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CONTENTS. Wicken Revisited, H. Donisthorpe, F.Z.S., F.R.E.S., etc. .. P 1 Notes on a New Subspecies of Erebia callias, B. C. S. Warren, F. R. E. s. 3 Brithys erini, Fab., in Britain, H. d. ae PMs AS MEY os BRO Ps V.R.E.S. 3
4 Nomenclature, The List, Hy. E Turner, F.R.E.S., F. R.A. 8. : 6 Contrexéville and Locquignol, France, Rev. E. B. Ashby, F.Z.S., F.R.E. s. 7 British Orthoptera, Malcolm Burr, D.Sc., F.R.E.S. .. 8 Current Nores 9
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orem VIL. No. 1. January ldru, 1935.
Wicken Revisited.
By HORACE DONISTHORPH, F.Z.S., F.R.E.S., etc. (Department of Entomology. British Museum. Natural History.)
My first visit to Wicken Fen was in July, 1888, and I stayed at The “ Lord Nelson ”’ Inn ‘ Five Miles from Anywhere” ‘‘ No Hurry ”’ at Upware. It then belonged to the Densons, who also owned the Fishing Rights and the erry, etc. The youngest Denson boy was told off to show me the way to the Fen, carry the lunch and apparatus, etc. His name as far as I could gather was Gaston, and they called him “Gas.” I called him “‘ Gaston de Foix,” which seemed to puzzle him very much. I remember he had an adversion to water, as when I dropped my collecting bottle in one of the dykes, though I offered him half-a-crown to get it out, he replied ‘“‘No! Sir, I can’t abear the water ”’.!
Since then I have visited Wicken Fen every year from 1890-1910; then from 1928-1925 ; then in 1929; and 1984. From 1923 onwards Miss Kirk has accompanied me. From 1893 ] have always stayed at Marshalls’, the old Post Office. From 6th to 22nd September, 1934 Miss Kirk, Miss Irene Kirk, and I, stayed there and enjoyed the generous fare, Wicken ducks, etc., and the kind attentions of Mrs. Jenkinson and her daughter. The former is a daughter of old Mr. Marshall, who is still alive, aged 82, strong and hearty. We went to see Mrs. Houghton the widow of the bootmaker so well known to Lepidopterists. She is 86, and she showed us with pride some drawers of Lepidoptera taken by her late husband. Mrs. Rix, the mother of Mr. Wentworth Day the editor of the ‘“ Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News,” came to see us; and the Vicar took us for drives in his car, on one occasion to Newmarket, where we called upon Mr. J. Collin ; and we also inspected a very interesting goat farm, Wealso motored to March to see Mrs. Norman, another of Marshall’s daughters. The third daughter, whom | remember as a little girl who used to help bring the lunch to the Fen, is married to Mr. Bailey at the Hall, and has a numerous family.
2 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1.1935
Collecting was not at its best, on account of the drought, but we had most beautiful weather the whole fortnight, and secured a large number of insects in most Orders.
I propose to publish the names of all such as have been identified, as accurate lists of the fauna of Wicken Fen are being kept.
CoLEOPTERA.
Carabidae.—Carabus granulatus, L. W.; Dyschirius globosus, Hbst. W.; Bradycellus placidus, Gyll. W.; Amara aulica, Pz. W.; Ancho- menus puellus, Dj. B.; Lebia chlorocephala, Hoff. W., several in sedge refuse; Demetrias monostigma, Sam.
Haliplidae.—Haliplus flavicollis, Stm. B., H. ruficollis, De G. B.; H. lineatocollis, Marsh, B.
Dytiscidae.—Agabus sturmi, Gyll. B., A. bipustulatus, L. B.; Rhantus grapu, Gyli. B.W.
Gyrinidae.—Gyrinus natator, Scop. W.
Staphylinidae.—* Aleochara tristis, Gr. B.; Atheta graminicola, Gr. U.; A. nigella, Hr. W.; A. vaga, Heer. U.; A. palustris, Kies. U.; A. laticollis, Steph. U.; *A. granigera, Kies. U.; Gnypeta labilis, Kir. U.; Tachyusa atra, Gr. U.; Hypocyptus longicornis, Pk. W.; H. discoideus, Er. W.; Mycetoporus splendidus, Gr. W.; Heterothops praevia, Kir. W. ; Quedius picipes, Man. W.; Lathrobium geminum, Kr.; Stilicus fragilis, Gr. W., sparingly in sedge refuse; Stenus ossium, Steph. B.; S. solutus, Er. D.W.; Phloeobium clypeatum, Mull. W.
Silphidae.—Ayathidium atrum, Pk. W.; A. laevigatum, Hr. W.; Silpha tristis, Ill. W.; Cholera nigricans, Spence B.W.
Scydmaenidae.—Eumicrus tarsatus, Mull. W.
Pselaphidae.—Euplectus sanguineus, Den. W.
Corylophidae.—Corylophus cassidioides, Marsh. B., abundant in sedge refuse.
Phalacridae.—Phalacrus corruscus, Pk. B.; P. caricis, Stm. W.B. ; and ab. * dalabyi, Guiel. W.; Stilbus atomarius, L. B., and S. oblongus, Kr. B., abundant in sedge refuse.
Ooccinellidae.—*Subcoccinella 24-punctata, L. B., common by sweeping in one spot; *Scymnus scutellaris, Muls. W.
Nitidulidae.—*Meligethes lugubris, Stm. B.; *Ips quadripunetata, Hbst. W.
Lathridiidae.— Lathridius lardarius, De G. W.; Corticaria pubescens, Gyll. W., abundant in bundles of reeds.
Cucujidae.— Psammoechus bipunctatus, F. B.
Cryptophagidae.—Telmatophilus typhae, Fall. B.
Parnidae.— Parnus luridus, Er.
Telephoridae.—Anthocomus rufus, Hbst. B.W., very abundant by sweeping.
Bruchidae.—Bruchus atomarius, L. B.
Chrysomelidae.—Donacia sparganii, Ahr. B., rather late for a Donacia; Lema cyanella, L. W.; L. melanopa, L. W.; Crioceris asparagi, L. W ; *Chrysomela varians, Schal. B.; *Phaedon tumidulus, Germ. copper coloured abs. W.; Galerucella pusilla, Weise. W.; *Adimonia tanaceti, L. B., some half-dozen swollen ? ? on Scabious flowers. The larva feeds on Scabious; Sermyla halensis, LL. W.; *“Longitarsus suturellus, Duft. W., *L. rubiginosa, Faud. W., L. pellucidus, Faud.; Haltica
NOTES ON A NEW SUBSPECIES OF EREBIA CALLIAS. 3
lythri, Aub. W. abundant on Lythrus salicariae ; * Phyllotreta undulata, Kuts. W.; Apthona lutescens, Gyll. W., abundant sweeping, A. nonstriata, Goez. and ab. *aenescens, Weise. W.; Crepidodera transversa. Marsh, B.W., C. ferruginea, Scop. B.W.; Psylliodes cuprea, Koch. W. ; Cassida vibex, L. B.W., C. nobilis, L. B.
Anthicidae.—Anthicus antherinus, L. W. in one specimen the elytra are all black with the exception of a red spot on each shoulder, this appears to be the var “‘d”’ of Gyllenhal, and may be called ireneae n. ab. Taken by beating bundles of cut reeds.
It is best even in the case of vars. and abs. not to use a name already in existence for species in the genus and as there are species called bipustulata, elegans, and other componds with bi, and in fact any- thing that seems suitable, I have named this aberration after Miss Irene Kirk who assisted at the capture of the insect.
Curculionidae.— Apion miniatum, Germ. W., a very brightly coloured specimen ; EHrirhinus scirpi, F., B.; Thryogenes festucae, Hbst. B. ; Miccotrogus picirostris, F. W.; Ceuthorhynchus litura, F. W., dark ab.
B. stands for Burwell Fen, W. for Wicken Fen and U. for Upware. Those marked with an asterisk are new to Omer-Cooper and Tottenham’s list of the Coleoptera in the “« Natural History of Wicken Fen.’ Since that list they have themselves added Atheta vaga, Heer. Cassida nobilis, L. is queried in that list.
(To be continued)
Notes on a new Subspecies of Erebia callias. By B. C. 8S. WARREN, F.B.E.S.
Many years ago the late Dr. Chapman suggested that H. callias and E’. tyndarus were probably distinct species; but he did not carry his researches far enough to make certain of the fact. For a long time past I have been in possession of anatomical data, which proved that his suggestion was indeed correct, but in view of the necessity for extensive illustration to demonstrate the matter clearly I have left it stand over, hoping that sometime it may be possible to get my work on the genus published in full. .
During the summer of 1938, however, when Sheljuzhko was collect- ing in the Caucasus, he came on two tyndarus-like insects on Mt. Chati- para. I received some of these specimens from Staudinger’s, while Sheljuzhko sent me a number of damaged specimens for further anatomical examination. The result of this examination enables me to record the very interesting fact that on this mountain there fly races of both tyndarus and callias in such close proximity that they actually intermingle on occasions. This remarkable proof of the specific stand- ing of these two insects seems worthy of recording without further delay ; it also confirms the value of my anatomical data i# a manner which few entomologists would have anticipated.
Of the two insects captured by Sheljuzhko, that referable to tyndarus was the ssp. graucasica, Jachontov, which is a very striking race, by far the largest known race of the species; it often attains a size equal to some of the smaller races of ottomana. Anatomically it is also a clearly defined race, most nearly related to the ssp. dromulus, Stg. and ssp. murina, Rev.
4 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1.19385
The second, as already stated, was a race of callias, most nearly connected—as is natural considering the habitat—to the ssp. iranica of the latter. This race has so far remained unrecognised, and I am glad to have the permission of its discoverer to name it after him.
E. callias ssp. sheljuzhkoi ssp. nov.
In size and shape of wings, this subspecies resembles the Persian ssp. iranica very closely, both sharing the very remarkable tyndarus-like characteristic, that the third spot from the anal angle on the upperside of the hindwings is of the same size as the first and second and in line with these; rather than being decidedly larger and set further in on the wings as in other callias races. Further, like tranica, two small extra spots are often present on the forewings below the apical ones ; though they are as often wanting. The chief characteristics which distinguish sheljuzhkoi from iranica are that the bands on upperside are broader than in the latter; slightly on the forewing but very markedly on the hindwing, where a continuous band is present in place of the small separated spots in iranica ; and the underside of the hind- wing, where the nervures are clearly outlined in pale yellowish-white in irvanica but practically invisible in sheljuzhkoi, only a few 9s show- ing traces of them on the outer margin of the wing. From tyndarus ssp. dromulus, sheljuzhkot is distinguished by the more pointed and angular forewings; the frequent absence of the sub-apical spots* on the forewings; the broader bands on the upperside of the hindwings, and the more sharply marked underside of the latter, where the antemarginal band contrasts very markedly with the remaining area of the wing, more as in tranica.
I have not seen a sufficient number of dromulus to be sure of the variation natural to it, but it seems probable that in some cases speci- mens might be close enough to sheljuzhkoi to make identification difficult. The genitalia, however, can always be relied on to distinguish the two very obviously, dromuldus being closely related to the ssp. murina and ssp. carmenta of tyndarus.
