INITIALS USED IN VOLUME XXII. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTORS,1 WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED.

of j:

A. Bo.* AUGUSTE BOUDINHON, D.D., D.C.L.

Professor of Canon Law at the Catholic University of Paris. Honorary Canon of -J Pope. Paris. Editor of the Canoniste Contemporain.

A. C. G. ALBERT CHARLES LEWIS GOTTHILF GUENTHF.R, M.A., M.D., PH.D., F.R.S.

Keeper of Zoological Department, British Museum, iSj^-iSgs. Gold Medallist, J D«V t;<* Royal Society, 1878. "Author of Catalogues of Colubrine Snakes, Batrachia,\ Salientia and Fishes in the British Museum ; &c.

A. C. McG. REV. ARTHUR CUSHMAN MCGIFFERT, M.A., PH.D., D.D.

Professor of Church History, Union Theological Seminary, New York. Author of ] D--_V..« / • History of Christianity in the Apostolic Age; &c. Editor of the Historia Ecclesia') " fan)-

of Eusebius.

A. D. AUSTIN DOBSON, LL.D, D.C.L. f ^ Matthe,

See the biographical article: DOBSON, HENRY AUSTIN. \ n

A. de W. F. ARTHUR DE WINT FOOTE. _f Power Transmission:

Superintendent of North Star Mining Company, California. ^ Pneumatic.

A. E. G.* REV. ALFRED ERNEST GARVIE, M.A., D.D.

Principal of New College, Hampstead. Member of the Board of Theology and J _ ,

the Board of Philosophy, London University. Author of Studies in the Inner Life \ Predestination.

of Jesus ; &c. I

A. E. H. A. E. HOUGHTON.

Formerly Correspondent of the Standard in Spain. Author of Restoration of the \ Quesada y Matheus. Bourbons in Spain. \,

A. E. S. ARTHUR EVERETT SHIPLEY, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.

Master of Christ's College, Cambridge. Reader in Zoology, Cambridge University. 4 Priapuloidea. Joint-editor of the Cambridge Natural History.

A. G. MAJOR ARTHUR GEORGE FREDERICK GRIFFITHS (d. 1908).

H.M. Inspector of Prisons, 1878-1896. Author of The Chronicles of Newgale; •{ Prison. Secrets of the Prison House ; &c. I

A. Ha. ADOLF HARNACK, PH.D. f _ . t . . A

See the biographical article: HARNACK, ADOLF.

A. J. G. REV. ALEXANDER JAMES GRIEVE, M.A., B.D. /- _ . .

Professor of New Testament and Church History, Yorkshire United Independent

College, Bradford. Sometime Registrar of Madras University, and Member of -j Primitive Methodist Church; Mysore Educational Service. [_ Priscillian.

A. L. ANDREW LANG. J Poltergeist; Prometheus;

See the biographical article: LANG, ANDREW. "^ Psychical Research.

A. McA. ALEXANDER McAuLAY, M.A. ("

Professor of Mathematics and Physics, University of Tasmania. Author of Utility J. Quaternions (in part), of Quaternions in Physics; &c.

A. M. CL AGNES MURIEL CLAY (Mrs Edward Wilde).

Formerly Resident Tutor of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. Joint-author of Source s s Publican!. of Roman History, 133-70 B.C.

f Pratincole; Quail; Quezal:

A. N. ALFRED NEWTON, F.R.S. ^aU ((n0part\,n

See the biographical article: NEWTON, ALFRED. Raven; Razorbill;

Redshank; Redstart; 1 Redwing.

1 A complete list, showing all individual contributors, appears in the final volume.

1991

vi INITIALS AND HEADINGS OF ARTICLES

A. SI. ARTHUR SHADWELL, M.A., M.D., LL.D. f

Member of Council of Epidemiological Society. Author of The London Water- "j Prostitution. Supply ; Industrial Efficiency ; Drink, Temperance and Legislation.

A. S. P.-P. ANDREW SETH PRINGLE-PATTISON, M.A., LL.D., D.C.L. f

Professor of Logic and Metaphysics in the University of Edinburgh. Gifford J i>,,fi.0.

Lecturer in the University of Aberdeen, 1911. Fellow of the British Academy. 1 ^nagoras n part).

Author of Man's Place in the Cosmos; The Philosophical Radicals; &c. I

A. S. Wo. ARTHUR SMITH WOODWARD, LL.D., F.R.S. f

Keeper of Geology, Natural History Museum, South Kensington. Secretary of i Pterodactyles. the Geological Society of London. L

A. T. H.

C. T. J.

ARTHUR TWINING HADLEY, LL.D. f „ ..

See the biographical article: HADLEY, ARTHUR TWINING. \ «»«ways: Economics.

A. Wi.* ANEURIN WILLIAMS, M.A.

Barrister-at-Law of the Inner Temple. Chairman of Executive, International I _ „, . . Co-operative Alliance. M. P. for Plymouth, 1910. Author of Twenty-eight Years | t-snarmg.

of Co-partnership at Guise; &c.

A. W. Po. ALFRED WILLIAM POLLARD, M.A.

Assistant Keeper of Printed Books, British Museum. Fellow of King's College,

London. Hon. Secretary, Bibliographical Society. Editor of Books about Books -j Polyglott.

and Bibliographica. Joint-editor of the Library. Chief Editor of the " Globe "

Chaucer.

A. W. R. ALEXANDER WOOD RENTON, M.A., LL.B.

Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. Editor of Encyclopaedia of the-{ Proclamation. Laws of England. I

B. B. A. BRAMAN BLANCHARD ADAMS. _f » ••

Associate Editor of the Railway Age Gazette, New York. \ Railways: Accident Statistics.

C. B.* CHARLES BEMONT, D.LiTT. /n,,i,,i,0,

See the biographical article : BEMONT, C. \ Quicnerat.

C. E. W. C. E. WEBBER, C.B., M.lNST.C.E., M.I.E.E. (1838-1905). f

Major-General, Royal Engineers. Served in Indian Mutiny, 1857-1860; Egyptian I Railways: Light Railways (in Expedition, 1882; &c. Founder (with late Sir Francis Bolton) and Past President j tart) of the Institute of Electrical Engineers. L *

C. F. A. CHARLES FRANCIS ATKINSON. ["

Formerly Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Captain, ist City of London (Royal •{ Ravenna: Battle of 1512. Fusiliers). Author of The Wilderness and Cold Harbour. [

C. G. Cr. CHARLES GEORGE CRUMP, M.A.

Balliol College, Oxford. Clerk in H.M. Public Record Office, London. Editor of J Record. Lander's Works; &c.

