda, & sippen fonde Philipp
Natanael & tolde hym pat he hadd fouwden Crist, & ladde
30 hym to Jesu. & whan Jesus hym seij he seide : ' pou art
a ri^thful Jew in whom no treccherie nys.' And pan spak
Natanael & asked Jesus hou pat he knewe hym. & Jesus
seide hou pat he hadde sei^en hym vnder a fyge tree to-
fore pat Phelip cleped hym. And pan seide Natanael :
35 ' Maister, pou art Goddes son, & pou art kyng of Jsrael.'

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12 The Pepysian Gospel Harmony

And Jesus hym ansuered & seide : ' Leucstou it for ich
seide pe pat ich pe seij vnder pe fygere 1 More pan so
mychel schaltou sene, for pou sehalt se pe heuene vndo &
Goddes angels mou?2ten & alijtten vpon me.'

§ 10 Hon Jesws made wyne oft water.

"fl e pridde day com Jesws in to Galilee, & was ladde 5
B^\vnto a feste wip Lise disciples pere his moder was.
1 iAnd so bifel pat pere failed wyn. And his moder
jl Fseide hym pat hij hadde no wyne. And Jesus
Wr seido pat pe [hour] was noujt jut comen pat
% scholde schewe his power. & po had his moder to pe 10
seniauntj pat hij scholden do al pot he badd hem
• [p.5,coi.2.] do. Now were pere sexe *boketes pat pe gode man & al
pe meigne wesshen of, euerilch of pe mesure of pre galouns.
And Jesus bad hem pat hij schulde fallen hem ful of
water. & hij fulden hem ful as suipo. & Jes?fs bad 15
hem taken hem vp and beren hem to hym pat was chief
of pe fest. & hij nomen hem vp and beren hem forth.
And as suipe as pe gode man hadde dronken pere of, he
cleped pe botiler to hym and seide : ' Euerych wise man
settep first pe best wyn, & whan pe men bep dronken pan 20
pai setten forp pat is lesse worpi. & pou haste kepte pe
best wyne euer tyl now.' pis was pe first miracle pat
Jesus dude. & for pat leueden hise disciples in hym.

§ 11 Hou J)at Jesus hym bare whan J>at he

schewed hym first*

S

/"^J jpen went Jesus wip his moder & wip his disciples

^ lin to Capharnaum & duelled pero a while. And 25
also swipe, ntte fest of estren, he went hym in to
Jerusalem, & com wipinne pe temple and fonde
pere hou men sold en oxen & schepe & culueren

J^ Jfor to offren. & he seij pere sitten pe chaungers
of pe moneye forto maken her chaunge. And 30

Jes?fs made scourges of cordes & drof hem out vchon and

aJ Q -

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4. me] men. 9. [hottr] : man,

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TTie Pepysian Gospel Harmony 13

her bestes, & schadde lier moneye & caste adouae lier
boordes. And to hem pat selden pe culuereti lie badde
hem done hem away, and pat hij inaden nomore his faders
hous an hous of marchaundise. And his deciples rocorde-
5 den po pat it was writen pat pe solace of pa hous scholde
bote Cristes flessh. And pe Jewes seijen hou pai demeden
hym, and pan asked hij hym what tokne pat he shewed
hem & where he lerned pat be badde power forto do so.
And Jesus ansuered bem and seide pat ]?e[ij] hij destined

10 pa temple he wolde make it ajein in pe pridde day. And
pe Jewes ansuereden hym ajein & seiden pat pe temple
was in makytig sex & fourty ^ere, & pat hij mi^tten
noujth leuen pat he mijth do so, ne so suipe make it
a^ein. Ac hij vnderstoden of pa temple pat was made of

15 ston, ac he seide pat of pe temple of bis owen bodi. And
also as he was pere at pe fest of pask many on leueden on
hym for his memeiles pat ho dude. Ac he ne tristed
noping in hem, for he wiste wel her hert and her pou3th.
Now was pe?e po a prince of Jewes, a Pharisewe, pat men

20 cleped Nichodemus. & he com by nijth tyine to Jesu &

. seide hym pat he wist wel pat he was a Goddes halue, for

whi noman mijth do pe miracles pat he dude bot 3if God

were wip hym. And Jesws hym seide pat he more moste

bileuen, for whi no man mijth entren in to pe blis of

25 heuene bot ^if he were ybaptijed in water and porouj pe

*HoIy Gost ybore anoper tyme. And as Moyses arered pe ♦[p.6,coU.
neddre in desert forto saue pe folk, also bihoued nedes pat
he wore heijed on cros pat alle pat leued on hym schuldew.
be saued. For so, he seide, loued God pe werlde pat he

30 jaf his son pat alle pat leued in hym schulden haue lyf
wi}? outen ende. For whi God ne sent noujth his son in

to pe werlde forto dawipne it, bot he sent hym forto sauen

it. & who so leuep in hym ne schal neuer be dampned.
And who so leuep in hym nou3th he schal sono ben
35 ydampned, for as myebel as he leuep nou3th iu Goddes
son. And pis is pe skyl of the juggement, pat God hym
sent 113th in to pe werld & pe folk loued more derkenesse
pan li^tli, for her dedes weren wicked. & who so dop

9. \>e[ij] • 1« in margin.

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14 The Pepysian Gospel Harmony

yuel he hap lener derkenesse pan bi^thnesse, pat he ne he
wiptaken. And who so dof» wel, he comep boldelich to
pe li3tli. & who so dop so, it seme]? wel ]?at hij he]?
wip God.

§ 12 . Hou seint John bad Je$us Crist we?ide

a5ein.

After }?at com Jesus in to Jude vt'tp his deciples & 5
bap^ed ]?at folk, & John by pat oper half bap-
tijed ]?e folk also. And alsone comen pe Jevves
to Jones deciples & seiden }?at Jesiis bapti^iug
was bettre J?an was here. And hij comen to John
& tolden hym ptxt he ]?at he baptised in pe flu m 10
Jordan bap^ed in Jude, and al ]?e folk lef ten her
happing and went to his. And John hem answered
& seide ]?at hij wisten wel what he hem hadd tolde
tofore hande oftesipes, pat he nas noi^th Crist ac he
was sent toforne hym, & seide pat Jesus was as pe 15
spouse & he rijth as is frende, & J?at he had gret ioye
pat Jesus was more alosed pan he. For it bihoued nedea
pat Jesus wex & pat he vnwex. For whi as mychel as
it is bituene heuene and erpe as mychel was bituene hem.
For whi God his fader hadde jouen hym pe Holy Gost 20
wip outen mesure, & al ping he hadde iu his jiower.
And perfore who so leued in hym he schulde haue pe lyf
wipouten ende. And who so leued noujth in hym he ne
schulde neuer see pe blis pat euer schal laste, ac God
schulde euermoie be wroth wip hym wipouten ende. 25

§13

Hon Jesus left Jude & went in to
Galilee.

f terward com John pe baptist & reproued Heroudes,
pe kyng, of alle his wycked dedes pat he dude, &
namelich of pat he hadde byreft Phelip, his
| ^ broper, of his wyf & hadde hire spoused. And
Heroudes hym name & dude hym bynde & kast 30
hym in prisoun. And alle pat weren in his court
duden mychel aftej- John pe baptist, & hadden

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The Pepysian Gospel Harmony 15

slayn hym in haste hot pai dredden mychel pe folk.
And namelich *his wyf waited hym euere forto slee, ac •[p.e.col. 2.]
sche ne mijth 110113th com perto for as mychel as pat
Heroudes hym kepte alway, for pat he dredde hym
5 mychel — for he wyste wel pat he was a goode holy man
& a sop prophete. And as sone as Jesus herde pat John
was enprisoned & pat pe Pliarisewes grachcheden pat lie
baptised so mychel folk, po lefte Jesus Jude & wente in
to Galilee. Xow bihoued hym passen porouj a manege

10 of folk pat was eloped Samarithanes, pat in on half weren
Jewes <te in anoper lialf hij weren payens : so pat he
com biside a cite pat hi^th Sykar, and he sette hym
bisyde a welle. And as he satt biside pat welle, & his
deciples weren wente in to pe tou?i forto bugge her mete

15 — for it was nei3 myd day of pe day — so com pej-e a
womnian of pe Samarithanes forto fecche water, & Jesus
bisoujt hire pat sche wolde jiue hym a drynk. & sche
ansuered hym & seide, hou mijth sche ^if hym to drynk
suppew pat he was a Jewe and sche a Samarithane 1 —

20 for pe Jewes ne eten nou3th ne drynken noujth wip
hem. And Jesus hire ansuered and seide }if pat sche
wyst what he were, sche wolde biseche hym pat he jeue
hir water quyk. And pe wbmman hym ansuered pat pe
welle was depe and sche uadde nou^th wliar wip pat

25 sche mijth drawe water. And sche asked hym where he
scholde haue water quyk, for he nas 110113th more worpi
pan was Jacob pe patriark pat made pat welle & liiijth
do wip pat water what he wold, and lete his bestes
drinken. And Jesus hire ansuered & seide pat who pat

30 dronke of pat watcre he scholde anope;- tyme haue prust;
ac who so dronke of pat water pat he wolde ^iuen, he
lie schulde neuer haue prust. .And pe womma?? hym
ansuered on sconie & seide : ' Sir, jiue me of pat water.'
po bad Jesus hire pat sche schuld fecche hire house-

35 bonde & comen ajein. & sche seide pat sche nadde none

housebonde. & Jesus hire ansuered & seide pat sche seide

sop, for sche had yhad fyue honsebondes & he pat helde

hire nas nouith hire housebonde. And sche retoztrned

J
to oper wordes also suipe & seide : ' Sir, ich see wel pat

40 tou art a pj-ophete. Nou telle me whepe>' it is bettre

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16 TAe Pepysian Gospel Harmony

forto honouren here, oipe;1 vpon pe mount Garajim, as
deden oure auncestres, oiper in Jerusalem 1 ' Aud Jesws
hire seide pat pe tyme was comen pat man purte neuer
recche noiper of pat on ne of pat oper, hot put men
honoure God & pe Holy Gost in alle stedes. po nnsuered 5
pe woHiman & seide sche wiste wel pat Crist scholde
sone come» & scholde hem wissen & techen al pat hij
scholden done. And Jesus seide pat it was hyin self.
• [p.7,coi.i.] Wip pat *coinen his disciples fram pe citce, and hadden

gret wonder pat lie spak wip pe Samarithanc ; ac non of 10
hem ne asked what he asked of hir. And sche lefto
pere hire boket & went hire to pe citee, & tolde to pe
folk ]?at sche hadd founder a man p«t hadde hire tolde
of all hire dedes pat sche had don in pryuete, & bi-
fioujt[h] hem pat pei 3eden forto witen jif it were Crist 15
oiper it nere. And pat whiles his deciplos bisou^tten
hym forto eten. And he ansuered hem pat lie hadde
suich mete forto etera pat pay nyst noujth of. And
pan asked ilch oper jif any man hadde broi^th hym any
mete. And pan tolde he hem pat his mete was holelich 20
forto do pe wille of God pat hym sent in to erpe. And
po comen pe Samarithanes to hym and leueden many in
hym porouj pe segginge of pe womman & bisou^tten
hym pat he wolde entren in to pe citee. And he entred
and dwelled wip hem tuo dayes. & many leueden in hym 25
for his sarmowj & seideu to pe wo??fman : ' Nou no leue
we it noujth for pi word, for we it haue yseije oure self
& herde )?at he is sopfast pvophete and saueour of pe
werld.' And pe pridde day went Jesus out of pe cite and
com in to Galilee, & seide pat euerych prophete is werst 30
honoured in his owene cuntre pan in oper strange
cuntrees. And for pan pat hij hadden seijen pe
myracles pat he pere hadde don & at pe paskos in
Jerusalem, so was he resceyued of pe folk of pe
cuntre. 35

14-15. bisou}t[fi] ■. Hsoutftm, 32. for Jwm] hoityh for ]xm,

33. at] above the line.

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1'Ac Pepysian Gospel Harmony 17

§ 14 Hou bat Jesws heled ]?e prouostes son.

f terwardes com Jesus in to Cliana Galilee pere pat

he had made of pe water wyn. And pe prouostes

son was sek of Chapharnaym. And Jpilk prouost,

po he herd pat Jesus was comen in to Judee, he

com to Jem and bisoujth hym to wende in to

Cliapharnaym to helc his son. And Jesus re-

proued hym and seide pat hij nolde noujth leuen

in hym bot }if hij seljen hym do miracles. And pe

prouost bisoujth hym to haste hym suipe & go forp

10 wip hym er pat his son were ded. And Jesus hym

ansuered and seide pat his son was hole and fere. And

he loued pat Jesus hym told and jede hym forp. And as

pat ho com to Chapharnaym his sergeauntj comen ajeins

hym and tolden hym pat his son was hole and warisshed.

15 And he asked what day pat his son was Avarisched. &

bij ansuered hym and seide pat atto houre of myddayhad P

hym leteii pe maladye. And po vnderstoJe he wel pat

it was pe selue houre pat Jesus seide he was warisched.

And fram pat tyme forpwardes he bileued in Jesu, and al

20 his meynee.

§ 15 Hou ]>at Jesus preciied in be schippe to semt

Peter Jmpostle.

(jpen com Jesus to pe see of Tyberye, and mychel *Lp?,col.2.
! folk hym siwed forto here his sarmoure. And po
were pere tneye scliippes liouende bisiile on po
water, and pe fysshers weren went out forto
jwasshe her nettes. And Jesus entred in to on
(of pe schippes, pat was Simondes faders, and
bisoujth hym pat he stired pe schip a litel fram
pe londe. And so he sat in pe schipp and preched to pe
folk. And whan pat he hadd fynyssched his sarmou??,,
30 ho bad hym styre pe schipp in to pe depe and leggen her
nettes. And Simond hym ansuered and seide pat hij
hadden al nijth trauailed & ne hadden ytake rijth 110113th,
ac vpon hise wordes hij woldeu legge in her nettes. And .
GOSPEL HARMONY C

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also suipe as h[e] hadde yleide jn his nette, lie toke so
mychel fysch pat his nette to brake. And he clepid
James & John, pat weren 3ebedees sones and weren
Simondes felawes. And hij coniere forto helpen hym,
and fylleden bope schippes so ful pat hij weren in poynt 5
forto drenchen. And whan Symond sei3 pat, he fel on
knees to Jesu & bisoujth hym pat he ^ede out of pe bote
for he it was pat was synful. And all hij weren agast
of pe takynge of pat fysch. And Jesus ansuered to
Simounde and seide : ' Haue no drede ' ; for he schulde 10
fysch after men fram pat tynie forpward. And hij also
snipe broi^tten he[r] schippes to pe londe and leften al
pat pai hadden & foloweden Jeswm awhile. And sipen
hij retojmieden hem ajein to her myster, euer til Jesus
hem cleped anoper tyme. 15

§ 16 Hon J)at Jesus com in to Na3areth.

5:

jpen com Jesus in to Nazareth pere he was

norissched. And lie aros vp on a paterday in pe

synagoge and redd a lessou?* of Ysaye pe p?-ophete,

]?at was of pe godenesse of Jesu Crist. And he

tolde hem pat it was of hym self pat pe prophetes 20

hadden oft yspoken. And hij grantedem wel and

beren hym gode witnesse, and bihelden indeilich

his fair beryrtge and hadden gret wonder of his suete

wordes, and seiden amongea hem : ' What ! Nys no^th

pis Josephes son 1 ' And Jesus hem ansuered and seide 25

pat hij mi3thten pan seggen pat he dude in pe cite pe

deuels craft as he hadde don in opere stedes; bot pat,

he seide, mijth he 110113th don : for whi no prophcte is

so mychel hono«?'ed in his owen cuntree as he is in

O g

straunge cuntrees. And for pi pe elde prophetes pan 30
maden hem straunges oiper wiser pan hij duden to her
owen folk. For Elye pe prophete was noi^th sente to
no widow of Jsrael whan pe hunger lasted pre 3er & an
* [p.s.col.i.] * half, ac to a widewe pat woned amonge payenes in pe

cuntre of Syches, pat sche jniafcli be releued by hym ; ne 35

1. h\e\ hadde] hij hadden. 12. he[r] : h*3.

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2%e Pepysian Gospel Harmony 19

Eli3e pe prophete ne heled no mesel of Jsrael, bot Naanian
pat was payene and Surryen. And whan pai herden pis,
hij wexen all wrope and stirten up & caccheden hym
out of pe tomi, and ladden hym upon pe anged side of pe
5 heij mounteyne and wolden haue done hym tumble
adoune. And Jesus passed J?orouj hem and 3ede forpe
his waye frani hem.

§ 1 7 Hou bat Jesus cleped seint Peter and his

felawes.

o bilefte Jesus Nazareth and went hym in to

iCapharnaym & bigan baldelieh for to prechen

| uid to techen men to do penauwce for her synnes,

^& seide pat pe blis of God was nei3 hem pat

wolden leue stedfastlich of pe comynge of Jesu

Crist. Aud sippe com Jesus goende by the see

of Tyberye, and sei3 Simondes fader and Andrew

15 his broper fyscha?;de in pe see. And Jesus hem cleped

to hym and seide hem pat hij comen & foloweden hym,

and he schulde make hem fysshers to fysshen after men.

And hij also suipe foloweden hym, and leften her botes

and her nettes. And as Jesus jede a litel forpermore,

20 he sei3 James & John his bropej" wip 5ebede, her fader,

dressande her uettes, & he cleped hem. And hij letten

also suipe her nettes and her fader wip her seruauut3,

and foloweden Jes?«n.

§ 1 8 Hou bat Jesus kast a fende out of a man.

fter f>at entred Jesus wip hem in to Chaphamayiii,
& com in to her temple vpon a saterday. And he
bygan to prechen pat al pe folk had gret wonder
perof. Now was pere a man amonges hem. pat
J | hadde a fende wipin hym. And pe fende bigan
to crie, & asked Jesu ^if he were comen for to
cacchen hym away and oper fendes out of pe londe
er pat her tyme com, and seide pat he wyst wel pat he

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was Crist. And Jesus comaimded hy»i pat he helde bym
stillc. And pe fende fleij out of pat man also suij?e, &
alle po p&fc it seijen so weren abayst. And pis tiding
went aboute al pe cuntree. And Jesus went bym po out
of p& synagoge and com bym to Petres bous wip seint 5
James and seint John. And Petres Avyues moder was
pere in a stronge feuer, & hij bisoujtten alle for hire.
And Jesus hire name by pe bonden & made hire bole, &
scbe aros vp also suipe & ^ede and serued hem. And
also sone as pe sonne was gon to rest, so comen alle pa 10
seke & pe donibe & pe blynde & wode men pat were
yboundon of pat citee to Jesus jn. And ho touched pern
and hij were?* all hole. & pe fendes pat Jesus drof to-
*lp,8,coi.2.] forne hym * so criden & seiden, certes pat he was Goddes

son. And Jesus hem comaunded to be stille and leteu 15
her criynge, & pat hij ne maden it noujth coup. And al
on pe morne Jesus went p?-iuelich in to desert for to
honouren and preye. And seint Petre went to sechen
bym wip his oper felawes, and tolde hym pat al pe folk
hym wayted. And po com Jesus a^ein to pe folk. And 20
whan pe folk hym badde yfoundo, hij wolde hauo holden
hym wip Btrengpe pat he ne jcde efte fran hem. And
Jesus hem seide pat hym bihoued to preche in oper citees
as wel as pere, & went hym for]? prechynge & chascynge
pe fendes toforne hym porouj out al Galile. 25

§ 19 Hon bat Jesus enchasced sex bousande & sex
hundreb and sexti & sex fendes, and after
passed hym ouer J>e se.

"^ o sei3 Jesus pat so gret pres of folk folowed hym,
he comaunded his disciples pat hij scholden wende
•& passen pe see of Tyberye toward pe cuntre of
Galilee in Gerasa, And as he 3ede towardes pe

J,/ schipp, a maister seide he schulde folowe hym 30
winder so he 3ede. And Jesus hym ausuered &
seide pat he nadde no stede proprelich his owen

forto wende to. 'For whi,' he seide, 'pe briddes habbep

16. noutfh] noutfh so; so deleted by dots.

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The P&pysian Gospel Harmony 21

her nestes & pe foxes han her holes, and ich ne habbe
noujtk where onne pat j may restc myne hede.' And po
to anope?* maister Jesus spak & bad pat he schulde hym
folowen. And ho ansuered & bisoi^th Jesum pat he
5 mijth go fyrst and birijen his fader. And Jesus hym
ansuered & bad hym lete pe dede men buri^e pe dede
bodyes, and pat he 3ede forto preche pe blis of God.
Auoper maister pera was pat seide pat he wolde seme
Jesu, bot he bisoujth hym pat he mijth wende horn &

10 ordeyne his pinges and his hous. And Jesus hym
ansuered and seide pat noman schulde legge hende on
plouj and loke byhynde hym ; for pat ne were no couen-
able ping to pe blis of God. And whan Jesus com to
pe schipp wip his disciples it was neij euensong tyme.

15 And Jesus schipp went forp wip oper schippes by pat
water, and pere com a suipe stronge storme of weder pat
alle pe schippes weren neiy ful of water and in pe poynt
to adrenchen. And Jesus was po a slepe bihinde in pe
schipp in an oriole. And his disciples comen to hym

20 and awoken hym, and bisou^tten hym pat he saued hem
pat hij were noi^th perissched. And Jestus hem axede
pan wbare was pan her bileue. And po were pai alle
sore adradd. And also suipe Jesus comaunded pe wynde
and pe see forto be stille and *pat he ne blew nomore; *[[>.9,coii]

25 and also sone it was stille. And alle pe folk hadden gret
merueile pat pe wynde and pe see weren so stille and so
bow3eande to his wille. And also swipe as he was ariued
to pe londe, so comen tweye fendes out of pe graues,
proude & wel stoute, so pat noman durste passen for hem,

30 ne no stede myjth holden hem. And alway stooden pilk
tweie fendes in pe kreuesses of pe roche, criande and
jellande and betande hem self ajayn pe harde roche. And
also swipe as pai serpen Jesu, hij lopen ajeins hym and
fellen adouw & honoureden hym, and chargeden hym a

35 Goddes halue pat he ne drof hem noujth out of pe
cuntree. And also pe fendes bisoujtten hym pat he ne
drof hem noujth in to helle — for he badd hem gon. And
pe fendes bisoujtten hym pat he ne tourmented hem
nomore. And Jesus hem asked hou many pai weren,

40 And pe fendes answereden and seidcn pat hij weren a

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legioura. (pat amounted sex pousande and sex hundred
and sexti and sex.) And liij bisou^ttera hym pat lie
wolde suffreft hem to entren in to swyne pat hij mi^tten
passen pe* mouretaynes. And Jesus g? minted. And hij
po entreden wipinne swyne, and also swi]?e Jjai lepen and 6
ronnen and adrencheden hem seluen in pe see wel in to
two pousande. And po pe hirdes seijen pis hij flowen
to pe citee and to pe toimnes ahoute, & tolden of pe
aueynture J?at was bitydde of pe fendes and of pe swyn.
And po comera pe folk alle lepande to Jesu and founden 10
a fende sittande att Jesus feete, ycladde and al hole.
And hij weren all abayscht pereof, and alle hij bisoujtten
hym pat he went his way fer out of pat cuntree, so mychel
drede pai hadden of hym. And Jesus went hym in to
pe schipp, and po J?at warisshed weren and al hole of her IS
yuel, bisoujtten hym pat pai myjtten hym folowe. And
Jesus badde hem dwelle and abide and tellen pe folk of
pe cuntre hou pai weren delyuered of pe legioun of pe
fendes. And hij wenten ouer al pe cuntree and tolden
hou Jesus hem hackle warissched. And whan Jesus com 20
in to Galilee alle pe folk comen to hym, for pat hij
hadden gret longyng to his comynge.

§ 20 Hon Jesus saued a man bat was paralityk,
and cleped to hym seint Matliew. .

•[p.o.coU.] "fl o com Jesus in to Capharnaum and *preched in an

hous. And pere com so mychel folk and so many

maistres and so many Phariseus and seten aboute 25

hym pat noman myjth come to hym. And wp

■X pat comen foure men and brou^tten a seeke man

paralityk in a bedde, and wolden ban broujth hym

in and leiden hym tofore Jesu. And po pai seijen

pat pai mijth haue none entre for pe folk and for pe pres 30,

pat pere was, hij cloumben on J?at hovis and vnpakkeden

it and maden a gret gappe, and porouj pe couples of pe

hous hij leten pe paralityk adoune tofore Jesu. And

Jesus, wan he sauje her bileue, he seide to pe paralityk

6. lepen]'! lopen. 13. hym] above the line.

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pat his synnes were forjiuen. And pe maisters seiden
pat he misdede, for whi he dude Jpat God ne fel nou^th
to do, and pat was to foremen synue. And Jesus vnder-
stoode also swipe what hij pou^tten and asked hem whi
5 hij pou^ttew yuel. For whi also lijthlich mi^th he for^iue
his synnes as forto sauen hym of his yuel. ' And pat je
witen wel pis,' he seide, ' pat ich haue power in erpe to
forrjiue synnes, Arise yp,' he seide to pe paralityk, 'and
take pi hedd and here it horn wip pe.' And also swipe

10 lie aros vp and tooke his bedde toforne hem alle and hare
it horn. And he hym self and al pe folk ponkeden God
pat he hadde 30uera Jesu swich power. And po went
Jesus forp by pe coste of pe see, a[n]d al pe folk hym
folowed, and he hem po bigan to preche. And as he

15 com ajein by pe toun he seij a man ioynen a fatte, pat
hijtte Mathie Leui. And Jesus hym badde pat he it
vndede. And he also swipe bilefte alto gyder and 3ede
wip Jesu, and made hym a gret gaderynge of folk in his
hous. And many puplicanes and oper synful men comen

20 & eten wip Jesu and wip his deciples. And pe maisters
and pe Phariseus comen and axeden of Jes«s disciples
whi pat he ete wip swich folk. And Jesus answered &
seide pat he com forto clepe synful men to penaiwce
& none rijthful men. For whi pe hole man ne hap no

25 nede of leche ac pe seeke man hap myster, and God hap
leuer pyte and mercy pan vengeaiwce. po comen seint
Jones disciples pe baptist, and pe Pli[a]riseus, pat
fasteden, and axeden whi Jesus disciples fasteden noujth
as pat hij duden. And Jesus ansuered hem and seide

30 pat it ne bifel noujth pat felawes pat weren at pe bride

ale schulden fast penvhile pat pe feste lasted , *ac it schulde • ri>. io>
come pe tyme pat pe bridale schulde reste & pan schulden

hij fasten. And on oper half he hem seide pat no wise
man makep none olde elopes of newe clope3, for whi pe
35 newe clop wolde tere pe elde & pan were it wers. Ne no
wise man dope pe newe wyn to pe elde lyes, for hope hij
scholde pevisschen. Ne noman pat hap goode elde wyn
nyl dryuke of pe newe wyn, for pe elde likop hym bettre.

13. a[n}d : ad. 21 . axeden] axe- touched up over

rubbed surface, 27 • Ph[a]riseus : phiriseug.

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§ 21 llou Jesus reised a man fmm de]> to lyue &
waiisshed a womman.

nd po Jesus hadde pern pus yseide so com pere a
prince J>at hijth Jayrus, & fel on knees to Jesus
feete & honoured liym & bisoi^th hym J?at lie
scholde come & touclie his doi^tter pat was panne
fnei3 dede] — & he ne hadde no childe bot on. 5
And Jesus aros vp also swipe and jede \rip hym,
& his deciples hym foloweden and gret pres of
oper folk wip hem, and a womman pat hadde pe flux
bledande twelue yexe (pat vpe pe elde lawje non swich ne
schulde come in no cite amonges no men). And so pm 10
hadd pat womman dispended in leches al pat sche hadd,
and hir nas 110113th bot pe wcrs. So bitydd pat pis
womman com in pe prees among pe folk & touched pe
elopes of Jesu, for sche seide to hir self }if sche myjth
touches pc skirtes of Jesus mantel pat sche schohle ben 15
hole. And Jesus wipstoode and asked who touched hym.
& none of alio wolde ben aknowe. & seint Peter ansuered
& seide J?at it was gret wonder pat he wolde asken who
pat hym touched, for why al pe folk pan presed 011 hym
& aliened hym. And Jesus seido he wiste wel pat summe 20
hym hadden touched, for whi he hadd a vert u J?at was
gon fram hym forto helen sum wijth, And Jesws stoode
stille & bihelde who it was. And pe womman, whan
sche sei'3 pat sche ne myjth 110113th ascape, she com
quakeand & fel on knes to Jesus feet and criede hym 25
mercy & tolde toforn al pe folk hou hir was bitydde.
And Jesus badde hir wende in pays, for her trewe bileue
hadde hire saued. And whan Jesus hadd pus yseide, so
comen pe princes sergeauntes and tolden hym pat his
dou3tter was ded, and pat he ne trauailed Jesu noi^tli for 30
hire forper. And Jesus, whan he herde pis, badde hym
pat he ne dreddera hym nou3th, bot pat he leued sted"
fastlich pat he rr^th hire helen, & he schulde hire sauen.
And whan Jesus com in to pe prynces hous, pan fonde he

5. [wei'3 dede] : cf. Later IVycliJUe Version, Mk. v, 23, ny$ deed.
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pe maydcn ded, & pe folic wepeande & pleyneande for
Lire dep. And Jesus badde pat hij ne schulde nor^th
wepen, for whi *sche nas 110113th ded. And po hij scorneden " Cp- **i
hym alle. & Jesus drof hem alle out of pe hous, & took
5 pe fader & pe maydens model & seint Peter & seint
Jame [&] his broper, & comen jn pere sche lay, & name
hire by pe honde & seide alonde : ' Maiden, aryse vp.'
& sche aros vp also swipe & 3ede for]?. And Jesus
comaunded pat men schulden jiuere hire mete, for whi
10 sche was of tuehie jere olde. And Jesus defended hem
gretlich pat pai ne scholden tellen it noman. And no3th
for pan pe womman jede & telde al pe cuntre hou pat hir
was bitydde.

22 Hon J)at Jhesus warisshed two

blynde men.

nd as Jesus went hym pennes ward, so com he

& melte tweie blynde men ; & hij criden mercy to

Crist. And whan Jhesus com horn to his jn, hij

comen toforne liym. And Jesus hem asked }if

pai leued pat he mijtli warisschen hem : & hij

seidcn, '^e.' And Jesus hem ansuered & seide,

rijth as pai leueden so were it don. & hij sei3en

also swipe. And Jesus po hem defended gretlich pat hij

3eden & tolden it noman : and hij 3eden forp & tolden

ouer al pe cuntre. And also swipe as hij weren ygon, so

was hym presented a doumbe man pat hadd a fende

25 wipinne hym. And pe folk hadden gret wonder, and

seiden pat pere nas neuere er yseijen non swich in Jsrael.

And pe Phariseus seiden pat he drof away pe fendes

porou3 pe power of Beljebnb, her prince.

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§ 23 Hou J)at Jhesus was despised in his

owen cuntree.

Sjppen went Jesus in to his owen cuntre, to
Najareth, wip hise deciples, and preched in J>e
tounnes aboute. And pe folk had gret wonder of
his wytt and of his werkes, & bigunnen forto
speken amonges hem & seiden : * What 1 Nys 5
pis nou3th Jose pes son, pe carpenter, & Maries*
And J?e men & pe wymmen of his kynde, ne sitten
hij nou3th alle here amonges vs 1 ' & alle pus hij seten &
despisoden hym amonges hew. And Jesus hem ansuered
& seiile pat prophetes weren ouer al honoured saue in her 10
owen cuntre, & namelich [hi] po pat scholde ben her
frendes & her aqueyntes. And pus weren hij so mysbi-
leuande pat he ne my 3th noi^th helen pere hot wel fewe,
& J»at was porouj touchynge of honden. And Jesus hym
schewed so pat hij hadden alle merueile pere of, 15

§ 24 Hou J>at Jesus ches hym his

twelue apostles.

fterward went Jesus precheande ouer al pe contre
of Galilee. & so mychel folk hym folowed of
co.'l. /■ a^e Pe londes abouten, * & so many seek weren

broujth, pat hij ne mijtten nou^th alle comen to
hym. And po went Jesus Ype pe monnt of 20
Thabor forto honouren, and al ny^th he dwelled
pere in disomies. And vpon pe morowe he cleped
his deciples to hym & ches hym pere pe twelue apostles.
And seint James & seint John he cleped his Boanerges
(pat is also mychel as pe ponder sones). And whan he 25
hadde chosen pe tuelue apostles & hadde hem yne[mp]ned,
ho deliuered hem pe ten comaundement3 of pe newe lawe —
noujth porouj destresse, ac porou^ pe manere of biheste —
& seide : 'Yblissed be pe gostful pouere : for pe blis of
heuene so is hires. Yblissed be pe bonair : for hij schullen 30
haue pe londe. Yblissed ben [hij] pat wepen : for hij

25. sones] sounes. 26. yne[mp~\)W(l : yneipmned.

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schullen be conforted. Yblissed ben hij pat desiren
rijthfulnesse as in mete & in drynk : for hij schullen he
filde. Yblissed ben hij pat ben merciable : for hij schullen
haue mercy. Yblissed ben hij pat ban clene hertes : for
5 hij schullen seen God. Yblissed ben hij pat louen pes:
for hij schullen ben cleped Goddes sones. Yblissed ben
hij pat habbep schame & anoy^e for rijth : for hiren is pe ,
blis of heuene.' And whan he hadde pus yseide, he
turned his wordes to J?e apostles and gan hem teche, and

10 seide what hij sehidden be, & seide hem put hij mosten
be wel profiter and sikerer pan any of pe maisters oiper
pe P[h]ariseus of pe elde lawje : for win pei weren pe
113th of pe werld pat scholden techen alle oper, & gouernen,
& wissen. And whan Jesus hadd hem ytau^th pe werkes

15 profitelich — what hij schulden do, & pe vnderstondywg
pat hij scholden haue in her bileue, & hou hij schulden
fleije pe fals prophetes pat wolden hem aspyen — po went
Jesus doun wip hem to pe folk pat hem abiden in a faire
pleyne.

§ 25 Hou bat Jesus warissched and heled alle

}>at comen toward es hym in be pleyne,

Than Jesus com amonges hem in pe pleyn, pe folk
preceden alle vpon hym forto heren hym speke,
& forto ben yheled & warissched of hym : for
whi 0 vertu so com from hym pat heled all po
pat hym toucheden. And po bigan Jesus to
rehercen pe ten comaundementj & pe sarmoun
pat he hadd preched to his apostles schortlich,
and seide hem pat hem byhoued to be of more stedfast
bileue pan hij pat weren of pe elde lawje, and pat hij
mosten louen her enemyes, and ben deboneire and suffrande
30 in alle pinges, and done to eueryche man as hij wblden

pat men duden to hem. And he seide * pat hij mosten ben *[p. 11,
swich in alle poyntj pat pe mysbileuande folk ne teken
no wicked ensample of hem, & pat hij scheweden her
Cristendow in dede, & nou^th in woorde al one. And

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atte ende he seide, pat po pat dyden pat pai herden of
hym ne schulde pai neuer ben ouercomen, nomore pan pe
hous pat hap goode foundemeut ne fallep for wynde ne
for watre : bot pat pat hap fals foundement it ne may
suffre no tempest arst it freschehe]? a»d fallep al adoune. 5

§ 26 Hou bat Jesus heled a mesel of

his raaladye.

ban Jesus hadde bended bis sarnioun be jedo
adoun & com wip pe folk towardes Capharnaym,
so com pere a mesel & honoured hym & fel adoun
toforno bym on his knees and seide : ' Sir, jif
)?ou wilt, pou my3tb make me hole.' & Jesus 10
hym touched & seide : ' J wil. Now be clene.'
And also swipe he was al hole. And Jesus hym
badde pat he ne schulde telle it soman )>at he hadde
bym warisshed", ac pat he jede to offre» pe offrande pat
he comaunded pat pei schulden offren pat wolden be 15
warissched and be clene. And he wente hym foip and
tolde oucr al pe cunlre pat Jesus hadde hym warissched,
and made so mykel folk comen to Jesu pat be ne myjth
noujtb entren in to pe cite wip pat folk, and for pan nedes
he nioste holden hym wip outen in deserte for pe gret 20
pres of pe folk : and jut com pe folk more & more in ilche
a syde to hym, bot many tyme he jede fram hem in to
desert forto honouren bis fader in heuene.

S 27 Hou J)at Jhesus heled centurions seruant.

I T"pon a tyme J>an entrede Jesus in to Capharnaym.

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& comep a gret cliyueteyn of an huudrep kuijttes, 25
pay ens, pat hadde pere a sergeaunt pat was smyten
wip pe palesie, and bisoujtb pe most honourable
Jewes of pe cite pat pai wolden bisecbe Jesu for
hym pat he wolde helen his seruaunt, for he was
hym wel leue and dere. And hij comen to Jesu 30
& bisoujtten hym inderlich J?at he wolde helen centurions

19. for \>ani] nou^thfor fyan.