For the reasons already given I do not now include any description of the genitalia of this new race. Sheljuzhko at the time of colleeting thought it was confined to higher levels on Chatipara than tyndarus ssp. grancasica; giving the heights of 2,200-2,400m. for the latter, and 2,400-2,800m. for sheljuzhkoi. Further examination of his material, however, shows that yraucasica at times rises to 2,700m., thus proving that the two mingle, for the flight period of both practically coincides, though the higher-flying sheljuzhkot appears earlier than graucasica at lower levels, on the whole. The types of sheljuzhkoi are in the collec- tion of the writer.
* i.e., the spots below the usual apical pair.
Brithys crini, Fab., in Britain. By E. A. COCKAYNE, D.M., F.B.C.P., F.B.E.S.
The brief note on the occurrence of 6. crini for the first time in this country, which appeared in this periodical (1984, 46, 181-2) is misleading in some respects. An accurate and fuller account is given in the Proc. Roy. Ent, Soc. 1984, 51. In October, 1988, Mr. J. A. C. Greenwood found 24 larvae feeding on the leaves of Zephyranthes
BRITHYS CRINI, FAB.,.IN BRITAIN. 5
candida in a walled-in garden near the Curator’s house in Kew Gardens and two others were found subsequently by one of the staff. Imagines from pupae kept at Kew in a glasshouse emerged on 27th and 28th March, but the two females which paired laid infertile eggs. From pupae kept cool imagines emerged from June 10th onwards, and batches of fertile eggs were laid. The eggs, of typical noctuid form, are orange without markings, and are laid in large batches, each egg spaced equidistantly from its neighbours in a similar way to those of Miltochrista miniata.
Mr. Greenwood kindly gave me a batch and the larvae, which hatched on 28th June immediately bored through the cuticle and dis- appeared into the soft tissue of one of the long fleshy leaves of Zephyranthes. After they had hollowed out the whole interior they reappeared and ate their way into another, collecting together in numbers to change skin. I lost the majority of my larvae at about the third instar, but Mr. Greenwood had much greater success by giving the larvae Narcissus bulbs. Following his advice I gave my surviving larvae bulbs of Zephyranthes with the leaves cut down to about three inches. The larvae bored into the leaves and made their way down to the bulbs, which they hollowed out completely. They grew rather slowly and the first was full-grown and went into the earth to pupate on 14th August, but on 22nd August the smallest was still in the last instar but two, when it died. Several were pupating, when I left Scotland at the end of the month, and died owing to dis- turbance on the journey. I bred two males and five females between 20th and 27th September, the two males emerging last, and two are remaining in the pupal stage for the winter.
Mr. Greenwood’s larvae were full-fed at the end of July and remained only a fortnight in the pupal stage, and he bred about fifty moths. He kindly gave me his last half dozen larvae and as they were pupating when I left home went to Scotland I left them at home and found on my return that they had emerged and were spoilt. The handsome larva is black and white with orange ground colour on the last abdominal somite and on the prolegs, and the head is also orange with a black spot on each lobe. There is a good figure in Spuler
Nachtrag, Taf. 3. fig. 3. My larvae ate bulbs of snowdrop, Galanthus nivalis, as well as Zephy- ranus, but refused to touch bulbs of Bluebell, Setlla nutans, and roots of Solomon-seal, Polygonatum. Apparently they choose Amaryllidaceae rather than Liliaceae.
According to Mr. Tams, Brithys pancratii, from the South of France is specifically indentical with B. crini from India, Ceylon, and Java. Zephyranthes candida has been established and used as a border in Kew Gardens for many years and as it is an Argentine species the insect cannot have been introduced with bulbs of this plant. No other Amaryllid has been planted in the walled-in garden for the last two years, so that a moth from some other part of the Gardens or an immigrant must have laid the eggs, which produced the larvae found by Mr. Greenwood. Sir Arthur Hill says that no larvae were found in 1934.
No moth has ever been taken in this country and the species is not known to be migratory on the continent. On the other hand if young larvae were introduced in the gregarious stage the bulb containing them
6 ENTOMOLOGISIT'S RECORD. 15.1.1935
must have been imported at an unusual time of year and not during the quiescent period in late autumn, if it came from a temperate climate. In a tropical climate the insect is continuously brooded and a bulb collected at almost any time of year might contain young larvae.
Nomenclature. The List. By Hy. J. TURNER, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. (Continued from Vol. XLVI. page 131.)
Zephyrus, Dalm. betulae, L., becomes Thecla, Fb. betulae, L.
Zephyrus, Dalm. quercus, L. becomes Thecla, Fb. quercus, L.
Zephyrus, Dalm. type betulae (1816) could not stand against Thecla, Fab. (1807).
Tutt in his Brit. Lep. VILL (=B. Butt. 1.) 298 et seq. went very thoroughly into the synonymy of the hairstreaks and pointed out that Barbut, Gen. Ins. Linné. 1781, had given betulae as a species typical of the genus Ruralis, p. 178, which genus had been described on p. 168 (adequately for the time) under the section ‘‘Plebeians” as “ whose larva is often contracted ” and the imago “ with darkish spots on their wings.” This is the loose translation of Sys. Nat. 1767 ‘‘alis maculis obseurioribus.”
Ruralis(es) was used by Linnaeus as a seetion of his genus Plebetus (see above) and Barbut was the first to select a British species which he considered typical of it and that was the species betulae. But Barbut’s action has been ignored and his work generally decried.
I have looked carefully into Barbut’s book and am more convinced than ever that our modern conception of a genus does not coincide with the modern use of the word ‘‘ genus” in many books even up to the time of Htibner. Our modern conception was being gradually evolved and that we are justified in considering the prior generic name to be that which is first used in a classificatory sense immediately before the species name. On p. 74 Barbut speaking of the genus Dytiscus says it ‘is divided into two families.” Similarly with Carabus, “2 families ”’ ; Tenebrio ‘‘ 2 families”’; Buprestis ‘3 families,’ etc. There is a vast — number of binomial names throughout the book, e.g., Vespa crabro, Chrysis ignita, Ichneumon luteus, Sirea: gigas, Ephemera vulgata, Tortria prasinana, Cimea lectularius, etc., etc. It was an age when locusts, crickets, cockroaches, etc., were Hemiptera with Notonecta, ete.
To be exact, Barbut puts “ P(apilio), P(lebeius), Ruralis Betulae”’ and is the first to use Ruralis as a genus name. Linnaeus put the name as P(apilio), P(lebeius) Betulae, calling Plebetus a “ phalanx ”’ name (i.e. in the sense of genus).
Bethune-Baker in his ‘‘ Synonymic Notes on the Ruralidae,’ Ent. Record XXY. (1913) p. 188, etc., points out that Ruralis should be used as the generic name for betulae and quercus and all allied species “ including the beautiful Eastern green species classed as Zephyrus by de Nicéville, Leech and other authors,”’ and he subsequently gave me the following list of typical species bis investigation led him to place in the genus Ruralis, viz. betulae, quercus, smaragdina, brillantina, taaila, butleri, enthea, attilia, orientalis, sophirina, quercivora, lutea, saepistriata, michaelis, raphaelis, jonasi and betulina. Of course there are other
CONTREXEVILLE AND LOCQUIGNOL, FRANCE. G
species allied to these, which will be found to be in the Ruralis group. It is shown in the above notes that Bithys which Tutt used for quercus is impossible as quercus was not in the original list of Bithys apace: This magazine has used Ruralis betulae for a long period.
(To be continued.)
Coutrexéville, Vosges, France, in June, 1934, and Locquignol, Forest of Mormale, France, in July, 1934.
By Rev. HE. B. ASHBY, F.R.E.S., F.Z.S.
Leaving London at 11.0 p.m. on the night of 7th June I reached Coutrexéville Station via Folkestone, Dunkirk, and Nancy, at 5.30 p-m. on the 8th. I had never visited this part of France before, and I had heard that Coutrexéville was rather addicted to rain, but my fore- bodings were soon dissipated by the spell of splendidly fine weather, which lasted until the 19th when there was a temporary break of thundery weather. I stayed at the Hotel de l’Htablissement in the centre of this fashionable spa on the river Vair. The altitude of Contrexéville is 1,155 ft., and its winter population of about 800 people swells to about 2000 during the season, which lasts from. 20th May to 20th Sept. Apparently hardly, any English naturalists, and, according to Monsieur Léon Lhomme, possibly very few French entomologists have been known to visit Contrexéville, although some of our British entomologists have in previous years visited the Vosges mountains further east.
I found the Hotel de l’Etablissement very excellent in every way ; it adjoins the beautiful Park and there are numerous other hotels, several of which are only opened during the season.
During my first week I collected on the road leading to the pretty Lac de la Folie and around it, and also on a profitable strip of waste land to the right of the short road, which leads to the lake, after leaving the main road. I also found a wide ride in a large wood a little distance behind and to the left of the ‘‘ Cosmos ”’ Hotel, very productive. The road to it passes to the left of the ‘‘ Cosmos” Hotel, behind the railway line, and shortly afterwards a short avenue of trees on both sides of the road is passed. The ride in question then opens out ina wood almost immediately on the right of the road; many small paths run out from this long ride, which are laid out as walks, with direction posts and a number of seats. Towards the end of June I made my way out to the Ferme des Evéques, about two miles from the village of Contrexéville. The best way is to follow the track indicated towards one end of the above mentioned wide ride. There is another way by road, but I found it unproductive and it is rather longer. Lunch or tea can be served in the above mentioned ‘‘ Bishop’s”’ Farm. i had lunch there once but found it frightfully dear. Apaturids are abundant in the courtyard of the Farm, especially in the morning following a previous day’s heavy rain, when they and other species are numerous and settled on the damp courtyard and are easy to take. Apaturids are also numerous on the way to the Lac de la Folie and around it. Dragonflies swarm by the lakeside. There were several species, but I was ‘obliged to leave them on account of setting accommodation.
I found a few imagines of Coenonywpha hero, the ‘ Silver Ringlet,”’
8 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1.19385
in two sections of the above mentioned long ride, but they were quite passés, and I should imagine that 25th May would be a good average date to capture this insect at its best. Above the Ferme des Hvéques, on the Contrexéville side, approaching it through the woods, is a long pasture with a few small mounds in it. The top of this pasture along by an old wire strand, is an excellent collecting ground for Lycaena arion and Coenonympha iphis towards the end of June.
I did not visit any other districts of the Vosges Dept., as the auto- buses do not commence to run until the beginning of July, when I left Contrexéville. There is, however, a daily bus in June which runs to the village and Forét de Darney. This is a large Forest not far from Contrexéville, and I should advise any entomologist who follows me and can spare the time, to try it. There is a bus on the return journey, which gets you back in time for dinner.
The following insects were captured by me at Contrexéville from 9th June until 29th June inclusive. I left the place for Locquignol early on 2nd July. The weather generally at Contrexéville was very fine and hot, thunder rain occurring on three days only.