C, Hi. CHARLES HIAIT.

Author of Picture Posters; &c.

Poster.

C. H. Ha. CARLTON HUNTLEY HAYES, A.M., PH.D.

Assistant Professor of History in Columbia University, New York City. Member -! Purgatory, of the American Historical Association.

C. H. T.* CRAWFORD HOWELL TOY, A.M., LL.D. J _ . _ . .

See the biographical article: TOY, CRAWFORD HOWELL. \ Proverbs, Book of.

C. R. B. CHARLES RAYMOND BEAZLEY, M.A., D.LITT., F.R.G.S., F.R.HiST.S.

Professor of Modern History in the University of Birmingham. Formerly Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, and University Lecturer in the History of Geography. Lothian Prizeman, Oxford, 1889. Lowell Lecturer, Boston, 1908. Author of Henry the Navigator ; The Dawn of Modern Geography ; &c.

Polo, Marco (In part); Ptolemy (in part); Pytheas (in part).

CHARLES T. JACOBI. f p..inHn(r

Managing Partner of the Chiswick Press, London. Author of Printing; &c. \ r

D. B. Ma. DUNCAN BLACK MACDONALD, M.A., D.D.

Professor of Semitic Languages, Hartford Theological Seminary, Hartford, Conn. J Author of Development of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence and Constitutional H Theory; Selections from Ibn Khaldun; Religious Attitude and Life in Islam; &c.

D. C. B. DEMETRIUS CHARLES BOULGER.

Author of England and Russia in Central Asia; History of China; Life of Gordon ; J Raffles, Sir Thomas. India in the if>th Century ; History of Belgium ; &c.

D. D. A. REV. DANIEL DULANY ADDISON, D.D. C

Rector of All Saints' Church, Brookline, Mass. Examining Chaplain to Bishop of J n,nt0ctanf Fnicrnml rhurph Massachusetts. Secretary, Cathedral Chapter of Diocese of Massachusetts. Author 1 of The Episcopalians ; &c. I

D. F. T. DONALD FRANCIS TOVEY.

Author of Essays in Musical Analysis: comprising The Classical Concerto, The •< Programme MUSIC. Goldberg Variations, and analyses of many other classical works. t

D. G. H. DAVID GEORGE HOGARTH, M.A.

Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, j Priene; Fellow of the British Academy. Excavated at Paphos, 1888; Naucratis, 1899 and ~ 1903; Ephesus, 1904-1905; Assiut, 1906-1907. Director, British School at Athens, 1897-1900. Director, Cretan Exploration Fund, 1899.

INITIALS AND HEADINGS OF ARTICLES

Vll

D. H. D. H. S.

D. W. T.

E. A. J.

E. A. M.

E. Ba.

E. Br. E. B. E.

E. C. B.

E. G.

E. Ga.

E. Gr. E. G. C.

E. H. B.

E. J. J.

E. O'N. E. Pr.

E. Ru.

E. R. B.

F. C. C.

DAVID HANNAY.

Formerly British Vice-Consul at Barcelona. Author of Short History of the Royal Navy; Life of Emilia Castelar; &c.

Quiberon, Battle of; Raleigh, Sir Walter.

DUKINFIELD HENRY SCOTT, M.A., PH.D., LL.D., F.R.S.

I 'resident of the Linnean Society. Professor of Botany, Royal College of Science, -j Pringsheim, Nathanael. London, 1885-1892. Author of Structural Botany; Studies in Fossil Botany; &c. I

D'ARCY WENTWORTH THOMPSON, C.B., M.A.

Professor of Natural History, University College, Dundee. British Delegate, J Ray John. Bering Sea Fisheries and other Conferences. Author of A Glossary of Creek Birds ; \ &c. I

le of Man; Old Silver] Sacramental Vessels of Foreign Protestant Churches in England ; Illustrated Catalogue^ Quaich.

E. ALFRED JONES.

Author of Old English Gold Plate ; Old Church Plate of the Isle of Man ; Old Silver

of Leopold de Rothschild's Collection of Old Plate ; A Private Catalogue of the Royal Plate at Windsor Castle ; &c.

EDWARD ALFRED MINCHIN, M.A., F.Z.S.

Professor of Protozoology in the University of London. Formerly Fellow Merton College, Oxford, and Jodrell Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy University College, London.

EDWIN BALE, R.I.

Art Director, Cassell & Company, Ltd. Member of the Royal Institute of Painters 4 Process, in Water Colours. Hon. Sec., Artists' Copyright Committee.

, f Polyp; 01 4 Protoplasm; [ Protozoa.

ERNEST BARKER, M.A.

Fellow and Lecturer in Fellow and Tutor of Merton

(Raymund of Antioch; Raymund of Toulouse; Raymund of Tripoli; »» t J _• r>l_ " *: II

Raynald of Chatillon.

EDWARD B. ELLINGTON. f

Founder and Chief Engineer of the General Hydraulic Power Co., Ltd. Author of J Power Transmission: Contributions to Proceedings of Institutions of Civil Engineers and of Mechanical 1 Hydraulic. Engineers. I

RIGHT REV. EDWARD CUTHBERT BUTLER, M.A., O.S.B., Lrrr.D.

Abbot of Downside Abbey, Bath. Author of " The Lausiac History of Palladius " in Cambridge Texts and Studies.

Premonstratensians ; Ranee, Armand de.

EDMUND GOSSE, LL.D., D.C.L.

See the biographical article : GOSSE, EDMUND.

EMILE GARCKE, M.lNST.E.E.

Managing Director of British Electric Traction Co., Electrical Undertakings; &c.

ERNEST ARTHUR GARDNER, M.A.

See the biographical article: GARDNER, PERCY.

J Prologue; Prose.

Ltd. Author of Manual of .

Li&hi *«''«"»yf (in

part).

Propylaea.