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sergeaunt. And hij seiden hym pat it were wel worpi
pat he dude it hym, for whi he loued mychel pe folk, &
pat he hadde made a synagoge. And Jesus hem answered
and scide pat he wolde done it gladlich, & jede hym
5 piderwardes. And whan Jesus com nei'3 pe hous pe
conestable sent hise frendes to Jesu, and sent hym *hode *tP-11*'
pat he ne schulde trauailen hym pider, for whi [h]e was
noujth worpi pat Jesus come in his hous. Ac pat Jesus
wolde sigge pat he were hole, & pan wist he wel pat he

10 schulde be wavissched : for oper wijtte it had ytolde hym
& his sergeaunt also, aud lie leued wel ]?at pe ynel schulde
passen away and he schulde ben hole, jif Jesus it conr
aunded. And whan Jesus herde pis, he turned hym
and scide to pcin pat hym foloweden : ' Jch ne liauo

15 noujth founden so mychel treupe in a Jew als in J»is
payene. And ich jou sigge ]?at many paeues schullen
comen from ferre to pe blisse of God & schullen ben wip
pe patriarkes in rest, & pise wicked folk schullen be cast
in to pe pyne wip outen ende.' And po scide Jesus of pe

20 conestable to hem pat weren sent to hym : ' Kijth also be
it as he hap yleued.' & hij turneden horn & founden pe
sergeaunt warissched.

28 Hou bat Jliesus sent his twelue

apostles forto prechen.

jjppen went Jesus porouj alle pe citees and porouj

1 alle pe castels, prechande and warisschande pe

25 ^ seek. And so mychel folk hym folowed pat hij

.comen as it weren wery schepe pat weren ouer-

Icomen by pe weye. And po cleped Jesus his

Jtuelue apostles, and jaf hem power & myjth for to

dryuen away pe fendes & for to warisshen alle pe

30 seeke, and sent hem oucr nl, and bad hem gon baldelich

among pe Jewes and prechen pat Crist was neij : and wip

outen any mede pat hij hcleden al pe folk. And he bad

hem pat hij ne bere wip hem gold ne syluer ne oper godes

by pe waye, ne pat pai ne bere neiper brede ne scrippe ne

7. [h]e: ne. 23. J«] above the line. 25. so] so so.

32. and wityuten] and wip outen and «'ij> oxUen.

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kirtels tweye ne staf, bofc onolich licm self vpon fete ami
a jeide in her honde. And whan pai comen to cite oiper
to castel, axen pan who ware worpi to resceyuen hem, &
pan gon & offre pere pordoun, and pere to duellen til pat
hem liked to wende pennes. And pat hij eten and 5
dronken swich as men setten toforn hem. And jif any
man hem refused, pan badde he hem wende out of pe
citee oiper out of pe castel, & pat [hij] schulden wypen
pe dust vnder her feete vpon her heueden in witnessynge
pat hij ne hadden noping of heren. And he seide hem pat 10
Sodom & Gomorie schulden haue softer juggement pan
liij schulden haue pat resceyued hem noujth. And sippen
* fy, 12, warned Jesus hem of pe pcynes & of pe tourmentyng * pat
hij schulden suffre for his loue. And he badde liem he
wyse as seint Petre and symple as a douue. And at pe 15
ende he counforted hem and seide who so hadde stedfast
bileue he schulde be saf, and hij pat hem resceiueden
schulden haue also goode mede as hij pat resceiueden hym
sel[f], oiper God almy^tty, his fader. And po he hadde
hem ytaujth what hij schulden done, & pus swetlich 20
hadde hem ycounforted, hij wenten oner al aboute pe
cuntre, and precheden penaunce, and dryuen pe fendes
away, and smereden alle pe seek and hem heleden.

§ 29 Hou bat Jhesus reised J»e wedewes

doU5tter from dej> to lyue.

K

o went Jesus in to a cite pat liijtli Naym, and his

deciples 3eden wip hym and mychel folk also. & als 25

he neijed pe jate of pe citee so com a ded body

I Jf vppon a here a3eins hym, and pe folk of pe cite

foloweden it. & it was a widewes doujttere, and

sche ne hadde nomo pan hire. And sche jede

wepeande and pleynand her doujttere. And Jesus, 30

whan he sei3 hire wepe, hadde gret pyte of hire, & badd

hire pat sche ne weped noujth. And he jede and touched

pe here, & hij pat beren it stoden stille. & Jesus seide

to pe ded, 'Aris.' And sche aros vp also swipe and

8. wypen] wyrpen. 19. sel[fj : seluen.

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bigan to speke. And Jesus hire nom by pe honde and
bitooke hir her moder. & al pe folk po weren abayscht
and ponkeden God. And pat dede went porouj out al
Jude, and al aboute pe rewme. And Jones deciples, po
5 Baptist, coraen pere he was in prisouw, and seiden hym
of pe merueile pat Jesus haddc done, forto witen of hym
certeinlich }if pat he were Crist.

§ 30 Hou J?at seint John be Baptyst

sent to Jesu.

eint John hem ansuered & seide pat hij myjtten
seenc hem seluen and heren pat ho was Crist,, and
10 ^ badd hem gon to Jesu on his halue & axe hym
$if he schulde schewen hym self pat he was Crist,
,oiper vche man it schulde vnderstondo of oper.
And whan hij comen to Jesu pai seiden hym as
seint John hym sent bode. And Jesws po waiis-
15 sched and heled many pat weren seek and ywounded, &
he jaf speche & sijth to many pat weren blynde & dombe,
& he drof away fendes ; & seide to Jones mesageres pat
hij wentcw ajein to Jon & tellcw hym pat pai hadden *herd * Li>- is,
& seene. 'Seggep to hym,' seide Jesus, ' pat po blynde
20 seen, pe croked gon, pa mesels ben clene, pe def heren, pe
dede risen and lyuew, & pe pouere ben chosen for to
preche Goddes woord, and hij ben yblissed pat ne ben
noujth myspaide wip me.' And whan pat Jones mes-
sagers bep agoo, pan seide Jhesus to pe folk of seint Jolin,
25 J?at he nas noujth like a rede pat stirep and wawep wip
cuerych wynde, 'ne he is 110113th norisched wip deliciouse
metes and drynkes as oper men bep in pis werld, ne he nys
no prophete ; ac he is more pan a prophete, for he is pe
aungel pat God bihett pat schulde come & make pe woye
30 to fore Crist.' And atte ende he seide pat pere nas neuer
3ut non heijer man ybore of womraaa. And al pe folk
pat weren happed of hym, po pai herden pat Jesus pus

pra[i]sed hym, pan herijedeu hij God & ponkeden hym.
% §

17. mesagercs written on erasure : -set- almost defaced.
26. ivynde] ivyn written on erasure.

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Ac pe maistres and pe Phariseus pat weren noujtli bap-
tised of hym, so had den scorne of pat Jesus seide.
& whan pat Jesus seij pat, he seide it ferde also by hem
as of pe children pat nolden noiper laujen ne wepen wip
her felawes. ' John po baptist,' he seicle, ' etep no bred
ne drynkep no wyn, and je siggep pat he is wode : and
ich ete and drink, and 30 siggep pat ich am a glotouw and
dronkelew, & pat ich am frende to pe publicanes and to
pe syraful men,'

S 31 Hou Jliesus conuerted J>e Maudeleyne.

J J

o bisoujth a Pharisev Jcsu pat he schulde ete wip 1 0
hyra. And Jesus entred in to his hous & sette hym
to pe mete. & a woinrnan pat hadde seuene fendes
wip inne» hire, & was alosed for a synful womman
in pat cite, herd telle pat Jesus etc pere. & sche
nom a box of oynement & jede & stoode byhynden 15
hym, & smered Jesus feete, and wette al his feete
Avip teres of her eijeu, and wiped hem wip here her, &
kissed his feete & smered hem. & po pat pe Phariseu it
seij pat Jesus hir suffred pus for to touchen hym & forto
smeren his fete, he pou3th onon in his hert pat 3if he 20
were verray prophete he schulde wite what womman sche
were, & pat sche was synful, and noujth suffren hire forto
touchen hym so also sche dude. And po ansuered Jesus
to pat Phariseu & seide, ' 0 ping j haue to telle pe.
& he bisou^th hym & seide, ' Gode maister, telle onon,' 25
And pan seide Jesus, ' A creauncer hadd tweie dettours,
& pat on ai^tte hym fyuo hundrep pens and pat oper
aii3tte hym fyfty pens. Now ne hadde pai noiper where
* [p. is, of forto 3elden * it, & he fotyif pat dette to hem bope.

Now,' aske ich, ' Wheper loued he most V ' Jch leue,' 30
quop pe Phariseu, 'pat he forjaf most.' And Jesus hym
seide pat he hadde rijth iugged. And po Jesus biturned
hym to pe womman & bigan to seggen : ' Simond, seestou
pis womman 1 Jch entred in to pine hous aud pou ne
3eue no watere to my feete, & sche wette my feete wip 35

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hire teres & wiped my fete wip hire here. And pou ne
kissedest nou^tli my mou]?, & sche ne letted noujth su]?J?e
pat sche com in forto kisse my fete. And pou ne wessche
nou^th myn heued ne myne eijen, and sche haj? smered
5 myne feete wip oynement — for which ping ich telle it pe
pat many synnes hen hire forjiuew. And perfore ich
loue hire mychel ; for win to wham pat most is foi^iueji,
most is louecl.' And po seide Jesus to pe wommart pat
hire synnes were forrjiuew. And hij pat seten atte mete

10 ^oujtten : ' "What is he pis pat may f o^inen synnes ] '
And Jesus hire seide : ' Goo, womman, and he in pes.' —
For hir hileue hadde hire saued. And sche 3ede and
dude hire wip oper men pat Jesus hadde heled of her
sekenesses & pat hem seweden and founden hem, spendynge

15 of her owene propre goodes — Johan pat was Herodes
stiward kokes wyf, & Susanne, & many oper — and sewe-
den Jesu porouj pe citee & pe castels oner al pere he
preched.

32 Hou Jesus ches hym sixty and

twelue deciples.

fter wardes pan ches Jesus hym sexti & twelue
disciples, & sente hem toforne hym tweie & tweie
to gyder oner all pe cuntrees pete he wolde come.
And he badde hem goo swipe, & ]?at hij ne beren
noiper hagge ne scrippe ne hosen ne schone : bot
forto schewen & wytnesse pes ouer al where so hij
comen, to eten oiper drynken what so men hem
3euen, and ]?at hij heleden pe seek ouere al where so J?ai
founden hem, wip outen any mede, and pat hij duden
pe folk to vnderstonde pat Crist was neer honde hem.
And }if any cite forsooke hem, J>an had he hem pat hij
30 schulden gederen pe dust vnder her feete, and seyen hem
pat hij ne wolden nomore of her dust resceyuen, sippen
J?at hij ne wolden nou^th knowlechen her synnes & heren
her* prechyng. And )?at pai schulden tellen pat Crist was
nei} honde, & pat ]?ai wisten wel pat Sodom and Gomorre
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*li'\\' schulden haue softer *iuggement at pe day of dome pan
hij schulden haue. 'For who so reseeyuep 3011, he
reseeyuep me ; and who so despise}? jou, lie de^pisep me.
& who so despisep mo, he ne despisep hot pe deciple of
hym pat me sent hider.' And po bignn Jesus to blame 5
pe citeej pere he hadde preched and done many myracles,
for pat hij wolden do no penaunce — Corajim, Bethsayda
and Capharnaum ; & seide pi pat so many myracles
hadden ben done among pe payenes hij wolden hau don
penaunce, and perfore hij schulden haue harder iuggement 10
pan pe payenes.

§ 33 Hou bat Jesus resceyued his deciples
whan hij comen a3ein to hym.

A;

rid also sone afterwardes retowrneden .Jesus
deciples ajein to hym wip mychel ioye and
tolden hym pat po fendes weren bowjeande to
hem in his name. And Jesus hem seide pat hij 15
schulden haue power for to enchacen pe serpentes
and pe scorpions and al manere fendes in his
name, and noujth in her owene name : bot pot
hij lokeden hem wel from reyn glorie. ' For whi,' he
seide, ' ich seij Sathan als dust fade fram lieuene for his 20
pride. And 31'f pat pe fendes ben sogettes to jou ne haue
3e perfore no pn'de ne ioye, ac pere of bep fid ioyous pat
je ben chosen to pe blis of heuene by name.' And in pat
ilk tyme bigan Jesus to assaye pe Holy Gost and jolde
graces, & panked God his fader pat he hadde chosen pe 25
symple and pe lowe of hert to echewe hem so gret pinges,
and noujth pe wise ne po hei3e men. And pan seide he
& badde pat alle po pat were trauailed & charged scholden
come to hym & he scholde hem conforten. And after-
wardes he seide to his deciples pat pai Averen blissed pat 30
myjtten seen hise werkes & heren his techynges. For
whi many prophetes & kynges hadden desired it & nas it
hem 110113th. ygraunted.

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34 Hou Jesus answered hem J?at hym aakeden
which was be grettest comaundement of
be law5e.

o aros vp a giet mayster of pe laAVO and asked of

t Jesu what he schuldo do pat he my^th haue pe lyf

Jwip outen ende. And Jesus hym asked what

comaunded pe law^e pat man schulde done. & he

ansuered and seide pat he[in] it comaunded pat man

schulde loue God craer al ping in his liert and in his

soule and wip al his power and his pou3th, and his

nei3bor3e as hym self. And Jesus hym badde so do *& Igf'^t'

he schulde liaue pe lyf wip outeu ende. & he asked who

10 was his nerjbui^. And Jesus hym seide euerychman, &

tolde hym a tale of a man pat 3ede from Jerusalem to

Jerico and was taken wip peues and despoiled and

wounded al to pe deth. And a preest pat sei3 hym lete

hym ligge, and a dekne pat com after wardes also. Ac a

15 Samiritane, pat was paene also, pan hadde pite of hy7?i

and sette hym on his beeste and ledde hym horn & wesche

his woundes wip oyle & wyne & serued hym pat ni3th.

And vpon pe moras he took tweie pens to pe ostler and

bisoi^th hym to take goode 3eme to hym til pat he com

20 ajein, and he schulde hym 3elden al pat he hadde more

yspended. And pan asked Jesus of pe maister which of

all pie was nei3bor3 to hyiii pat was wounded. & he

ansuered pat he pat hadde pite of hym. And Jesus

badde hym gon & done also, pat is to sigge, pat he

25 schal done to euerych man as to his nei3bor3«

10. Jesus] hym deleted between Jesus aud hym seide.
18. took] hym deleted between took and twtic pens.

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\
§35 Hou Martha herberewed Jesu Crist.

Afterwardes com Jesus in to a castel & entred in to
Marthas hous (Maries suster Magdalene), and sche
peyned hire to make Jesu wel att eise and for to
semen hym to paye als sche was woned to done.
Ac Marie lete hir al done hir will and jede hire 5
& satt att Jesus feete forto here his wordes. And
pan com Martha and stoode tofore Jesu and seide :
' Sir, ne nyme 3e no jeme lion pat my suster letep nie
seruen hy my self al one ? Biddep hire pat sche helpe
. . me.' And Jesus hire ansuered & seide: 'Martha, Martha, 10
pou art wel hesy aboute many pinges & now nys myster
bot of o }?iug. Marie hir hap chosen pe better part which
ne schal nou3th hir be yreft.'

§ 36 Hou Jesus tau5tte his deciples to pray en.

ipen bifel pat Jesus was in a orisomi, and whan he

hadde don on of his deciples bisou3th hym pat he 15

schulde techen hem forto bisechen, as John pe

baptist hadde tan^tt hise deciples. And Jesus hem

Ibadde seggen her Pater noster ententiflich & wip

'goode wille. 'And rijth wip pat com on of his

goode frendes and bisou^th hym of a lof for pe 20

comynge of sum gest and betep at pe dore and criep,

and he ne wolde noujth lete hem bane rest ne hise

children slepe. $\f al ne dude he it nou3th for lone bot

forto deliueren hym [he wil] arise vp and 3if hym more

* [p- is, pa[n] he asked.' Also *seide Jesus : ' Who so bisechep 25

ententiflich wip opera hert his prayer schal ben herd

toforne God. For whi pilk men pat han children, pei3

pat pai ben wicked hem self, 3iue hem of her goode and

contrarie hem nou3th : and 3utt wel more schal pe fader

of heuene 3iuen to hem pat hym bisechen wip goode hert 30

wille.'

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37 Hou Jesus excused his deeiples of t>at

hij tooken pe spices vppon pe sabat.

"n pat tyme bifel pat Jesus went vpon a day porou3
pe corne. And his deciples weren afyngred and
^eden to fore Jesu and tooken hcni spyce8 and f rote-
den pe kyrnels bitwixen her hondes and eten. And
pan comen pe Jewes and pe Pliariseus and nomen hem
and biwryeden hem to Jesu pat hij hadden so done
vpon her sabat. And Jesus hem axed jif pai hadden
[njoujth redde in book hou pat Dauid ete pe haly brede
pat noman schulde ete hot pe preest whan he ne hadd nou
10 oper mete. And on anoper half he seide pat prestes pat
semen in pe temple and honouren [110113th] pe sabat ben
e[x]cused poroii3 pe dignite of pe temple, ' And here
ben summe pat ben digneor & more worpi pan pe temple.
And jif pat 3c vnderstoden what pe scripture seip, pat
15 God louep more mercy pan vengeaunee, 3e ne hadden
noujth dampned pe jnnocem^. For win pe sabat is made
for man, and man noi^th for pe sabat : and ich am lord
of pe sabat.'

§ 38 Hou ]?at Jhesus heled pe paralitikes

honde.

pon a noper sabat Jhesus precbed in a synagoge,
& so was pere a man toforne hym pat his ri^tli
honde was paralityk. And pe maistres and pe
Pliariseus so aspieden jif he wolde helen any man
vpon pe sabat, for pai wold en by wrycn hym. And
\^ / oper pere weren pat axeden ^if any man schulde
helen oper on pe sabat. And Jesus comaunded pe
man pat he 3ede and stoode aniyddes pe flore. And he 3ede
and dude so. And Jesus hem axed 31'f me[n] scholden do
goode oiper ynel vpon pe sabat. & hij helden hem stille &
ne ansuereden nou3th. And Jesus po to hem seide which
30 of hem it were pat nolde 1103th wasche his schepe vpon pe
sabat jif it were fallen in a foule diche. And 3utt we

11. [iwu^th] Cf. ML xii, 5. len] and ben,

12. e[x]cused : eneused. Cf. heading of § 37.

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raper scholde a man helen anoper pan he scholde done a
schoep. And pan seide Jesus : • Jcli redo wel pat men
*[r.i6, done good dedes vpon pe sabat.' And he bigan to *loken
on hem rijfch wropelich for pat lie was atened of hem pat
hij weren so blinde. And po he seide to pat man pat he 5
stretched forp his honde. And he putte for)? his honde
and was as swipe hole.

§ 39 Hou ])at Jesus warissched hem alle bat hym

foloweden.

"fl o went pe Phariseus and pe publicanes and bis-
B^^Ypeken hou pai mi^tten destruen and ouercomen
I Ijesu. And Jesus went hym po wip his deciples 10
I »tovvard pe see, as he hadd fledd hem. And gret
1/ poeple of folk folowede hym on ylch a syde. And
J pere he heled alle pe seek pat toforne hym weren.
And po went Jesus in to schipp and sette bym
pere jnne for pe pres of folk. And hij seten aboue« on 15
pe brynk. And Jesus bigan to prechen, and bisoujtt
hem pat hij ne schulde noujt tellen where pat he were.
& pe fendes per pey seijen hym comen, fellen on knees
toforne hym and seiden pat he was Goddes son. And
Jesus hem defended pat hij ne schulden noujth it schewen 20
& preted hem gretlich 3if hij it duden.

§ 40 Hou pat Jesus, warisshed ]?e wode blynde
man bat had a fende wibinne hym and
drof f hym out of hym.

jjppen com Jesus in to an hous, and pe folk hym
I folowede and precede so mychel aboute hym pat he

ne his deciples mijtten nou^th eten. And his deciples
khelden hem yuel bigiled & noujth ypaied pat Jesus 25
lwas so besy & so peynyble aboute pe folk for to
[helen hem. And hij jeden out forto fecchen hym

ju. And Jesus nolde noujth lette perfore, ac name

6. puite] pulte. 22. hym] hyym.

t drof] dro- smeared.

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a woode blynde man to hym, pat was also doumbe, and
drof a fende out of hym. And also swipe he bigan to
speke. And alle pe folk seiden po pat it seined wel pat
lie was Crist. And pe maistres & pe Phariseus pat weren
5 of Jerusalem, seiden pat he drof pe smale fendes away
porouj pe power of Beljebub her prince. And he cleped
hem alle po to gydre and ouercome hem wip fyue resouns
pat hij seiden J?at mijth noujth be sop. And panbadden
hij hym pat he schewede hem sum tokne vpe pe fir-

10 mameut and porouj pat schewen hem his power. And
whan Jesus seij pe folk hem wrappen, Jesus hem ansueved
& seide pat hij ne schalden naue non oper tokne pan of
Jonas pe prophete. For whi, Ti^th as Jonas was pre
nijltes & pre *dayes in pe whales wombe and sipen was *[p. 16,

15 [cast vpon pe loud], in tokne pat pe folk of Nynyue scholde
ben ysaued jif pat hij wolden leuen in hym ; and als
schulde Jesus hym self be grauen in erpe and afterwardes
arise from dep to lyve, in tokenyng pat alle po pat
leueden in hym schulden arise fram dep to lyue. And

20 po seide Jhesus pat pe folk of Nynyue schulden hem
dampuen atte day of iuggement for pat hij leueden Jonas
prechyng pat ne schewede none inerueiles, and hij nolden
noujth leuen hem pat dude so many myracles ; and [also]
schulde pe quene of Saba done, pat was paen, for pat

25 sche com fram so fer forto heren pe wisdom of Salomon ;
and hij ne wolden noujth leuen in hym pat taujtte hem
pe lawje of God in her owen cuntre wel bettere pan dude
Salamon. And he tolde hem pat also schulde bitide hem
as bitidd pat man pat hadde a fende wipinne hym and

30 was dryuen out of hym, and he ne wolde hym noujth
amenden. And pan com pat fende ajein to pat man and
broujth wip hym seuen wers fendes pan he was, and
entrcden in to pat man wip al pat foule felawschipp. And
whan he hadde seide pise wordes so swetelich and so

35 wyselich, so com a womman in a kyitel and al pe folk,
cryeande wip heije voice : ' Yblissed be pe wombe pat pe
bare, and pe tetcs pat pou soukedest.' And Jesus hir
ansuered : ' Ac certes, blissed ben hij pat heren Goddes

6. 7ws] hij with ij deleted & e written above.
15. [cast vpon \e lend] cf. J<mas, ii, 11.

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worde and kepcn it.' And as Jons spak pus peyniblelich
to pe folk, so com his modere wip bis cosynes and sente
bym bode pat be schulde come and spoke wip hir. And
Je^us ansuered to hem p.it hym clepeden, pat alle po pat
herden his worde and deden it, he loued also wel as his 5
[moder] oiper his kynred.

§ 41 Hou Jesus ansuered to J>e Pharisew pat

hym blamed.

"M o bisoujth a Pharisew Jesu pat he com and ete
■^*\wip hym. And he graunted. And als he was
1 lysette to pe mete, pe Phariseu po^th in Ins hert
1 mP^ Jc^us trespassed, for as mychel as Jesus ne 10
M/ aros noujth tofore pat he ete, after pc vsage of her
| lawje, als hij hem seluen duden. And Jesus hym
vndernam of his wicked poujth & of h[is] ypoc-
risie, and pe maisters of her wicked ensamples. And he
seide hem pat wel harder itiggement and vengeaunce pan 15
eiiere jutt was taken sipen Abel was sleyn, schulde pan
God take on hem for her mysbileue.

§ 42 Hou J>at Jesus tan^tte his deciples to flei5e?i
auariee by ensaumple of tweie freres.

♦ [p. lo, * | f terwardes so bifel pat pere was to mychel pros
co " ** A aboute Jesu of folk. And pan bigan he apertelich

forto warnen his deciples of ypocrisie, pat hij 20
kepten hem wel perfram. And he warned hem,
and badde hem be bolde of pe persecuciouns and
tourmentyng pat pe Phariseus schulden hem done
for his loue. And so com on of pe folk and
bisou3th Jesu pat he wolde sugge to his broper pat he 25
3eue hym haluendel pe heritage of his fader. And Jesus
hym ansuered and seide pe man : ' ["Wbo] makep me
juge and partener ouer jou V Jesus seide to hys deciples
pat hij keped hem wel fram auariee. * For whi,' he seide,
' no plente ne may holde pe lyf of pe riche man.' And 30

13. h[is]: her. 27. [ Itlio] : \>at.

28. seide] hym seide.

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pan he seide hem a fair ensample of a man pat hadde
richesse and mychel come vpon a jere. And lie bi^oujth
hym pat he wolde breke his berne and make it move, and
pereinne wolde he leggen his come alto-gedre and alio his
5 goodes. And perejnne he wolde resten hym and eten
and drynken and niaken fest many jeres. And [God]
hym seide pat ilk tyme : ' Fole, pis ilch nyjth schullcn
fendes fechchen pi soule in to helle. And who sehal
hahbe pan pat pou hast al y-ordeined? ' And al pus schal

10 bifalle, seide Jesus, to hym pat make)? lioorde to hym self
and nys 110113th riche in God. And pan bigan Jesus to
techen his decipleo pat hij weren noujth to besy abouten
hep sustenaimce, ne abouten her mete, ne abouten her
drynk, ne abouten her eloping : ac patpai weren almesful

15 and turneden hem ajeia pe iuggement. And aftemvardes
he turned towardes pe folk and amonested liem pat hij
schulden jugge pe tyme of pe comyng of Crist als as pai
juggeden pe tyme pat was forto comen by pe walken and
by pe skyes. 'For jif pat 33 seeno a cloude riseji fram

20 pe west, }e siggep pat it schal reynen : and so it bitidep.
And jif je seene pe wynde turnen toward pe soup, 36
siggen pat it is hete : and so it is. And win ne jugge 30
nou3th pe merueiles pat 3e see noupe 1 — for swiche ne
comen neuere 3iit er noupe. Nou leuep pan pat Crist is

25 comen, oiper vengeaimce schal be taken on 3011.'

§ 43 Hou J>at Jhesus amonested ]>e folk forto done
penauttce for enckesomi of pe Galilens
J?at [Pilate] t dude slen.

"% jlk selue tyme so comen folk to Jesu and tolden
* *hym pat Pilate hadde done slee a gret noumbre of
folk of pe Galilees pat hadden gon wip a fals
prophets vpon pe mount of Gai^iin and offreden
30 J/^ to Jesu lier offrandes. And Jesus hem bihijth
pat he schulde stei3e to heuene pat hij schulden it
alle seene. And po com Pilate and slouj hem
* 8

22. lie] repeated,
t [Pilate] ; Heroudes. Cf. two lines below ; also Lc. xiii, 1.

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42 The Pepysian Gospel Harmony

•[p. IT, alle. & pan seide Jesus *pat jrilk men of Galilee weien
nou3th pe werst mew of pat cuntre pei^ pat pai hadden
pat dep : ac God it hadde suffred of hem forto warne
opere wip al pat hij amenden hem. And bot jif hij
duden hij schuldew alle rotien to gedre ; and noujth hij 5
al onelicli, ac al pe folk of Jerusalem. For whi, also hem
forto warny, God sutfred sextene men to ben ouerfallen in
Syloa in Jerusalem of a tourett, for to amenden alio pe
oper. And pan toke Jesus hem an ensample of a man
pat hadde a fygeer among his vynes pat ne bare no fruyt. 10
• And he comaunded to pe \ynour pat he hewe it vp.
And he bisoujth hym pat he lete it stonde stille pat jere
& he schulde it achrede wel ententyflich. And gif it bere
fruytt, wel were : and ji[f] it bare non, he schulde done
it away pe nexte jere, 15

§ 44 Hou Jhesus heled a womraan J?at was

bocched,

CM

m

1 fterwanles it bifel vpon a saterday pat Jesus
A preched in a synagoge, and heled a womman pat
/■ was bocclied, pat hadd bene eijttene wynter
/ ■ croked pat sche ne myjth noujth dressen hire to
l 1 syfcten vp. And pe maisters of pe synagoge hadden 20
^ _^scorne pat Jesus hadde hir yheled vpon hire sabat.
And hij comaundeden pe folk porouj out pat hij
comen pe sex dayes forto ben yheld of Jesu, and noujth
vpon her sabat. And po ansuered Jesus & seide to hem :
' Ypocrites ! Which of 30U nys it pat ne wil vnbynde his 25
bestes & lete hem go drynk vpon pe sabat 1 And nere it
nojt gretter myster forto vnbynde pis gentil womman
vpon pe sabat pat pe fende hap bounden all pise eijttene
wyntereT And whan lie hadd pus wel yseide, alle his
aduersaries so hadden gret schame, and all pe oper folk so 30
hadden gret ioye of alle pmges pat he dude so dignelich,

3. }mt]]>ate: e deleted. 11. ]>af] repeated.

14. ji[/] : 3U. 22. ]>e] in )>e.

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2%e Pepysian Gospel Harmony 43

45 Hou Jhesus preened porou3 ensaumples

in pe schippe.

Ijpen com Jesus to pe cee. And pere com so gret

Ipres of folk abouten liym pat lie 3ede and sette

liym in a schipp and bygan to preche by ensample,

land seide hem pat it was of hym as it was of a

Iman pat sew his sedes. pat o partie fol bisides in

[pe waye, oiper vpon pe stones, oiper in pe pornes;

and pat oper partie fel vpon pe goode londe. And

sipen he seide it ferd by hym as by a man pat sewe goode

whete in pe felde. And perwhiles pat folk slepen, so

10 com his enemy and siwe abouen darnel. And sipen he

seide it ferde of hem pat it duden, als of pe corne pat

wexep nijth and day and alway til pe hemes t and ne

may nonjtb. come to no profytt. And afterwardes he

seide it ferd of hem as of a greyne pat growep wonderlich

15 heije, peij it be litel whan it is a kyrnel. And sipen he

seide pat als it ferd by hem as of pe *leueyn pat makep * & £T>
pe dogl^e soure and forto rise, pei3 pat it be litel. po
com[e]n Jesus deciples and bisoujtten hym pat he schulde
vndo hem pise ensamples. And Jesus hem vndede, and
20 seide pat hij weren blissed pat hij hadden grace to vnder-
stonde his techyng, [and] pat pe folk were noujth worpi
to vnderstonden it. And suppen he seide hem anoper
ensample of tresore pat was hudde in a felde, and a noper
ensample of a prficioXise margarite. & ho asked hem jif
25 hij it vnderstoden oujtli. And hij ansuerden, 'Je.' 'And
perfore,' he seide, ' euerych wys maister bitoknep pe
weijtt pat berep out olde pinges & newe, after pe
sesouw forjiuep.'

16. als] above the line. 18. com[e]n : cotnon.

20. ]mt] and }>at. Probably atid belongs to the following \>at
which in MS. is immediately below.

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44 The Pepysian Gospel Harmony

§46 Hou poX Jliesus com in anoper tyme in

to his owen cuntre.

S]pen went Jesus in to his owen cuntre, and
preched in a synagoge so J?at bij liadden alle gret
wonder and soiden amonges heni : ' What ! Nys
he pis noujth Joseps son, pe carpentere? What!
& is noujth Marie his moder? panne ne bej? 5
noujth James & Jon and Simond & Jude hia
brepercn ? & his sustren, ne bop bij noujth here
wip vs 1 Where ia it hym ycome pat he is pus wyse and
pus myjtty 1 ' And Jesus hem ansuered & seide pat no
prophcte is so mycbel leten of in his owene cuntre as he 10
is in straunge cunt[r]ees. And fewe myracles he dude
pere for her mysbileue.

§ 47 Hou pe Jewes folowenden Jesu for pat he
hadde helcd a man of pa palesie vpon
pe sabat.

A

fterwardes went Jesus to a feste in Jerusalem.
And so [bifel] pat pern was in Jerusalem a cisterne
pat badde fyue porches pere alle pe seek men 15
ley en of alio manere yuela, and vnderstoden pat
pe. aungel schulde comen & stire pat water, a3 be
was ywoned to done oft sipes. And who so
myjth first come to pe water, after pat pe aungel
badde stirred it, he schulde be warisscbed of wbat manere 20
yue[l] so he hadde. Now was pere a man pat hadde
yleie seek eijtte and gritty wynter. And Jbesus com
vpon pe sabat & sagbje pat he badde longe yleie seek, &
be asked hym jif lie wolde be warisslied of bis sekenesse.
And be ansuered pat be ne hadde noman pat niyjth heron 25
hym to pe watere whan it were stired : for whi cuerych
day er he myjth come to pe water so comen pere oper
toforn hym. And po badd Jesus hym arise vp and here
* 8

27. er he] er it with he (almost defaced) above the line between
er and it.

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^Ae Pepysian Gospel Harmony 45

hom his bedde wip hym. And also snipe he was hole
and strongc, and ros vp and bare his bedde homwardes.
And po seiden pe Jewes pat hij wenden pat he hadde ben
warisshed at pe watre, & J?ab ho lie schulde no?t *beren *[,p-18.

K col. 1.]

o his bedde vpon pe sabat. And he ansuerede hem and
seide pat he put hadde warisshed hym, badde pat he bare
hom wip hym his bedd. And hij askeden hym who pat
was. And ho no coupe noujth saie who it was. And
afterward Jesus fonde hym in pe temple, and badde hym

10 pat he ne synned nomore, so pat hym bitydde non vnpes
& pat hym bitidde no wers. And po 3ede he forp & tolde
pe Jewes pat it was Jesus pat hym warissched. And po
pursiweden pe Jewes Jesu, for pat he hadd warisshed &
heled pe seek man vpon pe sabat. And pan made Jesus

15 a longe sarmon, and schewed hem openlich pat he myjth
done alle pinges wel vpon pe sabat_

48 Hon £at Jhesus went hym pryuelich in to
desert whan pat he herd telle ]>at seint
John ]?e Baptist was biheueded of
Heroudes.

jppen bifel pat Herodes heldo a feste of his owene
birpe wip alle pe grete lordynges of pe cuntre of
Galileo. And Heroudes wyues doujtter so tumbed
20 ^tofore pe kyng amonges al pe folk, aud paied so
wel pe kyng, pat he swore pat sche scholde liaue
what ping pat sche hym bisoujth, peij pat sche
hym asked pe haluendel hys kyrcgdom. And her

moder hire comaunded pat sche ne scholde noping ask pe

25 kyng hot semt Jones heued, pe baptist. And sche also

swipe asked seint Jones heued in a dische. And pe
kyng bicom ai soroujful ; ac noujth for panne for his
op & for pe heije men of pe londe, so lete he sorouj
passen and ne wolde make no doel, hot comaujided to
30 bryngen hire seint Jones heued in a dische. And sche
it name and jaf it hire moder. And po comen seint
Jones deciples and burieden his body, and afterward

11. hym] hyym.

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46 The Pepysian Gospel Harmony

comen to Jesu and tolden liym liou seiut John was
yinartired. And pe apostles hcmseluen comen and tolden
Jesu hou pat liij hadden wroujth and ypreched. And Jesus
badd hem po alle pat hij schulde hyrn folowen priuelich
in to desert, and pat pai restede7j hem a litel while — for 5
pat hij weren gretlich ytrauailed, and hij ne myjtte?i '
nou3th habben non space forto eten for pe pres of folk.
And Jesus hem tooke alle wip hym and dude?i hem in a
schippe, and passeden ouer pe watero in to a pryue
stede in desert, and went hym vpo« a inoimtayne and 10
satte hym pere wip his deciples.