Raopatocera :—Aporia crataegi, L.; Pieris napi, L.; Pieris rapae, L.; Pieris brassicae, L.; Euchloé cardamines, L.; Leucophasia sinapis ; Colias hyale, L.; Gonepterya rhamni, L. (nybernated specimens) ; Callo- phrys (Thecla) rubi, ., worn; Thecla ilicis, K.; Chrysophanus hippothoé, L. and E.=eurydice, Rott.=chryseis, Hb. and Godt., one 2 only; Rumicia phlaeas, L. ; Polyommatus icarus, Rott.; Plebeius aegon, Schiff. ; . L. arion, L.; Hamearis lucina, L., worn; Apaturo tris, L., and ab. tole, Schiff. ; Apatura ilia, Hb., and ab. clytie, Hb.; Limenitis populi, L.; Limenitis camilla, L., 1764; Polygonia c-album, L.; Hugonia poly- chloros, i. ; Aglais urticae, L.; Pyrametisatalanta, L.; Melitaea aurinia, Rott.; Melitaea maturna, L.; M. didyma, O.; Melitaea aurelia, Nick. ; Melitaea athalia, Rott.; Argynnis paphia, L.; Argynnis aglaia, L. ; Brenthis euphrosyne, L.; B. selene, Schiff.; B. dia, L.; B.ino, H.; Melan- argia galathea, L.; Pararge aegeria, L., var. egerides, Stgr.; Pararge achine, Se. ; Aphantopus hyperantus, L.; EL. jurtina, L.; Coenonympha hero, L., quite worn. First found about 14th June in the wide ride in two places. Coenonympha iphis, Schiff. ; Coenonympha pamphilus, Li. ; Coenonympha arcania, L.; Adopoea flava, Briin. (linea); Augiades sylvanus, Esp.= venata, Br. and Gry. I also observed one or two specimens of Papilio machaon, L. not in very good condition, and a specimen of Hrebia medusa, Hb. almost in rags. This list does not exhaust the complete list of Rhopalocera of Contrexéville, even for June.
(To be continued.)
British Orthoptera.
With a view to preparing a new handbook on our British Orthoptera, information is badly needed on the following points (1) the status of the Field-Cricket in this country ; (adult in early summer): (2) where do the Mole- and Wood-Crickets occur outside Hampshire? (8) does the genuine Acrydium bipunctatwm occur here, or should all records be referred to A. kiefferi? (4) Does Stawroderus vagans occur here? (5) Does Phaneroptera falcata really occur in Cornwall? There are two
BeOT | Ai CURRENT NOTES... .. ‘D
records, but no specimens ; I see no reason. why this handsome, insect. should not be there, (6) northerly range of our Decticids, (7) Orthoptera, of Ireland, Wales, and above all, Scotland, where there are scarcely. any records, and boreal forms may be expected. (8) does Apterygida: albipennis occur away from hop gardens? (9) is Labidura, riparia confined to. Boscombe ?—Maricoznm Burr, United University. Club, Pall Mall Hast, S.W.1. | a tee tents
GYURRENT NOTES AND SHORT NOTICES.
All entomologists will unite with us in according the heartiest of congratulations to Sir E. B. Poulton, F.R.S., on the official recogni- tion of his long tenure of Professorship at Oxford University by the: bestowal of a Knighthood. Known throughout the world for his active exposition of modern thoughts on natural science, he has long been worthy of honour, and we all wish that he may enjoy the freedom of his retirment for years to come. .
Four personal separates have just reached us. (1) From C. Nicholson, giving an account of the attractiveness of the Asclepiad, Araujia sericifera in his garden at Tresillian, Cornwall, detailing and figuring the method of abstraction of the ‘“‘ sweets” by the visitors. (2) Dr. Zerny, a paper describing the new lepidopterous forms met with by himself in his holiday in Morocco in 1988, with 3 plates. (8) Notes on two species of Erebia by F. v. d. Goltz, one on the benacensis race or subspecies of /. tyndarus and the other on the. race. or subspecies sajanensis of I. sedakovti. (4) From Dr. M. Draudt, «A Revision of some of the groups of the genus Dianthoecia,” consisting of a series of articles published in the Hnt. Rundschav during the past. year, the detailed work undertaken by the author in preparation for his. summary in the Supplement to Seitz. It is illustrated by 85 text figures and 2 plates, and is an admirable example of how such revision work should be done. Prof. Draudt divides the included species into. seven groups. 1. The lepida (=carpophaya) silences Grp. 2. The filigramma Grp. 8. The luteocincta Grp. 4. The nana Grp. 5. The tephroleuca Grp. 6. The pumila Grp. 7. The luteayo Grp. British entomologists are interested in at least three of these groups and it is not unlikely that new forms may be found here. The investigations. carried on by workers in Grp. 71n the nt. ecord are duly summarized. and acknowledged in the text.
The ‘‘fairy tales”’ told by current newspapers on anything relating to natural history are usually astounding in their ignorance. In one lying before us a caterpillar is described as a ‘‘ strange reptile” like a. ‘baby prehistoric monster.” ‘‘It has two heads one of which seems. to fit in the other like a cork in a bottle.” ‘It has six eyes.” ‘ There is. a nasty looking spike which now and again rears up from the top of the tail.’ ‘The reptile is hairless.” ‘It is very ferocious looking and resents being interfered with.’”’ ‘‘ Cabbage leaves, broken biscuits, apples, turf, etc. have been placed in the box but the reptile does not appear to have toucbed any of thein.” It was discovered in the clay hole 100 feet below the surface at Longford Brickworks, according to a local paper. A letter correcting such nonsense in a mild way was editorially turned down.
10 ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. | 15.1.19385
The Report of the Eton College N.H.Socy., always. contains an interesting account of the year’s doings of its members both at home and in the field. About seventy species of Macro-lepidoptera, additional to previous species recorded have been added to the local list. An article is included written by one of the members ‘“‘ Notes on the Lepi- doptera for the Season 1988,” in which the writer records Apatura gris for Sussex, Colias croceus for Perthshire, Aporia crataegt for the West of England, Hylotcus pinastri from Dorset, Nonagria sparyanii and N. geminipuncta from Romney and Leucania vitellina from Dorset. Special field meetings were held at the Frensham Ponds, Swinley Woods, etc. and lectures were given in the winter season.
My attention has been called, by a valued correspondent, to the Report, in a Bournemouth paper, of the Annual Meeting of the New Forest Association, and also to the recently published Report of the Association itself. It is surprising that men of education and supposed intelligence should lend themselves to make such erroneous, misleading and scare statements as those published in the two records mentioned above. The Report says, ‘“‘ The attention of the Council has frequently been called to the increasing scarcity of butterflies and moths in the Forest,’ and without inquiring for scientific reasons for such alleged scarcity, such as extensive fires, the afforestry action in introducing fir trees, the successive dry seasons, the less amount of undergrowth present of late years, etc., it goes on to say “caused undoubtedly by their wanton destruction by over zealous Entomologists.”’ A gross assumption without any basis whatever. One would think the Forest was ‘“‘ peppered’ with butterfly catchers. Not half those few collectors seen care a jot about butterflies, but are seeking beetles, flies, and insects of other Orders, mostly destructive to forest products. No details, upon which the random statements are made, are given in the Report itself but at the meeting one of the speakers let himself go and we get one or two facts(!!) ‘‘At one time the very rare “ Painted Lady ’”’ was quite common in Roe Wood,” he said. This is a very excellent example of the ignorance upon which these assumptions are based. This species is an annual immigrant and may be absent, rare, or plentiful according to climatal circumstances whose detailed influ- ences we have not yet fully explored. The larvae feed upon thistles mainly, which of course these visitors sedulously seek. May it be suggested, that the local scarcity so averred is partially the result of the annual destruction of these weeds by urgent command of the Ministry of Agriculture? References were made to the “ Purple Emperor” always a rare species and extremely local, and from its habits of seeking the highest placed oaks most difficult to capture. It can well take care of itself. ‘he growth of pines in place of oaks, and the increasing scarcity of the association of oak and sallow in the Forest, may be a factor in its supposed absence as well as changed climatal circumstances. No doubt the whole Forest, since the advent of the motor-car, has far less secluded spots than of old, and very few portions but are increasingly visited by humans all summer long. However, since Mr. Wm. Fassnidge, M.A., F.R.E.S., will now repre- sent the Royal Entomological Society on the Forest Association, it may be assumed that no such random statements will be made in the future with consequent scare headlines in the local press.—Hy. J. - TuRNER. .
OBITUARY. 1M
@ BITUARY.
J. C. Haggart.
_ James Crerar Haggart died on the 30th May, 1934, at Glasgow, aged 60 years.
Haggart was a regular contributor to the magazines, reporting ¢aptures in South West Scotland, and particularly in his favourite locality of Garelochhead in Dumbartonshire. His notes reveal the habit of close and critical observation, the results of which were always so readily at the disposal of his friends. In Entom. LXIV. he reports Dysstroma truncata as double-brooded in Scotland, and in the same volume he describes the life history of Aporophyla nigra, as observed by him in breeding this insect from the egg, a feat which he was the first to record.
In Hint. Rec. XLV. 180, he recorded the capture of extraordinary, black specimens of Monima (Taeniocampa) pulverulenta, a form which was named ab. haygarti by Tutt (ib. 183) and which occurred in two successive years on the same sallow bush at Galashiels.
He also investigated the remarkable light form of Boarmia rhomboidaria, which occurs on the Ayrshire coast, and which he recog- nised as new when the first specimens were taken some years ago by his son, Mr. G. D. Hagegart, who is carrying on his father’s work and collections.
A wide circle of entomological friends will find a gap in their correspondence with the passing of this keen and careful worker, whose untimely death is a very real loss to science.—H.B.W.
George Bell Routledge, J.P., F.R.E.S.
This well-known Cumbrian entomologist passed away on 19th December, 1934, a few days after his 70th birthday. Never a very robust man, he had been in failing health for several years and his death was not unexpected.
Up to the last, however, he maintained his interests in Entomology and so recently as 22nd November, attended a meeting of the Carlisle Natural History Society to give a lantern lecture on “ Insect Life,” in the course of which he referred to his varied experiences over a period of well over half a century. Attracted to the study of Entomology through the influence of his mother, whom the writer remembers as a collector of much enthusiasm, he devoted a considerable part of his abundant leisure to the study and collection of Insects of all Orders with, however, a preference for the Lepidoptera. His early years were spent in London where he lived in Russell Square near the British Museum. He became acquainted with many of the members of the South London Entomological and Natural History Society—Farn, Barrett, South, Tutt and Step, as well as others happily still with us. He joined this Society in 1887 and would therefoze be among the oldest members. To the Entomological Society of London he was elected in 1890 and was also a member of other Societies in the Londonarea. In the affairs of these he took the keenest interest even though for many years he was unable to attend their meetings, but the perusal of their Transactions was always a pleasure to him.
12 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.11.1985
His father was George Routledge, a Cumbrian native, and the founder of the well known publishing house- of George Routledge & Sons. After a brief period in a printing business in Edinburgh, the subject of this notice returned to Cumberland and eventually settled down at Tarn Lodge, a charmingly situated country house under the shadow of the Pennines about 10 miles east of Carlisle. Here for about 40 years he worked assiduously at the insect fauna of his immediate neighbourhood, a most productive aréa of woodland, meadow and moss- land, a good deal of which was his own property.