ERNEST GEORGE COKER, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.(Edin.), M.Sc., M.I.MECH.E. f

Professor of Mechanical Engineering in the City and Guilds of London Technical J , College. Author of various papers in Transactions of the Royal Societies of London, I Edinburgh and Canada ; &c. I

SIR EDWARD HERBERT BUNBURY, Bart., M.A., F.R.G.S. (d. 1895). f Pompeii (in part);

M.P. for Bury St Edmunds, 1847-1852. Author of A History of Ancient Geography; •< Ptolemy (in part) ; &c. [ Pytheas (in part).

EDMUND JANES JAMES, A.M., PH.D., LL.D. f

President of the University of Illinois; President of American Economic Associa- I Protection tion. Author of History of American Tariff Legislation, and Essays and Mono- | graphs on Economic, Financial, Political and Educational subjects. L

ELIZABETH O'NEILL, M.A. (Mrs H. O. O'Neill).

Formerly University Fellow and Jones Fellow of the University of Manchester.

Prebendary; Prelate; Prior; Procurator.

EDGAR PRESTAGE. I"

Special Lecturer in Portuguese Literature in the University of Manchester. Examiner in Portuguese in the Universities of London, Manchester, &c. J

Commendador, Portuguese Order of S Thiago. Corresponding Member of Lisbon 1 Portugal: Literature. Royal Academy of Sciences, Lisbon Geographical Society; &c. Editor of Letters of a Portuguese Nun ; Azurara's Chronicle of Guinea ; &c.

ERNEST RUTHERFORD, F.R.S. , D.Sc., LL.D., PH.D. f

Langworthy Professor of Physics, University of Manchester. Nobel Prize for -I Radio-activity . Chemistry, 1908. Author of Radio-activity; Radio-active Transformations; &c.

EDWYN ROBERT BEVAN, M.A.

New College, Oxford. Author of The House of Seleucus ; Jerusalem under the High \ Ptolemies. Priests. [

FREDERICK CORNWALLIS CONYBEARE, M.A., D.Tn. r

Fellow of the British Academy. Formerly Fellow of University College, Oxford. J purification. Editor of The Ancient Armenian Texts of Aristotle. Author of Myth, Magic and"] Morals; &c.

INITIALS AND HEADINGS OF ARTICLES

F. C. S. S. FERDINAND CANNING SCOTT SCHILLER, M.A., D.Sc. f

Fellow and Tutor of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Author of Riddles of the \ Pragmatism. Sphinx ; Studies in Humanism ; &c.

F. Dr. FRANCIS M. D. DRUMMOND. \ Precedence (in part).

F. D. A. FRANK DAWSON ADAMS, PH.D., D.Sc., F.G.S., F.R.S. f

Dean of the Faculty of Applied Science and Logan Professor of Geology, McGill - , . ..

University, Montreal; President of Canadian Mining Institute. Author of Papers-! MUBDec (in part); dealing with problems of Metamorphism, &c., also Researches on Experimental Queen Charlotte Islands. Geology; &c.

F. E. W. REV. FREDERICK EDWARD WARREN, M.A., F.S.A.

Rector of Bardwell, Bury St Edmunds, and Honorary Canon of Ely. Fellow of

St John's College, Oxford, 1865-1882. Author of The Old Catholic Ritual done into \ Prayer, Book Of Common.

English and compared with the Corresponding Offices in the Roman and Old German

Manuals ; The Liturgy and Ritual of the Celtic Church ; &c.

F. G. P.* FRANK GEORGE POPE. f p .

Lecturer on Chemistry, East London College (University of London). \ in<

F. H. D.* FRANK HAIGH DIXON, PH.D., A.M.

Professor of Economics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H. Member of the 4 Kailways: American Railway National Waterways Commission. Author of State Railroad Control. { Legislation.

F. J. H. M. HON. FREDERICK JAMES HAMILTON MERRILL, PH.D., F.G.S. (America), M. f AMERICAN INST.M.E., &c.

Consulting Geologist and Mining Engineer. State Geologist of New York, "j Quarrying.

1899—1904. Author of Reports of New Jersey and New York Geological Surveys;

&c.

F. K.* FERNAND KHNOPFF. J

See the biographical article: KHNOPFF, F. E. J. M. \ rortaels, J. F.

F. LI. G. FRANCIS LLEWELLYN GRIFFITH, M.A., PH.D., F.S.A.

Reader in Egyptology, Oxford University. Editor of the Archaeological Survey and Psammetichus' Archaeological Reports of the Egypt Exploration Fund. Fellow of Imperial •{ TJQ_ German Archaeological Institute. Author of Stories of the High Priests of Memphis; I Kameses (in fan>- &c. [

F. M. L.* FRANCIS MANLEY LOWE.

Major R.A. (retired). Member of the Staff of Sir W. G. Armstrong, Whitworth & Co., Ltd., Elswick Works. Assistant-Superintendent of Experiments, Shoebury- -i Range-finder, ness, 1898-1903. Author of articles in the Proceedings of the Royal Artillery I Institution; &c.

F. P. FRANK PODMORE, M.A. (d. 1910).

Pembroke College, Oxford. Author of Studies in Psychical Research ; Modern -j prernonition

F. R. C. FRANK R. CANA. f Portuguese East Africa;

Author of South Africa from the Great Trek to the Union. \ Rabah Zobeir.

F. Wa. FRANCIS WATT, M.A.

Barrister-at-Law, Middle Temple. Author of Law's Lumber Room. Pound (in part,)

F. W. R.* FREDERICK WILLIAM RUDLER, I.S.O., F.G.S. r p ..

Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London, 1879-1902. J *~"rl' President of the Geologists' Association, 1887-1889. [ Pyrope,

F. Y. E. FRANCIS YSIDRO EDGEWORTH, M.A., D.C.L.

Professor of Political Economy in the University of Oxford. Fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford, and of King's College, London. Editor of the Economic Journal. * Author of Mathematical Psychics, and numerous papers on the Calculus of Proba- I bilities in the Philosophical Magazine; &c.

G. A. Gr. GEORGE ABRAHAM GRIERSON, C.I.E., PH.D., D.Lrrr. f

Indian Civil Service, 1873-1903. In charge of Linguistic Survey of India, 1898-

1902. Gold Medallist, Royal Asiatic Society, 1909. Vice- President of the Royal J

Asiatic Society. Formerly Fellow of Calcutta University. Author of The Languages 1 Rajasthani.

of India ; &c.

G. C. W. GEORGE CHARLES WILLIAMSON, Lrrr.D. r

Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Author of Portrait Miniatures ; Life of Richard J „ . p. Cosway, R.A.; George Engleheart; Portrait Drawings; &c. Editor of New Edition 1 "rieur, Pierre, of Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers.