§ 49 Hon J>at Jhesus, whan he was went in to
desert, fedde fyue pousande men wij?
fyue loues.

nd whan Jesus was went in to pe desert wip his
deciples, pe folk aspieden hym in euerycli a side,
in which halue pat hij weren ygon. And alle pe
*[p. is, | ft folk of pat cuntre *so lopen aboute, and bro^tten 15

1 * alle pe seeke men and pe blynde and pe croked
wip hem. And he went hym doune of pat
mountayne for pat he hadde gret pite of hem,
for hij leyen als it weren scheep by pe waye. And
Jhesus hem bigara to eonforten wip his swete wordes, 20
and he warisshed alio pe seek of her maladie. And
whan it was euensong tymc, his deciples comen to hym and
beden hym pat he schulde lete men fechen hym mete for
pat day. And Jesus badde his deciples to jiue pe poue?-e
men mete, and hij ansuereden and seiden pat hij ne 25
hadden noujth forto jiuen hem. And po whan Jesus
seij pat pere were comen mo, pan seide he to seint
Phelip : ' Where niowje we biggera mete forto fede wip
al pis folk 1 ' — And pat he seide to prouen hym, for whi
he wist wel what he schulde done. And Philipp 30
ansnered & seide pat two hundrep penys worp of
brede ne schulden nouath suffisen forto parten it amowges

O O

hem, vchon of hem a schyuer of bred. And Jesus hym
asked hou many loues hij hadden. And seint Andrew

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The Pepysian Gospel Harmony 47

seide pat pere was a childo pat haddo fyiie barly loues
and two fissches, ac pat nys bot a litcl worp among so
mychel folk. And po comaumled Jesus pat hij schuldcn
brynge for]? pe fyuc loues and pe twcie fissches, and pat
5 hij duden it par ten among pe folk by hundrepes & by
fyftyes, and done hem ay t ten adoune on pe grease. And
so hij duden. And Jesus loked towardes pe heuene and
jalde graces to his fader, and blissed pe loues and pe
fyssches and brake hem & delivered hem to his decuples,

10 and hij jeuen it to pe folk. And whan hij hadden eten
as mychcl as pai wolden, pan comaunded Jesus pat hij
sehulden gader pe relef to gider. And hij jeden and
gedereden it, and filden twelue lenes ful of relef. And
po comau??ded Jesus his deciples pat pid jeden alio ajein

15 in to pe schippe, and pat hij retwnedeu ajeire to Beth-
sayda til pat he hadde deliuered hym of pe folk. And
hij po wenten hem forp as Jesus hem comaunded. And
alle pe folk, whatt hij seiden pat Jesus hem hadde fedde
so plenty[u]ouslich wip so litel }?ing, hij seiden certeynlich

20 pat he was verray prophete. For whi pei seijen wel pat
pere were fyue pousaude men, wip outen children & wip
outen wymmen. And po pai speken amonges hem pat
hij wolden alle maken hym her kyng wip strenkpe. &
per whiles was Jesus vpon pe moimtayne for to honouren.

25 And so bifel pat his deciples weren so bistadde wip

tempest *pat hij myjtten noujlh passen in none nianere. *[p. ip,
And whan it com towardes pe day vpon p«t ny[jt]h, so
com Jesus towardes hem vpon pe wawes. And lie made
semblaunt as he wolde haue passed hem. And po hij

30 seiden hym hij hadden alle so gret dredde pat hij
quakeden and seiden pat it nas noujth bot fanteme. And
Jesus spak to hem also swipe, and badde hem haue no
drede, for it was hymself. And pan ansuered seint
Peter and seide : ' Sir, jif it be je, comauudep pat ich

35 com to 30U vpon pe water.' And Jesus hym badde he
schulde come. And seint Peter styrtte out of pe schippe,
and jede vpon pe water to Jesu. And so com a gret
wyndes blast, & seint Peter was sore adradde & bigan to

19. plenty\%i]/ntslich : plentynouslich. 26. none] nonone.
27. ny[}t]h : nyjh, with the 3 deleted.

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48 The Pepysian Gospel Harmony

syuke adovm. And he bigan to crie aloudo to Je,s'u pat
he schulde hyni sauen. And Jesus also swipe bede hym
take his honde & helde hym perby, & asked hym why
pat he was so sore adradd : & he ledde hym wip hym
to pe schippe. And pe tempeste bigan also snipe forto 5
seseu, & pe schippe was also suipe pere hij wolden ben.
And vpon pe moroWje pe folk pat Jesus bad yfedde
bijwujtten liem pat pere nas no schippe bot pat schippe
pat Jesus hadde brou^th, and pat he nas 110113th entred
wip his deciples. And [liij] entrederi in to anoper 10
schippe pat com from Thybery so forp, and come to
Capharnaum forto seche Jesu. And whan hij liym
hadden yfounden, hij askeden Jesu hou it ferde of hym
& hou hym was bitydde. And Jesus hem ansuered &
seide pat hij ne soujtten hym lioujth for his sarmou?*- 15
nynge, bot for he schulde hem jiue mete. And he badde
hem po J?at hij schulden sechera suich mete pat neuer-
more schulde roton. And [hij] ansuereden and seiden
pat her auncetres hadden yeten manna in desert whan
Moyses hadde ledde hem out of Egypte. And Jesus 20
hem seide pat Moyses ne ^af hem nonjth manna, ac
God his fader jaf it hem. And ho wolde more jiuen
hem jif hij Avolden bileeuen in hym, for he wolde ^iuen
hem his owen body and his owene bloode. And jif hij
it eten & drunken hij schulden haue lyf wipouten ende : 25
and wit/i outen pat, hij ne schulden neuere haue pe lyf
wt't/i outen ende. And whan Jesus hadde pus yspeke
mykel pere of, hij bigujmen forto grucchen and for to
speken, and askeden amonges hem hou it so myjth be pat
he myjth 3iue his flesche & his bloode to eten and to 30
drinken. And many of his deciples hym leften and

wenten fiam [hym]. And po seide Jesus to his twelue
'[p."i apostles: *' Wil ic go from me?' And sein Peter hym

col. 2.] l .

ansuered : ' Sir, to which ope?1 schulde we gon ? pou

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haste so rijtful techynge and so swete woord, and pou 35
bihotest vs pe lyf wip outen ende. And peij alle ne
vnderstonde we nou^th pat pou seist, wel we witen
pat pou 9rt Crist, Goddes son.' And po seide Jesus
pat on of hem twelne was a fende. And pat he seide
of Judas, pat hym bitraied. 40

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The Pepysian Gospel Ftarnwny 49

§ 50 . Hou j?at Jhesus heled alle bo )>at corner to

hym in Genesareth.

n pat tyme went Jesus in Genesareth. And also
suipe he was knowen of pe folk of pe cuutree ; &
hij lepen suipe oner al pe cuntre and broi^tten alle
pe seek to Jesu, & bisou^ttew hym, syttande on
knees, noUjth elles bot forto touchen pe hemnie of
his mantel. & he hem graunted. And all po pat
toucheden hym weren warisshed.

§ 51 Hou J?at Jhesus ansuered to ]?e maisters ]?at

reproueden his deciples for pat hij ne

wesshen nou3th her hondes er pat hij
eten bred.

jppen com Jesus in to Galile. & comen pe
maistres fram Jerusalem and seijen his deciples
10 ^ eten er pat hij hadden wasschen her hondes, vpe
pe vsage pat Jewes hadden pat weschen er pat
hij eten. And hij askeden Jesu wharfore his
deciples ne kepede?} noujth pe lawje and pe
vsages pat her auncestres helden. And Jesus
15 hem asked whi pat hij ne kepeden noujth Goddes
comaundement ; for whi God comaunded pat man
schulde helpe fader & moder. And pe Jewes ansuerdew.
& seide?i pat it were better to %iuen her chateux in to
pe temple pan forto ^iuen it fader oiper moder. And
20 many oper pinges hij duden ajeins Goddes lawje porou^
her oweno ordinaunces & porouj her settynge. And po
cleped Jesus pe folk vn to hy[m] and seide pat pe mete
pat entred in to her moupes ne filed no 113 th man, ne
noujth hym schent. And si pen whan Jesus com horn
25 to his jn pan seiden his deciples pat pe Phariseus weren
schent of his wordes. And Jesus hem badde ' Ne liue
3e 110 tale,' for hij weren alle blynde. And seint Peter
hym bisoujth wip goode wille of hert pat he wolde
apertelich siggen hem his entent. And Jesus ansuered

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50 The Pepydan Gospel Harmony

& seide pat ping pa[t] entrep in to pe moup ne entrep
noujth wip jnne pe hert, & perfore ne file]? it noujth pe
soule. Bot frani pe herte porouj pe moup com en many
wicked wordes, & poujttes, manslaujttres, avoutries,
fornicacions, fals wytnesses, sclaundres, envie, pryde, & 5
folie : & alia pise pinges soylen pe soule. Bot mete to
eten wip vnwasschen honden ne filep no^th pe soule.

§ 52 * Hou Jhesus heled pe Chananens dou3tter.

* [p. 20,

coi.i.]' (^i jpj^en wont Jmm toward Surrye and toward
Gades. & com an hepen womman of pat
cuntree and bisou^th Jesu pat he wolde cacehen 10
out a fende pat was in her doujtter. And Jesus
ne ansuered hir no wordo. And his deciples
bisou^tten liym pat he wolde dryuen pe fende
fram hir, for sche hadde cried to hem and
bisoujth hem to bidde for hire. And Jhesus hem 15
ansuered & seide pat he uas noujth sent bot to Jewes.
And Jhesus po we?it hym forp al pryuelich and entred
in to an hous. And pe womrna?* com & fel at his feete
and bisoujth hym mercy. And Jesus hire seide pat it
nas nou^th goode to take pe bred pat children schulde 20
haue & iiuen it pe houndes. And sclie ansuered and
seide pat pe houndes eten pe crommes pat fellen of her
lappes. And po seide Jesus to pe womman : ' Mikel is
pi treup; & rijth as pou wilt so be it done, & for pi
trewe woorde is pe fend went out of pi doujtter,' And 25
whan sche com horn to hire in, sche fonde hire doujtter
liggen vpon hir bedde and pe fende out of hire.

1, Jwp]: pcm. 7- soule] below the line.

15. avd] repeated.

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52 The Pepysian Gospel Harmony

partew amonge pe folk. & litel fyssches pai hadden, &
pat lie Hissed & dude ^iue» it hem. And hij eten so
pat hij weren fulle. And whan hij hadden alle yeten,
his deciples jeden & gedreden seuene leepes ful of relef.
And jut were pere fonre pousaud men, wip oaten children 5
& wymme[n]. & po lete Jesws hem passen.

§ 55 Hou Jhesus ansuered to be Phariseus

in Madagon.

o wente Jesus to a schippe, & went to pe cuntre of
Magadon. & pere conien pe Phariseus, & bisou^tten
Jesu pat he schewed hem sum manere tokenyng of
heuene. And Jesus hem ansuered pot pe tokenynges 10
of pe fair weder and of pe tempeste liij coupe knowen,
& perfore hij schulden habbe non hot of Jonas pe
prophete.

§ 56 Hou bat Jesus comforted his deciples whan
hij hadden fo^eten to take brede wib hem.

S

jppen went Jesus in to a schippe, & his deciples
for^eten to nyme bred wip hem in to pe schippe. 15
And Jesus badde hem pat hij schulden fleije pe
wicked nesse of pe Phariseus & of pe Saduceens
and of pe Herodianes. And hij poujtten pat
Jesus it seide for pat hij hadden for^eten to take
brede wip hem. And Jesus hem vndernam of her 20
litel bileue, & badde hem pat pai schulden bipenken hem
of pe relef of pe fyue loues and hou many men weren
fedde perwip. And po vnderstoden hij pat Jhesus seide
it noujth hot for pat hij scholden fleije pe aprise of pe
Phariseus & of pe fals bileueande men. 25

6. tvymme[n'\ : wymme. 15. hem] e written above deleted y.

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The Pepysian Gospel Harmony 53

57 Hou Jhesus spytted in a blynde mannes

ei5en and heled hym.

lj>J>en com Jhesus to Bethsayda. & hij broujtten

la blynde man tofore Jesu, & bisoujtten hym J?o

alle forto hele pat blynde man. And Jesus name

ihym by pe honde & ledde hym out of pe toim, and

Jspatte in his eijen and touched hym w\p Lis howden

f& asked hym 3if he seij oujth. And pe man seide

'$e,' }?at he seij men gon and ferden as treen.

And Jesus touched anopw tyme his eijen, & pan he seij

alle manere J>inges clerelich. And Jesus badde hym gon

10 horn to his owen hous, & J?at he seide to nomaw any J?iii(r.

§58 *Hou bat Heroudes douted hym of Jesu. *B».aiJ

col. 1.

n a tyme herde Heroudes tellow of Jesus werkes pat
he dude. & he dredde hym, for pat he herde telle
pat John pe baptist was risen from dep to ly ve, and
hym self Jrou^th it also. And summe oper seideu
pat it was summe oper of pe olde prophetes pat was
risen from dep to lyue. And perfore lie desired
mychel for to see Jesu.

59 Hou Jesus bare hym at j?e fest [of] loges t
fe7'e he deliuered be womman & heled a
blynde man.

fter pat so neijhed pe feste of loges and Jesus was

A in Galilee. And his cosynes baden hym pat jif

he dude pe memeiles a Goddes halue pat lie 3ede

pva to pe feste to Jerusalem, pat his deciples

mijtten seene his werkes. For whi his owen

cosynes no leueden noujth in hym. And po seide

Jesus pat lie nolde pan goo to pe feste, for pe

25 tyme^of liym ne schewed noujth 3utt, ne nonjth was »ntt

yeomen. Bot he badde hem wende vn to pat feste, for

her tyme was euermorc : for pe werlde hem loued & hated

— isi

| loges] longes.

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54 The Pepysian Gospel Harmony

hym, for he spake yuel of hyra. And po wenten his
cosynes to pe feste : and Jesus bilefte forto pat hij were
gon, and supen he jede after pryuelich. Sz pe folk pat
was comen to pat feste askeden gretlich after Je*'u. And
summe seiden pat he was goode, & summe seiden pat lie 5
was wicked and hitraied pe folk. And whan pe feste
was plenoer, pan com Jesus in to pe temple and preched
to pe folk. And hij badden gret inerueile hou he conpe
pe lawje & neuere hadde lerned lettre. And po seide
Jesus pat his techynge was nou3th of hyra self, bot of 10
God bis fader pat hym pider sent. And he reproued hem
pat hij wolden hym slee, and schewed hem pat hij hadden
wrong. For whi, ne hadden hij no circumcisioim vpon
pe sabat 1 And hij ansuereden and seiden pat he mysdude,
pat warissched and heled men vpon po sabat. And po 15
seiden summo pat it was Crist. Aod summe seiden pat
it was wonder pat pe princes tooken hym noujth, suppe
pat hij soujtten hym forto slee & he was pere in presence.
And whan Jesus hadde mykel spoken to pe folk, pe
princes & pe Pharisous herden and sei3en pat pe folk was 20
gretlich ameued of Jhesus prechynge, and gedreden to
gider men and setten sergeauntj forto take Jesu. Bot
also suipe as pai hadden herde his worde hij ne myjtten
habbe no wille to done hym none yuel ne non harme, ac
retownedew hem ajein to her lordes. And hij hem 25
askedett whi pat pai ne bro^th hym noujth wip hem.
•[p. 2i, *And pe sergeauntj ansuereden and seiden pat neuor jutt
spake man as Jesus dude. And hij askeden : ' Hou !
What ! Aren je bigiled? Ne penchep noujth pat neuere
none Phariseus ne leueden neuer jutt in hym, bot pis 30
lewed folk pat ben acursed;' And pan spake Nmhodemus
& seide— who was it pat com to fore Jesu, pat was a god
[man] — pat pe lawje da??zpned soman wip outen jngge-
ment. And hij hym askeden wip wrappe jif he were of
Galilee, and seiden pat no prophete myjth be ne come 35
from pennes. & pus hij wenten hem hom to her jnnes.
And vpon pe morowe Jesus entred in to pe temple &
preched to pe folk. And pan comen pe maistres and pe

8. to] above the line. 13. ne hadden hij] hij tie hadden. Cf.
Job. vii, 23.

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Phariseus, and broujtten a woraman amonge al pe folk
pat was po taken for avoutrie. And hij tolden it Jesu
and askeden hym what hij schulden done wip hire — for
Moyses comaunded pat men schulden stene swich a
5 womman to depe. And pat duden hij pat jif he hadde
seide * Stone]? hire,' hij wolden alle haue destried hym &
ban seide pat he hadde ben to hasty f & to cruel. And pe
folk pat helden hym so ful of pyte and of mercy wolden
. p& lesse haue loued hym. And 3if ho hadde yseide ' Lete

10 hire go quyte",' hij wolden pan haue taken hym and holden
hym als he pat ydone ajeins pe lawe of God. & po whan
Jhesus seij hem come he bigan to stoupen adoune, and
purtrayed in pe erpe pat pe wommau hadde no schame ne
were yschent. And hij stoden toforne hym and askeden

15 hym felonlich what pai scholden done wip pat womman.
And Jesus redressed hym, & byheldo hem rijth harde, and
seide bem pat whiche of hem were wip outen synne caste
to hir pe first ston. And also swipe he stouped anoper
tynie adoune and purtraied eft in pe erpe. And pe Jewes

20 also swipe wenten hem out of pe temple, euer pe eldest
fyrst, als sone as pei mijtten gon. And whan Jesus seij
pat hij weren alle agon, pan turned ho hym towardes pe
womman wel suetelich and seide : * Womman, where ben
hij pat biwryeden pe 1 Ne dampned noman pel' ' No

25 sir,' sche seide, 'noman.' And Jhesus bire ansuered and
seide : ' Ne ich ne sehal dampne po. Goo, & synne
nomore.' And po bigan Jesus to proue pat he was Goddes
son, and pat hij weren pe deuels children, and nou3t
Abraham sones. And so longe he tened hem pat hij

30 wolden haue stoned hym. And Jesus hidde hym and
went out of pe temple. And als he jede out, he seij a
blynde man sytten pere pat was of his age. And Jhesus
deciples askeden whepere pat it were for his *synnes pat
he was blynde, oiper for pe synnes of his auncetres pat lie

35 was blynde borne. And Jesus hem seide pat for ncuere
noiper, hot forto schewe pe power of God in hym. And
po spytted Jesus in to pe erpe & made a litcl clay wip his
spatel and smered pe blynde monnes eijen, and badde
hym gon and wasschew hem at pe water of Syloy. And

40 be 3ede, & com ajein to Jesu seande, Nou his aeijburs

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pat hadden ysei^en hym blyntle & pouer, ne knewen hym
noujth for pat hij seijen hym seande. Bot noujth
for pan lie tolde hem pat Jesus hym hadde yheled. And
for pat it was on pe aabate his neijboures hym ladden to
pa Phariseus. And pai askeden hym hou pat it was, aud 5
in what manere. And he hem tolde pat Jesus hadde
ydone ifc vpon pe sabat. And he seide it hem so swetelich
and so dignelich for Jesus sake, pat for pure jre hij dryuen
hym away. And Jesus herd telle hou pai dryuen hym
away, and jedc hym self after forto sechen hym. And 10
whan Jesus hym had yfounde, he asked hym jif he leued
oujth in Goddes son. And he ansuered and asked what
was he pat. And Jesus hym scide : ' Ich it am.' And
lie also swipe fel adoune to his fete and honoured hym, &
seide pat he leued in hym. Nou hadden pe Jewes jugged 15
amonges hem pat who so were bikuowe pat Jesus was
Crist, pat he schulde be done out of her synagoge. And
Jesus bigan to schewe pat he was sopefast li^th of pis
werlde and trewe schepehii-de, and pe princes & pe
Phariseus so weren blynde and peues & mawsleers and 20
bitaujtte to pe fende.

§ 60 Hou bat Jhesus warned his deciples first

of his passioun.

fterwardes so bifel pat Jesus jede hym self
prayande by pe waye, and his deciples wip hym.
And Jesus asked what pe folk seide of hym, what
man pat he were. And his deciples hym seiden 25
pat sumrae wenden pat he were John pe baptyst,
and siifflme wenden pat he hadde ben Elye, and
summe oper wende pat he were Jeremye, oiper
summe oper praphete. And pan asked he hem what pai
helden hym. And seint Peter ansuered and seide : ' pou 30
arte Goddes son, al hol[y] lyueande.' And po ansuered
Jesus hym and seide : ' J seie pe forsope pat pou art
Petre on wham j sella! founde my chirche. And pou
f, schalt haue power in heuene and in erpe & in helle '

16. bihwwe] biknoice amonges.

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T/ic Pepysian Gospel Harmony 57

And pan bigan Jesus to schewe to his deciples pat hym
byhoued to wende to Jerusalem forto be dampned of men
pa[t] werew *ybore, and of pe niaistres & of pe princes and * &??>
of pe folk, and for to ben yslawje : and pe pridde day he
5 schulde arise from dep to lyue. And po bigan seint Peter
forto wipsegge hym pat he hadde yseide so, for whi pat
schulde neuer bitide. And Jesus hym seide : ' pan
aduersaie, flei30 fro me, for pou me greuest; for whi pou
ne takest no jeme of God bot of pe folk"' And po cleped

10 Jesus al pe folk to hym and to his deciples and seide to
hem pat who so wolde folowen hym he moste forsake
hym self and nyme eueriche day his crouche vpon his bale
and folowen hym. And he seide hem pat pere were suich
in pe place pat ne scholden neuer dyen forto pat hij

15 seijen hym comen a3ein and wenden pere he wolde in to
blis wip his fader to be glorified.

S 61 Hou Jliesus was transfigured, and heled

a man pat was lunatyk.

Hjtte dayes afterwardes Jhesus took seint Peter &

1 seint James and seiwt John and wente hym vn to

an heije mountayne pryuelich forto preyen. And

per whiles pat Jesus prayed his face bicom schyne-

lande so pe Sonne, and his eloping bicom white als

[pe snow & rijth brijth. And po comen Moyses

and Elias and tolden hou he scholde be pyned in

Jerusalem. And po seide seint Petre to Jesu : ' Sir, it is

25 goode pat we duellen here. $it it be joure wille, do we

so, sir, pre dayes felle : on to jou, anopere to Moyses, and

- pe pridde day to Hely.' And pus he seide for drede, for

he nnste neuere what he myjth sugge. And wip pat hij

seijen a brijth cloude of pe firmament amonges hem, and

30 a voice out of pat cloude spekande to hem & seide : 'pis

is my dere son of wham j am wel apayed. Now herep

hym.' & hij fellen alle to pe erpe for gret drede. And

Jesus name hem vp & seide : ' Ne habbep no drede.' And

hij lokeden, & noujth hij ne seijen bot Jesu al one.

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And als hij 3eden adoura, Jesus hem defended pat liij ne
tolden it noman pat J>ai hadden herde and seen til pat
lie were arisen fram dep to lyue. And pan askeden hij
hym ^if Helye schulde come tofore pe day of juggement.
And Jesus hem ansuered and seide : ' iJis. He schal come 5
and apparaile pe state of pa folk,' hot also pai schulden
done of hym as pai duden of John pe Baptist or of hym
self. And vpon pat oper day, whan Jesus com doim of
pe raou»tayne, eo com pere mychel folk about en hym.
And Jesus com and fonde pe maisters disputyng wip his 10
deciples tofore pe folk. And also suipe as hij seijen hym
•[p. 23, hij ruranen *alleajeins hym and salueden hym wip mychel
" drede. And Jesus hem asked of what ping hij desputeden.

And pere com a man and seide pat he hadde ledde his
son pat was lunatyk to his deciples, & his deciples ne 15
myjtte?i 110113th warisshen hyjft. And Jesus hym hadde
pat he schulde hrynge his son toforne hym. & he asked
hym hou longe he hadde yhad p«t yuel. And he ansuered
& seide, suppen pat he was childe litel ; and ofte sipes so
hadde pe wicked fendo kaste hym in pe fyre & in watre 20
forto haue slayn hym. 'Ac }if pou my^th 0113th do
perto, suete sir, helpe me.' And Jhesus hym ansuered
and seide : ' Jch may wel done it 3if pat [pou] bileeuest it.'
And he cried al wepande and seide : ' Sir, ich hileue wel,
ac helpep me mysbileuande.' And also suipe as pe childe 25
com towardes Jesu, he fel adoun as he was woned to
done, and griselich demeyned, pat many seiden pat he
was ded. Aud Jesus comauttded pe fende to wende out
of hym suipe, and he flei3 out in haste. And Jesus took
pe childe als suipe and hitai^tte hym pe fader. Aud 30
whan Jesus com horn to his jn, pan asked his deciples
hym whi pat pai ne my3th nou^th dryue so out pe fende.
And Jhesus hem ansuered and seide, for her lytel hileue-
nesse pat hij hadden. And also he seide hem pat 3if hij
hadden stedfast bileue hij my3tten pan done alle pinges, 35
ac pis manere fende was nou3th dryuen out hot porou3
orisouw & poroii3 me.

22. hym"\ above the line.

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2% e Pepy$ict7i Gospel Harmony 59

§ 62 Hou Jhesus anoper tyme warned his deciples

of his passioun.

jpen went Jesus pryuelich in to Galilee. And
anoper tyine he warned his deciples of his pas-
sioim and of his resureccioura. And lie badde
hem pat hij schuldeu penche pere on, wharc tyme
come, what he hadde hem seide toforne hande.
And hij hicomen alle wel soroujful & wel drery,
for whi hij nysten neutr wheper he seide forsope,

oiper by ensaniple he seide. Ne non of hem ne (fhrst

asken his en tent ne his wille.

§ 63 Hou Jesus 3alde trewage, and tau5tte his
deciples to be alway debonair and mylde
& lowe of herte by pe waye.

fter pat com Jesus in to Caphamaum. And comen

liij pat gadreden pe trewage to pe emperoure of

Rome and askeden seint Petre yi Jesus jalde no

tr[e]vvage. And he sede, '3is.' And whan seint

Petre com horn, Jesus hym asked also swipe

wheper pe kyuges token trewage of her sones

oiper of strauuge men. And seint Petre seide

'Of strannge men.' 'pan hen pe sones free,' seide

Jesus. 'Ac pat we ne wrappe hem nou3th, goo *to pe *[P. 23

see,' he seide, ' & legge pine hooke, and in pe moup of co ' J'^

20 pe first fysche pat pou takest \>ou sclialt fyiule a peuy

pat schal be worp two treweages. 3iue it for me and
for pe.' And in pilk tyme Jesus asked his deciples what
pai hadden seide by pe waye. And hij helden hem all
stille. Now hadden his deciples disputed by pe waye

25 which of hem was most worpi. And hij comen and
askeden pus of Jcsu. And Jesus seij pe wrappe of hem,
and cleped a childe to hym and dude hym stonde by his
0 syde and leide his arme abouten hym, and seide to his
deciples pat bot hij weren als'mylde of hert as pat childe

30 was, hij 'ne schulden noujth entre?* in to pe blis of

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60 7%e Pepysian Gospel Harmony

heuene, ' For whi,' he seide, ' who so lowe]? hym als
pis childe dope, he is mest wotfpi. And who so resceyuep
scliuich a childe in my name, he resceyuep [me] . And
pe meste of 3011 alle, he is lest.' And pan ansuered seinfc
John and seide pat he hadde seene a man dryuen away 5
fendes in pe name of Jesu pat ne hadde 110113th folowed
hym. And hij it hadden pat man defended it pat he ne
dude it nomore. And Jesus hem comauMed pat hij ne
schuldera defenden hym notijth ; for noman, he seide,
pat dude myraclos in his name ne my 3th no tyme 10
myssiggen of hym. And who so were a^eins hym he were
ajeins hym self. And who so sclaundred a childe pat
leeued in hym, hym were better noujth hen yborne.
And po taii3tte Jesus hem pat hij schulden bynymen
hem pryuelich pat mysdeden, and foremen hem jif 15
hij bisou^ttera forjiuenesse ; and hot hij wolden amenden
her trespas, J?at hij schulden pan schewen it to her
prelate, and hot jif hij weren obeisschaunt to her
prelate, leten hem passen out of her compaynye. * And
al pat holy chirche wil juggen schal be stable and con- 20
fermcd toforne me. For whi,' he seide, ' pere two oiper
pie hep to gedre in my name, pere am ich amonges hem.'
And pan asked seint Peter hou ofte sipes he schulde
forsiue, jif men hym asked forjiuenesse, & }if he
schulde foi^iue seuen sipes. And po hym seide Jesus 25
a ta[l]eof a kyng pat repeled pe dette vponhis sergeaunt,
for pat he ne hadde nou3th done to hem als he hadde
done to hym self : and als ^chulde his fader to hem bot
3if hij fo^ouera wip goode hert alle her nei3bors.

20. schal] sc nearly defaced. 26, ta[l]e : take.

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2%c Pepysian Gospel Harmony 61

§ 64 Hou pat pe Samarithane werned Jesu

herberow;e.

lippen went Jesus in to Galilee, and afterwardes

I in to Jerusalem forto suffren his passioun. And

whan he com by Samorye he sent *messagers forto *lf-**<

kbiseehen heui pat hij wolden hym resceueu. And

Ihij ne wolden noujth resceyuen he?« for pat lie

F3ede to Jerusalem. And pan seiden James &

John : ' Sir, wil ^e pat we sigge pat fyre falle

from heuene and brenne hem?' And Jesus hym wip-

turned & wipname hem & seide : ' Xe witen 3c noujth

10 hou 30 scholden bere 3011 swetelich & soft 1 ' For whi

he nas no^tii comen forto take vengeaunce of pe folk,

hot for to sauen hem. And po went Jesus in to anoper

toure. And als he 3edo by pe weie, so asked a man hym

jif litel foik schulde be sailed. And Jesus ansuered pat

15 mychel of pat folk schulden be perisshed, and many

Sara3enes on euerych syde of pe werlde schulden ben

saued : & pe fyrst schulden ben pe last, & pe last

schidden ben first. And comen pe Phariseus to Jesu

and beden [hym] gon away, for Heroudes hym wolde

20 slen. And Jesus ansuered & seide : ' Gop to pat ilk

folk and seip hem pat ich schal dryue away fendes

to day, & to morne, & pe pridde day. And pan

schal it be ended.' For hij hadden nou3th herd

which prophete schuld die wipoute Jerusalem.

65 Hou Jliesus warisshed p% ydropyk & preened
to pe folk of lowenesse.

25 "fl ° bifel vpon a day, vpon a sabat, pat Jesus entred
in to a princes hous of pe Phariseus forto eten.
And a man pat hadde pe dropesye stode tofore
Jesu, And pe Jewes aspieden, ?if he heled any
man vpon pe sabat. And Jesus asked of pe

30 3 maisters & of pe Phariseus jlf men schulden do
godeuesse vpon pe sabat. And hii helden hem

11. take] I is partly defaced owing to a brown stain. 21. folk]
Rcad/oa:. 24. which prophete] repeated.

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62 jT/<c Pepi/sian Gospel Harmony

stille, & ne ansuereden 110113th. And Jesus touched pe
man, & heled hyra als swipe. And Jesus hem asked
which of hem it were pat ne wolde noujth drawen vp
his ox oijw his asse vpon pe sahat, $\f it were fallen in
a foule dyche. And hij ne 3011011 hym non ansuere. 5
And po tailjth Jesus his hostes pat whan hij weren
yheden to festcs, pat hij ne schulden 110113th chesen po
hei3est seetes. And also he taujt his hoste pat whan he
made feste jat he scliulde clepe pe meseise & pe pouer,
pat ne myjLten nou3th rewarded hym, and God it schulde 10
3elde in pat oper werlde. And pan seide on of his
hostes pat [he] was wel blissed who may ete in pe blisse
of heuene. And Jesus ansuered and seide pat many 1110
my^tli eten pere jnne pan pat wolden come pere. And
pan seiJe Jesus a tale of a man pat made a gret feste. 15
& whan it Avas al redy, pan forsoken al pe folk hym,
[p. 24, & nolden noujth comen pe?"to : somme for pat *he wolde
seen his toun, suwtme for pat he Avolde prouen his oxen,
sumnie for pat he hadde taken wyf. And pe heije men
of pe cimtreo forsoken it, & maden hem wrop, and seiden 20
pat non of hem schulden ete wip hym. And he dude
pan clepe pe pouer and pe seek in'her stedes, and filled
ful his hous, and fested hem.

8 66 Hon Jhesus spak by pe waye a5eins t

flesclich lustes.

col. 2.]

S

jppen went Jesus forp toward Jerusalem, and
mychel folk hym Mowed. And he hiturned hym, 25
and seide pat who so wolde come to hym he nioste
^leue all fleschlich likynges and loues, and take his
croice vpon his bak and comen after hym, }if he
wolde hen his deciple. And also he seide hem, pat
rijth as who so makep and settep an heije toure wil 30
bipenken hym first ^if he it may enden, and also as a
kyng pat ne hap bot ten pousande men bipenchep hym
hou he my3th holden a3ein anoper kyng pat comep
ajeins hym wip twenty pousande men ; also, he seide,

f af.ins] a a$cins.

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27tc Pcpysian Gospel Harmony 63

' he }?at wil bo my deciple, hym bihouej? to bipencheM
hym wel streitlich forto leton al }?ing pat destourble}? my
loue.'

§67 Hou Jhesus ansuered hem pat gruccheden for

pe synful mew,

fter pat comen pe publicanes & pe synful men,
and neijeden Jesu forto heron hym. And pe
Pliariseus & pe maisfcres gruccheden, and seiden
pat he disceyued pa folk, and jut neuere pe latter
hij eten wip hym. And Jesus po tolde hem
pre tales, and tolde hem hou hij schulden done.
' Forwhi,' he seide, ' pe schepehirde hnp more ioye
of a beste pat he hap forlorn, whan he it hap yfounde,
pan of an hundrep oper bestes. And more ioyo haj» a
womman of a peny pat sche ha}? forlorne, whan sche it
ha}? yfounde, pan of ten opere pens pat sche ha}? in hire
15 cofre. And also,' he seide, 'happe fader more ioye of
his son pat ha}? trespased & mys done, P0113 he al bare
fote & naked come horn and wil come to amendemerat,
}?an he ha]? of alle hise oper sones ]?at neuere duden }?ing
ajeins licr fader comaundement. And also,' seide Jesus,
20 ' more joyful ben pe angels of a synful man }?at repentep
hym by an hundre}? part, }?an of a pousande ope;1 rijth
pat ne habben no nede to done penaunce.'

§68 Hou Jhesus tau5t his deciples for to be ful
of pyte, & vndername pe Phariseus of
her felonye & of her envie.

o taujt Jesus hia deciples forto be pitouse, and
tolde hem ensample of a sergeaunt of which his
lorde woldo bynymen hym *pe kepynge of a toim *[y, 25,
* "pat he hadde taken hym to kepe, for }?at he herd c° '
telle }?at he hadde destreyed his goodes. And
pe sergeant purchaced hym many frendes, and
quyted his lordes dette wel and faire. And whan
30 his lorde it herd teller, he }?onked God & praised hym

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for pat he had done so wiselich. ' For pe folk of pe
werlde,' seide Jesus, 'hep wiser in her manere pan oper
men ben towardes hem.' Now herden pe Phariseus
tellen, pat weren coueitouse, hou Jesus ta3t his deciples
forto done alnies and forto despise pis werlde ; and per- 5
fore lowjen hij hym to scorne, for pat God bihett help &
honoure to hem pat kepen pe lawje. And pan vndernam
hem Jesus of her ypocrisie, and tolde hem pat pe tyme
of pe werldes goodes ne schulde 110113th lasten bot in to
pe tyme of John pe baptist, for fram pat tyme forp- 10
wardes God bihijth to his sergeauntj pe blisse of heue»:
and who so wil it haue he moste concpiere it wip strengpe.
And pan schewed hem Jesus pat in pe elde lawje God
hated auarice and loued penaurace, and tokle hem en-
saumple. ' Jt was a riehe man/ he seide, ' pat lyued so 15
eisilich and also faire as he myjth, and ete ilch day
deliciouse metes. & so pere was a mesel pat com to his
gate and was ful of sores & of vermyne, and he desired
pe enemies pat layen on pe riche mannes boorde. And
noman ne 3af hym noujth, but token pe houndes and 20
bay ted hym from pe gate, And pe hou[n]des comen and
likkedew his fete. And onon pe mesel dyed, and [his]
soule was taken & borne wip aungels and leide in
Abrahames barme. And aftcrwardes dyed pe riche man,
and his soule was taken and borne wip fendes in to helle. 25
And in as mychel as her state was diuers her in
pis werlde, by als mychel is it dyuers in pat oper
werlde.'

§ 69 Hou Jesus tau3tte his deciples hou hij
schuldeu flei^cn sclaunder.