It was always a delight to him to welcome a brother collector on his estate and to join in the investigation of its fauna.
While working hard himself in his own intensive way, he kept himself fully informed of the work of others further afield in the county and also extracted all references and records of Cumberland insects in magazines and other literature for nearly a hundred years back. When he joined the recently-formed Carlisle Natural History Society in 1897 he entered with zeal into its project of publishing lists and data of the various Orders of Insects found in Cumberland, and himself undertook the Lepidoptera. This appeared in due course in the various volumes of Transactions the Society has published and deals in all with 1086 species, a remarkably good total for a northern county.
He also published in the same medium lists and notes on the Orthoptera and the Aculeata Hymenoptera of Cumberland, while with the Trichoptera, Neuroptera, etc., he extended his area and included Westmorland and North Lancashire.
These lists are monuments to his industry but in addition he did much work at the Coleoptera and Hemiptera which he placed at the disposal of the writer and which has been duly put on record. He has left records and notes on Diptera and Sawflies which it is hoped will eventually be made use of by the Society.
Apart from his work in the Society’s Transactions, Routledge pub- lished very little—a few odd notes in the Ent. Record and the Entomologist being all I am aware of. Of a most modest and unassuming disposition he preferred to work quietly in his own way, content to leave to others the editing of his notes for printing.
To the Carlisle Natural History Society he was ever a good friend and did much to establish it upon its present sound foundation. He seldom missed a meeting for many years, although before the present facilities for travel made things easier, it meant to him a 3 mile walk out and home to his nearest station ta get a train in and out of Carlisle. Although he left no wishes regarding the disposition of his collections and extensive library, by arrangement with his sister, it is expected that these will pass into the custody of the Museum at Carlisle. He had been a co-opted member of the Museum Committee for a number a years and took a deep interest in its work.
The loss of a man of his modest and lovable temperament is a severe one to local naturalists, but his memory will always be revered, especially by those who had worked with him side by side in the field, and in the study, and who knew him best.—F.H.D.
All MS. and EDITORIAL MATTER should be sent and all PROOFS returned to Hy. J. ‘Vornern, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam.
We must earnestly request our correspondents nor to send us communications IDuNTICAL with those they are sending to other magazines.
Reprints of articles may be obtained by authors at very reasonable cost if ordered at the time of sending in MS.
Articles that require InnLusrravions are inserted on condition that the AurHor defrays the cost of the illustrations.
EXCHANGES.
Subscribers may have Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata inserted free of charge, hey should be sent to Mr, Hy, J. Turner, ** Latemar,’’ West Drive, Cheam.
Duplicates.—S. Andrenaeformis, Bred 1928, well set on black pins, with data.
Desiderata.—Very numerous British Macro Lepidoptera.—J. W. Woolhouse, Hill House, Frances Street, Chesham, Bucks.
Destderata.— Species of Dolerine and Nematine sawflies not in my collection ; list sent.—R. C. L. Perkins, 4, Thurlesitone Road, Newton Abbot.
Duplicates.— Albimacula*, sparganii*.
Desiderata.— Ova of D.oo. pupae of X. gilvago, D. caesia. A.J. Wightman, ‘* durago,”’ Bronfields, Pulborough, Sussex.
Excuaners.—Living Eggs of Catocala fraxiniand sponsa, exchange for butterflies of British Isles.—C. Zacher’ Erfurt, Weimar, Street 13, Germany.
Duplicates.—Pyralina*, Salicis, lanthina*, Orbicularia*, Repandata in variety, Doubledayaria, Black rhomboidaria*, Black virgularia* and others.
Desiderata.—Hyale, Welsh aurinia, Polychloros, Tiphon Agathina, Lunigera, Lucernea, Neglecta, Diffinis, Populeti, Gothica v. gothicina, White Leporina, Tridens Putrescens. Littoralis, Typhae v. fraterna, Rurea v. Combusta, Gilvago, Fulvago v. flavescens, Liturata v. nigrofulvata. Harold B. Williams, Woodcote, 36, Manorgate Koad, Kingston Surrey.
Duplicates.—A large number of species of European and Palaearctic Rhopalocera and Heterocera. ;
Desiderata.— All British species especially those illustrating characteristics of an island fauna. Dr. Lor. Kolb, Miinchen 54, Dachauer-str. 409, Germany, and Franz Daniel, Miinchen, Bayer-str. 77, Germany.
Desiderata.— Urgently wanted for research work at the Royal College of Science, Pupae normal form of Hemerophila abruptaria.
Duplicates.—Pupae of var. juscata of the same species offered in exchange.—J. 4. Downes, 5, Trinity Road, Wimbledon.
Iam seeking an opportunity of exchanging Macro- and Micro-Lepidoptera with English collectors and beg to send list of duplicates.—J. Sojffner, Trautenau (Bezirksbehirde), Bohemia, Tschechoslowakische Republik.
Duplicates.—Weli set British Lepidoptera all in perfect condition about 200 species.
Desiderata.—Living larvae: please send list of species cbtainable.—A. Lester, 2, Pembury Road, London, N.17.
CHANGE or AppREss.—Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, F.R.E.S., to Stanford-le-Hope, Essex : L. D. Wakeley, to 15, Berkeley Place, Wimbledon, S.W.19: B. C. S. Warren, F.R.E.S., to 3, Augusta Mansions, Folkestone, Kent. W. Parkinson-Curtis, to 17, Princess Road, Bournemouth.
MEETINGS OF SOCIHTIES.
Entomological Society of London.—41, Queen’s Gate, South Kensington, S.W. 7. 8 p.m. January 16th, (Annual Meeting), February 6th.
The South London Entomological and Natural History Society, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. Second and Fourth Thursdays in the month, at 7 p.m. January 24th Annual Meeting, February 14th, 28th.—Hon. Secretary, S. N. A. Jacobs, ‘** Ditchling,’’ Hayes Lane, Bromley, Kent.
The London Natural History Society.—Meetings first four Tuesdays in the month at 6.30 p.m. at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Gower Street, W.C.1. Visitors admitted by ticket which may be obtained through Members, or from the Hon. Sec. A. B. Hornblower, $1, Queen’s Road, Buckhurst Hill, Essex.
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Wicken Revisited, H. Donisthorpe, F.Z.S., F.R.E.S., etc... .. Zi 13 Studies in the Biology of P. rapae, III, Orazio Querci (Plate I.) .. -. 14 - UL. l-album,L.,G.W.Wynn. .. = 14 Barly Stages of Indian Lepidoptera, D. ve Soopaippale: F. R. E. Sx a 18 Lepidoptera at Jaca, Wm. Fassnidge, M.A., F.R. E.S. by SS 19 2 - Nomenclature, The List, Hy. J. Turner, FRE. S., FRA. Ss. 20 _ NovEs on ene :—Broods of P. napi in the Bhone Valley, ‘Rev. G.
4, Wheeler, M.A.: Time of Occurrence of Larvae and Imagines of P, carphodactylus, Wm. Fassnidge, M.d.: An unrecorded ab. of P. aegon, 9g Rev. T. G. Edwards, M.A., F.Z.S.: Hibernation of P. atalanta, (T. > _ Greer): Late February and Early March: Britlsh Orthoptera, J. C. F. a Fryer, F.R.E.S.: A newly discovered Tinea species: Late appearance =< of P. gamma and C. siterata; Unusual Foodplanis selected by Arctia = caja, Capt. C. Q. Parsons: Notes from Shoreham, Sussex, L. H. Bonaparte-Wise : Eee: Seve e of Wandsworth, Major
.. C. Dick. = ~ a ee Se 21
Current Nores .. 5 ae a oP ze o 26
_ Opsrrvary.—Dr. F. A. Dixey, Hee. oe 28
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Entomologist’s Record. Photo. O. Queret.
Biotocy or Pieris RAPAE.
WICKEN REVISITED. 18
Wicken Revisited.
By HORACE DONISTHORPH, F.Z.S., F.R.E.S., ete. (Department of Entomology. British Museum. Natural History.)
(Continued from p. 3.)
LEPIDOPTERA.
The Lepidoptera noted were the Peacock, Vanessa io, the Red Admiral, Pyrameis atalanta, and the small Tortoiseshell, Aglais wrticae, in some numbers in the Fen. In the village of Wicken the Red Underwing, Catocala nupta, was seen flying about and settling on the walls of a cottage in the sun and the Humming Bird Hawk Moth, Macroylossum steilatarum was hovering about the flowers in a garden. A moth that seemed rather common in the Fen was Lygris pyraliata, and a ‘“‘ Plume’”’ was noticed several times.
Dretera.
A few small flies were taken in sedge refuse including Madiza glabra, Fl., Discomyza incurva, F1., of which there are only 2 examples in the British Collection at the Museum, and Tachista arroyans, L. Several of the little short winged fly [lachiptera brevipennis, Mg., were beaten out of bundles of reeds.
NEUROPTERA.
The best capture of the trip consisted of a specimen of the very rare Psectra diptera, Burm., family, Hemerobiidae, which was taken in sedge refuse in Wicken Fen. It has only been recorded from three localities previously in Britain; one specimen was taken by Dale at Langport, Somerset ; two near Wexford, Ireland (Halbert); and one in Dumfries (McGowan). ‘There was no specimen in the British Museum collections, either British or General.
Hemietera (HETEROPTERA).
Pentatonidae,—Hurygaster testudinaria, Geoff. 8 examples. This bug has not been recorded for Wicken Fen before, though Bedwell has taken it there. I took it in Wicken Fen 19th Sept., 1909, 11th Sept., 1923, and seven specimens Sept. 1934. One specimen in Burwell Fen, Sept. 19384. ‘The other species, H. maura, with which it was confused, I took at Otford in Sept. 1922. Picromerus bidens, L. lex. Podops inuncta, F. 8 ex. Aelia acuminata, L. 2 ex.
Coreidae.—Myrmus miriformis, Fall. 1 ex.
Lygaeidae.—Heterogaster urticae, F. 15 ex., abundant in bundles of cut reeds. Styynocoris rusticus, Fall. 11 ex. 8S. pedestris, Fall. 6 ex. Peritrechus geniculatus, Hhn. 4 ex. Drymus brunneus, Sablb. 10 ex. D. sylvaticus, ¥. 3 ex., and var. ryet, D. & S. 1 ex. Scolopstethus affinis, Schill. 9 ex. Pamera fracticollis, Schill. 1 ex.
Tingitidae.-—Monanthia ampliata, H.S. lex. M. huwnuli, F. 1 ex. Acalypta parvula, Fall. 2 ex.
Anthocoridae.—Triphleps majuscula, Reut. 4 ex.
Oapsidae.—Calocoris ticitnensis, Mey. 4ex. Lygus kalmi, L. 2 ex. L. campestris, L. 2 ex. 1. pratensis, L. 1 ex. Phytocoris varipes, Boh. lex. Stenodema calcaratum, Fall. 1 ex. Notostira erratica, L. 1 ex.