G. E.* ROBERT GEOFFREY ELLIS. f

Peterhouse, Cambridge. Barrister-at-Law, Inner Temple. Joint-editor of English J. Privy Council. Reports. Author of Peerage Law and History.

G. G. S. GEORGE GREGORY SMITH, M.A.

Professor of English Literature, Queen's University, Belfast. Author of The J Ramsay Allan. Days of James I V. ; The Transition Period ; Specimens of Middle Scots ; &c.

G. J. A. GEORGE JOHNSTON ALLMAN, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., D.Sc. (1824-1005). f Ptolemy (in part)-

Professor of Mathematics in Queen's College, Galway, and in Queen's University of -j _ . . /-.,..._L/_..

Ireland, 1853-1893. Author of Greek Geometry from Thales to Euclid ; &c. \ Pythagoras. Geometry.

G. J. T. GEORGE JAMES TURNER. f Provision;

Barrister-at-Law, Lincoln's Inn. Editor of Select Pleas of the Forests for the Selden •{ T, Society. I RaPe'

INITIALS AND HEADINGS OF ARTICLES ix

G. Re. SIR GEORGE REID, LL. I). f_

See the biographical article: REID, SIR GEORGE. \ Portraiture.

G. Sa. GEORGE SAINTSBURY, LL.D., D.C.L. f Quinet; Rabelais;

See the biographical article: SAINTSBURY, GEORGE E. B. | Racine.

G. W. T. REV. GRIFFITHES WHEELER THATCHER, M.A., B.D.

Warden of Camden College, Sydney, N.S.W. Formerly Tutor in Hebrew and Old -I Rawendis. Testament History at Mansfield College, Oxford. I

H. A. Y. HORATIO ARTHUR YORKE, C.B. f jjaiiu/avc- R,,-/,'C;, /?,;/„,,

Lieut.-Colonel, R.E. (retired). Chief Inspecting Officer of Railways, Board oH Railways, fin/, j/, Railway Trade. Served in Afghan War, 1879-1880; Nile Expedition, 1884-1885. I Legislation.

H. D. W. SIR HENRY DRUMMOND WOLFF, G.C.B., G.C.M.G. (1830-1908). f

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary at Madrid, 1892-1900. M.P. for I .>_!_,„.. i. ._.... Christchurch, 187.1-1880; for Portsmouth, 1880-1885. Author of A Life o/| Napoleon at Elba ; &c.

H. Fr. HENRI FRANTZ 5 Puvis de chavannes.

Art Critic, Gazette des beaux arts. Pans. (.

H. F. G. HANS FRIEDRICH GADOW. F.R.S., PH.D. f Python;

Strickland Curator and Lecturer on Zoology in the University of Cambridge. Author^ Ratitae;

of " Amphibia and Reptiles " in the Cambridge Natural History; &c. I Rattlesnake (in part)

H. F. P. HENRY FRANCIS PELHAM, LL.D., D.C.I.. /D«I,,I,I,,

See the biographical article: PELHAM, H. F. \ PolyblUS (in part).

H. M. R. HUGH MUNRO ROSS. f Railways' Inlrntiurtim

Formerly Exhibitioner of Lincoln College, Oxford. Editor of The Times Engineering i Supplement. Author of British Railways. ( siruction, Rolling Slock.

H. N. D. HENRY NEWTON DICKSON, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.(Edin.), F.R.G.S.

Professor of Geography at University College, Reading. Formerly Vice-President, } p j g^ Royal Meteorological Society. Lecturer in Physical Geography, Oxford University. ] Author of Meteorology ; Elements of Weather and Climate ; &c.

H. 0. HERMANN OELSNER, M.A., PH.D. (

Taylorian Professor of the Romance Languages in the University of Oxford. Mem- I ProvenQal Literature: ber of Council of the Philological Society. Author of A History of Provencal Litera- j Modern. lure; &c. I

H. R. L. THE REV. HENRY RICHARDS LUARD, M.A., D.D. (1825-1891).

Registrary of the University of Cambridge, 1862-1891. Formerly Fellow, Bursar

and Lecturer at Trinity College. Honorary Fellow of King's College, London. -| Person (in part).

Editor of the Annales Monastici; the Historia of Matthew Paris and other works

for the " Rolls " Series, [

H. Ti. HENRY TIEDEMANN.

London Editor of the Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant. Author of a Dutch biography, J. Potgieter. and various pamphlets and travel works, including Via Flushing.

H. T. A. REV. HERBERT THOMAS ANDREWS.

Professor of New Testament Exegesis, New College, London. Author of " The I Commentary on Acts" in the Westminster New Testament;. Handbook on the]. Presbyter. Apocryphal Books in the " Century " Bible. I

H. W. C. D. HENRY WILLIAM CARLESS DAVIS, M.A.

Fellow and Tutor of Balliol College, Oxford. Fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford, J Ralph of Coggeshall. 1895-1902. Author of England under the Normans and Angevins; Charlemagne.

H. Y. SIR HENRY YULE, K.C.S.I., C.B. f Polo, Marco (in part);

See the biographical article: YULE, SIR HENRY. "i prester John; Ramusio.

Proselyte; Qaraites; Qaro;

EL BRAHAMS, .. R h R

Reader. in Talmudic and Rabbinic Literature in the University of Cambridge. Formerly President, Jewish Historical Society of England. Author of A Short \ Rabbah

„ .

I. A. ISRAEL ABRAHAMS, M.A. R h R in«;pnh Rpn Hama

Bar Nahmani;

History of Jewish Literature; Jewish Life in the Middle Ages; Judaism; &c. Rapoport. Samuel;

I Rashbam; Rashi.

J. A. B. SIR JERVOISE ATHELSTANE BAINES, C.S.I.

President, Royal Statistical Society, 1909-1910. Census Commissioner under

the Government of India, 1889-1893. Secretary to Royal Commission on Opium, J Population.

1894-1895. Author of Official Reports on Provincial Administration of Indian 1

Census Operations; &c.

J. A. BI. JOHN A. BLACK.

Press reader of the New Volumes of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (loth ed.). | *

J. A. H. JOHN ALLEN HOWE, B.Sc.

Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology. London. Author of J Pre-Cambrian. The Geology of Building Stones.