I jpen a noper tyme tau^tte Jesus his deciples pat 30
I hij schulden fleije sclaundre ; and pat hij wip-

nomen hem pat mysdeden, or pat hij seijen
kmysdo; and pat hij forjouen hem pat askeden
Iforjiuenesse, to hem pat bisoujtten forjiuenesse,
fas ofte sipes as pai repenteden hem. Jjan by-

soujtten pe apostles Jesu pat he schulde strenkpen 35

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2%e Pcpysian Gospel Harmony 65

her bileue. And Jesus hem ansuered }?at ^if hij bilcueden
stedfastly, hij schulden mowje done al ]?at hij wolden
done. And be bisoujth hem oner al ]?ing }?at hij ne
schulde noujth cliiden of her dedes. ' For who is it,' he
5 seide, ' J?at saij> to his seruaunt as swij>e as lie come]?
from his werk : " Go and ete " 1 First he sei]? hym ]?at
he grei]?e his lordes mete; and whan *he ha]? scrued his *[i>. 2%
lord, ]?an go]? he & sitte)? and etc]?. And noman ]?anke]?
hym of al ]?at he ha]? done. And also ich telle 30U/
10 quo)? Jesus, ' whan 36 habbe]? al ]?is done )?at 3011 is
comaimded, sigge]? ]?an : " We be]? vildigne and none
sotile seruauntj. We habbe]? done ]?at we owe]? to
done J?orou3 dette." '

§ 70 Hon Jesus heled ten mesels.

fter J?at com Jesus cntrande in to a toim. And

comen ten mesels metande hym, and crieden hym

mercy from fer. And Jesus badde hem gon and

schewen hem to pe prestes, ]?at hij myjtten wyt-

nessen it. And als hij 3eden alle for]? hij bicomen

alle clene. & on of hem, ]?at was a Samaritane,

also swi]?e as he sei3 ]?at he was clene, he re-

towrned hym a3ein and J?anked God, and com and fel

to Jesus feete and cried hym mercy. And J»an seide

Jesus : ' What ! Ne aren nou3th alle J?e ten clene 1

Where )?an be]? p& nyne? fiere nys 11 on of hem alle

25 ]?at rotourned and ]?anke]? God hot ]?is aliene.' And

Jesus hym bad arise and go for]?, for ']?i bileue ]?e ha]?

sailed.'

1. bileiieden] second stroke of n defaced.

GOSPEL HARMONY

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§ 71 Hou Jhesus ansuered to pe Phariseus pat
askeden hym whan Crist schulde come.

Sjppen comen pe Phariseus, and askeden of Jesu
whan Crist schulde comen. And Jesus hem au-
suered & scide pat pe regne of Crist ne schulde
noujt come porouj spyes; for wbi al pa weilde
schulde wel wite whan he come. 'And nojt 5
for pi,' he seide, ' Crist is amonges jou.' po seido
Jesus to his deciples pat pe tyme scholde como
pat liij wolden desiren o day forto seen hym in erpe, and
jut ne scholden hij noujth seen hym : bot er pat com he
moste be forsaken of pe folk, and suffren diuers peynes. 10
And pan seide he hem hou it schulde he at his comynge.
And he taujt hem hou hij schulden ajeins pat comyng,
. pat schal be so dredeful, ordeynen hem & amenden liem
poiouj orisoun and lowenesse. And he seide hem pat
hem bihoued alle to praien : and jaf hem alle ensaumple 15
of a wikked nigger pat was in a cite, pat wiphelde pe
rijttes of a widewe rijth longe, & noujth forpan so mychel
sche bisoujth hym of mercy pat at pe last he dude hir
rijth forto deliuereu hym of hir. 'And wel more,' lie
seide, ' schal God do for hem pat ben ychosen, jif hij 20
bisechen hym nijth & day.' And sipen he tolde hem on
ensaumple of a folic pat affieden hrm in her godes & her
richesses, & despised oper men. He seide : ' It was a
Pharisew & a publicanc, & hij jeden in lo po temple
[p. 26, *forto pray en. And pe Phariseu stode and panked God 25

col. 1.]

pat he nas noujth liche pe synful man, and namelich pat
ho nas noujth suich as pe publicanes weren : and he
recorded alle his goode dedes. And pe publicane stoode
a fer & nolde noujth loke vp towardes pe heuene, bot
knocked pryuelich vpon his breest and cried God mercy 30
als pat ho was synful. And wel wite je,' quod Jesus,
'patpe publicane was herd tofore God, and pe Phariseu
was refused. For whi who so hcijep hym, he schal be
lowed ; & who so lowep hym, ho schal be heijed.'

•

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68 TAe Pepysian Gospel Harmony

And who so nys noujth swich as child is, he ne schal
noujth come pers June.' And pan biclept Jesus pe
children and hlissed hem, and jede hym for]?.

§ 74 Hou Jhesus ansuered to pe *prynce pat
co[l'22]' asked hym hou he rri^th be sailed.

As Jesus went bi pe waye, so com. pere a prince
pat was riclie and 3ongp, & kneled toforo Jesu and 5
asked hym what he schulde done forto haue lyf
wip outen ende. And Jesus hym seide : ' Who
so wil haue pe lyf wip outen ende, loke pat he
kepe pe comaundementj of God.' And he asked
which it were. And Jesus reherced hym pe 10
coniauwdement^ of pe ekle lawje. And he seide he
hadde hem kepte al his lyue : and he asked what pere
failede jett. And Jesua bihelde hym amyablelich, and
seide hym pat jif he wolde be ri^th profyt and siker, pat
he jede & seide alle his godes and ^aue it to pouer men 15
& com and folowjed hym, & he schulde haue it al in
tresore toforne hym in heuene. And whan pe riche man
had herde pis he went hym forp al soroujful and mowrn-
ende, for pat he hadde many richesses. And po seide
Jesus to his deciples pat vnnepes schulde auy riche man 20
entren in to pe blisse of heuene. And his deciples alle
abayschten of his word. And po seide Jesus to hem pat
who so hym afh'ep in his richesse ne may nomore entren
wip inne pe blisse of heuene pan a camel may porouj
a nedel hole. And pan hadden his deciples wel more 25
merueile, and seiden : ' Who may pan be saued ? ' & pan
ansuered Jesus and seide, a nemptes man myjth it noujth
be, ac God hym myjth chastisen. And po asked seint
Petre of Jesu : ' What schal be oure mede, pat habbep
forsaken al ping & habbep ysewed pel' And Jesus 30
ansuered and seide pat hij schulden be wip hym & juggen
pe folk of Jsrael at pe day of dome. And also he seide :
1 Alle po pat leten her fader & moder & her kynred &
her frendes & her goodes for my loue, an hundrep so
mychel hij schullen resceyuen in pat opera werlt, and 35

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pe lyf wipouten ende. Bot many schullen be first pat
weren last, and pe last schullen be first.' And panne
tolde Jesus hem an ensauwple of a man pat bronjth
werk men in to his vyner. And he paied hem pat
5 comen late raper, & als mykel 3af hem as hem pat comen
first.

§ 75 Hou Jesus warned his deciples pe pridde

tyme of his passioim.

fter pat, whan Jesus jede foip towardes Jerusalem,
alle pat hym siwenden so weren grotlich abaysclit
& afrayde, for pat hij weren pere aspyed. And
Jesus went po tofore, and name pe twelue apostles
wip hym, Sz he tolde hem pat a's sone as pai
comen in to Jerusalem schulde pe holy scripture
be fulfilde, Sz al pe prophecie pat was of his
passioim Sz of his *iesureccioun. And he seide hem al pe *[p. 27,
15 manere. Ac hij ne vnderstoden it noujth, for pat he
nolde noujth make hem to soro^fid. And pan com
seint James moder & seint Jones [wip hir sones] and
bisou3tli hym pat hij myjtten sitten wip hym, pat on
on po rijth honde and pat oper on pe left honde, nerrer
20 hym pan any oper in his regne. And Jesus hem ansuered
pat hij nysten nere what hij bisoujtten. And po asked
he hem jif hij inyjtten drynke of bis drynk, & forto be
baped in his bape. And hij seiden, ' Je.' And pa«
seide Jesus pat of his drynk pai schulden drynk, and in
25 his bap ben ybaped ; bot forto sytten on his rijth syde
oiper on his left syde, pat ne wolde he noU3th graunten
hem for no cosynage, bot to hem pat his fader hadde
destined it. And onon rijttes pe ten apostles liadden
envie pat po tweie breperen liadden ymade pat bisecbyng.
30 And Jesus cleped hem to hym, and seide hem pat it ne
schulde nou3th be so amonges [hem] als amonge pe
seculer men : for who so wolde be moste maistcr of hem
he schulde be siigett of alle, als hym self hadde ben
amonges hem rijth als her sernaunt, and forto jiuen his
35 lyf for to bigge alle synful from pyne.

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§76 Hou Jhesus warisshed a blynde man as he

entred in to Jericho.

Anon ri^ttes as Jesus com in to Jerico, a pouere
blynde man, pat was bisides pe waye, asked pe
folic pat was pere 11013, who pat was pat passed
pere forby. And pe folk seiden pat it was Jesus
of Najafeth pat went pere for]?. And bo bigan 5
to crye als swipe to Jesu pat be schulde haue
mercy on bym. And hi] pat ^eden tofore beden
bym pat be schulde habbeu bis pes. And he cried po
wel ludder. And Jesus po wipstode and asked po what
he wolde. And he seide he wolde habbeu bis sijtb, 10
And Jesus seide, ' Haue pi sijth.' And lie seij also swipe,
and jede for]? wip Jesu. And alle pe folk pan Ranked
God.

§ 77 Hou Jhesus twrned pe heued to 3achews, &
tolde hym an ensample of X besaunt';.

1*

o entred Jesus in to Jerico. And a riccbe man
pat hijth 3acheus, pat was chief bailyf of pat 15
cuntree, desired gretlich to seen Jesu : and he ne
myjth noujth seen bym for pe pres of folk, for lie
was schort & litel. And he ran tofore and clombe
vp in to a sikamoure, forto seen Jesu ar he went
out of pat cuntree. And Jesus, whan he com 20
pere ajeins, he wipstoode and bihelde hym vpwardes, and
avised bym and badde bym come doura of pat tree
hastilich and herberouje hym. And be ali^th adoun as
swipe, and resceiued hym wip gret ioye. And alle pat it
*oCiP'22]' seijen *gi'uceheden, and seiden pat Jesus was turned 25
towardes a synfid man. And po com ^acheus and stoode
tofore Jesu, and seide pat he schulde jeue pe haluendel of
his chateus to pe pouer ; and pat opere half he schulde
jiue in foure parties, yii it so were pat he badde ytaken
of any mannee wip wrong. & pan ansuered Jesus & 30
seide pat alle his meynee trer.cn ysaued pat day, for pat
19. vp] above the line.

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lie hadde chastised hem & was rijtliful. And pis he seide
pat he was comen forto feechen and to sauen alle po pat
weren forlorne. And after wavdes tolde Jesus a tale of
ten besaunt^, pat a gret lordynge took to his sergeauntj
5 and bad pat hij schulden marchauuden pere wip als pai
wenten in to vnkoup cuntrees forto wynnen hym a
reaume. And pat vnderstoden hij pat he hadde yseide
forto ben a kyng als suipe as ho com to Jerusalem. Ac
he dude hem wel to vnderstonde put pe Jewes schulde
10 noujth resceyuen pat kyngdom, for pat ne wolden hym
resceyuen ; and perfore hij schulden be« destrued : and
pat lie schulde come at pe day of dome to schewen hym
pat lie were kyng, and he schulde jelde vehe man after
pat he hap deserued,

78 Hon Jhesus warisshed tweie blynde men as

he went out of Jherico.

15 f^jppsn went Jesus out of Jherico; and two blynde

I men seten by pe waye and herden telle pat Jesus

passed pere, and hij bigunnen to crien a loude to

iJesu, 'Merci!' And pe folk beden hem to be

jstille, and ben in pes. And hij bigunnen to cryen

2o L fwel hei3er and pe more. And Jesus wipstode, and

asked hem what hij wolden. And hij ansuereden

pat hij my^tten 110113th seen. & Jesus touched her eijen,

and hij sei3en als suipe, and 3edeu forp wip hym. And

pat 011 of hem tweie liijth Bartholomew.

§ 79 Hou Jhesus ansuered to pe Jewes at pe.feste
of pe dedicacioun of pe temple, & pan he
3ede hym forp.

25 /"^o bifel at pe fest of pe dedicacioun of pe temple,

pat was in wynter, pat Jesus com in to pe temple

^ of Jerjisalem. And pere comen po Jewes and

askeden hym feloimlich pat he schulde hem telle

jif he were Crist. And Jesus hem ansuered pat

30 k T''y kis werkes and his dedes hij my3tten wel seen
pat he it was. ' Bot 30/ he seide, ' ne leuen nonjth

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in me, for 30 ne bep none of myne scheep. Myne scheep
abo\v3en to me, and folowen me, and ich jine hem lyf wip
outen ende. And noman ne may byreue hem my fader,
to wham ich hem schal bitake ; for my fader & ich aren
*[i>. 28, al on.' And po noman pe *Je\ves stones forto haue stoned 5
hym. And Jesus hem ansuered, ' Many goode dedes ich
habbo 3011 done. Win wil 3e me stonen \ ' And hij
seiden, ' Tor no goode dede doyngc, hot for pat he mys
seide a3eins God. For win, pou seist pat God pi fader &
pou aren al on.' And po schewed Jesus hem apertelich 10
pat God pan clepep Ms chosen [goddes] in holy wrytfc.
& po leten pe Jewes forto stonen hym, and wolden haue
nomen hym. And he passed out of her hondon, and
went hym fo'rp ouere pe flum Jordan, pere seint John pe
Baptist was ywoned to dwelle wip his deciples. And 15
many men and ivymmew comen to hym, and leueden in
hym.

§ 80 Hou Jliesus reised La3art fram dep to lyue,
& hou pe bisshopes & pe Phariseus token
her conseil to hen alle a5eins hym.

ml als Jesus was ouere pe flum Jordan yhidd, so
bifel pat on of his frendes pat hi^tli La3ar, pat
was Marthaes broper and Marie Magdaleyns, pat 20
Jesus loued specialelich, lay in his sekenesse and
langoured in Bethanye, a mile from Jerusalem.
And La3ars sustren senten to Jesu, and bisoii3tten
hym pat he wolde come to confortew his frende.
And he ansuered pat it was forto panken God, uou3th for 25
pat he schulde dyen for euer. And sipen afterwardes,
whan Jesus hadde dwelled pere tweie dayes, he seide to
his deciples pat lie wolde gon in to Judee. And his
deciples seiden pat it was wonder pat he wolde wende
among pe Jewes, sippe pat hij wolden toforn haude haue 30
ystoned hym. And po seide Jesus pat it no bihoued hem
nou^th pat hij hadden drede forto folowen hym, for win
he my3th euermore sauen hym : for he was, he seide, als

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11. [goddes] Cf. Joh. x, 34.

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pe sunno poi'0113 which bri3thnesse man myjth euermore
al tyme of pe day kepen hym, pat he ne hyrto hym
110113th. And pan he seide hem pat La3ar her frende
slepep, and pat he wolde go and awaken hym. And hij
5 seiden, 3 if pat he slepe pat it was token of warisshyng.
And pun seide Jesus hem apertelich pat lie was ded : and
tolde hem pat he was fairer pan he was tofore, so pat hij
ne weren atempteel ne adrad of pe hyleue, n[o] more pan
hij hadden ysei^en his frende dyen in his presence. ' Bot

10 goo we now to hym,' he seide. And po seide seint Thomas
to his felawes : ' Goo we now and dye wijj oure maister :
for why, he were his frende pat 3ede wip hym wip his
owene good wille a3ein his enemyes.' And po com Jesus
pe fierpe day to Bethanye, pere ~LayM was ygrauen. And

15 Jesws abode wipouten pe torn?, and sent after Martha.
And sche com and fel to his feete and seide : ' Sir, jif
pou haddest hen here, my broper had nou3t *ben ded. Bot J$JV[
j wot wel,' sche seide, 'pat God schal 3iue pe a] pat pou
wilt aske hym.' And pan seide Jesus hir pat lie schulde

20 arise. And sche seide pat sclio wyst it wel pat he schulde
arisen at pe juggement. And po asked Jesus 3if pat sche
leued it pat he was vprising and lyf. And sche ansuered
' Je,' and seide pat sche wyst wel pat he was Crist, Goddes
son. And po bad Jesus hir pat sche schulde gon and

25 fecchen hir suster. And sche 3ede, and seide pWuelich to
hire suster pat Jesus was comen, and hadde hire of sent,
pat sche come to hym. And pan 3ede Marie to Jesu als
swipe. And mykel folk of po Jewes, pat weren comen
forto conforten hem of herhropers dep, so 3eden wip hew,

30 and wenden pat sche wolde haue gon [&] weped at pe
tomhe. And whan Marie com to Jesu, als suipe sche fel
adoun to his feete wepeande and cryeande hym mercy,
and seide : ' Sir, ^\i pou haddest hen here, my broper ne
hadde nou3t ben ded.' And Jhesus, whan he sei3 hire

35 wepen and pe Jewes pat weren yeomen wip hire, he bigan
to quaken & to wepen, and asked hem where pai hadden
hym yburyed. And hij hidden hym pider. And pan
seiden summe pat it seined wel pat Jesus hym hadde

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mycliel loued. And oper pat pere weren, seiden pat it
was Wonder pat lie ne myjth 110113th helden his fiendes
lyf, als wel as he myth jiuew an vncoup man his si^th
of ei3e. And Jesus po al tremhlyng com to pe monument.
• Nou was Lajar leiile in a graue, and a ston abouen hym. 5
And po comaimded Jesus pat men schulden remue pe
ston. And Martha seide pat pe body stank, for he hadde
leyon foure dayes in pe erpe. And Jesus hire ansuered
pat hot hire trewpe failed hir, sche schulde se merueile.
And po lyften hij vp pe ston. & Jesus loked towardes 10
pe heuene and Ranked his fader pat he hadde herde his
bisechynge ; and pan h'e cried aloude : ' Lajar, arise, &
come out hider.' And he aros vp als swipe, his honden
and his fecto ybounden wip bondes, and his visage was
bounden wip a su[d]arie. And po comanded Jesus pat 15
hij schulden vnbynden hym, and pat hi] schulden leten
hym gon. And po many pat seijen it leueden in Jesu.
And po oper 3eden to pe Phariseus, and tolden hem hou
Jesus hadde done. And po assembleden to geder po
bisschopp & pe Phariseus, and seiden pat 3if liij suffredew 20
Jesu so frolich done his merueiles, al pe folk schulde
leuen in hym, and pe Romaynes schulden comeu and
destruen hem alle; for pat hij hadden ychosen a newe
lorde wip outen her assent. And panne on of hem pat
com2?' hijth Cayphas, *and was bisschop pat jere, seide pat pai 25
coupe no goode, for hij ne pou3th noujth pat it were
bettere pat o man were slayn forto sane pe folk, pan pat
all pe folk were yslawje for one mannes sake. & he
comaunded }if pat any man wyst where pat Jhesus were,
pat men schulden suipe done hem to witen, pat hij 30
myjfcien hym taken. "And po wente Jesus hym hydande
in to a cite pat hijth Eflren, pat was als it were in
desert.

15. su[d]arie : suarie.

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81 Hero bigynnep J>e secoimde meditacioim by
pe pursday. Hou pat Jesus com in to
Jerusalem poro5 Betlianye, & was re-
sceyued wip ful faire processiou?^.

0 neijed pe feste of ester. And pe folk of alio pe
klondes ahoute comen te Jerusalem for to atyren

1 hem ajeins pe fest. And als pai stoden in pe
temple, pan askeden hij po, hou it was pat Jesus
nas nou^th comen filler to pat fest. And Jesus
po, pe sexto day tofore pe pask, com in to
Betlianye, pere he hadd areised Lajar. And hij

inaden a sopeer, and duden Jesu soupen : and Martha
serued. And Lajar was on of hem put ete. And Marie,

10 hir suster, took a pouwde of gret preciouse oignement,
and smered Jesus heued and his feto als he satte atte
mete : and al pe hous was ful of pa sweteuesse. And
pan seide Judas Skaryott : ' Wharfore was J?is [loss of]
oynement ymado 1 Jt myjth haue ben soldo for pre

15 humlrep pans, and ben jouen to pe poiier.' & he bigan
to lawje vpon pe womman wip scorne and wip disdeyne.
And pat ne seide he noujth for non almesful dede, bot for
pat he was pef, and stale and bare away pat men sctten
for]? to forne hym. And po ansuered Jesus and seide,

20 pat sche hadde done pat dede in pe honoura[n]ce of his
buryinge. And he seide pat sche hadde ful wel done :
and poser mi3tten pai alway habben, ac his body ne
schulde hij noi^th alway habben. ' Sche hap done,' he
seide, ' pat sche mijth. And for pi schal hir dede be

25 spoken of in pe ewandelye ouere al pe werlde, in reine[m]-

75

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braunce of me.' And po harden mychel folk tellen pat

Jesus was pere. And hij comen, no^th forto seen Jesu,

ac for to seen La^ar pat was reised from dep to lyue.

And po bipoujth pe bisschop hym, pat hij wolden slen

30 Lajar ; for poroii3 pe enchesouw of hym, mychel folk

13. [loss of] Cf . Earlier Wyd.iffi.te Version, Mk. xiv, 4. 20. done
\xct] above the line. 22. mijtten |>«j] mi)t!en pai

wy^Uen. 25, 26. reme[m]braunce : remenbraunce.

2(3. me] Read hir.

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76 The Pepysian Gospel Harmony

bileueden in Jesu. And vpon pe morne, as Jesus went

toward 68 Jerusalem and com to Bethfage, he badde two

of his deciples gon to pe town pat stoodo toforne hem,

*[p. 29, and pat *hij broujtten hym an asse and hire fole, pat

neuere man hadde riden onne. And 3Jf any man it hem 5
werned, pat hij sclnilden seggen pat her lorde hadde to
done wip all; and men it horn schulden leten. And his
deciples wenten forp, and founden rijth as Jesus hem
hadde yseide. And men hem askeden what hij wolden
do wip po bestes. And hij ansuereden as Jesus hem 10
hadd comaumded : and hij leten hem passen. And hij
comen to Jesu wip pe asses, and leiden her elopes vpon
pe- asses fole, and setten Jesum abouen pere on. And
sumnie leiden her elopes in pe way pere pe asses schulden
gon. And summe striweden floures, and braunches of 15
olyne. And whan Jesus com doun from pe mount of
Olyuete, alle pe folk pankeden God for pe grete miracles
pat hij hadden yseene, pat Jesus hadde ydone. And hij
bigonnen forto crien, and forto syngen, and forto maken
gret ioye pat he was Crist, her rijthful kyng, pat God 20
hem had bihoten of pe kynrede of Dauid. And po pe
gret folk pat were comen to pe feste herden telle pat
Jesus was comen to Jerusalem, hij wenten out a3eins
hym, and tooken braunches in her hondes of olyue, and
^eden syngynge and pankynge God, als hij duden pat 25
siwedeu Jesu. And po pe Phariseus seijen pat men hym
dude so gret honour, and pat he suffred it, hij comen to
hym & baden hym pat lie schulde destourblen it. And
Jesus hem ansuered, botjif pai helden hem stille, pe wers
pai schulden crien. And whan Jesus com nei^ pe cite of 30
Jerusalem, he wipstode, and bigan to wepen, and seide
hem, jif pai wisten ping pat pai nysten, hij wolden also
wepen ; for hij schulden be aseged & destrued, for hij
nolden nou^t knowen pe tyme pat God hadde hem
yvisited. And als Jesus entree! in to pe cite wip pat 35
gret processioun, alle pe folk weren abaiseht, and askeden
who it was. And pe folk seide hem pat it was Jesus, pe
prophete of Nazareth. And pan seiden pai pat hadden

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seen lion he raised Lajar, pat lie was wel digne to haue
gret honour. And pc Phariseus ansuereden bitwixen
hem porouj envie, pat al for noujfch pai hadden pat words
yseide : for win, hij no hadden noting yspedde. ' Ne see
5 je,' hij seiden, 'hou alle pe seke me» hyra folowen, & he
ne dope hem n 0119th [recusen] ] '

§ 82 Hou Jesus hym bare vpon pe palme sone?i-
day & hou lie ansuered hem pat oppose-
de?t hym of pe children.

nd Jesus po rode porouj pe cite in to pe temple.
And pete ho fonde niarchaundes wip her ware,
sittande pere & sellande. & lie drof hem out
vclione, & ouer prewe her boordes pat stoden *forto *[p. 30,
chaungen pe moneye, and her dialers also he cast
adoune pat seten and solden culueren ; & seide
hem, pat God seide pat hi<s lious scholde ben hous
of prayers and of ovisounea, and hij hadden it made
15 1'ccette of peues : and he wolde noniore suffre it pat men bare
her vessel porouj pe temple, bot^if it were yhalewed. And pe
princes, and pe maistres of pe folk, and pe bisschopes, whan
hij seijen pat, bipoujtten hem hou pai mijtten hym take
and dampne hym to pe dep. Eot hij ne dursten 110113th for
20 pe folk, pat hym loueden so mychel, and so gladlich hym
worschipeden and pankeden. And wip pat so conien pe
halte, and pe blynde, and pe, deef, and pe doumbe, in to
pe temple : and Jesus hem warisshed po vchone. And
pe children of pe cite ^eden and sungen tofore her kyng :
25 'Rijthful verray Jesus Crist, of pe kynrede of Dauid.'
And po comen pe bisschopes and pe maistres of po lawje,
and askeden hym $if he herde oujt what pe children
seiden. For hem poujtten pat he ne schulde suffre no
veyn gloria And Jesus hem ansuered, pat Dauid pe
30 prophete, als hij wel sope wisten, hadde yseide pat God
schulde make J?ankyng to his Crist of pe moupes of
children, to confouwden his enemyes. And so bilefte
Jesus fastand in pe temple tyl it was euene. And po
lokeden alle, }if any man wolde bidden hym to her-

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berewe : and whan noman wolde hym bidden, pa
retoMrned lie ajein wip his apostles to Bethnnye, vnto
Lajares houa. And pere lie duelled al pat nyjth, and
tau^tte hem pe ri^th bileue of cristendom.

§ 83 Hou Jhesus acursed pe fygeer whan he went
a^ein to Jerusalem, for pat it hare no
fruy t.

Vpon pa morowe went Jesus erlich a^ein to Jerasa- 5
lem. And als he com by pe wayo he was afyngred,
and went hym to a fygeer, $\f he mi3th fynde any
fruytt. And po he com pere ate, he ne fonde no
fruytt, hot leues on pe tree. And ho acursed it
als swipe, and seide pat it ne schokle neuere here 10
frujt. And onon ri3ttes pe fyger bigan to for-
worpe, and to drycn al in to pe roote. And his deciples
hadden grefc merueile pere of. And seinfc Peter vpon pe
morow^e schewed it hem anoper tyme, als be went
towardes Jerusalem, pat pe tigere was al dryed. And 15
Jesus hym ansuered & seide, jif pai hadden steclfast
bileue and charite, hij scbolden mow3e done also, noujth
onelicb of a tree, hot for to remuen a gret mountayne at
her owen wille.

§ 84 Hou pat Jesus biheeld pe temple, and f
ansuered to hem pat opposeden hym of his
powere."

■ esus, po he com to Jerusalem, sfttte & bihcld pe 20

c^iVi' ■ temple of markandises and of al oper *erpelich

ping, and satt and preched to pe folk. And
comen pan pe ercheprestes, and pe maisters, &
pe elde men to hym, and askeden hym who had
3ouc» hym pe power to do swich pinges als pat 25
he dude in pe temple. And Jesus hem ansuered
& seide, ^if pat hij wold en ansueren hym of one

f and] repeated.

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askyngc, he wolde tellcn liem pan who hadde jouen hym
pe power. ' Sciep roe,' lie seide, ' wheper John f»e
Baptist was a Goddea halue, oiper he nas,' Ami pe
Jewos poujtten : ' 3if J>.it we seien ]?at he was a Godd.es
5 halue, he schal vs asken whi }?at we ne leeued hym
110113th ; and ^if pat we sayen pat lie uas nou^th a Goddes
halue, pe folk schal pan stone vs to depe.' And hij
ansuereden }?an to Jesu, pat hij nysten neuere. And
Jesus ansuered and soide, he ne wolde no more tellen
10 hem who hadd 3011011 hym J>afc powere, pan hij wolden
ansueren to his askyng.

85 Hou Jesus ouercom pe maistres.

|j]?en seide Jesus pe maistres pre wordes, and

Ischewed hem pat hij were dampnahle porou3 her

owen ansuere. pe first word was of a man pat

15 ^ hadde tweio sones. pat on seide pat ho wolde

Hdono his foders comaundement, and he ne dude it

> 110113 th ; and pat oper seide he nolde 110U3UL done

it, & 311ft he dude it. A noper tale tolde Jesus

hem, of a man pat planted a vyne : and redde pe folic pat

20 hij schulden slen alle po pat comcti to fecchen of pe

fruytt, 30, and his owene sone. And sipen he tolde hem

pat he was figured to a ston, pa.t alle pe masons pat

niaden pe temple Salomon, casten til pat it were ny^tli.

And pe last ston hij leyden it hei3est vpon a corner, forto

25 covplen tweie walks : and pere it was so auenaunt pat

hij hadden alle gret merueile. And sipen tolde Item

Jesus pe pridde tale of a kyng pat helde liis sones fesh

And po J?at he liadde boden to pe fest, chidden and

9 3

slow^en his seruaunt3 wlian hij comen after hem. And
30 whan pe maistres, and pe preestes, & ]?e Phariseus, sei3en
pat pise tales touchedcn hem, hij wolden haue noinen
Jesu : ac hij ne dursten 110113th for pe folk. For al pe
folk hym helden verray prophete, and from morowie til
eue pai herden hym wip goode wille.

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80 The Pepysian Gospel Harmony

§86 Hon pat Jesus ansuered to pe Phariseus
and to pe Herodianes for pe trewage.

P

o wenten pe Phariseus, and conseileden wip
knijltes pat weren wip Heroudes, J?at liij schulden
nyme Jesu as a peef and for feloun & tretour, jif he
seiile pat he nolde jiue no trewage to pe Komaynes.
And 3 i f he seide pat nien schulde jiuen it, liij 5
schulden cryen it, & openen it to pe folk. And
*[i'-3,i *pan liij comen & senten her deeiples, pe which

were nou^th yknowen wip pe hailyues. & liij bigunnen
first to glosen hym, & seiden pat liij wisten wel pat he
taujtte sopenesse to alle men ; and liij bisou^tten hym pat 10
he schulde hem tellen jif men schulden jiuen any trewage
to Cesar, pe emperoure of Rome, or men ne schulden.
And Jesus knewe wel her willes, and badde hem pafc hij
schulden schewen hym pe moneye. And also swipe pe
Phariseus schewedeu hym a peny. And Jesus hem 15
asked, whas was pot ymage, and pe writing pat was pere
aboute. And liij seiden pat it was Cesars. And Jesus
hem badde pat hij jolden Cesar pat is was, and to God
pat is was. And hij wenten foip, & helden [hem] alle
yschent and confounded. 20

§ 87 Hou Jhesus ausuered to pe Saducens of a
wo7nma?i pat haued hadd seuen breperen.
to housbandes.

P

at day self so comen pe Saducens & seiden pat
B^\pere schulde no rysynge be of pe body. And hij
askeden hym of a womman pat had yhadde seuene
breperen to housbondes. Vpe pe vsage of pe elde
law^e, whas womman sche schulde ben, whan pe 25
commune risyng schulde be? And Jesus hem
seide pat hij erreden, for as mychel as pat hij
vnderstoden nou3th pe scripture of pe lawje. ' For whi,'
he seide, ' in pe oper werlde ne schulden men habben none

17. Cesars] e faint and written on erasure.
18 and 19. is] s has been touched np.

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The Pepysian Gospel Harmony 81

wyues, als men habben in pis werlde : ac hij schulden
ben as Gocldes aungtds.' And po scbewed lie hem, porou^
pe lawje self, pat pe commune risyng fram dep to lyue
schulde be. ' For God seide pat he is God Abraham &
5 God Ysaik & God Jacob ; & pan semep it "wel pat liij ben
^utt: for wlii tweie of pise pat in none manere weren, ne
mijtten in none manere ben.'

§88 Hou Jhesus ansuered to pe maisters of pa

hei^est comaundeme?it of pe law5e.

"han Jesus hadde seide & pus wel ansuered to pa

Saducens, pat hij ne coupen no more asken hym,

so com a maister of pe Phariseus and hym proued,

& asked winch "was pe hei^est comaundement of

the lauje. And Jesus ansuered and seide, to

louen God wip al his heit, with al las lyf, wip al

his poujth, wip al his strengpe, and to louen his

15 nei^boro als hymself. pus bihouep it nedes to be, for pe

secounde of pise two comaundement^ so fallep to al pe

law^e and to al pe prophecie. And pan sent pe Phariseus

to look jif he liadde wel yseide. And Jesus hem ansuered

pat he nas noujth fer from pe regne of God, pero what

20 he liadde assented to sopefulnesse.

§ 89 Hou Jesus asked *pe Phariseus whas son pat
Crist schulde be, & who was his f[ader].

"< o asked Jesus to alle pe Phariseus peve, pat weren
I'malle to gedro ygadred in pe temple, of what

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jlynage schulde Crist come. And hij ansuereden,

'pat of Dauid kynrede. And pan aslced Jesus

m hou pat Dauid cleped hym his lorde in pe sautere,

bot 31 f he hadde ben toforne hym. And wip pat

none of hem durst ansueren, no noping hym asken

from pat day forpwardes.

21. weren] hij weren.
GOSPEL HARMONY G

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82 77<e Pepysian Gospel Harmony

§ 90 Hou pat Jesus preched to pe folk & to his
deciples of pe ypocriste of pe Phariseus.

"S o seide Jesus to pe poople and to his deciples, pat
■ jhij schulde done pat pe maistres and pe Phariseus
I Isoiden, bot pat hij Avistcn first her dedes. And
1 ^he seide liem pat hij weren ypocrites in many
mr inauere; for hij weren hard & coueitouse of oper 5
J mennes [goodes], and softe and tender to hem
self, and hij desireden forto ben honoured, &
porouj her gyle hij draw^en jiftcs of wydewes, and eke
of pe folk pat bep syraple. And he seide pat hij wcren
liche pe graues pat ben daubed and made faire wipoute??, 10
and stunken wipinne. And also he seide, pat hij weren
proude & felle als pe kynde is of pe neddre j for whi her
auncetres slowjen Goddes prophetes, and als schullen hij
done pe prophetes & pe maistres pat ich schulde scud en :
and perfore, he seide, pat al pe vengeaiiHCC of al pe 15
bloode pat hij liadden yschadde suppo pe tymc of Abel,
schulde be taken of hem self from pat tymc forpwardes.
And pan seide Jesus, pleynande po cite of Jerusalem :
•Jerusalem, Jerusalem, pat sleest pe prophets, and stonest
hem pat aren sent to pe, michel haue j willed to haiie 20
gedrcd pi folk, als pe henno dope her chekens vnder her
wenges, and pou wilt aottjth, Nou from pis tyme forp-
wardes bo pou in desert, for ich telle pe pat pou ne
schalt neuere see me after pis esterne, er pat pou leue
in me.' 25

91 Hou pat Jhesus praised pe oflryngo of pe

pouer womraan.

nd als Jesus satt and bihelde hou pe folk offreden,
so comen many riche men and offreden mychel,
and pere com a pouer wommaii, a widewe, and
offrode a ferping. And Jesus cleped his deciples,
and seide hem pat pilk pouero widewe hadde 30
offred more pan pai vchone hadden done. For
alle pe oper hadden mychel yoffrcd, for pat hij

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77?,c Pcpysian Gospel Harmony 83

hadden mychel ; and sche hadd offred more, for sche
hadde offred al pat sche hadde to libben by.

§ 92 Hou Jesus ansuered to pe payens pat wolde7i

speke to hym.

col. 1.]

jp pat comen pe payens, pat weren at pe fest, *1[11>-13n2»
[to] seint Phelip, and seiden J>at hij wolden
gladlich seen Jesii. And Phelipp it tolde to
seint Andrew, and pan hij 3eden to gedre and
tolden it Jesu. And Jesus hem seide pat pe
tyme was comen pat he schulde be wip pe
payens. For also, he seide, it ferde of hym als
10 it ferde by pe whete, pat sipe» pat it is sowen it ne
multipliep noujth til pat it be al rype ; and jif it be rype
&"] moyst in pe erpe, pan multipliep it wel & berep
mychel fruytt. 'And also it is of me. & so is it of my
meynee, pat who so lonep his lyf in pis werlde a3eins me,
15 he schal forlesen his lyf; and who so hatep it for me, he
schal it fynden. And who so seruep me, folowe me-: and
where pat ich am, pere is my seruaiuit. And who so
seruep me, my fader schal him honoure.' And sipen
seide Jesus pat he was mychel towrmented, and bismuth
20 his fader pat he schulde hym sauett from pat tyme forp-
wardes. ' Fader,' he seide, ' hono?tre pi name.' And po
com a voice from heuene and seide : ' Jch honoure it, and
schal honoure it anoper tyme.' And pan seiden suwme
pat it was ponder : and summe seiden pat pe angel hadde
25 yspoken to hym. And po seide Jesus, pat pilk voice nas
noujth comen for hym, ac it was comen for hem. And

he seide, ^if he were done vpo» [p]e roode, he schulde
drawe al pe werlde to hym. And pan ansuereden pe
folk & seiden. pat pe law^e seide pat Crist schulde libben
30 eue?'more wip outen ende : and askeden hym what lie
seide pat he schulde be crucified, jif he were Crist. And
pan seide Jesus hem, pat hij hadden hym deliuered to
hem, and hij jeden forp also longe als pai hadden lijth.
And pan leueden many of pe princes in Jesu, ac hij ne

4. [to] : of. 27. []>]e : **.