14 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.11.1985
Cyrtorrhinus geminus, Flor. 3 ex. (uncommon and new to the Wicken List). Until recently only a very few specimens had been taken in Britain, one at Broxborne, Herts (Butler), several in Delamere Forest (Edwards) and one without locality, probably Surrey (Capron). Last year Dalby took it at Madely, Staffs.
fieduvridae.— Empicoris culiciformis, DeG. Four specimens of this delicate “ gnat-like ” bug were taken by beating bundles of cut reeds.
Nabidae.—Nabis major, Costa, 3 ex. WN. flavomarginatus, Schlitz. 8ex. WN. limbatus, Dhlb. 2 ex. N. lineatus, Dhlb. 1 ex.
Notonceridac Serna glauca, Li. 2 ex.
Corixtdae.—Cortaa geoffroyt, Leach, 5 ex. C. sahlbergi, Fieb. 3 ex. C. linnaet, Fieb. 3 ex. C. limitata, Fieb. 1 ex. new to the Wicken List. C. fossarum, Leach, 3 ex.
(To be continued)
An Account of my Studies in the Biology of Pieris rapae. III. By ORAZIO QUERCI.
In the E'ntomologist’s Record, XLIV. pp. 168-176 (19382), and XLV. pp. 65-70 (1933), I gave particulars of a research made at Philadelphia, Pa., where my wife and I collected adults and reared larvae of Pieris rapae for the whole season of 1982. In those papers I gave only a summary account of the life-history of that species; however the matter is complex, and | believe that the best manner to make it clear is to explain, day by day, by means of annotated graphs, what, probably, happened in the meadow of the Park Way of Philadelphia, which was our collecting field. The following graphs have been inade with the support of the notes which J took daily, and of the large series of Pieris rapae, which I possess, and which have been useful to solve some doubts by looking over the specimens.
The data concerning the climate are those of the Monthly Meteoro- logical Summary of the Weather Bureau of Philadelphia. Some of those data are represented by the graph on the Plate, (Plt. L.)
Since we have returned to Kurope, we have continued the study of the insect life in Portugal, Spain and Morocco, where Pieris rapae develops in a very different manner from that at Philadelphia,* as I shall relate in a further paper.
Now, we are going to Macedonia, and if anybody wishes some more detailed news about what I have written in this paper, my address is: O. Querci, 8, Lysimaxoy, Salonika, Greece.
Tangier, 6th January, 1935.
* At Philadelphia the whole life-cycle never was shorter than 18 days nor longer than 28. At Tangier we have reared thousands of larvae of Pieris rapae and the whole life-cycle never was shorter in summer than 28 days.
(To be continued.)
Leucania l-album, Linn. By G. W. WYNN.
In September, 1933, I captured at sugar on the South Devon Coast, three specimens of this rare species (a J and 2 @? 9).
I secured about 50 ova from one 9, and with the exception of six,
LEUCANIA L-ALBUM, LINN. 15
which were infertile, all had hatched by 18th October, 16. days after the ova were first noticed.
The entire eggshell was eaten by the young larva.
I made no attempt to force the larvae, my object being to gain, if possible, some knowledge of their natural development, and with this end in view I placed them in small glass-topped tin boxes, each box containing not more than 3 larvae. Small pieces of well dried stems of Arundo phragmites were provided for shelter.
I was thereby enabled to keep a daily watch on these small individual sroups.
They were kept in a cool room, the night temperature occasionally falling to 45°F. I numbered the boxes and kept individual records. About half the larvae never left their shelter and I subsequently found they had died. A few escaped.
Of the others, [ noticed individuals feeding at intervals throughout November. I gave them tender shoots of Poa annua, of which I had a supply under glass as an emergency measure.
When newly hatched they are gregarious, usually concealing them- selves in the curled tip of a blade, feeding on the cuticle in a straight line. Later, they forsook their retreat and fed at night on the edge of a blade. When disturbed they curled in a ring and hung suspended by a thread if they fell.
The early part of December was very cold, day temperature generally being about 88°, falling at night to 86°. I noticed certain larvae feeding, but never more than three at a time.
On the 20th it became much warmer and during the next few days they beame more active, the number feeding simultaneously varying from 6 to 11.
‘They continued to feed from this time in small numbers up till the wniddle of February, although the weather was frequently very cold. From the 16th to the 20th of that month there was a sharp night frost which seemed to prove fatal to a large number.
More frost early in March no doubt accounted for more casualties, and I never afterwards saw evidence of more than 6 living larvae. These larvae fed at intervals during April, but two must have died early in May, when the nights were very cold.
The three survivors now made good progress, the largest com- mencing its last instar on 13th May and going down on the 28th, the other two following on June 9th. Before going down all three rested for 2 days on the sides and top of the breeding cage and during this period lost colour, the longitudinal lines being only just discernible. ‘They were also somewhat shrunk.
‘he larva forms a small earthen brittle cocoon just under the surface of the soil.
The pupa is mahogany brown, from 12 to 13mm. in length, tapering rather sharply from the tips of the wing-cases toward the anal extremity. Wing-cases at first pale yellowish brown, darkening later. The anal extremity has two rather large spines, and on the outside of these two bristles, all curling outwards at the tips.
I felt doubtful as to what would be the duration of the pupal period, but this uncertainty was removed when on 6th July the first imago emerged. It had not entirely detached itself from the pupa case and
16 ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 15.11.1935
was a cripple. The other two emerged on 9th and 10th July. Both were perfect.
Anticipating a Summer emergence, I visited the Devon locality immediately afterwards and was successful in capturing one specimen, fortunately a 2. It had apparently already oviposited, for only 50 ova were obtained. Of these, 26 were infertile, a number either escaped or were accidentally killed when opening the small tin box in which they were kept.
Incredible as it may seem, the newly hatched larva can crawl between the cover and lid of the containing box and indeed escape. I have proved this by trapping larvae in a covering box. ‘These mishaps left me with 13 larvae which I reared, the moths emerging in Septem- ber.
This Summer brood fed up remarkably rapidly. Hatching on 30th and 31st July most of them changed skin on 6th August and by 4th September all but two had passed through all their instars and gone - down. These two were backward and delicate but were eventually reared. The moths emerged towards the end of September and were perfect specimens.
At this time I was again on the South Devon coast and at the same spot was very pleased to find J-albwm bad become well established. No doubt the very dry and mild winter and spring in South Devon had contributed to this result and a repetition of these favourable con- ditions during the next few months might complete the acclimitization of the species at this particular locality.
It is possible that it was present in some numbers in September, 1933. Local weather conditions at that time were unfavourable and very few moths came to the sugars; in fact the only insects I brought away were the three /-album !
This scarcity of even common species showed that artificial bait was unattractive and suggests that these three specimens represented only a small proportion of the total number on the spot.
I have so far found them very local, in private grounds where they will be well preserved and have every opportunity to get a footing.
Two ¢ 2 taken last September oviposited freely in sheathing leaves of Dactylis glomerata, and the large number of ova obtained (about 200) afforded a better opportunity than J] had hitherto secured for observing the wonderful way in which they were laid.
The ova were occasionally found at the axil of the sheath, but as a general rule were in single and sometimes double rows along the centre of a curled up blade, the edges of which had been glued together. This shelter would, in a natural state, give protection to the young larvae from the weather and enemies.
The ova were, unless laid singly or in very small clusters, thinly covered with a transparent secretion which kept them firmly fixed to the blade.
I feel some diffidence in adding a description of the beautiful larva and freely admit its limitations.
My notes were taken when breeding July larvae.
The young larva is very small and delicate, sluggish in habit, of a dull leaden grey colour, the front segments being darker than the others. As they grew, these six segments indicated by their dark green colour that alimentation had commenced. The longitudinal lines
LEUCANIA L-ALBUM, LINN. 17
became plainly visible in the seventh and following seements. From the commencement of the second instar there is, in many respects, a ereat resemblance to its congener /L. albipuneta.
The following observations were made during the third instar. I noticed little change in coloration and markings until the penultimate instar. Head light greyish brown, faintly reticulated with darker brown; almost as broad as the second segment. Lobes well rounded, with a brown streak down the centre of each. There are a few bristles.
The body is uniformly cylindrical, excepting that it is tapered towards the anal extremity.
There is a very light greenish dorsal stripe bordered olive brown, with a broad band of diffused lighter brown markings beneath having a somewhat irregular lower outline, followed by an equally broad stripe similar in colour to the dorsal.
The subdorsal region comprises several longitudinal lines. The first and most conspicuous is olive brown. Following this are thin lines of very pale green, pink outlined with brown, very light bluish green and lastly brown, in that order. The bottom line is broader than the others and has a dark edging aboveand below. Then follows the very light greenish ochreous spiracular stripe which is rather broad and has a streak of a slightly darker shade running through the centre.
The legs and anal legs are pale olive green and all have two black spots on the outside.
The third and following five segments are divided by orange red folds which are very noticeable. The remaining segmental divisions are only faintly discernible.
On each segment are fourteen dots; a pair on each side of the back, placed obliquely, a triangular group of three, the largest being the spiracle, and two on each side of the belly.
For two and sometimes three days before and after the moult, the colouring was considerably reduced, the ground colour being a very light whitish brown and the stripes a pale ochreous brown. In the penultimate instar there was a greater depth of colour in the bluish white stripes, the dark brown stripes had a purplish tinge and the pink subdorsal line was now light ochreous brown.
In the last instar the stripes and lines are not so distinctly defined as before and the general colouring is much paler. The dorsal stripe is pale ochreous brown with a darker edging. Between it and the sub- dorsal lines are two stripes of light ochreous brown divided by an irregular and poorly defined brown line.
The subdorsal lines are shades of olive brown with darker outlines. The spiracular which follows is of a slightly paler shade and is outlined above and below with a narrow band of pale ochreous brown. The belly and legs are greyish drab.
The chief points of difference between this larva and that of L. albi- puncta would appear to be
(1) In general appearance, the longitudinal stripes being much more clearly defined in J-album, especially the one below the dorsal which in albipuncta is very suffused and broader than the corresponding stripe in l-album.
(2) The orange red segmental folds confined in J-album to the third and following five segments, extend in albipnnecta from the second to the eleventh segment.
18 ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 15.11.1935
(8) The presence of a collar or plate in albipuncta which (-album does not possess*. This plate has the dorsal stripe carried through the ~ centre and a smaller stripe on either side.
It might be of interest to mention that these larvae, when arti- ficially reared, are in their early stages sometimes cannibalistic ; but I must qualify this by adding that the larvae in question were suffering from a disease, the vature of which I was unable to determine, and it is possible that the cannibalism may have been induced by this condition.
* This awaits confirmation as regards the fourth and following instars of l-album.
Early Stages of Indian Lepidoptera. By D. G. SEVASTOPULO, F.R.E.S. (Continued from Vol. XLV., p. 148.)
Euploea core, Cr., core.