J. A. S. JOHN ADDINGTON SYMONDS, LL.D. f pontanus Jovianus.

See the biographical article: SYMONDS, JOHN A. I

J. E. S.* JOHN EDWIN SANDYS, M.A., Lirr.D., LL.D. (

Public Orator in the University of Cambridge. Fellow of St John's College, J pn_nn /,•„ /,.,,.»') Cambridge. Fellow of the British Academy. Author of A History of Classical 1 Scholarship; &c. L

x INITIALS AND HEADINGS OF ARTICLES

J. F.-K. JAMES FITZMAURICE-KELLY, Lirr.D., F.R.Hisi.S. [

Gilmour Professor of Spanish Language and Literature, Liverpool University.

Norman McColl Lecturer, Cambridge University. Fellow of the British Academy. -{ Quevedo V Villegas

Member of the Royal Spanish Academy. Knight Commander of the Order of I

Alphonso XII. Author of A History of Spanish Literature; &c.

3. G. C. A. JOHN GEORGE CLARK ANDERSON, M.A. f

Student, Censor and Tutor of Christ Church, Oxford. Formerly Fellow of Lincoln "] Pontus. College. Craven Fellow, Oxford, 1896. Conington Prizeman, 1893.

J. G. F. SIR JOSHUA GIRLING FITCH, LL.D. f „ ,

See the biographical article: FITCH, SIR JOSHUA GIRLING.

[ Praefect (in part);

J. G. FT. JAMES GEORGE FRAZER, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D., Lrrr.p. Praeneste (in part);

Professor of Social Anthropology, Liverpool University. Fellow of Trinity College, •{ Praetor (in part) ; Cambridge. Fellow of the British Academy. Author of The Golden Bough ; &c. Proserpine (in part);

[ Province (in part).

3. G. K. JOHN GRAHAM KERR, M.A., F.R.S.

Regius Professor of Zoology in the University of Glasgow. Formerly Demon- strator in Animal Morphology in the University of Cambridge. Fellow of Christ's •< Ray (in part) College, Cambridge, 1898-1904. Walsingham Medallist, 1898. Neill Prizeman, ' Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1904.

J. G. Sc. SIR JAMES GEORGE SCOTT, K.C.I.E. f

Superintendent and Political Officer, Southern Shan States. Author of Burma ; -i Rangoon. The Upper Burma Gazetteer.

3. Hn. JUSTUS HASHAGEN, PH.D.

Privatdozent in Medieval and Modern History, University of Bonn. Author of -| Puttkammer. Das Rheinland unter der Franzosische Herrschaft.

3. H. M. JOHN HENRY MIDDLETON, M.A., Lrrr.D., F.S.A., D.C.L. (1846-1896).

Slade Professor of Fine Art in the University of Cambridge, 1886-1895. Director of the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, 1889-1892. Art Director of the South J Raphael. Kensington Museum, 1892-1896. Author of The Engraved Gems of Classical Times; Illuminated Manuscripts in Classical and Mediaeval Times.

3. Ja. JOSEPH JACOBS, LITT.D.

Professor of English Literature in the Jewish Theological Seminary, New York. Formerly President of the Jewish Historical Society of England. Corresponding J Purim. Member of the Royal Academy of History, Madrid. Author of Jews of Angevin England; Studies in Biblical Archaeology; &c.

3. L.* SIR JOSEPH LARMOR, M.A., D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S.

Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge, and Lucasian Professor of Mathematics in _ ,. ,. _. .

the University. Secretary of the Roval Societv. Professor of Natural Philosoohv. J Kaaiauon' Ineory Ot;

the University. Secretary of the Royal Society. Professor of Natural Philosophy, Queen's College, Galway, 1880-1885. memoirs on Mathematics and Physics.

Queen's College, Galway", 1880^1885. Author of Ether and Matter, and various Radiometer.

J. M. SIR JOHN MACDONELL, C.B., LL.D.

Master of the Supreme Court. Counsel to the Board of Trade and London Chamber

of Commerce. Formerly Quain Professor of Comparative Law, University College, *j Protectorate.

London. Editor of State Trials; Civil Judicial Statistics; &c. Author of Survey

of Political Economy ; The Land Question ; &c.

J. M. M. JOHN MALCOLM MITCHELL. r D . „. .

Sometime Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Lecturer in Classics, East London J romponazzi, t College (University of London). Joint-editor of Grote's History of Greece. [ Price, Richard.

J. P. E. JEAN PAUL HIPPOLYTE EMMANUEL ADHEMAR ESMEIN. r

Professor of Law in the University of Paris. Officer of the Legion of Honour. J Prefect;

Member of the Institute of France. Author of Cours elementaire d'histoire du droil i Provost (in France).

franfais ; &c.

J. P. P. JOHN PERCIVAL POSTGATE, M.A., LITT.D. r

Professor of Latin in the University of Liverpool. Fellow of Trinity College,

Cambridge. Fellow of the British Academy. Editor of the Classical Quarterly. 1 Propertius, SextUS. Editor-in-chief of the Corpus Poetarum Latinorum ; &c.

J. R.* JOHN RANDALL. r

Formerly Secretary of the London Association of Correctors of the Press. Sub- J ppnnf roorfino- (i* ^,,,f\ editor of the Athenaeum and Notes and Queries. \ Pr00lH

J. S. F. JOHN SMITH FLETT, D.Sc., F.G.S. f Pornhvrv Pnmir

Petrographer to the Geological Survey. Formerly Lecturer on Petrology in Edin- f"UI

burgh University. Neill Medallist of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Bigsby H ryroxemte;

Medallist of the Geological Society of London. [ Quartzite; Quartz-Porphyry.

J. S. R. JAMES SMITH REID, M.A., LL.D., LITT.D. r

Professor of Ancient History and Fellow and Tutor of Gonville and Caius College, J o . .... Cambridge. Browne's and Chancellor's Medals. Editor of editions of Cicero's 1 yul nan' Academia, De Amicitia; &c.