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dursten noujth schewen it for pe Phariseua, leste hij ne
weren done out of her synagoge— for pat hij loueden
more pe blisse of pe folk ]?an of God. And pan seide
Jesus : * Who so Ieue]? on me, he leuep in hym pat me
sent ; and who so despisep me, j ne schal 110113th dampne
hym now, hot my techyng schal juggeu hym at pe dome.'
And whan Jesus h.idd pus yseide, J?an went he Irani hem
and hidde hym, pat hij ne wisten where he hicom.

§ 93 Hou Jhesus warned his deciples pnuelich of
pe dest[r]uccioun of pe temple, & tau5tte
hem hou pai schulden atire?i hem a5ems
pe juggeme?tt with foure wise wordes.

Ai

co). 2.]

nd als lie went out of pe temple, so come?/, his
deciples and scheweden hym how he was riche & 10
goode & strong. And Jesus hem ansuered and
seide pat \p]e tymc schulde come pat hij schulden
so be destrued pat o ston schulde noujth ligge on
annper. And sipe als lie satt vpon pe moimt of
Oliuete, a3eins pe temple, J?an askeden seint Petre 15
[p. 82, and *seint James and seint John & seint Andrew, whan
it schulde he, and what tokens schulden comen tofore J?at
destrucciouH, and tofore pe juggement. & po ansuered
Jesus pern and seide, p&\, many fals prophetes schulden
come, and hunger, and erpe dyne, and tempestes, & 20
werres ; pat hij schulden be bitraisted, & nome», &
slayn, and pe Jewes alle destrued, and pe cristendom
preched ouer al pe werld. And sipen he tolde hem of
pe toknes pat schulden come tofore pe day of iuggement :
and seide hem pat pe sonne schulde bicome rijth derk, 25
and pe mono schulde wipdrawon his 113th, & pe sterres
schulden falle fram heuene, and pe vertues of heuene
schulden be stired, and pe folk in erpe schulden falle
adoura for drede of pe gretnesse of pe see and of pe
floode. ' And pan schal pe croice aperen in pe firmament, 30
& pan schullen hij seen me comen wi}? mychel drede and

12. [)>]e: re. 15. Jwn] and ]>an.

21. nomen] noomeu. 31. me] men.

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•

wip gret blisse, and pa?* j schal sende niyne aungels wip
gret soune aud gret cry, and hij schullen gedre alle pat
bep ychosen porouj out all pe werlde. And whan je
schullep se all pise werkes bigynnen, be]? pan bplde, for
5 pan schal come joure saluacioim : bot pe day ne pe tyme
ne wott none aungel. Arsfc schullen pe folk be nomen, als
hij weren in Noes tyme. And for pi ne charge]? noujth
joure hertes wi]? glotonye, ne wip dronkennesse, ne wi]?
coueitise of pe werlde : bot wake]? & honoure}? alway,

10 ]?at [je] ben digne toforne me.' And si]?en seide Jesus
hem foure wordes. pe first woide was [of] alle p&
seruauHtj ]?at abiden her lorde and waken, ne come he
neuere so late, pat oper woorde was p[at] of a man ]?at
dredd hym of a pef, hou ]?at he schulde wake and keepo

15 hyni fram J?o pet. pe priddo woorde was of ten maydens
]?at jeden a3eins a bryde & a bridegoomo : and pe fyue
maydens were forclosed, for pat hij neren noujth redy
amines pa brides ]?at weren yspoused. pe fier]?e woorde
was of a man ]?at went fer in pilgrymage, and bitooke

20 alle his goodes to his seruaunt^ : to on of hem fyue
besauntes, aud to pat o]?er tueye besauntes, and to pe
]?ridde holelich a besaunt. And at his comy?ige ajein he
rewarded hem hei^elich, pe tweie pat hadden his goodes
he dubbled it hem ; and pe ]?ridde he dude done in

25 prisouu, for ]?at he ne had no]?ing ywonnen hym. And
sipen tolde Jesus to hem pe fourme and pe manere of pe
juggeme?at. And whan it come of pe juggeme?it of pe
mageste, pan schulden al pe folk ben assembled to gedre
*toforne hym, & he schulde disseueren hem a sundre, as *[p. 88,

30 pe scheperd dope his scheep fram pe gott. And his
scheep he schulde done hem to stonde on his rijth half,
[&] for pe werkes of pyte pat hij duden for hiso, he
schulde hem clepen in to his faders blisse ; and po on pe
left half, for pai ne duden no werkes of pyte to hise, he

35 schold hem dryue wip pe fendes in to pyne wip outen
ende.

4. se] sep. 10. [>] Cf. Lc. xxi, 36.

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86 2%« Pepyrian Gospel Harmony

S 94 Hon ]?at Judas bispake pe tresoim vpcm
pe t wedenysday tofore.

"■""■"Than Jesus hadde seide alle J^iso pinges to Lis
1 1 deciples, pan tolde lie hem pat he scholde pe
1 II pridde day after pan, ajeins pe feste of ester, be
1 1 deliuered to be done on roode. And po gedreden
I V PG princes, & pe maistres, pe preestes, & pe 5
I I elde men of pe lawje, in pe bbschopes court,
pat was ycleped Cayphas : for pat Jesus hadde
seide pe tiwesday nexte toforue, pat }iij no schuld seen
hym noinore er pat hij leuedeji in hym. And pu3 hij
jeden and conseiloden hem hou pat hij myjtten bitrayen 10
Jesu, and sleen hym, And po soiden hij, pat it were
nou3th goode forto done perwhiles pat pe feste lasted, pat
pe folk ne grucched it 110113th, ne defended. And po
herdo Judas tellen pat hij woren assembled to gedre, and
■went hym to hem, & asked hem what hij wolden jiueu 15
hym, & he schulde bitaken hem Jesu pryueHch pat po
folk ne wistcn it noujth. And hij weren po alle gladde,
& biheten hym pritty pens : and he bihett pern hym.
And fmm pat tyme forpwardes he aspied hou ho
my^th bitraye Jesu, and bitaken hym to hem priuelich, 20
pat pe folk ne wisten it noi^th. For whi, alle pe pre
dayes toforue hadde Jesus ytaujth pe folk in pe temple
fmm morowe til eue, & fram eue til morowe. And vpon
pe ny^th he went hym vpon pe mount of Olyuete, & pe
folk vpora pe morowe comen in to po temple forto here« 25
hym. And per passed Jesus forp pe wedenesday & pe
pnrsday.

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:77te Pcpysian Gospel Harmony 87

§ 95 Here bigynnep pe sexte meditacioim vpcm pe
friday. Hou pat Jesus hym bare in his
passioiw fram pe tyme of complyn tyl pat
it were morowe.

e pursday at euen bigan pe feste of ester, &

leuerilch man schulde sacrifise hym. self a lombe.

JAnd po come?* Jesus deciples to hym, & askeden

hym where pat he wolde his pask holden, &

where pat hij scliulden greipen po lombe. And

Jesus seide to seint Petre & to seint John pat hij

schnldo7Z wende in to pa citee, & folowen a man

pat hij schuldew meeten, berande a pott ful of watre :

and peve *hij sei^en hym entren, hij scliulden asken to ^,p'23*'

10 hym & to his deciples, and it schulde be to hem ygraunted

also swipe. And hij wenten forp & founden rijth als

Jesus hem hadde y seide, & greipeden pe lombe in a gret

soleer, pat pe hostesse hem hadde delinered al redy dijth.

And po whan euensonge tyme com, so com Jesus wip his

15 deciples, and sette hym to pe sopere wip hem, and helde

pat pask forp [er pat] he was peyned. And sipen, als lie

satt & ete, he name pe coupe wip wyne and blissed it,

& jalde graces to his fader, and drank, and heete hem,

& badde parten it amonges hem. And sipen he seide

20 pat on of hem schulde bitrayen hym. And hij bygonnen

eumlchono, & ilche man for hym self, to aske which it

were. And Jesus hem ansuered and seide, pat it was on

of hem pat ete of his dische. And he seide pat hym

were bettere pat he hadde neuere ben borne. And sipen

25houseled Jesus hem wip his flesche and wip his bloode,

and badde hem pat hij scliulden sacrifien brede [&] wyne,

in remembraunce of his passiouu. And po bigonne?? hij

forto stryuen amonges hem, which schulde be moist maister

and heijest. And Jesus seide pat it ne schulde nou^th

30 be amonges hem as amo»g pe lewed folk: for pe eldest

schulde be als pe congest, and pe most of hem als pe

loweest of hem. & als hij hadden ydwelled wip hym in

16. [er]>at]: als. Cf. Le. xxii, 16. 26. [&]: in.

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88 7%e Pcpysian Gospel Harmony

his temptaciouns, also, he seide, hij schulden be wip hym
in pe blisse, and regne wip his fader. And po seide
Jesus to seint Peter, pat pe fende hadde asked God, his
fader, pat lie myjth tempten hem & clensen hew as whete
whan' men wynewep it. And he hadde bisoujth for hym, 5
pat his treupe ne fay led noujth. ' And pou,' he seide,
'sum tyme turne a^ein, and con forte pi breperen.' And
pan seide seint Petre, pat he was redy to go wip hym in
his passioim, and to he wip hym in prisoun, and forto
suffre dep. And Jesus hym ansuered and seide pat pe 10
cok ne schulde noujth crowen ones, er pat lie hadde for-
saken hym pries. And po asked Jesus hem jif any ping
hem hadde yfailed po pat he sent hem wip outen sachel,
wip outera scrippe, wfp oute?i schoynge. And hij seiden
all, Nay, hem ne failed noping. And po had Jesus hem 15
pat Avho so hadde sachel oiper scrippe, pat he schulde it
selle, and biggen hem swerdes ; and who so hadde none,
selle his kirtel, and bugge hym a sweerd pere wip. For
pe scn'ptttre of his passioim, he seide, bihoue nedes be
fulfilled. And his deciples ansuereden pat hij hadden 20
• [p. 34, tweie swerdes. And Jesus seide pat pere were *ynowe.
And po arose Jesus vp and dude of his elopes, and gyrde
hym wip a towayle, and dude wate?'e in a bacyne, and
sette hym on knees, & bigan to wasschen her feete &
forto wipen hem. And whan he com to seint Petre, he 25
seide pat he ne schulde noujth wasschen his feetc. And
Jesus hym seide, bot he dude, he ne schulde haue no part
in heuene Avip hym. And po ansuered Petre & seide :
' Lordo, nou^th onelich wascho my feete, bot al pe body
and pe heued.' And Jesus hym seide : ' Who pat is 30
baped, ne hap no myster for to be waschen, bot onelich
his feete. And je bep now clene,' he seide, ' bot noujth
alle : and pat schal be seene.' And po whan Jesus hadd
wasschen her feete, he name his elopes, and jede and
sette hym efte to pe sopeer, and tolde hem pat he it 35
hadde done to jiuen hem ensample, pat jlchone so schulde
done to oper. And po bicom Jesus soroujful, and seide
pat on of hem schulde bitmyen hym. And vchone so

4. hem"] ken hem. 25, 26. he seide] above the line.

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TAe Pepysian Gospel Harmony 89

loked on ope?1, and askeden &pou3tten w[h]o [i]t myjth "be.
And wip pat seint J[ohn] ewangeliste pilk tyrae lened hym
to Jesu, and leide his heued in his barme. And seint
Petre made a signe to J[ohn], pat he schulde tellen who
5 it were. And [he] bigan to bowje doune to Jesus
breest, and asked hym who it was. And Jesus hym
ansuered and seide, pat it was he pat he schulde ^iue a
soppe of brede ; and tooke a soppe of brede & 3af it to
Judas. And als swipe pe fende entved wip inne hym.

10 And Jesus baddo hym do swipe pat he schulde done.
And perQ nyste noman whi pat he seide so : ac summe of
hem wenden for pat he hadde pens, that Jesus heet hym
pat he schulde biggen hem pat hij hadden myster of to
pat feste ; oiper pat he schulde jiue sum ping to pe pouer.

15 And as suipe as he hadde resceyued pat morsel, he went
hym out. And pan seide Jesus pat he was mychel
honowed & schulde departen. And also he seide : ' Ich
30U telle, pe Jewes schullen me seek, and hij schullen
nou^th mowe comen to me. And als to myne sones, j

20 saie to 3011. Ac ich schal 3011 3iue a newe comaundement,
pat euerilch loue oper of 30U, als j hauo 3011 loued ;
and so schullen men knowen 3011 pat 3e bep myne
deciples, yi vchone of 3011 loue oper.' And pan asked
hym seint Petre, winder he schulde gon? And Jesus

25 hym ansuered, pat he ne my3th noi^th pan folowen
hym, ac he schulde hym folowe anoper tyme. And pan
asked he hy?)i whi pat he my3th nou3th folowe hym, and
seide pat he wolde 3iue his lyf for hym. And Jesus hym
seide pat he schulde forsake hym pries er *pe cok krew. "'/'■A4'

30 And pan bigan Jesus to conforten hem, and ansuered
hem of al pat hij wolden hym asken. And he bigan
to warnen hem of pe paynes & pe persecuciourcs pat pai
schulden suffren for hym. And he badde hem pat hij
schulden comen eftsones to hym; and bihett hem pe

35 Holy Gost, pat schulde he[m] 3iue power & wytt, and
counforte hem in al manere ping pat hij hadden of
myster. And sipen seide Jesus hem, j?at pe tyme was

1. w[h]o [i]t : wott. 4. J[ohn~\ : Jesu. Cf. Joh. xiii,

23-24. 17. And] In MS. there is a blank of nine-tenths of

an inch between depavten and And. 19, als] als as.

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90 7%<s Pepysian Gosjjel Harmony

coraen pat liij scliulden hym forsaken and fleijen a way,
& leten hyra al one. And sipen he lyfted vp his eijen
toward pe heuene, and bitaujtte pern. God Ins fader, and
bisoujth for hem, & for alle po pat leuedew in hym
porouj her prechynge, pat hij weren alle one in hym, and
pat his fader loued hem als hym self, and pat he brou^th
liem to his hlisse pere he schulde ben hym self, and pat
hij my3tten hym seen & knowen wip outen ende.

K 9g Hou pat Jesus hym bare fram euensong
tyme til it were on pe morowe.

A;

nd whan hij haddeu yseide her graces, hij
arisen and wenten hem forp out of pe citee 10
vn to pe mounte of Olyuete. And Jesus hem
toldo pat in pilk selue nyjth hij schnlden hym
alle forsaken, for it was so write toforne hande
in pe prophecye. Ac after, he seide, pat he
were risen fram dep to lyue, he schulde aperen 15
to hem, & hij schulden hym seen in Galilee. And
po ansuered seiut Petre hym, pat he ne schulde neuer
hym forsaken, peij alle pe oper hym forsoken. And
Jesus hym ansuered and seide, pat he schulde hym for-
saken pries pat ilk nyjth, er pe cok hadde ycrovve tvvies. 20
And seint Petre seide, it ne schulde noujth so he, peij al
schulde he deye wip hym. And so pan seidew alle pe
opere. And po went Jesus wip his deciples ouer pe
water of Cedron in to a toim pat hijth Gessemany, and
entred pere in to a $erde pere, as he was ywoned to 25
assemblen his deciples. And Judas wyst wel pe stede
and pe vsage. And pan badde Jesus his deciples pat hij
schulde abiden hym pere, forto pat he hadde honoured his
fader. And he name seint Petre & seint James & seint
John, and went hym forp, & bicom dredeful and sory. 30
And he tolde hem pat he was sorou^ful rijth al to pe dep,
& badde hem pat hij schulden [abiden] hym pere and
waken wip hym, & praien pat hij no fellen noujth in
fondyng of pe fende. And Jesus went hym hnstilich
fram hem a stones cast, and fel on knees to pe erpe, and 35

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bisonjth to his fader }if pat it were his wille, pat he
sclmlde hym byuyme pat passiouw. *And wip pat com an *[p. 35,
auugel from heuene forto conforten hym. And Jesus in
Jp'ilk anguisch honourede wel pe lenger : and pe swet ran
5 a doune to pe erpe of his body als dropes of hlode. And
whan he com ajein to his deciples, he fonde pern alle
slopeande for-Averyed. And Jesus hem seide : ' Awakep,
& praiep' pat hij ne entred noujth in to teniptacioun, ne
fondynge of pe fende. And sipen he turned a^oin, &

10 bisoi^th his fader pat he dude his wille. And po eft
sones, whan he com ajein to hem, he fonde hem slepeande.
And hij nysten now of hem what hij myjtten hym
ansueren. And he left hem po, and went ajein als he
hadde ydo tofore hande. And sipen he com ajoin to hem,

15 & seide hem pat hij hadden ysleped ynou^, and pat hij
arisen & 3eden forp wip hym. And he tolde hem pat his
tretowr was nei3 honde. And wip pat com Judas wip an
hep]) of kny^ltes paens, and wip sergeaunt3, & wip princes,
& pe Phariseus & pe maisters hadden ytaken wip hem

20 men wip amies and wip launces and wip torches, forto
taken Jesu. And Judas hem badde pat hij schulden
taken hym pat he kissed. And Jesus po went a^eins
hem, and asked hem wham hij soi^tten. And hij
ansuereden : ' Jesu of Najareth.' And Jesus hem seide

25 pat it was hym self. And hij po wenten ajein, and fellen
adoim to pe erpe. And Jesus went hym eft sones to
hem, and asked hem wham hij soujtten. And hij seiden :
'Jesu of Nazareth.' And he seide hem: 'Ne tolde ich
3011, pat ich it was*? And ^if 3e sechep me, letep pe oper

30 gon quyt of harme.' Now was Judas wip hem po, and
com to Jesu, and gan hym kyssen. And Jesus hym
seide: 'Frewlo, wharto artow coraen me forto bitraye,
Judas, wip pi kyssynge 1 ' And po com pe conestable,
and pe kny3ttes, and po sergeaunt3 of pe Jewes, and

35 tooken Jesu and heelden hym. And his deciples askeden
hym 3if hij schulden sniyten wip swerdes. And seint
Petre drou3 his swerd, and smott a sergeaunt pat was wip
pe bissehopp, pat hijth Malchus, his rijth ere of. And

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92 The Pepysian Gospel Harmony

Jesus po badde hem abide, and bad seint Petre pat lie
dude his swerde jn ; for who so smott more wip sweerd,
wip sweerd schulde dye. - Ne leue je noujtb,' he seide,
1 pat ich my3th bidde my fader of help, and he wolde sende-
me more pan twelue legions of angels] Bot it bihouep 5
pat pe scripture be fulfilled.' And po touched Jesus pe
sergeaunt^ ere, and it was al hole. And po bounden pe
knijttes Jesu, and hise deciples fiedden alle away saue a
jonge man hym folovved, ywounde onelich in a lynnen
[p. 35, clop. & pe Jewes hym gonnen *to holden, and he lefte pe 10
clop, & fiedde away al naked. And po vpbraided Jesus
hem pat hij weren yeomen wip amies by ny^ttes tyme, for
to taken hym als peij he were a peef. And po ladden hij
Jesu to Annas hous, pat hadde pe bisschopes doubter
Cayphas pat ilk 3ere ywedded. And seint Petre & seint 15
John jeden fer bihynde, forto seen pe ende pere of. And
po hij comen to Annas house, seint John entred jn as a
man pat was knowen of pe meynee, and seint Petre
stoode wip outen. And seint John bisoi^th pe portere
forto leten jn seint Petre. And pe porter Iete hym. And 20
pe sergeaunt3 al nyjth maden a gret fyre a mydde pe
floore, and seten abouter* and warmeden hem, for it was
gret colde. And fel so pat seint Peter and hij stoden
aboute pe fyre, & pere com pe portere to hym, and seide
pat he hadde yben wip Jesu. And Petre seide 'Nay,' 25
toforne hem alle, and seide pat he ue knewe hym 110U3U1,
and wolde haue gon away. And pe cok bigan to crowe.
■ And po com a womman and avised hir of seint Petre,
and seide to hem pat stoden aboute pat he hadde ben wip
Jesu. And after pat com a sergeaunt, & seide pat he 30
was on of Jesus deciples. And pe opere seiden pat it was

sop. And seint Petre bigan to swere pat ho was non of

hem. And sipen afterwardes so com anoper sergeaunt &
seide pat he was on of pe deciples of Jesu ; and pat semed
wel for he was man of Galilee. And pe oper seiden pat 35
word my3th wel be sop. And pan seide his cosyn whas
ere he had smyten of, pat he hadde seen hym in pe
gardyne wip Jesu, pere he was nomen. And po bigan
Petre to sweren, & to cursen alle po pat euer wip Jesu
weren, and all pat hym euere knewen. And wip pat, als 40

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.TVce Pepysian Gospel Harmony 93

pe worde was in his moup, pe cok bigars to crowen. And
Jesus hym wipturned & biheld Petrc. And po bipoujt-h
Petre hyni of pe wordes put Jesus hadde hyni yseide
tofore hande. And pe oper leteu hym go : and Petre
5 went hym out, and bigan to wepe wel sore and tenderlich.
And po als Jesus stoode tofore Annas, hij askeden hym
of his deciples and of his techynge. And he ansuered &
seide pat his techynge was noujth of felonye in priuete,
hot al a loude tofore pe folk pere he preched in pe temple.

10 And on of hem 3af hyin a buffet vnder pe ere, and asked
hym 3if he schulde so answere pe bisshopp. And Jesus
hym ansuered and badde ^if he hadde 0U3U1 mysseide, pat
he schulde telle hym where of ; and 3if he ne *conpe telle * [p. 3«,
whereof, pat he smott hym nomore. And po soujtten hij

15 fals witnesse vpe Jesu, forto done hym to pe dep. And
po comen summe and saiden vpon hym, J?at he hadde
seide pat he wolde destruen Goddes temple and maken it
hole ajein wipinne pre dayes ; and summe of hem seiden
oper wyse, and ne acordeden noujfc. And many opere

20 fals witnesses hij beren vpon hym, ac hij ne my^tten
noping acorden. And po aros vp pe bisschopp, and asked
Jesus wharfore pat he ne ansuered noujth to hem pat
beren witnesse a3eins hym. And Jesus stoode & ne
ansuered nou3t.l1. And po coniured he hym pat he

25 schulde hem tellen 3if he were Crist, Goddes son. And
Jesus hem seide pat he it was, and pat hij schulden seen
hym come in pe blisse of God at pe jnggement of al pe
werlde. And po bigan pe bisschop to renden his elopes ;
and seide pat Jesus hadde mysseid, and pat hij ne hadden

30 no mystef nomore of wytnessynge, for whi hij it hadden
alle yherd. And he asked hew what hem poi^th best to
done. And hij ansuereden alle pat he was worpi pe dep.
And po bigonnen hij [p]at helden Jesu forto cracchen
hym, and forto scornen hym, and hidden his ei3en, and

35 smyten hym vnder pe eve and in pe nekke, and beden
hym 3if pat he were Crist pat he schulde a-rede who it
was pat hym smott. And many oper schames hij seiden
hym.

16. hadde] above the line. 26. it] above the line.

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94 77te P&pysian Gospel Harmony

§ 97 Hou Jesus bare hym fram morou^e tyl

pat it was vnderne.

Afterward.es sent Annas Jesu to Cayphas pe biss-
chopp. And as swipe atto morowe assembledon
alle pe maistres, and pe preestes, and pe eldoste of
pe law^e in pe cuntree, and token her conseil hou
111 j niyjtten bryngen hym to pe dop, And hij 5
brou^tten Jesu amonges hem to pe conseil, and
baden hym sayen hem $if he were Crist. And
Jesus ansuered & seide : '3if ich 3011 telle, je ne leue me
noujth ; and ^if ich aske jou 0113th, 3c ne ansuere me
110113th, ne 3e ne sclmllen loten me gon. Ac ich schal he 10
from pis tyme forpwarde on pe rijth half God my fader.'
' pan seistou,' hij seiden, ' pat pou arte Crist, Goddcs son ? '
' So seggep 3e/ seide Jesus. ' Wharto,' seiden hij, 'desiren
we wytnesse1? We it habben yherdd of his owene moup.'
And po arisen hij vp euerilchone, and bonden Jesu, and 15
ladden hym to Pylate, pat was maister & haily of pe
poeple and justise vnder Cesar. And weren payens. &
hij bitai^tten hym Jesu, ac hij ne entreden nou3th in to
Pilates hous, for hij wolden ben clene, pot hij my3tten at
euene eten of pe lombe paschal. And po went Pilate out 20
to hem, & asked hem of what ping pat hij biwrieden Jesu.
& hij seiden pat hij hadden founden hym techando &
*[mm' defendende pe *folk, pat hij ne 3ene no trewage to Cesar :
and he seip pat he is God & kyng. And po comaunded
Pylate pat hij schulden juggen hym hew seluen, vpe pe 25
vsage of her kw|0, And hij ansuereden pat hem ne fel
110113th to do noman to pe dep. And po entred Pylate in
to an hous pere he jaJ juggemenfc, and dude clepe forp
Jesu. And Judas, whan lie sei3e pat pe Jewes hadden
jugged Jesu to pe dep, he 3ede & broi^th pe pritti pens 30
pe which pe preestes hadden hym 30uen, and profred it
hem vp, and seide pat he hadde ysynned in pat pat he
hadde bitrayed pat goode man. And hij ansuereden pat he
sei3e wel his owene dede, for it ne was 1103! to hem. And
Judas hem cast pe syluer in pe temple, and went hym 35

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jT/ftf Pi'pysian Gospel Harmony 95

forp, and hengc hym self on a nelren tree : and his wombe
al toclef, and idle hise guttes fellen doun at his feete.
And po nomen pe preestes pe pens, & Seidell pat hij ne
weren noi^th worpi forto done wip pe opere offrendes ;
5 bot porouj her commune conseil liij wolden higgen perwip
a potters londc, forto bin-yen jnne vncoupe bodies pat
weren dede. And sipen forpwardes it was pus profecicd

§ 98 Hou Jesus bare hym fram vndernc tyl it

was tynie of midday.

o stoode Jesus tofore Pylate, and he asked hym
^if he were kyng of Jewcs. And Jesus hym
ansuered and seide pat his kyngdom nas noiv^th
in pis werlde. ' Ac ich com,' lie seide, ' forto
here wituessyng of sopenesse.' And po asked
Pylate hym what was sopenesse. And as swipe
Pylate went out to pe Jcwes, and seide hem pot
15 he ne fonde non enchesonn in hym, porouj what pat he
schulde hym dampne. And pe Jewes euerichon bigonnew
hym fo wryen of many pinges. Bot Jesus hem ansuered
rroujth, ne Pilate neiper; porouj what he hadde gret
merueile. And pe Jewes seideu pan pat he hadde
20 trobcled al pe folk, and cliaunged n[l] fram pe borogho
of Galilee in to Jerusalem. And whan Pilate herde
Galilee, he asked pan ^ii po man were Galalien. & whan
pat he, knew pat he was of pe power of Herondes, he
sent hym a^ein to Herondes ; for he was by po dayes
25 in Jerusalem. And whan Heroudes seij Jesu he hadde
gret ioye, for he hadd gret desire to haue seen of his
myracles. And he asked hym many pinges, Bot Jesus
ne ansuered no woorde. And po despised Heroude Jesu,
and al his meynee, and cladde hym in a white clop as
30 he hadde ben a foole, and sent hym ajein to Pilate. And
pan hij weren acorded, Heroudes and Pylate, pat ^ore
haddert ben enemyes. *And po assembled Pilate pe »[p. 37,
prynces and pe maisters and olle po folk, and seide pat
sipen he ne Heroudes ne my^ten fynde non encliesoan
35 in hym, he wolde hym chastise and lete hym go stille.

col. 1.]

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96 TAc Pepysian Gospel Harmony

& Avip pat al pe folk bisou^tten Pylate J?at lie schulde
deliueren hem a man pat were dampnable, als ho was
ywoned to do euerilch jere for pe honoure of pe feste.
And Pilate hem asked wheper hij hadden leuer Jesu,
olper Barraban pat was peef, and for pifte and for man- 5
s[l]aujttre pat he hadde done in po cite was nomen and
done in prisouw. And pe folk, porouj hestes of pe
prynces and of pe maisters, chosen Barraban. And po
asked Pilate hem what he schulde done wip Jesu, for he
ne fonde none enchesoim furto dampnen hym. And pe 10
Jewes crieden wip heijo voice pat lie schulde hym done
on rode, and no blonnen 110113th of cryeng. And po
comaunded Pilate Jam forto be scourged. And his
kni^ttes cladde?i hym in purpre, and lappeden hym in
a mantel of scarlett, and seten a gerlande of ponies vpon 15
his honed in stede of coroune, and tooken hym a jerdc
in his honde, and kneleden adouu toforno hym and
gretten hym as a kyng, and scraccheden hym amyddes
pe face, and smyten hy[m] alle vnder pe ere, and token
pe jerde and smyten hym vpon pe heued. And po 20
ladde Pilate hym also cladde and crouned vn to pe
Jewes, and seide to hem: 'Loo! Here 30111-0 kyng.'
And po crieden hij alle wip o voice pat he dude hym
on roode. And Pilate hem badde pat hij schulden
liym take & dono hym on croyce, for he ne fonde non 25
enchesoim wip hym. And po ansuereden pe Jewes, vpe
pe vsage of her lawje he schulde be done to pe dep,
for pat he made hym Goddes son. And whan Pilate
herde pat, he dredd hym mychel pe more, and com
eft sones to Jesu & asked hym whennes he was. And 30
Jesus ne ansuered hym nomore. ' What ! ' seide Pilate,
1 Whi ne ansuerestou mel Ne wostou noi^th wel pat
ich haue power to lete pe go quytt, oiper forto done po
on pe croico?' And po seide Jesus pat he ne hadde no
power of hym, but it were hym jouen of heijer pan 35
he was. And pe Jewes bigonnen to crye pat jif ho lete
hym go quyte, he ne scholde 110113th be Cesars frendo,
for pat he hadde ymade hym kyng al a3eines pe will of
Cesar. And po ledde Pilate Jesu in to a commune place
forto juggen hym, & seide to pe Je\ve8 : ' Loo ! Here 40

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TAe Pepyslan Gospel Harmony 97

joure kyng.' And po crieden hij alle, pat lie scholde done
hym on roode. And Pilate hem asked lif he schulde
done her *kyng on roode. And pe Jewes ansuereden and col. s.j
seiden pat hij ne hadden no kyng bot Cesar. And wip
5 pat ilk woord sent Pilates wyf to hym, and badde pat
he ne scholde entennete hym nomore of Jesu, for whi,
sche seide pat sche hadde gretlich ben ytrauailed in a
visiouw for Je*u pat day self. And Pilate name po
watere, and wesch his handes pere toforne al pe folk,

10 and seide : 'Jcham clene of pe bloode of pis rijthwise
man. pis see $e wel.' And hij ansuereden alle : ' His
bloode on vs and oure childer falle.' And po lete hem
Pilate Barraban, and tooke hem Jesu for to scourgen al
to hir owene wille, and pat hij schulden hym done on

15 roode. And pe hepen knyjttes nomcn hym and ledden
hym wipinne pe court, and assembleden aboute>i hym
al pe compaignye of fyue hundrep knijttes, and made?j
hym in a kynges wise als hij hadden toforne honde, and
loujen hym to scorne, and kneledere toforne hym, and

20 gretten in scorne als a ky»g, and craccheden hym amyddes
pe visage, and smyten liy?» vpon pe heued wip pe jerde.
And sipen hij vncladden Jesu of pe purpre, and cladden
hym wip his owene elopes, and leiden pe croice vpon his
owene schuldren, and ledden hym out of pe citee, and

25 tweie ope?'e pat weren ydampned wip hym. And als
hij jeden forp, so com pere a strauuge man by pe waye
passande, pat hijth Simonde leprous. And pe Jewes
niaden hym wip strengpe to take pe croice, and beren
it vpon his bak after Jean. And po folowed hym gret

30 prees of folk, and many wymmen-pat pleyneden Jesu and
waymenteden his dep. And Jesus hym wipturned and
badde hem nou^th wepen for hym, bot for pe vengeau[n]ce
pat pe folk hadde deserued, and for pe vengeau?«ce pat
schulde fallen vpon hem.

GOSPEL HARMONY H

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§8 ^TAe Pepysian Gospel Harmony

§ 99 Hou Jhesus bare hym fram pe midday

tyl pe none.

A!

col. 1.]

nd whan hij comen vpon pe mount of Caluarie,
pan strepten hij Jesu, and inaden hym al naked,
and duden hym vpon pe croice. And Jesus
bisoujth his fader pat he schulde it hem foruue,
for hij nysten what hij duden. And po hij jouen 5
him [to] drynk wyne medled wip mirre & galle,
and setten it to Jesus moupe ; ac he it wolde
nou^th diynke. And po hengen pe Jewes pat o peef
vpon pat on syde, & pat oper peef vpon paper syde.
And sipeu abouen pe croice dude Pylate write vpon a 10
hoorde Ebru, Gru, & Latyne, pat he was Jesus of
Najareth, kyng of Jewes. And pat wrytyng redden many
Jewes, for pat stede was nei3 honde pe cite. And hij
crieden all to Pylate and seiden : ' Write pat he seide he
•[p. as, was kyng *of Jewes, ac nou3th pat he is kyng of Jewes.' 15
And Pylate hem ansuered pat pilk wordes were ywriten,
[&] schulden ben holden stable. And po tooken pe
knijttes and parteden Jesus elopes in foure parties, and
leiden lott pere vpon : bot his kirtel hij seiden hij ne
wolden noujth renden, for it was siwed al hole ; ac hij 20
wolden legge lott pere on, who it schulde haue al hole.
And sipen hij seten adoune and bihelden hou Jesus
moder aud seint John and Marie Cleophe and Marie
Maudeleyn jeden & stoden biside pe croice of Jesu. And
po whan Jesus seij his moder and John, his deciple pat 25
he loued so mychel, stonde pere, Jhesus seide to his
moder: ' Womman, loo! pere pi son.' And sipen he
seide to seint John : ' Loo ! pere pi moder.' And from
pat tyme forpwardes seint John resceyued hire, and kepte
hir als his moder. And po stoden pe Jewes, and abiden 30
to looke what schulde bifalle, and jedeu tofore Jesu, and
stoden and schoken herheuedes vpon hym, and scorneden
hym, and beden hym pat he schulde sauen hym self, jif
he were Goddes son, and comen adoune of pe croice ; and
reprocheden hym of pat he hadde yseide pat he schulde 35
destruen Goddes temple and maken it hole ajein in pree

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100 TTie Pepysian Gospel Harmony

And Jesus, whan lie hadde tasted pe eysel, pan seide he
pat al ping was fulfild, and bigan to crye wip lieije voice
and seide : ' Fader, in to pine hondes j bitake my gost.'
And wip pat woorde he bowjed adoune his heued, and
3alde pe gost to God his fader. And wip pat pe veil pat 5
henge in pa temple tofore pe lieije auter tobraste in two
peces, and pe erpe quaked, and pe stones tobrusten, and
pe dede men arisen out of her graues. And po seide
centurio, pat was conestable ouer an hundiep knijttes, pat
stode on bope half forto biholde Jesu, forsope pat Jesus 10
was rijthful and Goddes son. And alle pe knijttes hadden
grete drede : for win hij seijen wel pat lie dyed wip his
owene goode wille. And al pe folk pat stoden and seijen
pise marueiles, knockeden on her breestes as coupable,
and tumeden ajein in to pe citee. And hise frendes 15
stoden afer, and pe wymmen pat hadden ysiwed hym
from Galilee in to Jerusalem, and sei3en alle pise pinges
and puplisshed hem forp.

§ 101 Hou Jhesus was draw5en after his dej?.