Head shining black edged with white, a white mark above the jaws and a white line running from the side of the mandibles to the median suture forming a triangle. Body chocolate brown ringed with white, a brick-red line edged below with white along the spiracles, which are black. Paired black subdorsal fleshy filaments on the 2nd, 8rd, 5th and 11th somites, those on the second being thelongest. A transverse black line on the 2nd and 8rd somites joining the base of the filaments. . Ventral surface dark brown. Anal plate black. There is another form of the larva in which the chocolate and white markings are replaced by a dark and light shade of purplish-grey.
Pupa brilliantly gilded with fawn-coloured markings. Cremaster and last abdominal somite black. Suspended from the underside of a leaf and somewhat resembling a drop of water shining in the sun. The fawn markings are more pronounced in those pupae that develop in shady places.
Foodplant.— Oleander and ‘‘ Peepul” (Ficus religiosa), vide Hnto- mologist, LX V1. p. 118.
Described from a full fed larva found in Calcutta 30.ix.80, pupated 5.x.80 and a male emerged 12.x.30.
Seitz mentions an emerald-green form of the pupa with a brilliant metallic gloss on the head, but I have never come across it.
SaTYRIDAR.
Hlymnias hypermnestra, L., ssp. undularis, Drury.
Head square, pinkish brown outlined with yellow, and divided into a pair of horns. Skin rough and pubescent. Body bright apple-green with a fine double yellow dorsal line, a subdorsal yellow line bearing a red spot on the 8th, 9th and 10th somites and a blue dot on the 8th and 9th. A thin yellow line running along just above the spiracles with another below it. The last somite produced into a pair of processes about + inch long, yellow at the base and shading into reddish at the apex. In some examples the red dorsal spots are obsolete.
Pupa apple-green. The head divided into two short horns marked at the base with pink. The upper edge of the wing-cases marked with
LEPIDOPTERA AT JACA, ALTO ARAGON, SPAIN, 19
pink and with a pink spot in the cell. Thorax keeled, the keel yellow outlined in pink, with two subdorsal pink spots. The abdomen with a subdorsal line broken up into yellow and pink spots. Trace of a similar lateral line. The last abdominal somites strongly curved so that the pupa, instead of hanging, lies parallel to the leaf to which it is attached. Jixed to the underside of a leaf of the foodplant by the cremaster.
Foodplant.—Palms of various species.
Described from a full fed larva found in Caleutta 14.x.80, pupated 18.x.30 and a female emerged 26.x.30.
Seitz does not mention the long anal processes.
(To be continued.)
Lepidoptera at Jaca, Alto Aragon, Spain, in August, 1931 and 1933. By Wu. FASSNIDGE, M.A., F.R.E.S. (Continued from Vol. XLVI. page 129.)
SaRROTHRIPIDAE.—Sarrothripus revayana, Scop.—A few dark forms. S. degenerana, Hb.—Imagines and larvae. |
Notmaz.—Celama subchlamydula, Stgr.—Fairly common at light. * Roeselia albula, 8. and D.—One at light, 2.vili.83. Nola tutulella, ' Zerny.—Four specimens (genitalia not examined).
Arctipar :—Phragmatobia fuliginosa, L. Diacrisia sanio, L.—One Gf 26.viii.83. “Arctia caja, L.—A few. Callimorpha quadripunctaria, Poda. Coscinia striata, L.—Fairly common on Oruel. C. cribrum, L. ab. punctigera, Frr.—Rare. Aypocrita jacobaeae, L.—Imagines and larvae. Apaidia mesogona, God.—Rare. Paidia murina, Hb.— “Common. Lithosia complana, L.—Fairly common. L. lutarella, L.— A few. L. pallifrons, Zell—A few. *L. caniola, Hb.—A few.
Heterocyniwak :— Heterogynis penella, Hb.—A few ¢ 3; old cocoons abundant.
ZYGAENIDAE :—Zygaena fausta, L.—-A very bright form, common. 4. carniolica, Scop.—A few worn specimens, 31.vii.83. *Z. occitanica, Vill_—Fairly common. JZ. filipendulae, L. *Z. ephialtes, L.—Two worn specimens of the form medusa, Pallas, 2.vill.88. 2. lonicerae, Kisp.—Two small specimens. *Z. trifoliit, Esp.—One specimen with spots confluent. Procris globulariae, Hb. P. yeryon, Hb.
PsycourwaE :—Cochliotheca crenulella, Br.—One g.
AEGERUDAE :—Dipsosphecia ichnenmoniformis, Fb. *Synanthedon spuleri, Fuchs.—Several bred from galls in stems of Juniperus found at San Juan de la Pena, 1931.
Cossipaz :—Zeuzera pyrina, L.
Pyratiwar :—Aphomia sociella, L. *Achroia grisella, Fb.—One specimen at light 20.viii.83. Galleria mellonella, L.—T wo specimens, Crambus inguinatellus, Schift—Common. C. geniculeus, Hw. C. con- taminellus, Hb. C. tristellus, Fb.—Vairly common. C. selasellus, Hb. QC. perlellus, Scop. and ab. warrinytonellus, Stt. C. sawonellus, Zinck. —Fairly rare. C. fulgidellus, Hb.—Rare. C. pinellus, L. C. staud- ingeri, Zell.—Rare. C. falsellus, Schiff—Common. C. culmellus, L. QO. pratellus, L. *0O. alpinellus, Hb.—One small specimen. *C. carec- tellus, Zell.—One specimen, 11.viii.88. Hromene superbella, Zell. Abundant among Scabiosa columbaria, L. *Ancylomyia contritella,
Yell.—A few. “*A. tentaculella, Hb.—A few. Homeosoma sinuella, —
20 = ENTOMOLOGIS?’S RECORD. 15.11.1935
Fb.—Rare. H. nebulella, Hb.—Common at light. Hphestia elutella, Hb. Ancylosis cinnamomella, Dup. Psorosa dahliella, Tr.—Fairly common. P. albariella, Zell.—A few. Pempelia italogallicella, Mill. —Fairly common at light. Etiella zinckenella, Tr.—Fairly common. Selagia spadicella, Hb.—Fairly common by day locally in dry places where Genista scorpius grows. Salebria palumbella, Fb.—A few. S. semirubella, Scop. Pristophora florella, Mn. Acrobasis porphyrella, Dnp.—One specimen. A. ylaucella, Stgr.—One specimen. “*A. formosa, Hw.—One specimen. *A. sodalella, Zell.—Three specimens. Rhodophaea suavella, Zinck.—A few; larval tubes common. “*R. advenella, Zinck.—Fairly common. *R. rosella, Scop.—One specimen, 17.viii.88. Aglossa cuprealis, Hb.—A few. Actenia borgialis, Dup.—
Common. “*Cledeobia brunnealis, Tr.—Common. UC. anygustalis, Schiff—Common. Stenia punctalis, Schiff. Scoparia frequentella, Stt.—Common. *Mesographe forficalis, L. Margaronia wnionalis,
Hb.—One specimen. Hellula wnidalis, Fb.—Rare. L[vergestis sophialis, Fb.—Rare. F. politalis, Schiff.—Fairly common; beaten* out from Jlematis. Nomophila noctuella, Schiff.cFairly common. Lowostege palealis, Schiff—Rare. L. sticticalis, L.—Fairly common at lght. Diasemia ramburialis, Dup.—One specimen. *1), litterata, Scop.c—One specimen, 8.vill.88. Mecyna polygonalis, Hb.—One specimen, 25.vi1i1.38. Cynaeda dentalis, Schiff. AMetasia suppandalis, Hb.—Fairly common. M.corsicalis, Dup.—Fairly common. WM. ophialis, Tr.—Fairly common. Pionea institalis, Hb.—A few; pupae fairly common in rolled leaves of Eryngium, P. ferrugalis, Hb.—Common. Pyrausta repandalis, Schiff.Larvae and pupae (badly ichneumoned) fairly common in seed heads of Verbascum. P. nubilalis, Hb.—Fairly common at light. P. caespitalis, Schiff— Common. P:;.. sanguinalis; V1: Rares ae. castalis, Tr.—Rare. © P. purpuralis, LL. P.aurata, Scop. P. cingulata, L.—Common at light. Noctuelia floralis, Hb.—Rare. Botys ruralis, Scop.—Fairly common. (To be concluded.)
Nomenclature. The List. By Hy. J. TURNER, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. (Continued from p. 7.)
Thecla, Fb. w-album, Knoch. becomes Strymon, Hb. w-alhum, Knoch.
Thecla, Fb. pruni, L. becomes Strymon, Hb. prunit, L.
Tutt, in Brit. Lep. VIL. p. 814 (Brit. Butt. 1.), erected a genus Edwardsia (altered to Chattendenia subsequently) for w-albwm and used Strymon, Hb. for prunt.
Bethune-Baker, in his “ Synonymic Notes,” Hnt. Record, XXVI. -138 (1914), placed the following species in the genus Strymon, Hb.— mopsis, Stdgr.: spint, Schiff.: w-album, Knoch: ewimia, Leech: yrandis, Fidr.: ilicis, Esp.: acaciae, Fb.: pruni, L.: priunoides, Stdg.: herzi, F'sn.: thalia, Leech: ledereri, Bdv.: lunulata, Krich.: sasanides, Koll. : myrtale, Klug., and says that he can find no characters structural nor otherwise to separate these species generically. Both Tutt and Strand have given a whole string of generic names for this assemblage and allied species, none of which can stand. Hemming shows that both
NOTES ON COLLECTING. 21
Bithys and Strymon are valid as generic names for this ‘very large group,’ and suggests that eventually Strymon may be revised when Bithys will be legitimately available.
Leucophasia, Steph. sinapis, L. becomes Leptidea, Billberg. sinapis, L.
This magazine has for years used Leptosia, Hb. for this species, with the previously expressed objection to Billberg’s work. As my colleague Mr. T. B. Fletcher points out, the greatest objection to Billberg is that there are no generic descriptions in Billberg’s mere List. If Leptidea (1820) be discarded then the next available name is Leucophasia, Steph. (1827). Leptosia, Hb. (1818) Zutraye did not include sinapis, but Leptosia, Hb. Verz. (1823) did contain sinapis. The date of the Verz. was until recently considered to be (1816), hence Butler (1870) took sinapis as the type of Leptusia. This last now falls unless further alteration of the dates of the V’erz. be established.
Aporia, Hb. crataeyi, L. remains Aporia, Hb. crataegi, L.
Pieris, Schrnk. brassicae, L. remains Pieris, Schrnk. brassicae, L.
Pieris, Schrnk. rapae, L. remains Pieris, Schrnk. rapae, L.
Pieris, Schrnk. napi, L. remains Pieris, Schrnk. nap/, L.
Pieris, Sechrnk. daplidice, L. becomes Pontia, Fb. daplidice, L.
This magazine has long used /’ontia for daplidice.
Euchloé, Hb. cardamines, L. remains Muchloé cardamines, L.
Colias, Fb. hyale, L. remains Colias, Pb. hyale, L.
Colias, Fb. edusa, Fb. croceus, Frery.
This last change has been used now for some years past. The list contains a long discussion on the use and validity of Colias.
Gonepteryx, Leach rhamni, L. remains Gonepteryx, Leach rhamnt,
Papilio, Li. machaon, L. remains Papilio, L. machaon, L.