J. T. Be. JOHN THOMAS BEALBY. f Poltava (in part);

Joint-author of Stanford's Europe. Formerly Editor of the Scottish Geographical J Pskov (in part) • Magazine. Translator of Sven Hedin's Through Asia, Central Asia and Tibet; &c. I i»aJom (•• j. A

INITIALS AND HEADINGS OF ARTICLES

J. T. Cr.

J. W.

J. W.* J. W. G.

K. G. J. K. S.

L. BI. L. J. S.

L. Wr.

L. W. V.-H.

M. Br.

M. Ha.

M. M. Bh. M. N. T, M. 0. B. C. N. M. N. W. T.

0. C. W. 0. H.

P. A. K.

Fellow of Lincoln

JAMES TROUBRIDGE CRITCHELL.

London Correspondent of the Australasian Pastoralists' Review, North Queensland J QIIO,,nclanH. HV <•<,*., Herald; &c. Fellow of the Royal Colonial Institute. Author of Polynesian \ Labour in Queensland ; Guide to Queensland ; &c.

JAMES WILLIAMS, D.C.L., LL.D.

All Souls' Reader in Roman Law in the University of Oxford. College. Author of Wills and Succession; &c.

TAMES WARD, LL.D.

See the biographical article: WARD, JAMES.

JOHN WALTER GREGORY, D.Sc., F.R.S. f

Professor of Geology at the University of Glasgow. Professor of Geology and J _ _„.„_.•. /-. ,

. Author of The Dead Heart'} Queensland: Geology

\ Possession (law); 1 Prescription (in part)

Psychology.

Mineralogy at the University of Melbourne, 1900-1904

of A ustralia ; &c.

KINGSLEY GARLAND JAYNF,.

Sometime Scholar of Wadham College, Oxford. Author of Vasco da Gama and his Successors.

KATHLEEN SCHLESINGER.

Editor of the Portfolio cf Musical Archaeology. Orchestra.

f Portugal: Geography and Matthew Arnold Prizeman, 1903. -j History

Pommer; Portative Organ; Positive Organ; Psaltery; Rackett; Ravanastron; Rebab; Rebec; Recorder (music); Reed Instruments.

Author of The Instruments of the .

COUNT LUTZOW, Lrrr.D. (Oxon.), D.Pn. (Prague), F.R.G.S. f

Chamberlain of H.M. the Emperor of Austria, King of Bohemia. Hon. Member j of the Royal Society of Literature. Member of the Bohemian Academy, &c. -j Prague. Author of Bohemia: a Historical Sketch; The Historians of Bohemia (Ilchester Lecture, Oxford, 1904) ; The Life and Times of John IIus; &c.

Louis BELL, PH.D. f

Consulting Engineer, Boston, U.S.A. Chief Engineer, Electric Power Trans- J Power Transmission: mission Department, General Electric Co., Boston. Formerly Editor of Electrical ] Electrical. World, New York. Author of Electric Power Transmission ; &c. (.

LEONARD JAMES SPENCER, M.A. f Proustite; Pyrargyrite;

Assistant in Department of Mineralogy, British Museum. Formerly Scholar of j pvrnliicitp- Pvrnmnrnhita-

Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, and Harkness Scholar. Editor of the Mineral- } L-vro

ogical Magazine. ( Pyrrhotite; Quartz; Realgar.

LEWIS WRIGHT.

Author of The Practical Poultry Keeper; The New Book of Poultry; &c.

L. W. VERNON-HARCOURT (d. 1909).

Barrister-at-Law. Author of His Grace the Steward and the Trial of Peers.

MARGARET BRYANT.

Poultry and Poultry-farming.

J Reclamation of Land. •j Pope, Alexander (in part}.

Formerly Fellow of 'the Royal in Cambridge Natural History;

MARCUS HARTOG, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S.

Professor of Zoology, University College, Cork. University of Ireland. Author of " Protozoa " and papers for various scientific journals.

SIR MANCHERJEE MERWANJEE BHOWNAGGREE, K.C.I.E.

Fellow of Bombay University. M.P. for N.E. Bethnal Green, 1895-1906. of History of the Constitution of the East India Company ; &c.

Proteomyxa; Radiolaria.

| Readymoney, Author Sir cowasji Jehangir.

MARCUS NIEBUHR TOD, M.A.

Fellow and Tutor of Oriel College, Oxford. University Lecturer in Epigraphy. Joint-author of Catalogue of the Sparta Museum.

MAXIMILIAN OTTO BISMARCK CASPARI, M.A.

Reader in Ancient History at London University. Lecturer in Greek at Birmingham University, 1905-1908.

NORMAN M'LEAN, M.A. f

Lecturer in Aramaic, Cambridge University. Fellow and Hebrew Lecturer, Christ's -j Rabbula. College, Cambridge. Joint-editor of the larger Cambridge Septuagint.

NORTHCOTE WHITRIDGE THOMAS, M.A. (

Government Anthropologist to Southern Nigeria. Corresponding Member of the_ Soci6t<5 d'Anthropolpgip de Paris. Author of Thought Transference; Kinship and Marriage in Australia; &c.

REV. OWEN CHARLES WHITEHOUSE, M.A., D.D.

Senior Theological Tutor and Lecturer in Hebrew, Cheshunt College, Cambridge. _ Formerly Principal and Professor of Biblical Exegesis and Theology in the Countess " of Huntingdon's College, Cheshunt. Author of Primer of Hebrew Antiquities; &c.

OLAUS MAGNUS FRIEDRICH HENRICI, PH.D., LL.D., F.R.S.

Professor of Mechanics and Mathematics in the Central Technical College of the „ City and Guilds of London Institute. Author of Vectors and Rotors; Congruent Figures; &c.

Pylos.

J Poly crates; 1 Punic Wars.

Possession (Psychology).

Priest (in part); Prophet (in part).

PRINCE PETER ALEXEIVTTCH KROPOTKIN.

See the biographical article: KROPOTKIN, PRINCE P. A.

Projection.

[ Poltava (in part); < Pskov (in part); [ Radom (in part).

INITIALS AND HEADINGS OF ARTICLES

P. C. Y. PHILIP CHESNEY YORKE, M.A. f Prvnnp William a*

Magdalen College, Oxford. Editor of Letters of Princess Elizabeth of England. { tym, John

P.O. PERCY GARDNER, LITT.D., LL.D., F.S.A. / Polyelitus; Polygnotus;

See the biographical article: GARDNER, PERCY. 1 Praxiteles

P. Gi. PETER GILES, M.A., LL.D., LITT.D.

Fellow and Classical Lecturer of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and University I Reader in Comparative Philology. Formerly Secretary of the Cambridge Philological 1 Q» "• Society. t

P. G. K. PAUL GEORGE KONODY. f

Art Critic of the Observer and the Daily Mail. Formerly Editor of the Artist A Potter, Paul. Author of The Art of Walter Crane; Velasquez, Life and Work; &c.