8

A

jpen comen pe Jewes, for pat hij noldcn noujth
pat pe dede bodies hengen on roode so nei3 pe 20
citee vppon pe sabate of pe fost of pask. Hij
comen to Pilate and bisou3tten hym pat he
schulde lete breken her pei3es, and leteu hem
done adoune. And po comen pe kni3ttes and
breken pe lymes of pe peues pat hengen bisiden 25
Jesu ; ac Jesus pei3es ne breken hij noi^th, for liij
founden hym al stark ded & colde : hot a kni3th smot
hym wip a spere to pe hert, & als swipe com out water
& bloode als pe scripture seide. And sipen po it was
euensong tyme, com a noble rich baroun, goode & ri3thful, 30
pat hadde x. kni^ttes to his banere, pat ne hadde nou3th
assented to pe conseil & to po dedes of pe Jewes ; for
lie was on of Jesus deciples, pryuelich, for drede of pe
Jewes. And he entred jn hastilich for pe sabate, and
com to Pilate and bisoujth hym pat he 30110 hym Jesus 35
body. And now had Pilate gret wonder pat Jesus was so

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?%c Pepysiau Go&pel Harmony 101

suipe ded, *and sent to pe conestable pat hym kepte, & '[p.39,
bad pat he schulde sende hym bode jif Jesus were ded.
And he ansuered and seide, ' Je forsope.' And po jaf
Pilate Jesus body to Joseph, and Joseph jede forp po and
5 took hym adoune. And wip pat com maister Nichodeme,
pat was arst ycome to Jesu by nyjttes tyme, and brou^th
wip hym mirre and encense and wormodo ymedled. And
Joseph dude bringe a fair newo schete & a clene, and
dude it pere jnne : and after took a noper fair newe schete

10 fyne and clene, and wonde Jesus body per® jnne, and pat
oper al aboue, as riche Jewes were ywoned to ben yleide.
Now was pere biside pere Jesus was crucified a gardyne,
and in pat ilk gardyne was made a newe caue in pe roche
in whiche neuer body hadde arst ben yleide : ac Joseph

15 it hadde arst ylete make for his owen byhoue. And pere
jnne, for pe sabate was neij, hij leiden Jesus body, and
rolleden a gret ston tofore pe entre of pe sepulchre. And
now was he late ded. Ac noujth for pi pe wymmen
hadden alway yfolowed, and yseen hon Jesus body was

20 yburied. And po hij hadden ydo, hij turneden a3ein in
to pe cite. And als longe als liij dursten wirchen for pe
sabat, hij ^eden and boi^tten a riche oignement pat is
ycleped 'aromatha,' and hij atireden her oignement for to
comen and smeren Jesus body wip al : hot vpon pe sabat

25 ne duden hij rijth noujth. And vpon pat oper day comen
pe preestes and pe Phariseus to Pilate, and beden hym
pinke on pat Jesus hem hadde yseide toforne hande pat
he schuld rise frani dep to lyue pe pridde day, & bisoujtten
hym pat he schulde do looke pe body in pe sepulchre til

30 pe pridde day, pat his deciples ne comen and stelen his

body, and seien to po folk pat he were risen fram dep to
lyue. And Pilate hem ansuered pat hij schulden gon
hem self and kepen it als wel pat hij couden. And pe
knijttes wenten forp yarmed po, and merkeden pe ston
35 pat lay toforne pe entree.

5. ami] above the line.

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102 l%e Pepysian Gospel Harmony

\ 102 Hon Jesus aros fram del? to lyue, and areised
many oper dede men wip hym.

Cpon pe morowe, als eilich as any man niyjth
honouren, so wenten pe Maries and boujtten pe
oignement aromatha, forto comen & to smeren
Jesus body. And Jesus Crist po wel erlich als
pai comen towardes pe sepulchre was arisen fram 5
dep to lyue, & many oper dede men, pat comen
and scheweden hem in pe citee. And po com
a gret erpe dyne, and an aungel com po from heuene
and remued pe ston from pe sepulchre and satte pere on.
Now was his lokyng & his visage als rede as fyre, & hise 10
*[i>. 39, clones als * white as snow. And pe lookers pat kepten
00 ' * pe sepulchre, sone so hij sei$en it, weren alle abaischt &

felleu adoune for drede, rijth als pai hadden ben dede.
Now hadden pe wymmen als hij jeden toward pe
sepulchre, asked which opere hem schulden helpe, pat 15
pe ston were went fram pe dore of pe monument. And
wip pat, als hij lokeden piderwardes, hij seijen pe ston
fram pe entre of pe dore yremued.

§ 103 Hou Jesus apered to Marie Maudeleyne }>at

was hym dere.

nd pe Marie Magdeleyne, also swipe as sche seij
pe ston yremued, sche lep ajein and tolde to Peter 20
& to John pat Jesus body was ystole away. And
I I Pan as swipe arisen vp Peter & John, and wenten
j \ to pe sepulchre. Ac seint John com first to
pe sepulchre, ac he ne jede noujth wip jnne :
and he kneled adoim, & ne seij 110113th bot pe 25
scheten pat Jesus hadde ben wounden jnne. And whan
seint Peter com, he went hym jn and kneled adoun, -
and seij pe scheten & pe girdel pat was abonten Jesus
body. And po entred seint John and sei} also, and
trowed pat pe body hadde ben borne away. For hij ne 30

24. ioi\i\ above the line.

&

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The Pepysian Gospel Harmony 103

knewen noujth pe scripture pat seide pat it bihoued pat
Jesus arise iram dep to lyue, & so entren in to his
blisse. & so hij wenten horn. And po conien pe wym-
mere towardes pe sepulchre in pat gardyne, and seijen an
5 aungel sitten on pe rijth half of pe sepulchre, ycladde in
a white chesible. And hij hadden swipe gret drede.
And pe aungel to hem seide; '^Ne hauep no drede, ac
witep forsope pat Jesus is risen iram dep to lyue, als pat
he jou first seide.' And po hadde pe aungel hem pat hij

10 schulden gon and siggen to Peter & to oper deciples pat
Jesus was arisen. And po stoden tweie aungels bisiden,
and scheweden hem pe sudari & pe elopes, & badden hem
pat hij schulden pink on pat Jesus arst seide vn to hem
and warned hem hou pat hym bihoued suffre passioim on

15 pe croice, and dyen, and pe pridde day arise fram dep to
lyue. And pan bipoujtten hij hem wel on Jesus wordee.
And po bileften pai her karful semblaunt, and ^eden forp
wip gret drede & wip gret joye forto tellen forp to pe
apostles pise good tipinges. And perwhiles pat pe aungel

20 schewed hem pise pinges, so was pe Maudeleyn by pat
oper half, and com to pe sepulchre and stoode & weep.
And po sclie bihelde, and sei3 tweie aungels in white
eloping, pat on sittande at pe heued, & pat oper at pe
feete. & hij askede?i, *hir win pat sche wepe. And *tp-*9,

25 sche ansuered & seide, for pat hire lorde was borne away
and sche nyste nere where pat he was leide. And wip
pat pe aungels arisen ajeins Jesu, pat com & stoode
bihynde pe Maudeleyn. And sche wiptw?'ned hire, and
wende he hadde ybe a gardynere. And po asked Jesus

30 lnr whi sche wepe, & what sche soujth. ' Sir,' sche
seide, 'jif pat pou haste borne hym aAray, where pou
haste hym ileide tello pou me ; and ich hym schal take
wel stille, and beren away ivel pryuelich.* And wip pat
sche turned hire towardes pe aungels as forto haue summe

35 confort. And Jesus cleped hire ' Marie.' And pan sche
knew hym by his voice, and turned hire and fel adoim to
his feete and seide, ' Ha ! Swete sir.' And po bad Jesus

0 o

hir pat sche schulde goo and suggen to hire breperen pat

.— in

5. of] above the line. 18. /or])] it for]), with it deleted.

31. where] and where.

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104 T/te Pepysian Gospel Harmony

he sctmlde stei^e vp to his fader and to her fader, and to
his God & to her God also.

§ 104 Hou Jesus schewed liym to oper wymmen.

And po als pe oper wymme?; wenten towardes pe
apostles forto tellen pat pe aungel hadde hem
seide, and pe [Maudeleyn] com and jede wip 5
hem, so com Jesus & grette hem. And hij fellen
adouw to his feete and honourden hym, and
heilseden hym and kisseden his feete. And po
hadde Jesus hem pat hij ne schulde?i haue no
drede, ac pat hij schulden gon in to Galileo a^eins hym, 10
& pere hij schulden liym see.

§ 105 Hou pe kni5ttes pat kepten pe sepulchre
token her conseil what hij n]y3tten
done.

V:

er whiles pat pe wymmen wenten to pe apostles, so
conien hij J?at lokeden pe sepulchre, and wenten
in to pe cite & tolden pe prynces and pe preestes
al pat hij hadden yseije. And po hij assemhle- 15
den alle pe eldest men of pe folk, and tooken her
conseil hou hij myjtten done, pat pe resurecciomi
of Jesu nere noujth yleued. And pan hij jouen
gret tresore to pe knijttes for pat hij schulden siggen
pat Jesus dcciples weren ycome, and hadden yhorne away 20
his hody perwhiles pat hij slepen : and hij hijthten hem
pat hij schulden maken her pees ajeins Pylate, peij he
made liym nener jbo wrop towardes hem. And pe
kni3ttes nomen pe tresore, and seiden to pe folk als hij
hadden hem ytau^tt : and so pai maden pe folk to vnder- 25
stonde from pat day forpward.

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106 The Pepysian Gospel Harmony

hij jeden spekande and pleynande of pe pinges pat
weren bitidde, so com Jesus onon rijttes ouer-takande
"hem by pe "vveie : and liij ne coupen non^th hym knowen.
And Jesus hem asked of what ping pat hij jeden spekyng,
and whi hij weren so soroujfnl. And po ausuered pat on 5
pat hijth Cl[e]ophas, and seide pat he hadde merueile
pat he nyste 110113th of pat ping pat was bitidde at pat
feste in Jerusalem. And Jesus asked what it was.
And liij seiden, of Jesu of Nazareth, pat was so noble
man in God, hope in woorde & in dede, and tofore alle 10
pe folk : and hou pe pryraces and pe preestes hym
hadden ydampned & done on pe rode. ' And we
wenden pat he hadde ben Crist and haue oner comen
al. And now it is pe pridde day pat it was done. Ac
[on] of oure wymmen hap made vs af rayed, pat was to 15
day att morne atte sepulchre, and ne fonde noujth his
body, ac seide pat sche seij tweie aungels pat seiden
pat he was alyue. And summe of oure felawes wenten
pider and foundeu als pe wymmen seiden. Ac [hym]
hij ne founden nou^th.' And po seide Jesus : ' A ! $ee 20
foles, rekles and mysleeuande, pat je ne leeue 110113th pat
pe pj'ophetes ban seide. Ne bihoued it noujtli pat Jesus
•tp. 4i, suffred *passioim, and on pat manere entred in to his
glorie 1 ' And he bigan to schewen hem porou3 pe lawje
and porou} pe prophecie, pat it schnkle so bityde. And 25
af terwardes hij neijeden towards Emaus. And Jesus hem
seide pat he wolde wende ferrer pan pat castel. And
hij maden hym wip strengpe of prayere forto dwelle,
and hij seiden pat it was nei$ euene. And Jesus bileued
wip hem, and entred in to her jn. And als he byleft 30
wip hem atte sopere he name pe bred, and brake it, and
blissed it, and 3af it hem. And hij als sone knewon
hym : and als swipe he vanisshed tram hem. And po
seide pat on to pat oper : 'panne nas noujth oure hert
brennande per whiles he spake wip vs by pe waye, als 35
we 3eden desputende pe scriptures'!' And als swipe hij
arise vp and returneden to Jerusalem, and founden pe
twelue apostles and oper pat weren wip hem. Ami hij

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6. Cl\e]ophas : C'loophas.

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The Pepysian Gospel Harmony 107

tolden hem pat Jesus was risen fram dep to lyue for
certayne; and also he hadde schewed hym to seint
Peter. And hij seiden licm hou Je«sus apered to hem
in pe waye, and hou pai kneweh Jesu by pe bred pat
5 he brak. Bot seint Thomas and pe oper pat sete?i pare
ne leucden it nov^th : and wip pat seiut Thomas and
oper wenten out, and sp[ek]en pere of hou it my^tli
ben.

109 Hon pat Jesus schewed hym to pe

ten apostles >>at day self.

nd onon i^ttes pilk day self atto eueusong tynie,

whan pe aates weren ysperde pere pe deciples

weren assembled for pe drede of pe Jewes, and

seten and speken hou Jesus hym hadde yschewed

vn to summe, so com Jesus and stoode amonges

hem and seide : ' Pes be amonges 30m Jch it am.

Ne hauep no drede. And hij weren alle agast,

and wenden it hadde ben a gost pat hij seijen pcro. And

Jesus hem reconforted wel swetelich, and schewed hem his

feete and his honden and his syde, and bad hem handlen

and loken pat he hadde bope flesche and bon, and pat ne

20 hadde no goste. And $utt for ioie and for gret merueile

ne leueden hij noujth jett pat it was he. And pan asked

Jesus hem 3if hij hadden any mete. And hij scheweden

hym a pece of fysch rosted and a litel of hony, and Jesus

it name, and ete it toforne hem alle, and jaf hem his

25 relief. And po seide he to hew anoper tytne : ' Pays be

wip 3011, Als my fader sent me, also sende ich 30U.'

And whan he had seide so, po alijtted pe Holy Gost wip

jnnen hem. And lie seide : ' Kesceyuep pe Holy Gost.

pe synnes pat 30 schulleu ftu^iuen, schullen be for3iuen.'

30 And sipen he reherced po wordes to hem pat he of spake

to hem toforne in Galilee, *pat hym bihoued so suffren •[»,«,

col 2 1

pyne & passioun, and fulfillen pe prophecies. And after-
wardes he aaf hew vnderstondynges of pe holy scripture :

and seide pat hem bihoued to pieche penaiiHce ouer al pe

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108 ^Vte Pepysian Gospel Harmony

werlde in his name, ac fyrst in Jerusalem, for ensample of
his passioun and Lis resurecciouw ; bot no^th for pan J?at
pai helden hem stille in pes in pe cite tyl pat he sent hem
pe Holy Gost of heuene, pat schulde hem 3iuen powere
forto done it. Now nas nousjth po seint Thomas wij? pe 5
apostles whan Jesus hym schewed to hem, ac whan he
com to hem hij seiden alio hou Jesus hadde yschewed
hym. And Thomas ansuered and seide pat he ne schulde
neuer leuen it, pei3 al pat he sei3 hym, bot ^if he seij his
wounden and his honden, and putte his fyngres in his 10
sydo.

§ 110 Hou J»at Jesus schewed hym to seint

Thomas & to all po]?ere apasdes ifere.

At pa ei3ttenep day weren pe apostles to gedre in
clos pere hij hadden ybe tofore for drede of pe
Jewes, and Thomas was mp hem. And po com
Jesus & stoode amonges hem & seide: 'Pays be 15
amonges 3011.' And po seide he to Tbomas pat he
schulde putte his fyngres in his wouwden pere pe
nailes stoden, and in pe syde pere pe spere hym
stonge ; and he badde hym no more be mysleeuande.
And whan he hadde so done, he seide : 'pou art my God 20
and my Lorde.' ' 3e,' seide Jesus, ' Thomas, for pou
haste it proued, now per fore pou leeuest it ; ac blissed ben
hij pat neuere ne proueden, and leuen it stedfastlich.'
Many oper tokenes dude Jesus toforne his deciples pat ne
be]? 110113th ywriten in pe gospel. And also he schewed 25
hym sum tyme to fyue hundrep men to gidre.

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The Pepysian Gospel Harmony 109

§111 Hou Jesus schewed hym to pe elleue

aposiles on a mountayne.

I jpen comaunded Jesus to pe elleue apostles pat hij
i sclmlden wenden in to Galilee, vppon pe mountayne
pere he was ywoned to prechen hem : and he
.schulde comen pider to hem. And po hij comou
Ipere, hij founden Jesus a^eins hem. And summe
'pat seijen hyni honoureden hym ; and summe
weren adradde. And po com Jesus to hem and
seide pat all pe power in heuene and in erpe hym was
joiien. And he comaunded hem pat hij jeden ouer al pe
10 werlde to prechen, and pat hij baptijeden men in name of
pe Fader and pe Son & pe Holy Gost, and pat hij taujtten
hem alle pe poyntcs pat hij hadden ylerned : and also ho
1113th pern pat he sclmlde be wip hem for euermore in to
pe endynge of pe werlde.

112 Hou Jhesus schewed hym atte see

of Thiberie.

col. 1.]

fterwardes schewed Jesus hym to seint Peter and * [i>. 42,
to seint Thomas and to seint Nathanael and te
seint James and to seint John, his broper, and to
two opere deciples atte see of Thiberie in pis
manere. Hij wenten al pe nijth and fisscheden
and trauaileden and token nou^th. And vpon pe
morowen stoode Jesus vpon hauene, and asked
hem jif hij hadden any fysch. And hij seiden 'Kay.'
Nou nysten pai noujth pat it was Jesus. And po badde
Jesus hem leggen pe nette on pe ri^tli half, and hij schulden
25 fyiule. And hij duden so. And als suipe was pe nette
so ful pat hij ne mijttett noujth drawjen it. And po
seide John to Petre pat it was Jesus pat spak to hem.
And Peter caste on his kirtel, for he was anoyed and
naked, and dude hym towardes pe londe. And pe oper
30 bileften in pe schipp and seileden to pe londe ward. And

2. mountayne] moun written on erasure. 3. hem] written on
erasure. There is a minute hole in h. 17. 2nd to] above the line.

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HO TJie Pepysian Gospel Harmony

po hij comen vpon pe londe, hij sei^eu pe fysch yrosted
vpon po coles, and bred ligge perbiside. And po badde
Jesus pat hij schulden brynge of pe fyscli pat pai hadden
ytaken pan. And Peter 3ede and dionj pe nette to londe
ful of grete fisches pat hij hadden ytaken pan, pat iveren 5
an hundrep and pre and fyity ; and noujth for pan pe
nette ne brake 110113th, peij al pere weren so many and
grete. And po bad Jesus hem come and eten. And hij
jeden and setten hem. And Jesus com and jaf hem bred
and fysch. And non of hem ne asked what he was, for 10
hij wysten wel pat it was Jesus, her lorde. And whan
hij hadden yeten, Jesus asked Peter jif he loued hym
more pan any of pe oper loueden. And Peter seide pat
he wiste wel pat he loued hym. And Jesus badde hym
go and fede his lambren. And eftsones Jesus asked hym 1 5
3if he loued hym 0113th. And he seide pat he wist wel
pat he loued hym. And po pridde tyme Jesws asked jif
he loued him 0113th. And po was Petere abayst for pat
Jesus asked pries jif he loued ou3t. And Peter ansuered
& seide pat he wyst alle pi/iges, and he wist wel pat he
loued. And po bad Jesus hym pat he schulde fede his 20
schepe. And he seide hym whan he was 3onger he gyrde
hym & 3ede where hym liked, and whan he were elder
he schulde strecche out his armes & men hym schulden
gyrden and leden hym pere he nolde noujth gon — And 25
pat he seide in tokenyng pat he schulde be spredde &
peyned & done on croice for Goddes loue. And whan he
hadde so yseide, he ros hym vp and went hym forp ; and
he folowed hym. And whan pat hij retotwneden ajein,
ho sei3 seint John come after hem, and he asked Jesu 30
what seint John schulde done. And Jesus hym seide
•[p. 42, pat he schulde dwellen still *til he come aiein, 'what

Col 2 1

is pat to pe V he seide. And po bigonnen pe ope?- deciples

O R~

to speken hem amonge and seiden pat seint John schulde
nou3th dyen. Ac Jesus seide noi^th pat seint John 35
schulde noujth dyen, ac he wolde pat he bileft til he com

a3ein.

5 *=

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The Pepysian Gospel Harmony 111

1-1

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113 Hou Jesus sche wed hym twyes to

his deciples.

jpen retowneden pe deciples in to Jerusalem, and

assembleden liem in a solcer pero Jesus hadde

made his maundc, vpe pe fourtipe day after his

vpryst. And als liij seteu at pa mete Jesus

schewed hym to hem, and sette hym to pe mete

by hem, and reproued hem pat hij ne liadden

noujth yleued pat hij liadden yseene, pat he was

rysen fram dep to lyue. And he badde liem gon and

prechen pe gospel ouere al pe werlde to al pe folk. And

10 he seide hem pat po pat leueden it & woren ybaptijed

schulden. hen ysaued, and po pat ne leueden it noujth

sulden ben dampned. And liij pat leueden it schulden

raowen chase pe fendes, he seide, in his name ; and pat

hij schulden mowen speke pe langage pat hij neuere lerden,

15 and hij schulden mowen handlen neddres and heren hem

wip outen harme, and peij hij drunken veny inert drynk it

schulde hem noujth greuen, and ^if hij touchedeu pe

seek men hij schulde be warisched. And sipen badde

Jesus hem abiden in Jerusalem to conforten hem, als h[e]

20 hem hadde yhoten. For whi, he seide, John pe Baptist

baptised in watere, ac hij schulden ben baptised in pe

Holy Gost from pat day forpwardes. And po badde

Jesus hem pat hij schuldren gedren alle pe deciples pat

woneden owhere aboute, men and wymmen, and pat hij

25 wenten alle a3eins hym to pe mount of Oliuete : for pe

elleuene woneden in pe gret soleer pere he hadde made

his maundee, and pe oper deciples woneden bisides al

abouten in oper houses in pat side of pe citee pat was

cleped pe mount of Syon. And hij jeden also swipe,

30 and assembleden Jesus deciples alle to gedres, men and

wymmen, and wenten hem out of pe cite to pe mount of

* 8

8. he] above the line. 19. h[e\ : his*

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112 The Pepysian Gospel Harmony

Oliucte in Bethanye. And po com Jesus and schewed
hym to hem. And hij askeden hym jif he wolde restore
pe kyngdom of Jsrael, and do away pe aliene kyng, and
Pylate, Oesars stiwarde, and regne hym self oiper sette
sume of pe kynrede of Dauid. And po ansuered Jesus 5
and seide pat it ne fel noujth to hem to witen of pe tynie
whan his fader hadde ordeyned his wille. ' Ac }e schullen,'
he seide, ' resceyuen pe vertu of pe Holy Gost, pat schal
[r. 43, descende wipinne jou. And je schullen, er pat *tyme

come, hen witnessers of myne wordes & of myne dedes 10
and of myne vprisyng in Jherusalem, and in Jiulee, & in
Samarie, euere til pe endynge of pe werlde.' And Jesus,
whan he hadde so yseide, lyfte vp his honde & blissed
hem euerilchone. And whan he hadde hem yblissed, he
kyssed hem alle by and by. and amonges hem seeande 15
vchone, he steij vp to heuene, and tweie aungels on ilch
syde of hym. And hij stoden alle and bihelden hym,
lokyng vpward : and po com a 1 i 3 tK cloude and byname
hem pe sijth of hym. And als hij stoden lokando on
hei3, so comen two aungels in white wede and stoden 20
bysyden hem, and asked hem whi hij stoden so and
lokeden on liei^ towardes pe heuene. And he seide hem,
als he was ystowen vp to heuene, also schulde he comen
anoper tyme descendende to pe juggemewt. And po hij
ponkeden God, and wysten wel pat Jesns was went and 25
satte on his faders rijth honde. And po hij retownieden
hem ajein in to Jerusalem wip gret joye, and entreden in
to pe soleer pere pe apostles woneden. And pere pai
weren stedfastlieli in otisouns wip Marie, Jesus moder,
and wip oper lauedies and Jesns cosynes, euere tyl pat 30
day pat pe Holy Gost com to hem at pe tyme of »vnderne,
and alijth wipinnen hem, and 3af hem wytt, and wisdom,
and connyng of langages, and liardynesse to prechen pe
cristendoiu ouer al. And po wenten hij in to pe temple,
and stoden euere ponkynge God tyl pat hij were dryuen 35
out wip Jewes of Judee. And pe tueluepe jere after pe
ascencioun of Jesu Crist, whan seint James was byheueded
and seint Peter yprisouned, po wenten hij vchon his
waye ouer al pe werlde, and precheden to paienes and to
Jewes. And pe Holy Gost hem wissed, & taujtte, and 40

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The Pepysian Gospel Harmony

confermed her sarmoun Jrorouj miracles J?at Jesus dude
for hem.

Hebe t enden ]?e gospels an hundre]? and sex,

OUTENOMEN J?E PASSIOUN OP JeSTJ CRIST.

Do so J?at God be J?i frende,

t Here . . . frende is written in letters rather larger than the
rest and ornamented with red strokes.

113

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NOTES

2.1. hei^e aulere, ' altar of incense.' Cf. 100.6, where hei^e aider
refers to the Holy of Holies.

2.31. sex, six. Should be ]?e sext(e) monep, ' The sixth month.' Cf.
sexte meditacioun, p. 87. § 95, heading.

4.14-15. and maden signe to his fader Sakarie rvltat name he wold
pe childe hadde] A. Innuebant autem patri eius quem vellet vocari
eurn. Lc. i, 62.

4.16. a lef of tables, i. e. a writing tablet, ' pugillareni.' Lc. i, 63.

4.29-30. pat alle pe men of pe werlde schulde be wrilen in ilch a schire
pere pay ivoned] A. ut describeretur universus or bis. Lc. ii, 1.

5.1-2. forto make reconischaunce, ' in order to declare himself,' ' make
himself known.' Cf. Godefroy, Die de Vane. lang. franc. ' faire reconois-
sance,' declarer, faire savoir.

5.7-8. a cracche pere an ox and an asse stoden. [The following note
is based on references kindly communicated by Professor Kennedy. —
M.G.] From the fourth century it has been customary in Christian art
to represent an ox and an ass in connection with the Nativity,1 and the
earliest written reference 2 to the tradition probably dates back to about
the same time. It is contained in the New Testament Apocryphal Gospel
of pseudo-Matthew, chapter xiv : — ' Tertia autem die nativitatis domini
egressa est Maria de spelunca, et ingressa est stabulum et posuit puerum
in praesepio, et bos et asinus adoraveriint eum. Tunc adimpletum est
quod dictum est per Isaiam prophetam dicentem : Cognovit bos posscs-
sorem suum et asinus praesepe domini sui.3 Ipsa autem animalia in
medio eum habentes incessanter adorabant eum. Tunc adimpletum est
quod dictum est per Abacuc prophetam dicentem : In medio duorum
animalium * innotesceris.' 5 This makes it clear that the legend of the
ox and the ass was regarded as the fulfilment of Old Testament prophecy.

In the famous ' Legenda Aurea ' by Jacobus a Voragine {f 1298), we
are told that the ox and ass refrained from eating the straw on which

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1 See Hennecke, E., Handbueh zn den Neatest. Apoh, Tubingen, 1904,
p. 104.

2 Cf. ib. 3 Isaiah i, 3.

* Hab. iii, 2, in the Greek. The Latin Vulgate has ' In medio annorum
notum facies.' See The Apocryphal Gospels trans, into Eng. by B. H.
Cowper, Williams & Norgate, 1887, ch. xiv, pp. 53-54.

5 Tischendorf, Evangelia Apocrypha, Lipsiae, 1876, p. 80.

123

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by VjUUgU. PRINCETON UNIVERSITY

124 Notes

the Holy Child had lain, but their presence at the Nativity is not men-
tioned.1 On the other hand, Hugo de Prato (f ? 1322) in the ninth of
his ' Sermones Dominicales ' gives an account closely corresponding to
pseudo-Matthew : — ' Testificata sumt eum araraalia. Nam cum virgo
reclinaret eum in praesepio animalia quae ibi ei&nt scilicet bos & asinws
genu flexerumt sibi. Et multi miseri chn'siiani hodie cristo genua non
flecturat. esa. j. Cognouit bos possessorem suum et asinus praesepe dommi
sui. israel autem me non cognouit. et popwlus meus non intellexit.' 2

6.11-12. And also suipe pe eterre . . . schewed hym, ' And straight-
way the star . . . showed itself.'

6.21. by oper weye] A. per aliam viam. Mt. ii, 12.

6.34. com pe Holy Gost in to pe temple, ? error for com [he in] pe Holy
Gost, etc.] A. venit in spiritu in templum. Lc. ii, 27. Cf. Wycl. Late
Version. And he cam in spirit into the temple.

7.2-3. Nunc dimittis, domine, seruum tuum in pace] A. Nunc
dimittis servum tuum, domine, secundum verbum tuum in pace. Lc. ii,
29. The omission of secundum verbum tuum was probably merely scribal,
since the words are fully translated in 11. 3-4, vpe pi worde.

7.10-14. See %e, dame, . . . countrepleden] A. Ecce positus est hie
in ruinam et resurrectionem multorum in Israhel et in signum cui contra-
dicetur: et tuam ipsius animam pertransibit gladius, ut revelentur ex
multis cordibus cogitationes. Lc. ii, 34-35.

8.20-21. Ne wite Je ... in my fader nedes ?] A. nesciebatis quia
in his quae patris mei sunt oportet me esse ? Lc. ii, 49.

8.29-31, And pe kyngedom of Jerusalem was pan parted porouj pe
Romaynes in foure parties] A. Anno autem quintodecimo imperii Tiberii
Caesaris, procurante Pontio Pilato Iudaeam, tetrarcha autem Galilaeae
Herode, Philippo autem fratre eius tetrarcha Itureae et Trachonitidis
regionis, et Lysania Abilinae tetrarcha. Lc. iii, 1.

9.8-11. digne to penaunce . . . noman hadde hope jnne] A. Facite
ergo fructum dignum paenitentiae, et ne velitis dicere intra vos Patrem
habemus Abraham : dico enim vobis quoniam potest deus de lapidibus
istis suscitare filios Abraham. Mt. iii, 8-9.

9.20-21. enchesoun to [noman] wip wrong . . . owen dedes] A.
Neminem concutiatis neque calumniam faciatis, et contenti estote stipendiis
vestris. Lc. iii, 14.

9.22-23. and senten pe Jewes fram Jerusalem & pe Phariseus and
prestes and deknes to hym] A. quando miserunt Iudaei ab Hierosolymis
sacerdotcs et levitas ad eum. Ioh. i, 19. Cf. Wycl. Late Version, whanne
Jewis senten fro Jerusalem prestis and dekenes to hym.

10.5. oper, ' other people.'

1 Legenda Aurea, Jacobus a Voragine, recensuit Dr. Th. Graesse, Vratis.
1890, ch. vi, p. 41.

2 Hugo de Prato, Sermones Dominicales, the edition printed c. 1483
at Strassburg. [This passage was kindly communicated by Mr. V. Schol-
derer from a copy at the British Museum.] An English translation of
the same passage is given by B. H. Cowper, Apoc. Gospels, Introd. p. xxxv.

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11.3-5. God it defende pat irvan schulde hym assaye forlo helpen ^if he
wolde be saued, ac helpe hym self. A somewhat obscure passage corre
sponding to the Vulgate Non tentabis dominum deum tuum. Lc. iv, 12.
The meaning seems to be : ' God forbid that a man should call upon
Him for help if he would be saved : rather let him help himself.'

11.15-16. And me he %af pe Holy Gost whan he sent me to baptijen]
A. Et ego nesciebam eum, sed qui misit me baptizare in aqua, ille mihi
dixit Super quem videris spiritum descendentem et manentem super
eum, hie est qui baptizat in spiritu sancto. Ioh. i, 33.

13.5-6. pe solace of pe hous scholde hote Cristes flessK] A. Zelus
domus tuae comedit me. Ioh. ii, 17.

14.9. here, ' theirs,' i. e. of Jones deciples.

14.31-15.1. And alle pat weren in his court duden mychel after John
pe Baptist, & hodden slayn hym in haste bot pai dredden mychel pe folk.
Perhaps a confused rendering of A, ' Et volens ilium occidere timuit
populum, quia sicut prophetam eum habebant.' Ioh. xiv, 5. hodden
and dredden should be in the singular and refer to Herod.

15.2. his wyf, i. e. Herodias. Cf. A. ' Herodias autem insidiabatur
illi et volebat occidere eum, nee poterat.' Me. vi, 19.

15.23, 26. water quylc, living water, A. 'aquam vivam.' Ioh. iv,
10, 11.

16.1. pe mount Gara^im] Gerizim is a mountain of Samaria, 1-5
miles S.W. of Sychar (cf. Sykar, 15.12), from which the blessings of
obedience were to be pronounced upon the Israelites (Deut. xxvii, 12;
Josh, viii, 33); the curses of disobedience being pronounced from Mt.
Ebal, 1-75 miles N.N.W. of Sychar {Deut. xi, 29; xxvii, 13),

17.2-3. And pe prouostes son was sek of Chapharnaym. Should be
at Chapharnaym] A. Et erat quidam regulus, cuius filius infirmabatur,
Capharnaum. Ioh. iv, 46.

17.4. in to Judee. Should be from Judee] A. a Iudaea in Galilaeam.
Ioh. iv, 47.

17.11. hole and fere. See vocab. fere.

17.21. see of Tyberye] A. stagnum Genesareth, Lc. v, 1. Cf. see
ofTyberye, 19.13-14 (A. mare Galilaeae, Mt. iv, f8); and 20.28 (A. fretum,
Mt. viii, 18).

17.26. Simondes faders] A. Simonis, Lc. v, 3. See Introd. p. xv.

18.13. Jesum. Is this Latin ace. form a scribal accident, or is it a
relic of the Latin MS. from which the French version of the Harmony
must have been originally taken ?

18.26-27. pat he dude in pe cite pe deuels craft as he hadde don in
opere stedes] A. quanta audivimus facta in Capharnaum, fac et hie in
patria tua. Lc. iv, 23.

18.31-32. maden hem straunges oiper wiser pan hij duden to her owen
folk. ? ( made themselves to strangers otherwise than they did to their
own people.'

18.35. Syches = ? Sychar. Cf. Sykar, 15.12. A. has ' Sareptha
Sydonae,' Lc. iv, 26.

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20.11-12. loode men pat were ybounden of pat citee. This seems to
mead ' madmen of the city, who were in bonds.'

20.28-29. passen pe see of Tyberye toward pe cuntre of Galilee in
Gerasa] A mistranslation of A. ' trans fretum in regionem Gerasenorum,'
Mt. viii, 28. Jesus and his disciples were crossing from Galilee. Cf.
Galile 20.25.

21.19. oriole. Probably a misreading of O.F. oreille 'pillow.' See
I nt rod. p. xv.

21.24. pat he ne blew nomore] he, i. c. pe wynde, is perhaps due to the
influence of Fr. le vent. Sec Introd. p. xvi.

22.3^4. pat hij mijllen passen pe mountaynes. Either an addition
or a mistranslation, probably the latter, Cf, A. Erat autem ibi circa
montem grex porcorum magnus pascens. Mc. v, 11. In his Bible
History (Brit. Mus. MS. Roy, 19 D. iii, Vol. ii, Fol. 475b), Guyart
Desmoulins renders this : — ' lors estoit vn grant tropel de pourciaux
paissans entowr vne montaigne.' l The English translator has mistaken
' feeding ' for ' passing.'

22.6-7. wel in to two pousande~] A. ad duo milia. Mc. v, 13.

23.15-16. he seij a man ioynen a fatte, pat hi^tte Mathie Levi] A.
vidit publicanura nomine Levi sedentem ad teloneum. Lc. v, 27. Cf.
Mt. ix, 9. Mattheurn nomine.

26.20-21. vpe pe mount of Thabor] ' of Tabor ' is an addition to
A. 'in montem,' Lc. vi. 12.

27.11. profiler and sikerer. This is probably a mistake for perfiter
and sikerer, ' more perfect and steadfast.'

28.14-15. to offren pe offrande pat he (i.e. Jesus) comaunded] A.
offer munus quod praecepit Moses. Mt. viii, 4.

30.14-15. be wyse as seinl Pefre and sympte as a douue. For the
curious mistranslation seinl Petre, see Introd. p. xvi.

30. § 29, heading, pe wedewes dou^tter. For a possible explanation of
the substitution of daughter for son throughout § 29, see Introd. pp. xvi-xvii.

32.16. «fc stnered Jesus feele. Corresponds to 'secus pedes ejus,' Lc.
vii. 38.

33.6-8. ' And perfore ich lone hire mychel ; for whi to wham pat most
is foremen, most is loued.r A mistranslation. Cf. A. Propter quod, dico
tibi, reraittentur ei peccata multa, quoniam dilexit multum : cui autem
minus dimittitur, minus diligit. Lc. vii, 47.

33.15-16. Johan pat was H erodes stiward kokes loyf] A. Iohanna
uxor Chuza procuratoris Herodis. Lc. viii, 3.

34.4-5. ' <fe who so despisep me, he ne despisep bot pe deciple of hym
pat ?ne sent hider.' A mistranslation. Cf. A. qui autem me spernit,
spernit eum qui me misit. Lc. x, 16.

34.20. Sathan als dust] A. satanan sicut fulgur. Lc. x, 18. See
Introd., p. xvi.

36.19. wille. The opening words of the parable of the friend at

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midnight, which should have followed wille, have been omitted. Cf.
Wycl. Late Versioti. And he aeide to hem, Who of 5011 schal haue a
freend, and schal go to hym at mydny5t, and schal seie to hym, Freend,
leene to me thre looues. Lc. xi, 5.

36.20. a lof] A. ires panes. Lc. xi, 5. Cf. preceding note.

36.30-31. Wip goode hert wille, 'with good will of heart.' Cf. 49.28.
wip goode wille of hert.

37.10-12. prestes pat semen in pe temple and honouren [noujth] pe
sabat ben e[x]cused porou^ pe dignite of pe temple] A. Aut non legistis in
lege quia sabbatis sacerdotes in templo sabbatum violant et sine crimine
sunt? Mt. xii, 5.

38.11-12. gret poeple of folk] A. multa turba. Mc. hi, 7.