Nisoniades, Hb. tayes, L. becomes Mrynnis, Schrank, tayes, L.
Nisoniades, Hb. Verz. 108 (1820) contains tages, L. and six other species. In 1850, Stephens List Spec. Brit. Anim. B.M. selected tayes as typical of the genus, whereas it was only in 1872 that Scudder selected tages as typical of the genus Hrynnis, Schrank (1801). It thus seems that Nisoniades tages should stand.
(To be continued.)
YOTES ON COLLECTING, ete.
Hach month the editors are arranging to have a series of short notes under this heading ; what has been observed ; what to look for ; general notes on localities, etc. We already have notes on reed beds in early spring, some notes from Cornwall, from Sussex, from Ireland. Will subscribers please help with these short notes of mutual help.
Broops oF P. napr in tHE Ruone Vatiey.— Dr. Verity’s account of the broods of P. napi in the Rhone Valley are based on a miscon- ception. In the observations made in this district during eleven consecutive seasons I have never known a case where the Ist brood was not over before June. I do not remember even having seen a ragged specimen of this brood so late as that. The first brood is out in a forward season at the end of March, in 1899 for example it was out on 28th March; even in a late season I find I have noted it on
29, ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 15.11.1935
17th April, so that I am sure that any specimens Dr. Verity found in June must have belonged to the 2nd brood.
Further south even at 8,000 ft. in the Abruzzi I have found the the 2nd brood, of extreme napaeae form, in rags by the middle of July, but in the Rhone Valley a pronounced napaeae form is not usual in the June brood.
For a really reliable knowledge of the Rhone Valley broods of the earlier species it would be necessary to begin researches by the 2nd week in April at the latest.—Rev. G. Wuertmr, M.A., F.R.H.S.
Notes on THE Time oF Occurrence oF Larvar anD ImaGinus OF PrERoPHORUS CARPHODACTYLUS, Htpy.—For some years I sought in vain for larvae of this species in the flowers of Inula conyza, D.C. (squarrosa) in August and September, according to the dates given by Meyrick. Nearly all the continental authorities, to which I have access, state that the moth is double-brooded, copying, I think, the statement of *Spuler, who says of the imagines: “im Juni und Ende August-Sep- tember,” and of the larvae: ‘‘im Mai in den Astwinkeln eingebohrt, im Juli in den Blitenkérbchen von Jnula sqguarrosa.”’ I am not in a position to say that the insect is single brooded with us, but I know of no captures later than July, and my friend Mr. HE. A. C. Stowell, who is in a most favourable position, has also failed to find second brood larvae.
All the imagines I have taken have been caught between 24th June and 7th July at Farley Mount near Winchester, where the insect is fairly common, not very easily disturbed, but to be smoked out in fair numbers on a calm afternoon. | have found larvae in the same locality and also at Newchurch near Alverstone, I.W. The latter locality is an old chalkpit, where on the steep rough sides the foodplant grows commonly. Larvae were found there varying in size from small to well-grown in the last week of April, 1932, while at Farley Mount, only quite small larvae could be found on 7th May, 1932. ‘he differ- ence I assume to be due to the less favourable position as regards sunshine and perhaps also to the higher elevation of Farley Mount. I visited the Newchurch chalkpit again on 8th April, 1988, and found nearly full-fed larvae in fair numbers, boring into the central shoot of stunted plants in the driest and barest places, showing plain signs of their presence. The larva very closely resembles that of Adaina microdactyla, Hiibn., is usually heavily parasitised, but not difficult to rear if the infected plants be dug up and replanted in a shallow box. I had hoped in 19384 to breed the moth again, get a pairing and ova if possible, and to make an attempt to find out if a second brood occurs in England or not, but a long illness made this impossible. Can some other entomologist throw any light on this question ?— Wm. Fassnipex, (F.R.E.S.), 47, Tennyson Road, Southampton.
AN UNRECORDED ABERRATION OF PLEBEIUS aEGON.—I was fortunate to secure an interesting unnamed variety of Plebeius aegon (argus) near Ilfracombe on 10th July last. The specimen was a female in very fair condition and almost uniform khaki in colour on the upper side, lightly dusted with violet scales at the base of the wings. The
* Spuler apparently got this information from Hoffmann Ber. Nat. Ver. Regens- burg. V. 175 (1896).—T.B.-F.
NOTES ON COLLECTING. 93
markings on the margin were faintly visible and the fringe was a greyish white. The underside was normal except for the deeper orange shade of the ground colour and the markings clear and definite. The general effect, when on the wing, was so suggestive of Cuenonympha pamphilus, that I nearly mistook it for that imsect.—(Rev.) T. G. Kpwarps, M.A., F.Z.5S.
Hypernation oF Pyramers ataLanra.—Our correspondent Mr. Thos. Greer has recently sent an interesting extract from the Belfast News Letter in which a writer gives a circumstantial account of his discovery of the winter hiding place of Pyrameis atalanta. In arather dark corner of Belvoir Park, Belfast, was a deep hollow in one rough tree trunk, and the sun shining through the leafless trees on this day of mid December happened to strike the depth of the cavity. In this cavity were a number of P. atalanta which the light and warmth awakened. They moved about, jostled ore another, and at length advanced one by one towards the light and flew slowly and heavily away.
Lave Fepsruary anp Harty Marca.—A search on the tree trunks in Richmond Park usually used to give plenty of Hrannis leucophaearia males and a very close search especially in the afternoon should afford a few females, spider-like creatures most elusive tosee. On the western side of the White House in the centre of the Park one could always get the completely black form ab. merularia, in small number. This species is well worth getting in number on account of its varied forms ; some of the whitebanded examples, ab. marmorinaria, are very pretty. The wood some distance north of the White House is also very productive of this species. In March assiduous search will probably produce Apocheima hispidaria in small number. The females of this species are also apterous but being larger than those of F. leucophaearia are somewhat easier to find, but rarer. Apocheima hispidaria emerges in the latter half of the day when the males may be found low down drying their wings and the females in movement like spiders.—Hy.J.T.
British OrtHoprera.—Dr. Burr’s note in the January issue of this Journal, p. 8, has served as a reminder that a recent record of the occurrence of the Mole Cricket in l:ancashire has not yet been pub- lished.* Towards the end of May, 1934, a living specimen was received from Mr. O. G. Fry, an Inspector of the Ministry of Agriculture at Liverpool. The insect was found by a nurseryman at Lytham who sent it to Mr. McPherson, Horticultural Instructor for Lancashire, who, in his turn, passed it on to Mr. Fry. No other specimens were found, and it is not impossible that the insect was imported with shrubs that had been brought in from Holland, although it would be rather surprising if so large and active an insect had not some opportunity of escaping en route. The specimen, when received, seemed to be very healthy, and it was placed in soil in a large bell jar with various roots
as food. The jar was about 1 ft. high, the soil reaching about half-
* A specimen (which I saw but did not know) was taken in the bank of the large pond in the grounds of Becket, Schrivenham, in the late eighties and sent to the B.M. for identification. The answer received was ‘‘ The mole cricket, by no means rare.’’—G. W.
O94 ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 15.17.1925
way up the jar, which was covered with muslin tied round with tape. The cricket made numerous burrows in the soil but after some three weeks it suddenly disappeared and was not subsequently found; its means of escape is a mystery, as the muslin cover had not been bitten throngh nor did it show any signs of having been removed. Finally it is perhaps worth mention that this is the only specimen of the Mole Cricket that has been submitted to the Ministry of Agriculture during the past twenty years, although on the continent of Kurope the species is well known as a serious pest.—J. C. F. Fryer, Plant Pathological Laboratory, Harpenden.
A NEWLY DISCOVERED Tinea specirs.—At a recent meeting of the South London Entomological Society, Mr. 8. Wakely exhibited series of the group of the Micro genus 7%inea containing the species 7’. granella, L., 7’. cloacella, Haw., T. ruricolella, Stain., and the newly differentiated species 7’, personella, Pierce and Metclf. These species are extremely alike and although differences are apparent with series side by side, one has the utmost difficulty to differentiate them by colour and marking. In fact Meyrick, Rev. Brit. Lep. p. 828, unites ruricolella, Staint. with cloacella, Haw. The new species 7. personella was taken at Horsley, Surrey, on tree trunks, from the more or less decaying bark from which the pupa cases were still protruding. 7’. personella is found in the spring, 7. cloacella all through the summer, 7. granella in spring and summer, 7’. ruricollella about midsummer. All are more or less connected with fungi, Polyporus and decaying bark are the pabulum of the larvae.
Large APPEARANCE OF PLUSIA GAMMA AND OF CIDARIA SITERATA (psrrtacaTa).—I observed both these species on 8rd December at rest on the electric hght lamps here at Torquay.
Unusvuat FooppLants SELECTED BY Axctia casa.—During the last few years 1 have found batches of ova of Arctia caja on leaves of both birch and poplar and ova of Spilosoma menthastri on ash. In cach case the ova were laid in some number at about four feet from the ground and quite clear of any low growing vegetation so that their actions could not have been due to any immediate oversight of the females. The young larvae of each all fed up contentedly on the several food plants until ] became aware of their identity, somewhat to my disappointment, when they were transferred to some more humble rations.—(Capr.) C. Q. Parson, Torquay.
Notes From SHOREHAM, Sussex.—To the collector of Lepidoptera it is often interesting to compare one season with another. That the abundance or otherwise of species is not wholly determined by climatic conditions must be patent to all observers.
Although the summers of 1983 and 1984 were very similar in temperature and amount of sunshine and also remarkable for an abnormally low rain fall, both differed materially with regard to_their quota of butterflies and moths. Thus last summer in my experience the migratory species Colias croceus, Vanessa cardui, V. atalanta, Macro- glossum stellatarum and Plusia gamma were decidedly scarce here, whereas in 1938 they were common.
NOTES ON COLLECTING. 95
Other species that occurred less abundantly than usual were Eumenis semele, Polyommatus tcarus and Rumicia phlaeas, to which might be added the three common whites. But on the other hand Polygonia c-album, Limenitis camilla, Satyrus galathea and Polyommatus bellargus were out in considerable numbers. I found P. c-album on Lancing Clump and Erringham Farm on the Downs and also in Clapham Woods near Worthing. They were mostly of the hutchinsoni form with mottled undersides. L. camilla occurred sparingly on Lancing Clump (first time seen there) and was rather common in Clapham Woods.* I saw a specimen much to my surprise flying down North Street, Brighton, one afternoon in July!
Lycaenopsis argiolus was abundunt in suitable places especially in the summer emergence. I {ound the ova and larvae commonly on ivy buds during August and September; unlike the larvae of Polyommatus coridon and 1’. bellargus they were easy to rear.
Of the moths captured none call for mention except perhaps Cuarr- hoedia xerampelina of which I took two specimens in September, one on an ash tree in Lancing Clump and the other in Shoreham attracted by the lamp. ‘Two or three specimens of the pretty Pyralid Spilodes palealis occurred on the Downs near here and two Myelois cribrum both in mid-July.—L. H. Bonaparrn-Wyss, Shoreham-by-Sea.