P. G. T. PETER GUTHRIE TAIT, LL.D. f Quaternions (in *nrf\

See the biographical article : TAIT, PETER GUTHRIE. \ ( P

P. M. PAUL MEYER. / Provencal Language;

See the biographical article: MEYER, PAUL HYACINTHE. I ProvenQal Literature (in part).

P. McC. PRIMROSE MCCONNELL, F.G.S.

Member of the Royal Agricultural Society. Author of Diary of a Working Farmer; -' Reaping. &c. I

R. H. K. REV. ROBERT HATCH KENNETT, M.A., D.D.

Regius Professor of Hebrew, Cambridge, and Canon of Ely. Formerly Fellow and I Pcalmc Rnnlr nf (;M j, *i\ Lecturer in Hebrew and Syriac, Queens' College, and University Lecturer in 1 Aramaic. Author of A Short Account of the Hebrew Tenses; In our Tongues; &c. L

R. I. P. REGINALD INNES POCOCK, F.Z.S. I Pycnogonida.

Superintendent of the Zoological Gardens, London.

R. J. M. RONALD JOHN McNEiLL, M.A. f

Christ Church, Oxford. Barrister-at-Law. Formeriy Editor of the St James's ] Racquets. Gazette, London. L

{Porcupine (in part); Porpoise* Primates- Prnhncoirtoa • Prnnir'hiiplr- rroDosciaea, rrongoucK, Rabbit (in part); Rat; Ratel.

R. Mo. RAY MORRIS, M.A. ( Raiiwavs. r,pnprni <JM/,V/,V,

Formerly Managing Editor, Railway Age Gazette, New York. Author of Railroad \ Administration. ( and «"•*« Organization.

R. M. L. ROBERT MURRAY LESLIE, M.A., M.D., M.R.C.P. f

Senior Physician, Prince of Wales's General Hospital, London. Lecturer on I Medicine, London Post-Graduate College. Author of Clinical Types of Pneu- 1 Pygniy. mania; &c.

R. M. W. R. MORTIMER WHEELER. { Punch.

' Poniatowski, Joseph A.;

R. N. B. ROBERT NISBET BAIN (d. 1909).

Assistant Librarian, British Museum, 1883—1909. Author of Scandinavia: the Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, inij-ipoo; The First Romanovs, '

1613-1725 ; Slavonic Europe: the Political History of Poland and Russia from to 1796 ; &c.

Potemkin, Prince; Potocki, Ignaty; Potocki, Stanislaw F.; Prokopovich; Pugachev;

Rakoczy; Razin. R. Po. RENE POUPARDIN, D.-ES-L.

Secretary of the Ecole des Chartes. Honorary Librarian at the Bibliotheque J Provence;

Nationale, Paris. Author of Le Royaume de Provence sous les Carolingiens ; Recueil~\ Quierzy, Capitulary of.

des chartes de Saint-Germain ; &c.

R. P. S. R. PHENE SPIERS, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A.

Formerly Master of the Architectural School, Royal Academy, London. Past President of Architectural Association. Associate and Fellow of King's College, "j Porch. London. Corresponding Member of the Institute of France. Editor of Fergusson's History of Architecture. Author of Architecture: East and West; &c.

R. R. M. ROBERT RANULF MARETT, M.A.

Reader in Social Anthropology, Oxford University, and Fellow and Tutor of Exeter •! Prayer. *

College. Author of The Threshold of Religion.

R. S. C. ROBERT SEYMOUR CONWAY, M.A., D.LITT. f Pompeii: Oscan Inscriptions;

Professor of Latin and Indo-European Philology in the University of Manchester. I Praeneste (in •hart)'

Formerly Professor of Latin in University College, Cardiff; and Fellow of Gonville I _ and Caius College, Cambridge. Author of The Italic Dialects. ltu-

St C. VISCOUNT ST CYRES. f Quesnel, Pasquier;

See the biographical article: IDDESLEIGH, IST EARL OF. (_ Quietism.

S. F. H. SIDNEY FREDERIC HARMER, D.Sc., F.R.S., F.Z.S.

Keeper of Zoology, Natural History Departments, British Museum. Fellow, J Polyzoa; formerly Tutor and Lecturer, King's College, Cambridge. Joint-editor of The | Pterobranchia. Cambridge Natural History.

St G. M. ST GEORGE JACKSON MIVART, M.D., F.R.S. / nattiosnakp (;•»

See the biographical article: MIVART, ST GEORGE JACKSON. \ K

S. R. G. SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER, LL.D., D.C.L. f pjynne William (in parf*

See the biographical article: GARDINER, S. R.

INITIALS AND HEADINGS OF ARTICLES xiii

T. As. THOMAS ASHBY, M.A., D.LITT.

Director of British School of Archaeology at Rome. Formerly Scholar of Christ Church, Oxford. Craven Fellow, 1897. Conington Prizeman, 1906. Member of the Imperial German Archaeological Institute. Author of The Classical Topo- graphy of the Roman Campagna.

Pompeii (in part); Pomposa; Pomptine Marshes; Popilia, Via; Portus; Postumia, Via; Praeneste (in part); Praenestina, Via; Puteoli; Pyrgi; Ravenna (in part).

T. A. C. TIMOTHY AUGUSTINE COGHLAN, I.S.O.

Agent-General for New South Wales. Government Statistician, New South Wales, QnoontlanH- r»~ J

1886-1905. Honorary Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society. Author of Wealth \

and Progress of New South Wales; Statistical Account of Australia and New Zealand- StoHatCS.

&c.

f Post and Postal Service;

T.A.I. THOMAS ALLAN INGRAM, M.A., LL.D. J pnllnH I4n A,,,,I.

Trinity College, Dublin.

T. Ba. SIR THOMAS BARCLAY. . r privateer- Member of the Institute of International Law. Officer of the Legion of Honour. I _. .,,' Author of Problems of International Practice and Diplomacy; &c. M.P. for 1 ""*• War', Blackburn, 1910. { Raid; Rebellion.