38.25. helden hem yucl bigiled, ' considered themselves ill-treated.'
A very human addition !

39.7. fyue. ? Error for fyne. See M t. xii, 25-37. The corresponding
passages in the other Gospels are Mc. iii, 23-30 ; Lc. xi, 17-23.

39.23-24. and [also] schulde pe quene of Saba done, i. e. the Queen
of Sheba (A. regina austri, Mt. xii, 42) would also hem dampnen atie day
of iuggement.

39.35. a womman in a kyrlel and al pe folk] A. quaedam mulier de
turba. Lc. xi, 27.

40.10-12. Jesus ne aros noujth tofore pat he etc, after pe vsage of her
law^e] A. non baptizatus esset ante prandium. Lc. xi, 38. A mis-
translation probably due to a confusion of Fr, lever and laver. Cf. § 51,
especially 49.10-12, vpe pe vsage pat J ewes hodden pat weschen er pat
hij eten.

41.29-30. offrcden to Jesu her offrandes. The corresponding passage
in A. merely says : ' Aderant autem quidam ipso in tempore nuntiantes
illi de Galilaeis quorum sanguincm Pilatus miscuit cum sacrificiis eorum.
Et respondens dixit illis Putatis quod hi Galilaei prae omnibus Galilaeis
peccatores fueiunt, quia talia passi sunt ? ' Lc. xiii, 1-2.

41.30-32. And Jesus hem bihijth pal he schulde steije to hcuene pat
hij schulden it alle seene. This is an addition which has no connection
with the context. Cf. Lc. xiii, 1-2, quoted in preceding note.

42.7, sextene men] A. decern ct octo. Lc. xiii, 4.

43.26-28. euerych wys maister bitoknep pe wei^tt pat berep out olde
pinges & newe, after pe sesoun for^iuep] A. omnis scriba doctus in
regno caelorum similis est homini patri familias, qui profert de thesauro
suo nova et Vetera. Mt. xiii, 51-52. after pe sesoun for^iuep = ' according
as the season yields.'

44.3—4. Nys he pis nou^th Joseps son, pe carpentere ?] A. Nonne hie
est f abri Alios ? Mt. xiii, 55.

48.7-12. And vpon pe morow^e pe folk pat Jesus hadde yfedde . . .
come to C'apharnaum forlo seche Jesu] A. Altera die turba quae stabat
trans mare vidit quia navicula alia non erat ibi nisi una, et quia non
introisset cum discipulis suis Iesus in navem sed soli discipuli eius abis-
scnt, aliae vero supervenerunt naves a Tiboriade iuxta locum ubi man-

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ducaverant panem gratias agentes domino : cum ergo'vidisset turba quia
Iesus non esset ibi neque discipuli eius, ascenderunt naviculas et venerunt
Capharnaum quaerentes Iesum. Ioh. vi, 22-24.

50.8-9. toward Surrye and toward Gades, lit. ' towards Syria and
Cadiz ' ! Gades is a remarkable mistake. Does the scribe mean Gadara,
a city south-east of the Sea of Galilee near where Jesus had previously
cast out fendes (20.28-29, Note ; also 21.27-22.20), or does he mean Gades
[londe], ' the land of Gad ' ? Neither of these suggestions, however,
harmonise with the Vulgate : ' in partes Tyri et Sidonis.' M t. xv, 21.

52.11. knowen. There is an omission after knowen. Cf. A. ' Facie m
ergo caeli diiudicare nostis, signa autem temporum non potestis. Gener-
atio mala et adultera signum quaerit, et signum non dabitur ei nisi
signum Ionae.' ML xvi, 3-4.

54.1. for he spake yuel q/hym, i. e. of pe werlde.

54.13-15. For whi, ne hodden hij no circumcisioun vpon pe sabot?
And hij ansuereden and seiden pat he mysdude, pat warissched and heled
men vpon pe sabot. Cf. A. Propterea Moses dedit vobis circumcisionem,
non quia ex Mose est sed ex patribus, et in sabbato circumciditis hominem.
Si circumcisionem accipit homo in sabbato ut non solvatur lex Mosi, mihi
indignamini quia totum hominem sanum feci in sabbato ? Nolite iudicare
secundum faciem, sed iustum iudicate. Ioh. vii, 22-24,

55.32. blynde man] A. hominem caecum a nativitate. Ioh. ix, 1.

57.2-4. for to be dampned of men pa[t] weren ybore, and of pe maistres
ds of pe princes and of pe folk) A. et multa pati a senioribus et scribis
et principibus sacerdotum. Mt. xvi, 21.

57.25-27. do we so, sir, pre dayes felle : on to jou, anopere to Moyses,
and pe pridde day to Hely] Obviously a mistranslation. Cf. A. ' et
faciamus tria tabernacula, tibi unum et Mosi unum et Heliae unum.'
Mc. ix, 4r-5. dayes felle is a puzzle. Can it be that the French rendering
of tabernacula was some form of F. dais, ' canopy,' e. g. OF. * daissel, that
the English translator retained the word, and that a scribe miscopied it
as dayes felle ?

58.5-8. He schal come and apparaile pe state of pe folk, bot also pai
schulden done of hym as pai duden of John pe Baptist or of hym self] A
mistranslation. Cf. A. ' At ille respondens ait Helias quidem venturus
est et restituet omnia : dico autem vobis quia Helias iam venit, et non
cognoverunt eum, sed fecerunt in eo quaecumque voluerunt. Sic et
filius hominis passurus est ab eis. Tunc intellexerunt discipuli quia de
Iohanne baptista dixisset.' ML xvii, 11-13.

58.37. porouj me. Cf. A. per orationem et ieiunium, Mt. xvii, 21.
OF. a jeun, ' through fasting,' has probably been misread as a jevs, a
jesus, ' through Jesus.' Cf. ' par oraison et par ieusne ' in the French
Bible printed at Lyons in 1521, by Guyard des Moulins.1

60.26-28. a ta[l]e of a kyng pat repeled pe dette vpon his sergeaunt,
for pat he ne hadde noutyh done to hem als he hadde done to hym self, i. e.
' a tale of a king that reclaimed his servant's debt because the servant
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had not forgiven his fellow servants as the king had forgiven him.' See
ML xviii, 23-34.

61.15. schulden be perisshed, i. e. ' should perish.' See N.E.D.
under perish, 2, for other examples of the use of be with the past
participle.

61.21. folk. Should he fox] A. Ite, et dicite vulpi illi. Lc. xiii, 32.
61.23-24, For hij hadden nou^th herd which prophete schuld die wipoute

Jerusalem. A mistranslation. Cf. A. Verum tamen oportet me hodie
et eras et sequenti ambulare, quia non capit prophetam perire extra
Hierusalem. Lc. xiii, 33.

62.6. And po tau^th Jesus his hostes] Should be 'pe hostes,"1 the
guests. Cf. A. ' Dicebat autem et ad invitatos parabolam.' Lc. xiv, 7.

62.11-12. on of his hostes] A. quidam de simul discumbentibus.
Lc. xiv, 15. Cf. above, 62.6, Note.

62.20. maden hem wrop] hem, i. e. ' pater familias.' Lc. xiv, 21.

63.20-22. more joyful ben pe angels . . . no nede to done penaunce]
A. ita gaudium erit in caelo (coram angelis dei. Lc. xv, 10) super uno
peacatore paenitentiam habente quam super nonaginta novem iustis qui
non indigent paenitentia. Lc. xv, 7.

63.24-26. a sergeaunt of which his lorde wolde bynymen hym pe kepynge
of a toun pat he hadde taken hym to kepe, i. e. 'a servant (" vilicus ") whose
lord decided to deprive him of the stewardship of an estate that had been
entrusted to him.'

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63.30-64.1 & praised hym for pat he had done so wiselich] hym
and he refer to the sergeant. Cf. A. ' Et laudavit dominus vilicum iniqui-
tatis, quia prudenter fecisset.' Lc. xvi, 8.

64.2-3. dper men] A. filiis lucis. Lc. xvi, 8.

64.31-32. or pat hij seijen mysdo. This repetition is probably the
remains of a French or Latin gloss.

64.33. to hem pat bisoujtten for^iuenesse. Cf. above, 64.31-32, Note.

65.17-18. pat hij mytyten wytnessen it. Addition. See Lev. xiii,
16-17.

65.22. and cried hym mercy] A, gratias agens, Lc. xvii, 16.

66.2. Crist] A. regnum dei. Lc. xvii, 20. Cf. also 66.3 regne of
Crist, and 66.6 Crist, both corresponding to A. ' regnum dei,' ib. 20, 21.
66.4. porou$ spyes] A. cum observatione. Lc. xvii, 20.
67.19. chaste] A. eunuchi. Mt. xix, 12.

67.23. a man . . . offrede] A. offerebant illi. Mc. x, 13. For a
possible explanation of the contradiction between the sg. offrede and the
pi. offreden, 67.26, see Introd. p. xv.

68.14. piofyt and siker. This was probably meant to be perfyt and
siker, ' perfect and safe.' Cf. ante. 27.11.

68.28. ac God hym mytyh chastisen. A mistranslation. Cf. A. Apud
homines hoc impossibile est, apud deum autem omnia possibilia sunt.
Mt. xix, 26.

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69.16-20. And pan com seint James moder & seint Jones [wib hir
sones] and bisow^th hym pat hij my^tten sitten wip hym, pat on on pe rijth
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honde and pat oper on pe left honde, nerrer hym pan any oper in his regnc]
A. Tunc accessit ad eum mater filiorum Zebedaei cum filiis suis adorans
et petens aliquid ab eo. Qui dixit ei Quid vis ? Ait illi Die ut sedeant
At duo filii mei unus ad dexteram tuam et unus ad sinistram in regno
tuo. Mt. xx, 20-21.

70.8. habben. ? Error for ha[ld]en.

70.29. in foure parties] A. quadruplum. Lc. xix, 8.

70.31-71.1. for pat he hadde chastised hem & was rijlhful. A mis-
translation. Cf. A. Ait Iesus ad eum quia hodie salus domui huic facta
est, eo quod et ipse filius sit Abrahae. Lc, xix, 9.

71.6-6. als pai wenten. Should read : alshewente.

71.24. Bartholomew. ? Error for Bartimeus. Cf. Mt. xx, 29-34
and Mc. x, 46-52. For an account of a similar error, see The Lollard
Bible, Deanesly, M., Camb. Univ. Press, p. 194.

72.33. sauen hym. Should be sauen hem.

73.7-9. so pat hij ne weren aiempted ne adrad of pe byleue, n[o] more
pan hij hodden ysei^en hisfrende dyen in his presence] A. et gaudeo propter
vos, ut credatis, quoniam non eram ibi. Ioh. xi, 15.

75. § 81, heading. Here bigynnep pe secounde meditacioun by pe purs-
day. This seems to point to the Harmony being used as a book of medi-
tations. Cf. 87. § 95, heading. Here bigynnep pe sexte meditacioun vpon
pefriday and Note. See also Introd. p. xlix-1.

75.26. me. Should be hir] A. in memoriam eius. Mc. xiv, 9.

76.29-30. bot %if pai helden hem stille, pe wers pai schulden crien]
A. Dico vobis quia si hi tacuerint, lapides clamabunt. Lc. xix, 40.

77.5, alle pe seke men] A. totus mundus. Ioh. xii, 19. There may
have been some confusion between late Lat. mundus, ' multitude,' and
Lat. immundus, ' unclean.'

78.21-22. of markandises and of al oper erpelich ping. Addition.
Cf. Mc. xi, 27; Lc. xx, 1.

79.19. vyne. There is an omission after vyne. Cf. Mt. xxi, 33-38 =
Mc. xii, 1-7 = Lc. xx, 9-14. The subject of redde is pe folk.

80.21. so comen pe Saducens & seiden] A. accesserunt ad eum
Sadducaei qui dicunt. Mt. xxii, 23.

81.4-6. For God seide pat he is God Abraham <fc God Ysaik efe God
Jacob ; and pan semep it wel pat hij ben jutt] A. De resurrectione
autem mortuorum non legistis quod dictum est a deo dicente vobis Ego
sum deus Abraham et deus Isaac et deus Iacob ? Non est deus mortuorum
sed viventium. Mt. xxii, 31-32.

81.6-7. for whi tweie of pise pal in none manere weren, ne mijtten in
none manere ben. A curious addition, without any apparent connection
with the context.

81.15-17. for pe secounde of pise two comaundementy so fallep to al
pe law^e and to al pe prophecie] A. In his duobus mandatis universa lex
pendet et prophetae. Mt. xxii, 40.

84.10. he, i. e. ' the temple.' See Introd. p. xvi.

84.12-13. hij schulden so be destrued, i. e. ' the stones of the temple.'

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84.27. verities of heuene] A. virtutes caelorum. ML xxiv, 29. Cf.
Wycl. Late Version, vertues of heuenes.

85.22-24. he rewarded hem hei^elich, pe tweie pat hodden his goodes
he dubbled it hem. Obscure, owing to mistranslation. The meaning
is : 'he rewarded highly the two (servants) who had doubled his goods.'
Probably ' ydubbled ' has been omitted after ' goodes. '

85.33-34. and po on pe left half = and po [gott], etc.

87. § 95, heading, pe sexte meditacioun vpon pe friday. The author
of the pseudo-Bonaventura's Meditationes Vitae Christi advised his reader,
for purposes of meditation, to divide the life of Christ into seven portions,
one for each day of the week. This work had an enormous popularity
and influence. For the text see 8. Bonaventurae Opera, Moguntiae, 1609
(Vatican edition), vi, p. 401. ' Meditationes vero sic diuide, vt die Lunse
incipiens, procurras usque ad fugam Domini in ^Egyptum. Et eo ibi
dimisso, die Martis, pro eo rediens, mediteris vsque ad apertionem libri in
synagoga. Die mercurij exinde, vsque in ministerium Mariae & Marthse.
Die Iouis abinde, vsque ad passionem. Die Veneris & sabbathi, vsque
ad resurrectionem. Die vero Dominica, ipsam resurrectionem, & vsque
in finem.' For a note on the authorship, see 8. Bonaventurae Commentaria,
Quaracchi edition, x, p. 25. [The above references were very kindly given
to me by Miss Margaret Deanesly. — M. G.]

87. § 95, heading, contd. fram pe tyme of complyn tyl pat it were morowe.
This is an error, as the time described refers to the events, not of § 95,
but of § 96. (Cf. § 96, heading, fram euensong tyme til it were on pe morowe.)
The heading of § 95 should probably be emended to something like fram
pe pursduy tofore til it was euensong tyme. Cf. §§ 94, 96, headings.

87.9-10. asken to hym & to his deciples, i. e. '/or him & for his
disciples.' Probably some such expression as ' a room ' has been omitted
after asken. Cf. A. et quocumque introierit dicite domino domus quia
magister dicit Ubi est refectio mea ubi pascha cum discipulis meis
manducem? Mc. xiy, 14. Cf. also diversorium. Lc. xxii; 11.

87.31. pe most of hem, i. e. ' the greatest of them.' Cf. A. qui prae-
cessor est. Lc. xxii, 26.

88.6-7. 'And pow,' he seide, ' sum tyme turne ajein, and conforte pi
breperen.' Obscure, owing to mistranslation. See Introd. p. xvii.

88.16-18. who so hadde sachel oiper scrippe, pat he schulde it selle,
and biggen hem swerdes ; and who so hadde none, selle his kirtel, and bugge
hym a sweerd pere wip] A. Sed nunc qui habet sacculum tollat, similiter
et peram, et qui non habet vendat tunicam suam et emat gladium. Lc.
xxii, 36.

90.4-5. for alle po pat leueden in hym porow$ her prechynge] A. pro
eis qui credituri sunt per verbum eorum in me. loh. xvii, 20.

90.23-24. ouer pe water of Cedron. But Jesus had already crossed
to the Gethsemane side of pe water of Cedron as He went from Jerusalem
vn to pe mounte of Olyuete (90.11). This error comes from adding, instead
of interweaving, the various Gospel narratives; trans torrentem Cedron
(loh. xviii, 1), being merely parallel to in montem oliveti (ML xxvi, 30)

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132 Notes

and to in montem olivarum (Mc. xiv, 26; Lc. xxii, 39). See Introd.
p. Mi.

91.15-16. d> seide hem J?at hij badden yaleped ynonj, and pat kij
arisen <£• <$eden forp wip hytn] A. et ait illia Dormite iam el requiescite:
sufficit : venit hora : ecce traditur filiua hdminis in manus peccatorum.
Surgite, eamus. Mc. xiv, 41-42. The Vulgate has been modified in order
to overcome the apparent contradiction between ' Dormite ' and 'Surgite.'

91.20. wip armes and wip launces and wip torches] A. cum lanternis
et facibus et armia. Ioh. xviii, 3.

92.14-15. to Annas hous, pat hadde pe bisschopes dou^tter Cayphas
pat ilk jere y wedded. A mistranslation. The names Annas and Cayphas
should be interchanged. The meaning would then be : ' the house of
Caiaphas who had that year wedded the daughter of Annas, the high
priest.' See Ioh. xviii, 13. Caiaphas was the de facto high priest at that
time, but Annas, though deposed, may still have kept his title. In any
case it is clear that the harmonist supposed he did. See 93.11, 21, 28,
where Annas is thrice referred to as pe biss(c)hop(p) ; the first reference
corresponding to ' pontifici ' (Ioh. xviii, 22), the second and third to
' princeps sacerdotum ' (ML xxvi, 62, 65).

92.17. Annas house] atrium pontificis. Ioh, xviii, 15. Cf. 92.14-
15, Note. The house technically belonged to Caiaphas, as de facto high
priest, but perhaps Annas was allowed to retain part of it for his own
use, especially as he was father-in-law to Caiaphas (Ioh. xviii, 13).

94.34-95.1. And Judas . . . went hym forp, and henge hym self on
a nelren tree. [The following note is based on references kindly com-
municated by Professor Kennedy.— M. G.] The tradition that it was an
elder tree on which Judas hanged himself is found in England and France
but not in Italy. There was an early Italian belief that the tree was the
' carob,' or S. John's Bread-tree, which gave John the Baptist his ' locusts '
(Mt, iii, 4), and the prodigal son the ' husks ' he would fain have eaten l
(Lc. xv, 16).

1 Era disopra alia fonte un carrubbio,
L1 arbor si dice, ove s'impiccd GiudaJ 2

says Luigi Pulci in his heroic poem, '11 Morgante Maggiore,' first
published in Venice in 1481.

In England and France, however, the elder-tree legend seems to have
held its place unchallenged. Under 'seur,' the dominant O.F. form of
' elder-tree,' Godefroy 3 quotes : —

' Per a Judas qu'il seit entendre,
Qui de Jhesum velt deniers prendre,
Peis se corut au seur pendre.'

1 See N.E.D. under carob ; also Dictionary of Faiths and Folk-lore,
Hazlitt, W. C, London, 1905, Vol. I, p. 206, elder.

a Pulci, Luigi, // Morgante Maggiore, Land. 1788, Tom. Ill, canto xxv,
stanza 77, 11. 1-2.

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Notes 133

(Est. de Fougeres, Livre des manieres, 310, Talbert.)
In his ' Travels,' after speaking of the Pool of Siloam and the pillar
which Absalom caused to be put up in his own memory, Mandeville goes
on to say : ' Et assez pres est vnquore Iarbre de Sohur,1 ou Iudas se
pendy, pur desperance de ceo qil auoit vendeu et trahiz nostre Seignur.' 2
This passage in the current English version of the Travels 3 reads : ' And
faste by, is zit the Tree of Eldre, that Judas henge him self upon, for
despeyr that he hadde, whan he solde and betrayed oure Lord.'

In each of the three versions of ' Piers the Plowman ' the legend is
mentioned :

' Iudas he iapede with the Iewes seluer,
And on an ellerne treo hongede him after.' 4

The idea was still popular in Shakespeare's time. In the last scene
of ' Love's Labours' Lost ' (Furness, H. H., Variorum Ed., 1904, Act V.
Scene 2, 11. 668-673), when the pedant Holofernes enters as Judas Maccabeus
in the ' Pageant of the Nine Worthies,' the French lords Dumain, Boyet
and Biron, mock him as Judas the Traitor : —

Ped. Iudas I am.

Dum. The more fhame for you Iudas.

Ped. What meane you sir ?

Boi. To make Iudas hang himfelfe.

Ped. Begin fir, you are my elder.

Bet. Well follow'd, Iudas was hang'd on an Elder.

In ' Every Man out of his Humour ' (Act IV. Scene 4) Ben Jonson
makes Carlo say in jest to Sogliardo of his friend Shift : ' He shall be your
Judas, and you shall be his elder-tree to hang on.' See Halliwell's edition
of Shakespeare, Vol. IV, pp. 421-2, Note 117.

95.17-18. Bot Jesus hem ansuered nou^th, ne Pilate neiper, i. e. Jesus
gave no answer either to the Jews or to Pilate.

96.5, 8. Barraban] A. ' Barraban,' ML xxvii, 20, ace. of ' Barabbas,'
Cf. 97.13, Barabban, and 18.13, Note.

96.35. of hym, ' over him.'

97.11-12. A rhymed couplet : —

' pis see ^e wel.' And hij ansuereden alle :
' His bloode on vs and oure childer failed

99.22-23. ' Hely, HelyS and seide pis psalme of pe sautere : ' Deus,
Deus meus, respice in me '] A. Heli heli lema sabacthani, hoc est Deus
meus deus meus, ut quid dereliquisti me ? Mt. xxvii, 46.

pis psalme, i. e. Psalm xxii, which begins ' Deus, Deus meus, respice
in me : quare me dereliquisti ? '

S "S

1 Sekur, Brit. Mus. MS. Sloane 1464 : Seur, Brit. Mus. MS. Grenville

xxxix.

2 Mandeville's Travels, Warner, G. F., Boxburghe Club, 1889, p. 46,
11. 40-41.

3 Mandeville's Travels, Halliwell, J. 0., Lond. 1839, p. 93.

« Piers Plowman, Skeat, W. W., Clar. Press, 1886, Vol. T. A.-text,
Passus I, 11. 65-66.

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99.25-26. Hely, a man pat woned amonges hem in her baylie, ' Elias,
a man that dwelt amongst them in their bailiwick.' This curious
addition also appears ill The Northern Passion, edited by Miss F. A.

Foster: —

' thay wende he haued callede hely

J?at was a mane in thaire baylly.'1

101.7. mirre and encense and wormode] A. murrae et aloes. loh.
xix, 39.

101.8-9. and dude it pere pine] it refers to the mixture of mirre and
encense and wormode (101.7).

101.22-23. a riche oignement pat is ycleped ' aromatha '] A mistrans-
lation of the Latin aromata et ungenta (Lc. xxiii, 56), ' spices and ointments.'
Cf. pe oignement aromatha 102.3.

102.1-2. Upon pe morowe, als erlich as any man my^th honouren\
A. Et cum transisset sabbatum . . . orto iam sole. Mc. xvi, 1-2.
Cf. Mt. xxviii, 1. Has orto been taken as connected with orare ?

102.2. pe Maries, i. e. ' Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of
James.' To these S. Mark (xvi, 1) adds ' Salome ' and S. Luke (xxiv, 10)
' Joanna.'

102.14. pe wymmen, i. e. pe Maries. See 102.2, Note.

102.15. asked which opere hem schulden helpe] A. Et dicebant ad
invicem : Quis revolvet nobis lapidem, etc. ? Mc. xvi, 3.

103,3-4. Andpo comen pe wymmen. Cf . pe wymmen als hij jeden toward
pe sepulchre (102.14-15).

103.27. pe aungels arisen ajeins Jesu, i. e, ' the angels arose to meet
Jesus.'

106.37-38. pe twelue apostles. But there were at that time only
eleven. Cf. A. ' invenerunt congregates undecim.'' Lc. xxiv, 33.

108.12. efytenep. Should be 'eighth.' Cf. A. 'post dies octo.'
Ioh. xx, 26.

110.32. pat he schulde dwellen. This should probably be emended
to [he ivolde] pat ... Cf. he wolde, 1. 36 ; also the French Bible printed
at Lyons in 1521 by Guyard des Moulins : — ■' Je vueil quil soit en celle
maniere tant que ie vie?i.gne. Que appartient il a toy ? ' 2 A. has Sic
eum volo manere doneo veniam, quid ad te ? Ioh. xxi, 22.

111.3. maunde. The Last Supper. Cf. maundee 111.27. The cere-
mony of washing the feet of poor persons on the day before Good Friday
was instituted in commemoration of Christ's washing the apostles' feet
at the Last Supper, and of his injunction that his disciples should in like
manner wash one another's feet (John xiii, 14). The words ' A new
commandment (mandatum novum) give I unto you, that ye love one
another ' (ibid. 34) from the discourse which followed the washing of the
apostles' feet, were adopted as the first antiphon sung at the commemor-
ative observance, which hence acquired the name of mandatum. In later

1 The Northern Passion, Vol. I., E E.T.S., Orig. Ser., No. 145, p. 210,
11. 1795-6. (MS. Add. 31042, B. Mua.)

2 Communicated by Miss Mabel Day.

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iVofes . 135

use, perhaps owing to the currency of dies mandati as a name for the day
before Good Friday, mandatum frequently, as here, denotes the Last
Supper itself (N.E.D.).

111.3-4. vpe pe fourtipe day after his vpryst, i. e. the disciples re-
turned to Jerusalem and assembled in the Upper Room on the fourtieth
day after the Resurrection.

111.19. abiden in Jerusalem to conforten hem. This should probably
be emended to : abiden in Jerusalem [til pat he hadde sent pe Holy Qost]
to conforten hem. Cf. Acts i, 4-5.

113. Colophon : Here enden pe gospels an hundrep and sex, outenomen
pe passioun of Jesu Crist. There are seven gospels, or chapters, which
deal with the Passion, viz. §§ 94-100. These are outenomen because the
Passion was often written as a separate and complete work. See Forster,
F. A., The Northern Passion, Vol. II, E.E.T.S. Orig. Ser., No. 147, pp. 47-i9.

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VOCABULARY

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abayschten pt. pi. were amazed,
68.22 j abaischt, abayscht, abayst,
p.p. abashed, discomforted,
76.36, 102.12; 31.2, 69.8; 8.17,
110.18. A. Fr. (s>&cw«s- = OF.
(s')ebaiss- Mod. F. (s')ebahir.
abowvjen prs. pi. submit, 72.2. OE.

a-bugan. Cf. bour^eande.
ac conj. but, 1.9,11, etc. OE. ac.
acorden inf. agree, 93.21 ; acordeden
pt. pi. 93.19; acorded p.p. 95.31.
OF. acorder.

intensive prefix,
See drenchen.
prs. trustest, 99.6 ;
prs. 68.23 ; aflieden
OF. a/ier.

adrenchen. a,
+ drenchen.

affiest 2 sg.
a$e)? 3 sg.
pt. pi. 66.22.

qfyngred p.p. very hungry, famished,
78.6. For af-hyngred, OE. o/-

a£nou>e p.p. avowed, (self-)recog-
nised, 24.17. OE. on-cndwan.

almesful adj. charitable, 41.14.
OE. telmysse + OE. full.

alosed p.p. renowned (for good-
ness), 14.17; (for wickedness),
32.10. OF. aloser to praise.

ameued p.p. agitated, 5.38 ; stirred,
moved (inwardly), 54.21. OF,
ameitver, amover.

amonestynge vbl. sb. admonition,
7.36. OF. amonester.

aneijed pt. sg, drew near to, 24.20.
ME. a prefix -f OE. neah, nth, adv.

a-nemptes prep, with, ' apud,' 68.27.
A form of anent.

anged adj. steep, 19.4, Cogn. w.
OE. anga sb. prickle, goad. Cf.
also ON. angi spike, and angr
fjord (Fritzner, J., Ordbog over
del garrde norske Sprog, Vol. I,
Kristiania, 1886).

anityh adv. during the night, 6.19.
OE. a(n) -f- OE. adv. gen. nihi.es.

anoyed p.p. t For enewed, plunged

into the water, 109.28. OF.

enewer, eneauer.
apayed p.p. pleased, 10.12, 57.31,

OF. apayer f. late L. ad-pacdre.
aperlelich adv. openly, 49.29. OF.

apert + OE. -lie.
ap(p)araile inf. to make ready,
2.16, 58.6. OF. apa-

learning, 52.24. OF.

and p.p. from aprendre.

acquaintances, 26.12.

prepare,

miller,
aprise sb.

aprise sb.
aqueyntes sb.

OF. acoint.
a-rede imp. sg. declare, prophesy,

93.36. OE. arsedan. Cf. redd*,
arst adv. first, 85.6; before, 101.14.

OE. shrest, superl. of ser.
assaye inf. call upon, 11.4, 34.24.

In 11.4, there seems the ad-
ditional meaning 'try, tempt.'

OF. assayer.
aseged p.p. besieged, 76.33. OF.

asegier, late L. assedidre.
atempted p.p. tempted to evil, 73.8.

OF. (xiv c) attempter, Latinised

spelling of attenier.
atened p.p. enraged, 38.4. See tened.
atiren inf. prepare, 84. § 93, heading ;

aiireden pt. pi. 101.23. OF, atirer

to arrange, esp. one's dress.
atyren inf. prepare, 75.2. Cf. atiren.
auenaunt adj. suitable, 5.9, 79.25.

OF. avenant pr. p. of avenir.
aungel sb, messenger, 31.29. OF.

angele, L. angelus, Gr. &yyt\os,

messenger.
avised pt. sg. refl, observed, watched

70.22, 92.28. OF. aviser.
avoutrie sb. adultery, 55.1, pi. 50.4.

OF. avoutrie.

baily sb. administrator, 94.16;

bailyues officers of justice, 80.8.

OF. bailli bailiff.
barme sb. bosom, 64.24. OE. barm.

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Vocabulary

137

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baylie, var, of baillie, bailiwick, the

district under the jurisdiction of

a ' bailiff,' 99.26. OF. baillie :—

late L, bdjulla, f. bajulus bailiff.

See baity.
besaunt(es), besaunt(^) sb. besant(s),

'talenta1 85.21(2x), 22; pounds,

'mnas* 70. § 77, heading, 71.4.

OF. besan(z), L. byzardius (sc.

nummus) from Byzantium where

the coin was first struck.
biclippede, biclept pt. sg. embraced,

67. § 73, heading, 68.2. OE.

beclyppan.
bichsen inf. enclose, 3.16. OE.

beclysan modified by OF. clos-

stem of clore.
bigge inf. redeem, 69.35; biggen

6.26; buy, 88.17, 89.13,

95.5; bugge 15.14, ? inf. 88.18.

OE. byc^{e)an.
biheste sb. promise, 26.28. OE.

behees, .

bihett pt. sg. promised, 86.18;

biheten pt. pi. 86.18; bihoten p. p.

1.8,17. OE. behdtan.
biknoioe p.p. in phr. were biknowe

= confessed, 56.16. OE. be-cnd-

wan. Cf. alcnowe.
bileft(e) pt. sg. remained, 3.33, 8.9 ;

byleft 106.30; bileued 106.29;

bileften pt.pl. 109.30. OE. be

+ Ixfan.
bileued 106.29. Cf. bileft(e).
birijen inf. bury, 21.5. OE. byr^an.
bitraisted p.p. betrayed, 84.21.

Probably a mistaken spelling

of bilraished. OE. be -\- tra'iss-,

trahiss-, lengthened stem of F.

trahir.
biwryeden 37.6, 55.24. Cf. bywryen.
bUmnen pt. pi. ceased, 96.12, OE.

blinnan.
bocched p.p. afflicted with an ulcer-
ous swelling, p. 42, § 44, heading

and line 18. ONF. boche= OF.

boce, ulcer. Cf. Mod. Eng. boss,
bode sb. word, message, 6.9. OE.

bod.
bonair adj. 26.30. Cf. de-bon-air,

-eire, 59. § 63, heading, 27.29.

OF, debonaire.
bottler sb. butler, 12.19. OF. bou-

teillier f. bouleille.
bowjeande pr. p. obedient, 21.27,

34.14; bowled pt. sg. bowed,

100.4. OE. bugan.
bride ale sb. wedding feast, 23.30-31,

bridale 23.32. OE. bryd-eah, lit,

' wedding ale.'
brides sb. bridal couple, 85.18.

OE. bryd, bride.
brydegoome sb. bridegroom, 85.16.

OE. brydguma.
byhoue sb. use, 101.15. OE.

*behdf, utility, occurring in the

deriv. bihof-lic, useful.
byname 112.18. See bynymen.
bynymen inf. take from, 63.25;

seize, 'corripe,' 60.14; byname

pt. sg. took away, 112.18. OE.

beniman.
bywryen inf. accuse, 37.23 ; biwryeden

pt. pi. 37.6, 55.24. OE. be- +

wregan. Cf, wryen.

cacchen inf. in phr. cacchen hym

away — chase him away, 19.30.

ONF. cockier, mod. F. chasser.
castel(s) sb. village(s), 29.24, 30.3, 8,

33.17, 36.1, 105.24, 106.27; L.

castellum.
casten pt. pi. threw away, rejected,

79.23. ON. kasta to cast, throw.
charge}? imp. pi. burden, 85.7 ;

charged p.p. 34.28. OF. charger,
chateux sb. goods, chattels, 49.18.

OF. chateux. See Introd. p. xv.
chesible sb. chasuble, 103.6. OF.

chesible.
chiden inf. wrangle, 65.4. ? OE.

cidan, to blame.
cisterne sb. pool, ' piscina,' 44.14.

OF. cisterne.
clepen inf. call, 85.33; cleped pt. sg.

6.5, 67.27; clep-ed p.p. 3.17, 4.6;

— id p.p. 3.11. OE. cleopian.
clos sb. in clos, in a closed* place,

shut up, 108.12-13. F. clos.
commune adj. public, belonging to

the community, 80.26. OF.

comun, L. communis,
conestable sb. ' centurio * 29.6, 20;

'tribunus8 91.33. OF. conest-
able.
conforted p.p. strengthened, 4.24.

OF. cun-, conforter.
conseileden pt. pi. took counsel,

80.1. F. conseiller.
contrarie prs. pi. gainsay, 36.29., F.

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138

Vocabulary

contrarier (11th c. in Littre) ad.
late L. contrdridre.
cosynage sb. kinship, the condition

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of being
cousinage.

cousins,' 69.27. F.

coueilise sb. covetousness, 85.9.

OF. coveitise.
couenable adj. appropriate, 2.17.

A. Fr. and OF. covenable, var. of

convenable.
countrepleden inf. plead against,

oppose, 7.14. A. Fr. contrepleder
coupable adj. guilty, deserving

punishment, 100.14. OF. coup-
able,
covplen inf. join, connect, 79.25.

OF. coupler, see couples,
couples sb. rafters, 22.32. OF.

cople, cuph, later couple,
cracche sb. cradel, 5.7, 18, 25. OF.

creche, cresche.
cracchen inf. spit upon, 93.33;

craccheden pt. pi. 97.20. OF.

crachier.
creauncer sb. creditor, 32.26. OF.

creancer,
croice sb. cross, 84.30. OF. crois,

croiz.
crouche sb. cross, 57.12. Late OE.

cruc (f. L. cruc-em) with final c

palatalised according to the

Italian form.
culueren sb. doves, 12.28. OE.

culfer, culfre.

darnel sb. ' zizania,* 43.10. A

harmful grass, Lolium temulen-

tum, which in some countries

grows as a weed among corn.

Origin unknown.
daubed p.p. plastered, painted,

82.10. OF. dauber, L. dealbdre,

to whiten over.
defenden inf. forbid, 60.9; defended

pt. sg. 38.20, 58.1, 67.10, 86.13;

defendende pr. p. 94.23 ; defended

p.p. 60.7. OF. defendre.
demeyned pt. sg. behaved, 58.27;

pt. pi. refl 13.6. OF. (se) deme-

ner.
destourblen inf. interfere with, check,

76.28 ; destourblep 3 pr. sg. 63.2.

OF. desturber.
destresse sb. compulsion, 26.28.

OF, destresse,

OF.
OE.

drawjen

destrued p.p. destroyed, 71.11, 76.33.

OF. desiruire.
disseueren inf. separate, 85.29.

disseverer, L. disstpardre.
diyth p.p. prepared, 87.13.

dihtan, L. dictdre.
doel sb. lamentation, 45.29. OF.

doel.
dome sb. judgment, 84.6. OE.

dom.
douted pt. sg. refl. was afraid, 4.2,

53. § 58, heading. OF. se douter.
p.p. removed, 100. § 101,

heading. OE. dragan,
drenchen inf. drown, 18.6; adren-

chen 21.18. OE. drencan, causal

deriv. of ' drink.'
dressen inf. refl. move, 42.19. OF.

se dresser,
dronkelew adj. as sb. one given to

drunkenness, 32.8. f. druncen,

p.p. OE. drincan, -f- -lew.
dubbled pt. sg. doubled, 85.24. OF.

dubler.
duden in the phrase duden mychel

after ' greatly honoured,' lit,

' acted much in obedience to.'