T. F. D. THOMAS F. DALE, M.A.

Queen's College, Oxford. Steward and Member of the Council of the Polo and - Polo. Riding Pony Society. Author of Polo, Past and Present ; &c.

T. H. THOMAS HODGKIN, D.C.L., Lirr.D. / R

See th2 biographical article: HODGKIN, THOMAS.

T. H. H.* SIR THOMAS HUNGERFORD HOLDICH, K.C.M.G., K.C.I.E., D.Sc.

Superintendent, Frontier Surveys, India, 1892-1898. Gold Medallist, R.G.S., ) Q H London, 1887. Author of The Indian Borderland; The Countries of the King's M Award; India; Tibet.

T. L. H. SIR THOMAS LITTLE HEATH, K.C.B., Sc.D.

Assistant-Secretary to the Treasury. London. Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. I p . Author of Apollonius of Perga; Treatise on Conic Sections; The Thirteen Books of\ '™-

Euclid's Elements ; &c.

T. Se. THOMAS SECCOMBE, M.A.

Balliol College, Oxford. Lecturer in History, East London and Birkbeck Colleges, ) „ H

University of London. Stanhope Prizeman, Oxford, 1887. Assistant Editor of 1 ' inry'

Dictionary of National Biography, 1891-1901. Author of The Age of Johnson; &c. I

T. Wo. THOMAS WOODHOUSE.

Head of the Weaving and Textile Designing Department, Technical College, Dundee. \

W. A. B. C. REV. WILLIAM AUGUSTUS BREVOORT COOLIDGE, M.A., F.R.G.S., PH.D.

Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Professor of English History, St David's

College, Lampeter, 1880-1881. Author of Guide du Haul Dauphine; The Range of-\ Ragatz; Rambert.

the Todi; Guide to Grindelwald; Guide to Switzerland; The Alps in Nature and

in History; &c. Editor of the Alpine Journal, 1880-1881 ; &c.

W. A. L. WILLIAM ALEXANDER LINDSAY, K.C., M.A., J.P., D.L., F.S.A.

Windsor Herald. Bencher of the Middle Temple. Peerage Counsel. Author of The -} Precedence (in part). Royal Household, 1837-1897; &c.

W. A. P. WALTER ALISON PHILLIPS, M.A. f

Formerly Exhibitioner of Merton College and Senior Scholar of St John's College, -i Pf"106;

Oxford. Author of Modern Europe; &c. [Provost (in part).

W. Ba. WILHELM BACKER, PH.D. f

Professor at the Rabbinical Seminary, Budapest. Knight of the Iron Crown. -< Rabbi. Author of Die Agada der Tannaiten; &c.

W. B. P. WILLIAM BARCLAY PARSONS, C.E., LL.D. ,. , _ ..

Formerly Chief Engineer, Rapid Transit Commission, New York. Advisory-^ * Engineer, Royal Commission on London Traffic. Author of Track; Turnouts; &c. [ ways.

W. E. D. WILLI\M ERNEST DALBY, M.A., M.lNST.C.E.

Professor of Civil and Mechanical Engineering at the City and Guilds of London Power Transmission: Inlro- Institute Central Technical College, South Kensington. Formerly University^ ductorv and Mechanical- Demonstrator in the Engineering Department, Cambridge. Author of The D»ii«,auc. r „, , t> ,„

Balancing of Engines; Valves and Valve-Gear Mechanism; &c. [ Kail ways. Locomotive fo ' xr.

W. F. C. WILLIAM FEILDEN CRAIES, M.A. f ft _

Barrister-at-Law, Inner Temple. Lecturer on Criminal Law, King's College, \ Quarter Sessions, Court of, London. Editor of Archbold's Criminal Pleading (2yA edition). [ Recognizance.

W. G. WILLIAM GARNETT, M.A., D.C.L.

Educational Adviser to the London County Council. Formerly Fellow and

Lecturer of St John's College, Cambridge. Principal and Professor of Mathematics, J polytechnic (in part)

Durham College of Science, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Author of Elementary Dynamics; '

&c.

W. H. F. SIR WILLIAM HENRY FLOWER, F.R.S. f Porcupine (in part);

See the biographical article: FLOWER, SIR W. H. \ Rabbit (in part).

W. H. L. WILLIAM H. LANG, M.B., D.Sc.

Barker Professor of Cryptogamic Botany, University of Manchester.

xiv

INITIALS AND HEADINGS OF ARTICLES

W. L. G.

W. M.

W. M. F. P.

W. 0. B.

W. R. M.

W. R. S.

W. W. F.*

W. Y.

WILLIAM LAWSON GRANT, M.A.

Professor at Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.

Prince Edward Island; Formerly Beit Lecturer in J n,.-!,-.,. p...

Colonial History at Oxford University." Editor of Acts of the Privy Council (Colonial 1 J*1" .' *_,r°mnce (in part) ; Series) ; Canadian Constitutional Development (in collaboration). I yuenec: Lily.

WILLIAM MINTO, M.A., LL.D.

See the biographical article: MINTO, WILLIAM.

WILLIAM MATTHEW FLINDERS PETRIE, F.R.S., D.C.L., LiTT.D. See the biographical article: PETRIE. W. M. F.

VEN. WINFRID OLDFIELD BURROWS, M.A.

Archdeacon of Birmingham. Student and Tutor of Christ Church, Oxford, 1884- 1891. Principal of Leeds Clergy School, 1891-1900. Author of The Mystery of the Cross.

Pope, Alexander (in part).

Pyramid.

Prayers for the Dead.

WILLIAM RICHARD MORFILL, M.A. (d. 1910). f

Formerly Professor of Russian and the other Slavonic Languages in the University I Pushkin of Oxford. Curator of the Taylorian Institution, Oxford. Author of Russia; }

Slavonic Literature; &c.

WILLIAM ROBERTSON SMITH, LL.D.

See the biographical article: SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON.

r Priest (in part) ; I Prophet (in part); 1 Psalms, Book of (in [ Rameses (in part).

WILLIAM WARDE FOWLER, M.A.

Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford. Sub-Rector, 1881-1904. Gifford Lecturer,] Pontitex Edinburgh University, 1908. Author of The City-State of the Greeks and Romans; \ The Roman Festivals of the Republican Period ; &c.

REV. WILLIAM YOUNG. r

Minister, Higher Broughton Presbyterian Church, Manchester, 1877-1901, and -I Presbyterianism. Association Secretary for the Religious