See N.E.D. do after.
(erpe)dyne sb. earthquake, 84.20.

OE. dyne, a loud noise.

Effren Ephraim, ' Efrem,' 74.32.
eft sones adv. soon afterwards,

91.10-11. OE. eft+sona, with

advbl. -s.
egemesse sb. bitterness of heart,

67.7. OF. aigre + OE. -nes(se).
eityte adj. eighth, 5.31. OE. eahta.
elde sb. age, 4.23. OE. eldo.
elde adj. old, 8.29. OE. (WS.) eald.
Eli^e Eliseus, ' Helisaeus,' 19.1.

Cf. he. iv. 27.
elleue(ne) adj. and sb.

109. § 111, heading and

111.26. OE. endleofan.
Elye 18.32. See Helie.
enchacen inf. drive away,

en + OF. chacier.
enchesoun sb. fault, cause for

condemnation, 9.20, 95.15,34,

96.10,26 ; penchesoun 67.5 ; porouj

penchesoun because, 7.12. OF.

enchesoun, L. occasion-em.
ensample sb. example, 88.36, etc,

OF. essample.

eleven,
line 1,

34.16.

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etitentiflich adv. attentively, 6.7.

OF. ententif.
entermete inf. meddle, 97.6. OF.

enfre(e) sb.
101.17, 35.

entrance,

opening,
Fr. entree,
ester sb. Easter, ' pascha,' 75.1,

86.3, 87.1; estren 12.26; esterne

82.24; eslumeS.5.
ewandelye sb. Gospel record, 75.25.

A corrupt form of ewangelye, L.

evangelium.
ewangeliste sb. evangelist, 89.2. Fr.

evange'liste.
eysel 100.1. See eysile.
eysile sb. vinegar 99.29, 31. OF.

aisil.

fanteme sb. illusion, phantom, 47.31.

OF. fantesme.
fatte sb. vat, 22.15. OE. feet,
fer adv. far, 92.16, etc. OE. feor.
felle adj. cruel, 82.12. OF. fel.
felle ?, 57.26. See Notes.
felowered sb. intercourse, 3.14. Late

OE. feola^a sb., ON. felage, f. fe

= OE. feoh property, money, +

OE. -rmden, condition.
fere adj. in health, able to go, in phr.

hole and fere, 17.11. OE. faran.
ferping sb. farthing, ' quadrans,'

82.29. OE. feorping.
figere sb. fig-tree, 78.15, fyge(e)r(e)

12.2, 42.10, 78. § 83, heading and

lines. 7, 11. OF. figier. Cf. fyge

tree 11.33.
figured ppl. adj. likened, 79.22. Cf.

Fr. figure sb., figurer vb.
filep 3 prs. sg. defiles, 50.2, 7, filed

pt.sg. defiled, 49.23. OE.

*fylan.
fioures sb. flowers, 76.15. OF, flour,
flum sb. river, 72.14, 18. OF. fium,

L. fltlmen.
fondyng vbl. sb. temptation, 91.9.

OE. fandian to test, tempt, +

•ing.
forclosed p.p. shut out, 85.17. OF.

forclos p.p. oiforchre.
forlesen inf. lose, 83.15. OE.

forleosan.
forworpe inf. wither, perish, 78.11-

12. OE. forweorpan.
for^ouen pt. opt, pi. forgave, 60.29.

OE. forjiefan.

founden pt. pi. provided for, 33.14.
OE. findan.

freschchep pr. sg. 1 fr[u]schchep, col-
lapses, 28.5. OF. fruissier, pop. L.
*frustidre, to shiver to pieces.

froteden pt. pi. rubbed, 37.3-4.
OF. froter.

fru^t sb. fruit, 78.11. Cf. fruyt(t)
78.8, 9, etc. OF. fruit.

fulle 1.12. See Notes.

fyge(e)r(e) 12.2, etc. See figere.

glosen inf. flatter, 80.9. OF. gloser.
glotonye sb. gluttony, 85.8. OF.

ghdonie.
gott sb. pi. goats, 85.30. OE. gat.
grauen p.p. buried, 39.17. See

ygrauen.
greip-en inf. make ready, 87.5;

—eden pt.pl. 87.12; — e 3

sg. subj., 65.7. ON. greipa i.

greipr ready.
gret adj. gret poeple, great multi-
tude, 38.11; adv. very, 75.10,

92.23. OE. great adj.
gretten pt.pl. greeted, 97.20. OE.

grcetan.
greuen inf. hurt, 111.17. Fr. grever.
griselich adv. horribly, 58.27. Late

OE. grislic.
Gru sb. Greek, 98.11. OF. griu, gru.
gruccheden pt. pi. grumbled, 63.

§67, heading and line 6. OF.

groucher, gruchier

half sb. side, 14.6, 15.10,11, 85.
31,34, 94.11, 103.5,21, 109.24;
— pi. 100.10; halue direction,
46. 14 ; on anoper half on another
account, moreover, 37.10; on
his halue on his behalf, 31.10;
a Goddes halue in God's name,
13.21, 21.34-35, 53.20, 79f3, 4-5,
6-7. OE. healf.

haluendel sb. half, 45.23; adj.
40.26. OE. pone healf an diel,
accus. case of se healfa dsel, the
half part.

hastyf&dj. sudden, 55.7. OF. hastif.

heet,(e) 87.18, 89.12. See hote.

heilseden pt. pi. greeted, 104.8.
ON. heilsa to salute.

Helie Elias, ' Helias,' 9.25; Hely(e)
2.11, 57.27, 58.4, 99.22(2x), 25.
Cf. Elye 18.32; Elias 57.23.

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Acw variant of %m him, 2.28, 10.5,

33.14(2x), 36.22, 39.23, ?43.14,

16, 62.20, 88.4(2x), 17.
her poss. pron. their, 5.10, etc.

See Introd. p. xxxv, § 59. OE.

gen. plur. hiera.
her(e) sb. hair, 9.5, 32.17, 33.1 OE.

(Angl.) Mr.
herberouje inf. lodge, entertain,

70.23. See herberour^e.
herberow^e sb. shelter, 61. §64,

heading. Early ME. herberj(e),

ON herbergi.
heylsinge vbl. sb. salutation, 3.7.

See heilseden.
hiren poss. pron. theirs, 27.7. See

Introd. p. xxxv, § 59. OE. gen.

plur. hiera.
honoura[n]ce sb. honour, 75.20.

OF. honorance, onnourance, action

d'honorer, veneration. Cf. Godef.

Die. de fane. lang. fr.
honour en inf. worship, 102.2; hon-

ourede pt. sg. 91.4; honoureden

pt. pi. 109.6; honoured p.p. 90.28.

OF. (h)onourer.
hoste sb. host, 62.8; pi. guests,

' invitatos,' 62.6, 12. OF. hoste.

See Notes on 62.6, 12.
hote inf. used pass, be called, 2.8,

3.10, 4.13; heet(e) pt. sg. com-
manded, 87.18, 89.12; hixth,

hi%tte pt. sg. used pass, was called,

3.2,4.14; 2.33; hiyhten pt. pi.

promised, 104.21; yhoten p.p.

111.20; hifyte p.p. declared, 6.4,

OE. hat-an, pt. sg, heht, contr.

het, pi. hehton, heton, p.p. hdten.
houende pr, p. lying at anchor, 17.23.

Derivation unknown.
houseled pt. sg. communicated,

87.25. OE. huslian f. husl

sacrifice.
hudde pt. sg. hid, 2.29. OE. hydan.
hundred sb. hundred, 22.1, 100.9,

hundrepes, 47.5. ON. hundrap

= OE. hundred.

ifere adv. = in fere in company,
together, 108. § 110, heading. OE.
^e- kre sb.

ilk adj. same, 90.20, etc. OE.
ilea, ilee.

jn sb. inn, 20.12. OE. inn.

inderlich adv. earnestly, 18.22, 28.31.

OE. inner-a -f- -lie.
isioihis, 14.16,80.18,19.
iourne sb. a day's journey, ' iter

diei,' 8.10. OF. journee.
ioynen inf. put together, make {as

a joiner), 23.15. OF. joign- stem

of joindre.

karful adj. sorrowful, 103.17. OE.
earful i. cam.

knowlechynge vbl. sb. acknowledge-
ment, 4.32. Cf. knowlechen inf.
confess, 33.32, ad. OE. (y)cnd-
wan, to know.

ladde p.p. ? invited, 12.5. OE.
la&ian, to invite.

lambren sb. lambs, 110.15. OE.
lamb.

langage(s) sb. language(s), 111.14,
112.33. Fr. langage.

langoured pt. sg. was wasting away,
72.22. OF. langorer i. langor sb.

lappeden pt. pi. wrapped, 96.14.
Prob. f. OE. lappa in the sense
' fold ' or ' piece of cloth.'

latel p.p. left, 101.18. OE. Iktan.

law$e(n) inf. laugh, 32.4; 75.16;
louden pt. pi. 97.19; 99.2;
lowjen pt. pi. 64.6. OE. hlehhan,
hliehhan, Anglian hlsehhan.

lecke sb. physician, 23.25; pi. 24.11.
OE. Isece.

le(e)pes sb. baskets, 47.13, 52.4.
OE. leap,

legge(n) inf. let down, 17.30,33;
deposit, 41.4. OE. leegan.

lep(e) pt. sg. leapt, 99.30, 102.20,
OE hleapan, pt. sg. hleop.

Men inf. permit, 76.7, 100,23 ; lete
100.23; Hen inf. cease, 20.15;
lette 38.28; leten pt.pl. per-
mitted, 76.11 ; — pt. pi. thought,
72.12; letep imp, pi. allow,
91.29; leten p.p. left, 4.1; — of,
esteemed, 44.10; ? late p.p. left
as, 101.18. OE. IMan,

hue adj. beloved, 28.30. OE. leof.

leuer compar. adv. in phrase hodden
leuer, preferred, 96.4. See leue.

leueyn sb. leaven, 43.16. Fr. levain.

lewed adj. ignorant (implying a
reproach), 54.31, 87.30. OE.
Ixwede.

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ft&&en. inf. live, 83.2. OE. Zi&&an.

fojres sb. lit. ' lodges,' in phrase
fest(e) of , feast of Taber-
nacles, 53. § 59, heading and line
18. OF. loge, arbour, hut.

lokyng vbl. sb. appearance, 102.10.
See looke.

looke inf. (pass, through ellipsis of
object), watch, 101.29 ; lokeden
pt.pl. looked, 102.17; pt. pi. refl.
subj. should guard, 34.19. OE.
locian.

lookers sb. keepers, 102.11. See
looke.

lordynges sb. lords, 45.18. OE.
hid ford + -ing.

louden, lovr^en. See law$e(n).

bidder comp. adv. louder, 70.9.
OE. Mud.

lyes sb. lees (of wine), 23.36. Fr. lie.

lyfte 1 prs. sg. lift, 9.32. ON. lypta.
Cf. ON. lopt, OE. lyft, sky. See
Introd, p. xvi.

maister sb. 'scriba,' 20.30, 21.3, 8;
* pater familias,' 43.26 ; ' maior,'
69.32; leader, 87.28; governor,
94. 16 ; maisters, maistres, ' scri-
bae,' 23.20, 27.11, 39.4, etc.;
maisters ' legis periti,' 40.14,
61.30; ' seniores,' 96.8; maistres
'legis periti,' 32.1; 'legis doc-
tores,' 22.25; rulers, 42.20;
mayster of pe lawe ' legis peritus,'-
31.1 ; maistres of pe lan^e, 77.26 ;
maistres of pe folk 'scribae,' 77.17.
OF. maistre.

marchaunden inf. trade, 71.5. OF.
marcheander f . marchand.

marchaundes sb. merchants, 77.8.
OF. marchand.

margarite sb. pearl, 43.24. OF.
margarite.

markandises sb. merchandise, 78 21.
Fr. marchandise.

maunde(e) sb. in phr. made his
maunde(e), 111.3, 27. Ref. to
the Last Supper. OF. mande,
ad. L. mandatum. See Notes.

medled p.p. mingled, 98.6. OF.
medkr, mesdler f. OF. mesler, L.
miscire.

meigne 12.13. Cf. meynee.

merueile sb. rnervel, 78.13. OF.
merveiUe.

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meseise adj. distressed, 62.9. OF.
mesaise sb.

mesel sb. leper, 28. § 26, heading
and line 8, 64.17,22. OF.
mesel leprous, leper, L. misellus
wretched, wretch.

meywee sb. household, attendants
17.20, 70.31, 92.18, 95.29: fol-
lowers, 83.14. OF. meytiL

mo quasi-sb. more (people), 46.27.
62.13. OE. ma, adv.

mowe(n) inf. be able, 89.19, 111.13,
14, 15 ; mow$e 46.28, 65.2 ; mowen
pt. pi. 67.16. OE. mayin.

mysleeuande ppl. adj. misbelieving,
108.19. OE. mis- + lief an.

myspaide p.p. displeased, 31.23.
OF. mespaier. Cf. paye, paied.

myssiggen inf. speak evil, 60.11.
OE. mis- + OE. secgan. Cf.
sugge.

myster sb. occupation, 18.14; need,
23.25, 36.11, 42.27, 88.31, 89.13,
37, 93.30. OF. mestier, mester.

namelich adv. especially, 10.6. OE.

nama + OE. -lie.
neddre(s) sb. adder(s), 82.12, 111.15.

OE. nxdre.
nedes sb. errands, business, 8.21;

adv. of necessity, 13.27, 14.17,

28.19. OE. nied.
nelren in phr. a nelren tree, sb. as

adj. elder, 95.1. OE. ellsern

elder-tree. For initial n in

nelren. Cf. neddre(s).
nempned p.p. named, 4.17. OE.

nemnan.
nepes sb. in the comb, wilde-nepes,

9.4. See wilde-nepes.
nere adv. never, in no way, 69.21.

Contracted form of OE. n&fre.
nerrer double oompar. adv. nearer,

69.19. Formed on ME. nerre,

ad. ON. nserre, nserri adv.,

' nearer, near,' compar. of nd-

' nigh,2 used only in combs, as

nd-bui neighbour, Cf . OE. nearra

compar. of niah ' nigh.'
nigger sb. a mean, grudging person,

66.16. Dial, variant of niggard,

whose etym. is obscure.
nomen p.p. taken (into custody),

79.31. See nyme.
none sb. ninth hour, 3 p.m., 11.22,

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98. §99, heading; moorce 99.18.

OE. »<Jft ad. L. ?i'3na (Aora).
noupe adv. variant of now now,

41.23, 24. OE. m, now + pd,

then.
nyme inf. take (into custody), 80.3.

OE. niman.
nysten 76.32, etc. = ne widen. See

witen.

obeisschaunt pr. p. obedient, 60.18.

Fr. obeissant, pr. p. of obeir.
offrandes sb. offerings, 41.30;

ojfrendes, 95.4. OF. ofrende ad.

med. L. offerenda, gerundive of

offerre.
oignement sb. ointment, 75.10;

oynement 32.15, 33.5, 75.14. OF.

oigmemcnf.
oiper adj. as sb. another, 43.6 (2x).

OE. oper.
openen inf. make known, 80.6. OE.

openian.
opposeden pt. pi. questioned, 77. § 82

heading. Fr. opposer.
ordeynen inf. put in order, 66.13.

A. Fr. ordeiner ad. L. ordinate,
oriole sb. 21.19. See lntrod. p. xvi.
ostler sb. keeper of a hostelry, 35.18.

A phonetic spelling of hostler,

representing the historical pro-
nunciation with h mute.
ou^th adv. at all, in any way, 99.34.

OE. dwiht, dht,
owep prs. pi. ought, 65.12. OE.

djon, pt. prs, pi. of dym,

paen sb. pagan, 1.19, 39.24; paene

35.15; payene 29.16; paens

91.18; paenes, 29.16. OF. paien.
pans sb. pence, ' denariis,' 75.15.

See peny and pens,
paied pt. sg. pleased, 45.20. OF.

payer, L. pacare. Cf, apayed,
parfelte adj. perfect, 3.23. OF.

parfet.
partie sb. part, 2.14; parties, 8.31.

Fr, partie.
pask Passover, 13.16, 87.16, 100.21 ;

pi. paskes, 16.33. OF. pasche,

pi. pasches : — L. pascha, paschas

{ace. pi.).
paye sb. satisfaction, 36.4. OF.

paie. Cf. apayed, paied.
pays sb. peace, 24.27. OF. pais.

pens sb. pence, ' denarios,' 32.27,28,
35.18; pieces of silver, ' dra^-
mas' 63.14; ' argenteos ' 86.18,
94.30, 95.3 ; ' loculos ' 89.12. Sec
peny and pans.

peny sb. penny, 4.31 ; ' staterem,'
59.20;. 'dragmam,' 63.13; ' de-
narium,' 80.15; penys gen.pl.
' denariorum,' 46.31. OE. pen-
ing, later peni^.

peyned pt. sg. red. took trouble,

36.3. OF. pener, 3rd sg. prs.
peine (10th c. in Littre).

peyniblelich adv. painstakingly, 40. 1 .

Fr. penible + OE -lie.
peynyble adj. painstaking, 38.26.

Fr. pbiible f. peine.,
plenoer adj. as adv. at the full,

54.7. A. Fr. plener full.
pleyneande prs. p. lamenting, 25.1.

OF plaindre.
precede pt. sg. pressed, 38.23;

presed, 24.19; preceden pt.pl.

27.21. A parallel form of ME.

pressen, OF. presser.
pres sb. crowd, 22.30, etc. Prob-

bably = M.E., prees (see 24.13,

97.30), but may represent the

parallel form presse f. Fr. presse.
presed pt. sg. 24,19. See precede,
priuete in phr. in priuete, in private,

93.8. OF. priveti.

pryuelich adv. privately, 100.33.

Fr. prive -f- OE. -lie.
puplisshed pt. pi. proclaim, 100.18.

OF. puplier.
pyne sb. the pains of hell, 69.35.

OE. *pin, ad. L. poena,
pyned p.p. made to suffer, 57.23,

OE. pinian.

quyte adj. free, clear, 55.10; 96.33.
OF. quite ad, L. quietus,

ramesones sb. 9.4. The broad-
leaved garlic, Allium ursinum,
which has an edible bulbous root.
OE. hramsan, pi. of hramsa, was
in later use taken as sing.

raper compar. adv. sooner, 69.5.
OE. hrape adv. soon.

reaume sb. kingdom, 71.7; rewme,

31.4. OF. reaume.

recette sb. receiving- place (for
money), 77.15. OF. recet.

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recwsedeft-pt.pl. rejected, refused
to receive, 67.25. ad. Fr. recuser.

redde pt. sg. took counsel, 79.19.
OE. rzedan, pt. sg. rxdde.

redressed pt. sg. refl. raised (him-
self) again, 55.16. ad. Fr.
redresser.

regne sb. kingdom, 81.19, 99.16.
OF. regne.

regne inf. reign, 88.2. OF. regner.

relefsb. remains of food, 47.12, 52.4,
22; relief 107.25. OF. relef,
relief.

remaeued pt. sg. refl. removed (him-
self), 67.26. OF. remeuv-, re-
mouv-, the stressed stems of
remouvoir.

remue(n) inf. remove, 74.6, 78.18;
remued pt. sg. 102.9 ; yremued
p.p. 102.20. OF. remuer, f. re-
+ muer : — L. mtltare.

repeled pt. sg. summoned back,
reinstated, 60.26. ad. A. Fr.
repeler.

resit inf. cease, 23.32. OE. nvstan,
restan.

rewme 31.4. See reaume.

richesse sb. wealth, 68.23; — — s,
66.23, 68.19. OF. richesse.

rode sb. in phr. on rode, on the cross,
96.12; on roode 96.24, 97.2,3,
16-17; roodetree 99.5. OE. rod.

rot{i)en inf. perish, 42.5, 48.18. OE.
rotian.

route sb. company of people, 8.11.
OF. route.

salueden pt.pl. saluted, 58.12. Fr.

saiuer,
sarmoun sb. spoken word, discourse,

16.26; 113.1; sarmounnyne vbl.

sb. preaching, 48.15-16. AF.

sermun,
sautere sb. Psalter, 81.25. A. Fr.

sauter.
schent pt. sg. put to shame, 49.24;

p.p. 49.26. OE. scendan.
schoynge vbl. sb. shoes (collectively),

88.14. OE. scoh + OE. -ing.
schrede inf. prune, 42,13. OE.

screadian.
schyuer sb. fragment, 46.33. f.

Teut. root *skif- to split.
scraccheden pt. pi. scratched, 96.18.

App. produced by a confusion

of the synonymous scrat, cratch

vbs.
segginge vbl. sb. speech, words,

16.23. OE. secgan + OE. -ing.
seien prs. pi. say, 79.4. OE. secgan.

See sugge.
sei^en pt. pi. saw, 5.25, 6.6. OE.

seon, pt. pi. sse^on.
semblaunt sb. demeanour, 103.17;

made ^ appeared, 47.29. Fr.

semblant.
seten pt. pi. sat, 22.25 ; 92.22. OE.

sittan.
sew{e) pt. sg. sowed, 43.5,8;

43.10. OE. siivan, to sow.
seweden pt. pi. followed,

16-17; siwenden 69.8;

pt. sg. 17.22; ysewed p.p

A. Fr. siwer = OF. sivre.
sex adj

Notes,
sexte adj.
siher adj.

2.30;

siwe

33.14,

siwed
68.30.

six, 2.31. OE. sex. See

sixth, 75.6. OE. sexta.
safe, 68.14; syker certain,
sikerer compar. steadfast,

reliable, 27.11. OE. sicor ad.

L. seeurus.
siwed p.p. sewed, 98.20. OE.

siw(i)an, to sew.
siwed 17.22; siwenden 69.8. See

seweden.
skyl sb. reason, 4.34. ON. skil.
smeren inf. anoint, 32.20; smered

pt. sg. 32.16, 18, 55.38; smereden

pt. pi. 30.23. OE. smerian.
sogette adj. subject, 4.33; sogettes

inflected adj., or pi. sb. 34.21 ;

sugett sb. 69.33. OF. suget, soget.
soleer sb. upper room, 87.13. A. Fr.

soler. Cf. OE. solor.
sopeer sb. supper, 75.8; sopere

87.15. OF. soper. Cf. soupen.
sotile adj. skilful, 65.12. OF. sotil.
sdpenesse sb. truth, 95.12, 13. OE.

sop neut. •+• -nss.
soupen inf. to take supper, 75.8.

OF. souper.
spatel sb. spittle, 51.6, 55.38. OE.

spall,
spices sb. ears of corn, 37. § 37,

heading; spyces, 37.3. ad. L.

spJca,
steijen p.p. ascended, 5.22. OE.

stigan, p.p. stigen.
stene inf. stone, 55.4. OE. steenan.
stille adv. .still, 30.33, 37.28, 42.12,

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59.24, 62.1, 71.19, 76.29, 108.3;

quietly, 20.2, 95.35; secretly,

103.33. OE. stille.
stoute adj. fierce, 21.29. OF. estout.
striweden pt. pi. scattered, 76.15.

OE. strewian. ■
sudari sb. napkin, 103.12. ad. L.

siidarium, i. sudor,
suffred pt. sg. allowed, 76.27. A. Fr.

suffrir.
sugge inf. say, 40.25; 57.28. OE.

secgan. See Introd. p. xxxiii, § 46.
sylcer, 2.30. See siier.

taken p.p. 63.26. See toofc.

tale sb. heed, regard, 49.27. OE.

talu, inflected tale,
te prep, variant of to, 75.2. OE. to.
teken pt. pi. subj. 27.32. See took,
tened pt. sg. enraged, 55.29. OE.

tbonian I. teon hurt, injury.
tiping sb. news, 2.21, 20.3; tipinges,

103.19. ON. tm- + OE.-ing, the

northern form of late OE.

tidung, tiding. ON. titiindi is

always plural.
tobrasle pt. sg. burst asunder, 100.6;

tobrusten pt, pi. 100.7. OE. t6-

berstan, pt. -bcerst, -burston,
toclef pt, sg. burst asunder, 95.2.

OE. cleofan, pt, sg. clSaf.
tok pt. sg. entrusted, 71.4; tooken

pt.pl. gave, 96.16; teken pt.pl.

sbj. take, 27.32; taken p.p.

delivered, entrusted, 63.26. Late

OE. tacan, toe, *tacen, f. ON.

taka, tdk, tekinn.
toun sb. 'villam,' 62.18, 90.24;

estate, 63.25; ' castellum,1 65. 14,

73.15; city, 105.24. OE. tun an

enclosed space.
trauailen inf. trouble to travel,

29.7; trauailed p.p. wearied,

34.28. OF. travailler.
tretour sb. traitor, 80.3. OF. traitur.
treupplijth p.p. betrothed, 3.1.

f. treup + plinth, p.p. from OE.

plihtan, f. pliht danger, risk.

For treup, see trewpe.
trewage sb. tribute money, 59.11,

13,15; 80.4,11; treweages 59.21.

OF. treuage.
trewpe sb. faith, 74.9 ; treupe, 88.6 ;

OE. triewp, trkowp, trywp, i.

OE. trlewe adj.

trobeled pt. sg. disturbed, 95.20.

OF. trobkr.
trowed pt. sg. believed, 102.30. OE.

triowan, treowian.
trufle sb. an idle tale, 105.8. OF.

trufle.
tumbed pt. sg. danced, 45.19. OE.

tumbian.

pifte sb. theft, 96.5. OE. W. Sax.
Viefp, pyfp, later Pyft cf. ON.

MP, Pyft-
preted pt. sg. threatened, 38.21.

OE. preatian, i. prkaX.
pridd{e) adj. third, 8.14, 13.10,

16.29. OE. priddu, -e.
prittide adj. thirtieth, 10.13. OE.

pritijopa, -e, f. pritij + -opa,

•ope.
prust sb. thirst, 15.30,32. OE. purst.
purte pt. sg. needed, 16.3. OE

* purfan, pt. sg. porfte.

vncoup adj. unknown, 74.3 ; vnkoup

71.6. OE. uncup.
vndernam(e) pt. sg. reproved, 40.13,

63. § 68, heading, 64.7. OE.

under-niman. See nyme.
vnderne sb. third hour, nine in the

morning, 95. § 98, heading. OE.

undern.
vnkoup 71.6. Cf. vncoup.
vnnepes adv. with difficulty, 68.20.

OE. uniape + es.
vnpes sb. lack of peace, 45,10.

un + OF. pais,
vnpakkeden pt. pi. unthatched,

22.31. OE. un- + OE. pacian.
vpe prep, according to, 7.30, 24.9;

upon, 26.20; concerning, 39.9.

OE. uppe.
vpryst sb. rising 111.4. OE. up -f

OE. risan,
venymed ppl. a. poisoned, 111.16.

ad. OF. venimer.
vyner sb. vineyard, 69.4. ? med. L.

vinarium f. L. v'mum, wine.
vynour sb. vine-grower, 42.11. OF.

vignour.

wake inf. keep watch, 85.14; waken
pr.pl. 85.12; wakep imp.pl.
85.9. OE. wacian.

walken sb. welkin, sky, 41.18. OE.
woken cloud.

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bryony, 9.4. OE.
of OE. mip ad. L.

wariss(c)hen inf. (to) heal, 25.18,

29.29; warisshed pt. sg. 24. §21,

heading ; warisschande pr. p.

29.24; warisched p.p. 17.15, 18,

111.18; wariss(c)hed p.p. 17.14,

29. 10, 22 ; warisshyng sb. healing,

73.5. OP. warir, guarir.
wawep 3 prs. sg. waves, 31.25. OE.

wafian.
waymenteden pt. pL bewailed, 97.31 ;

weymentynge pr. p. 105.10. OF.

guaimenter .
wede sb. clothing, 112.20. OE. toxd.
weder sb. weather, 21.16. OE. weder.
werned pt. sg. refused, 61. § 64,

heading, 76.6. OE. lineman.
werres sb. wars, 84.21. OP. werre,

guerre,
wilde-nepes sb.

wildn&p, var

ndpus turnip.
wite(n) inf. know, 32.21, 74.30;

wot 1 sg. prs. 73.18; wyst pt. sg.

73.20, 74.29; wistm pt. pi. 76.32,

86.17, etc. OE. witan.
wipdrow^e pt. sg. withdrew, 99,19.

OE, wip -J- dragan,
wipnomen pt. pi. sbj. rebuke, ' in-

crepa,* 64.30-31. OE. wip +

niman.
wipoiden adv. outside, 2.24. OE.

wip-utan.
wipslode pt. sg. stood beside, or

perhaps, stood still, 70.9. OE.

wip-standan.
wiptaken p.p. restrained, 14.2.

Late OE. wip-tacan, to draw

back. See took,
wi^th sb. wight, person, 24.22;

wityie, 29.10; ? weijtt, 43.27.

OE. wiht.
wode adj. mad, 20.11. OE. wod.
waned pt. pi. dwelt, 4.30; p.p.

wont, 8.6. OE. wunian.
wrappen inf. refl. make angry, 39.11.

OE. wrdpian.
wryen inf. accuse, 95.17, OE.

wrigan,

ybounden p.p. bound, 20.12. OE.

bindan, p.p. bunden,
ydropyk sb. man with dropsy,

61. § 65, heading. OF. ydrop-ike,

-ique.

yeten p.p. eaten, 48.19; 52.3;

110.12. OE. elan,
ygrauen p.p. buried, 73.14. OE.

grafan to dig. Cf. OE. begrafan

to bury.
yholen p.p. promised, 111.20. OE.

gehdtan,
ymedled p.p. mingled, 101.7. See

medled.
ypaied ppl. a. satisfied, pleased,

38.25. F. payer. Cf. apayed

and paye.
yprisouned p.p. imprisoned, 112.38.

OF, prisun sb.
yre.mv.ed p.p. removed, 102.18,20.

See remue(n).
yschadde p.p. shed, 82.16. OE.

scddan,
yschent p.p. put to shame, -55.14,

80.20. See schent.
yseived p.p. followed, 68.30. See

seweden.
yseye p.p. seen, 5.27, 36, 6.12. OE.

sewen p.p. of semi,
ysiwed p.p. followed, 100.16. See

seweden.
y spoused p.p. wedded, 85.18. OF.

espmiser.
ysope sb. hyssop, 99.31. OF. form

of L. hyssdp-us, -um.
ysperde p.p. fastened, 107.10. app.

ad. MDu. sperren (Du. sperren),

= OHG. sperran (MHO. and G.

sperren).
ystowen p.p. ascended, 112.23. OE.

sligan.
ytrauailed p.p. wearied, 46.6. See

trauailen.
yuel sb. disease, 44.21, 58.18; pi.

44.16. OE. yfel
ywoned p.p. wont, 72.15. OE.

^e-wunian.

jede pt. sg. went, 6.13. OE. iode

pt. sg. of OE. inf. gdn.
jeme sb. heed, care, 36.8, 57.9. OE.

Jteme.
jerde sb. garden, 90.25. OE. Jcard

an enclosure.
prde sb. rod, 96.16, 20, 97.21. OE.

*^ierd, jyrd.
jouen p.p. given, 4.18, 14.20, 23,12.

OE. ^iefan, p.p. %iefen.

GOSPEL HARMONY

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

A. Codex Amiatinus, Novum Testamentum Latine, edit. Tischendorf,

Lipake, 1854.
Bjbrkinan. Bjorkman, E., Scandinavian Loan-words in Middle English,

I. Upsala, 1900, Diss.
BiUbring, Elem. Biilbring, K. D., Altenglisches Eleinenlarbuch, Heidel-
berg, 1902.
Dent. Deuteronomy.

E.E.T.S. The Early English Text Society.
Godef., Die. de Vane. lang. fran$„ Godefroy, F., Dictionnaire de

L'Ancienne Langue Francaise, Paris, 1880.
Ilab. Habakkuk.

Ioh. Evangelium secundum Iohannem.
Lev. Leviticus.
Luick, Untersuchungen. Luick, K., Untersuchungen zur engl. Ltiut-

geschichte, Strassburg, 1896.
Mc. Evangelium secundum Marcum.

Morsb. Morsbach, L., Mitlelenglische Grammatik, Halle, 1896.
Morsb. TJrk. Morsbach, L., Ueber den Ursprung der neuenglischen

Scliriftsprache, Heilbronn, 1888.
Mt. Evangelium secundum Mattheum.
N.E.D. Murray, J. A. H., A New English Dictionary on Historical

Princi2)les, Oxford, 1888 — .
Siev. Or.3 Sievers, E., An Old English Grammar, Eng. trans. Cook,

A. S., 3rd edit. Ginn & Co., 1903.

Wycl. Earlier Version) The Holy Bibh wule from the Latin Vnl9ate °V
„» , + -rr . r John TViicliffe and his followers, edit. Forshall

Wycl. Later Version J and Mftddenj Oxford) 1850.

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CX. Caxton's Mirrour of the World, with allthe woodcuts, ed. by O. H. Prior, M.A.,Litt.D. 15s. 1912

CXI. Caxton's History of Jason, the Text, Part I, ed. by John Munro. 15s.

CXII. Lovelich's Romance of Merlin, ed. from the unique MS. by Prof, E, A. Kock, Ph.D, 15s. 1913

CXIII. Poems by Sir John Salusbury, Robert Chester, and others, from Christ Church MS. 1S4, &c ed.

by Prof. Carleton Brown, Ph.D. 15s,
CXIV. The Gild of St. Mary, Lichfield, ed. by the late Dr. F. J. Furnivall. 15s. 1914

CXV. Th3 Chester Plays. Part II, re-edited by Dr. Matthews. 15s. ,,

CXVI. The Pauline Epistles, ed. Miss M.J. Powell. 15s. 1915

CXVII. Bp. Fisher's English Works, Pt. II, ed. by the Rev. Ronald Bayne. 15s. ,,

CXVIII. The Craft of Nombrynge, ed. by R. Steele, B.A. I5s. 1916

ID

CXIX. The Owl and Nightingale, 2 Texts parallel, ed. by the late G. F. H. Sykes and J. H. G. Grattan.
15s. [At Press.

[At,
CXX. Ludus Coentriae, ed. by Miss K. B. Block, M.A. 30s. [Nearly Heady, 1917

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ORIGINAL SERIES.

Forthcoming issues will be chosen from the following .■—

Harmony of Life of Christ, from Pepysian Library, ed. by Miss Margery Goates. [Ready.
The Alliterative Siege of Jerusalem, edited by the late Prof. E. Kolbing, Ph.D. [At Frets.
A Statizaio Exposition of the Feasts of the Church and the Life of Christ based on the Legenda Aurea, ed. from

the MSS. Hart. 3909, Harl. 2250, and Addit, 38666, by Miss F. A. Foster, Ph.D. [At Press.
The Earliest English Apocalypse with a Commentary, edited by Dr. Anna C. Paues. [At Press.
Trevisa's Dialogus inter Militem et Clericum, Sermon by FitzRalph, and Begynynge of the World, edited fi ov

the MSS. by Aaron J. Perry, M.A.
A Critical Edition of the Old English Hept.iteuch (MS. Bodl. Misc. 509), ed. by S. J. Crawford, M.A., B.Litt.
The Sege or Battsll of Troy, ed. by Miss Barniele.
The Pepysian Southern Passion, ed. by Mrs. Carleton Brown.
Three Old English Prose Tracts, from MS. Cott. Vitell. A. XV. ; ed. by Dr. S. I. Rypins,

EXTRA SERIES.

The Publications due up to 1920 will probably be chosen from: —

The Owl and Nightingale, 2 Texts parallel, ed. by the late G. F. H. Syltes and J. H. G. Grattau, [At Press.

The "Coventry'' Plays, ed. by Miss Block, Royal Holloway College.

Lydgate's Minor Poems, ed. Dr. H. N. MacCrackeu. Fart [I, Secular Poems. [At Press.

Lydgate's Troy Book, ed. by Dr. Hy. Bergen. Part IV, Introduction, Notes, &c. [At Press.

Lydgate's Siege of Thebes, re-edited from the MSS. by Prof. Dr. A. Erdmann. Part II, Notes, ire.

Seoreta Seoretorum : three prose Englishings, ab. 1440, ed. R. Steele, U. A. Fart II. [At Prut.

The Book of the Foundation of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, MS. ab. 1425, ed. Sir Norman Moore. \S,t.

Piers Plowman, the A Text, re-edited from the MSS. by Prof. R. W, Chamber's, M.A., D.Lit., and J. H. G.

G rattan, M.A. [At Press.
King Alisaunder, two parallel texts, ed. from Lincoln's Inn MS. 150 and Laud. Misc. 022 by L. F. Powell, Esq.
Caxton's Paris and Vienae, ed. by O. H. Prior, Litt.D.
Interludium de Clerioo et Fuella and Dux Moraud, ed. Prof. J. M. Manly.

Other texts are in preparation.
August 1922.

PUBLISHER
LONDON: HUMPHREY MILFORD, OXFORD UNIV. PRESS, Amen Corner, E.C i.

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