CotrorHoripan.—The Coleophorids are, perhaps, the most inter- esting group of the Micro-lepidoptera that one beginning the study of the ‘smaller fry’? can take up. The life-histories of many of the species can be readily observed, from oviposition to emergence, and the stages are excitingly varied. As the name implies they are all ‘‘case bearers” in a larval stage, as well as miners. They bore into stems, leaves (between the two surfaces), seeds and so forth, constructing ‘‘houses’”’ from their natural secretions, from portions of their food reinforced with silk, from one or more seeds adapted as houses, etc. The “ houses” of the young pre-hibernating larvae in some species are quite different from those of the more mature larvae after hibernation. To observe a larva building, widening, lengthening, shaping, its older case to allow for growth is a wonderful sight; it generally takes place at night. Just now one can find the whitish cases of Coleophora caespititiella on the seed head of the common rushes growing on moist sround. Gather a handful of these old flowering stems and place them in damp sand covering them with tbe usual muslin material. They must be kept out in the open and when the hibernating larvae begin to move, fresh seedy stems may be inserted at intervals, until pupation takes place. It is well to get the stems from different localities as the mortality is often great from parasitic attack and from infantile starvation. The imago comes out in June.—Hy.J.T.
At this time of a year, the beginner will easily find the cases of C. laricella on larch, of which they are a definite pest when the young leaves appear.—T.B.-R.
LepiporTERA oF WanpswortH.—Since coming to this neighbourhood in 1925, I have observed 67 species of Lepidoptera and submit my list in the hope that fellow entomologists, who have had the opportunity
* A specimen spent an afternoon in any garden at Worthing this summer.— G.W.
26 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.11.1985
to make far more complete surveys, may publish their records. ‘The species all occurred within a mile’s radius of Wandsworth Common Station, the ground covered including some 150 acres of old preserved land, which comprises the grounds of the Springfield Mental Hospital. In the case of the migrants and more interesting species the dates of observation are recorded. Those species marked * came to light.
Pieris brassicae, Pieris rapae, Colias croceus (edusa) (4.1x.30), Aglats (Vanessa) urticae, Vanessa io, Pyrameis cardui (7.vili.81), Pyrameés atalanta (4.vii.30), (the last four at Buddleia flowers), Hpinephele jurtina, Coenonympha pamphilus, Heodes (Chrysophanus) phlaeas, Lycae- nopsis (Cyaniris) argiolus, Augiades sylvanus, Mimas (Dilina) tiliae, Smerinthus popult*, Dicranura vinula, Phalera bucephala*, Oryyta antiqua, Cilia ylaucata (5.vi.81) (on a fence in Sudbrooke Road), Spilosoma menthastri, Spilosoma lubricipeda, Arctia caia, Hipocrita jacobaeae, Acronicta aceris, Acronicta meyacephala, Acronicta pst, or tridens (imago only observed), Metachrostis (Bryophila) perla*, Agrotis exclamationis*, Noctua xanthographa*, Aaylia putris, Triphaena pronuba*, Mamestra (Barathra) brassicae, Mamestra persicariae, Apamea secalis, Miana_ strigilis*, Xylophasia monoglypha, Dipteryyia scabriuscula (25.vii.31) (on a fence in Beecheroft Road), Phloyophora meticulasa, — Mania maura, Hydraecia nictitans*, Leucania pallens*, Lewcanta lithar- gyria, Caradrinaquadripunctata, Taentocampa gothica, Amathes lychnidis*, Plusia moneta (28.vili.82) (on a wall in Nightingale Lane), 1’. gamma* (18.ix.31), Catocala nupta, Acidalia seriata, Schenk. (viryudaria, Hb.), Acidalia sylvestraria (straminata)*, Acidalia fuscovenosa (tnterjectaria), Acidalia aversata, Acidalia floslactata (remutaria), Operophtera brumata, Xanthorhoé fluctuata, Huphyia (Camptogramma) bilineata, Hupithecta vulgata, Abraxas grossulariata*, Hnnomos fuscantaria*, Ourapterya sam- bucaria, Opisthograptis luteolata, Hybernia aurantiaria, Lycia hirtaria, Biston (Pachys) betularia and ab. carbonaria, Jord. (doubledayaria, Mill.) 1.vi.80, Hemerophila abruptaria, Boarmia rhomboidaria (yemmaria), Hepialus sylvina*, Hepialus lupulina.—(Major) C. Dick. Tooting, S.W.7.
GXYURRENT NOTES AND SHORT NOTICKS. Part 2 concluding Vol. I. of the Transactions of the Soctety for British Entomology was published in November last and is a most valuable addition to our literature on British Entomology. A hundred pages is devoted to a first instalment of an annotated “ List of the Lepidoptera of Dorset”? by W. Parkinson Curtis, F.R.1.S. with whose thorough work we are familiar in these pages. The unusual classifi- cation of Meyrick’s Handbook is followed, but subsequent and omitted items in the latter are discussed and much up to date observations included, e.y., oditis in place of hispidus. Interpolated notes occur througheut and no student of the Noctuae should fail to consult the author’s remarks and suggestions. There is a composite article on the English names of the British Lepidoptera worked around the writings of Haworth and Wm. Jones, by Sir. E. 3. Poulton, Dr. Hobby, F. Hemming and H. M. Edelsten; a very charming and interesting “ archaeological’? exploration among the early “ fathers” of British entomology. F. J. Killington gives the Life-histories of some of the Hemerobiidae, H. Audcent discusses the Family Liriopeidae (Diptera)
CURRENT NOTES. OT
and D. O. Boyd, Notes on the Variation in certain Ichneumonida. The amount of observation and research in the first year of this periodical is really great and all our local Natural Science societies must perforce have the Transactions of this Society on the shelves of their libraries. There are ten plates in this part and the whole forms a very handy volume.
Dr. Hering of Berlin has just issued his annual contribution of three portfolios of Minen Herbarium. This issue contains 60 sheets of leaf mines made by insects, collected and mounted mostly during the past year. 26 of these are Lepidopterous, 28 are Dipterous, and the others are made by 5 Coleoptera and 1 Hymenopteron. The whole series now comprises 360 sheets of mines and with the Index supplied forms quite a material encyclopaedia. Dr. Hering is now the world authority on mining-insects of all Orders, and one can rely on the correctness of his identifications. The labelling gives the plant name and Order, besides the insect name and Order, and the dates and places of occurrence. Those who desire to possess these portfolios should write to Dr. Hering himself at Berlin N.4, Invaliden str. 43, Germany.
We have a few more descriptions of forms of British Noctuids to: publish and the Index and Title page, before we commence vol. II which we hope will be in May. The detailed consideration of the species in Tutt’s British Noctuae, vol. Lf. was much more thoroughly worked out than those in vol. I, so that we anticipate that we shall be able to get on more rapidly than we have done there. We shall have some complete sets of the parts p. 1 to p. 364 for sale at 10/6 the set unbound.
A Meeting of the Hntomological Club was held at the Museum, Tring Park, on 29th September, 1934. Lord Rothschild in the Chair. Members present, in addition to the Chairman:—Mr. Horace Donisthorpe, Mr. H. Willoughby-Hllis, Mr. Jas. EH. Collin, Mr. W. J. Kaye. Visitors present :—Major li. i. Austen, Mr. H. E. Andrewes, Dr. K. G. Blair, Mr. E. C. Bedwell, Dr. Malcolm Burr, Prof. H.:D. Hale Carpenter, Dr. E. A. Cockayne, Mr. C. L. Collenette, Mr. Guy Dollman, Dr. F. A. Dixey, Mr. H. N. Edelsten, Mr. 8. S. Flower, Mr. J. C. F. Fryer, Mr. F. W. Frohawk, Major Philip Graves, Capt. Francis Hemming, Mr. H. R. Hewer, Dr. Karl Jordan, Mr. W. H. Laing, Sir Guy A. K. Marshall, Mr. William E. F. Nelson, Dr. S. A. Neave, Mr. Louis B. Prout, Mr. W. P. Pyeraft, Dr. C. Tate Regan, Capt. N. D. Riley, Mr. W. Rait Smith, Mr. H. Stevens, Mr. C. Danes Sherborn, Mr. Henry J. Turner, Mr. W. H. T. Tams, Mr. B. P. Uvarov, Mr. Colbran J. Wainwright, Mr. C. G. M. de Worms, Comm. J.J. Walker. The members and guests arrived at the Museum at various times during the morning and were received by Lord Roths- child. The whole of the collections in the Museum were thrown open to visitors, and the Chairman made Special exhibits on the tables in the Insect room and the former Bird room.
1. The entire collection of the Acraeinae, a subfamily of Nympha- lidae, which is purely tropical and subtropical, the large majority of species occurring in Africa south of the Sahara, a fairly large number in South and Central America and a few species in the Oriental Region as far east as the Solomon Islands, none being found in the Palaearctic and Nearctic Regions proper. ‘The specimens of each species and sub- species were arranged strictly according to localities, the collection
28 ENTOMOLOGIST’ S RECORD. L5ALV985
showing which districts were sparsely represented, and at the same time illustrating the extent of the variability of a species in any locality from which the collection contained an adequate series.
2. Some Papilio and Pseudacraea resembling Planema and Acraea.
8. Acraea collected in South-west Africa and Angola hy Dr. Karl Jordan in 1933 and 1934, and among them aseries of Acraea hypoleuca, Westw., of which only one specimen was previously known (in the Hope Department, Oxford). |
4. A large series of the Uraniid, Chrysiridia madayascariensis, with some very conspicuous aberrations in which the metallic green scaling of the forewing was much extended, forming a large patch divided distally into broad rays on the veins.
5. The larva and imago of the giant coleopteron, Goliaihan cacicus from Sierra Leone, the larva measuring 54 inches in length.
6. The cast of the Giant Salamander, which has been living in a tank at Tring Park for 44 years, and had only lately died.
Luncheon was served at 1 o’clock and a most pleasant time was spent, the guests thoroughly enjoying the conversation around the tables. The whole of the party again returned to the Museum and left for their various destinations later in the afternoon after a most interesting and successful day.—H. Writioveupy Hnus.
@G@ BITUARY. Dr. F. A. Dixey, F.R.S. (1855-1935).
Another eminent entomologist has lost his life by the murderous wmotor-car. Dr. Dixey became a scholar in Wadham College, Oxford in 1874, and most of his life until his retirement in 1925 was spent there. He was elected to a Fellowship in 1885 and subsequently held various Offices in the College. His speciality in entomology was aught that concerned the Pierine butterflies, which group was strongly represented in the Hope Collection in the Oxford Natural History Museum. Not only was he interested in the systematics and distri- bution of the group, but he sought to work out their bionomic relation- ship, their part in the theory of mimicry, the development of special glands and scales on the wings, the process of development of the wings in the pupa, etc. His notes on the scent and scent-scales are well-known to all entomological students. He possessed marvellous ease of speech ; without hesitation he would demonstrate a subject with the greatest clarity to his hearers, without superfluous thought or word. Asa host, those of us who have stayed in Wadham College during the visits of the Entomological Club know full well, he was one of the best. His Oxford stories, his verbal sketches of the idiosyncrasies of students who subsequently became famous, his accurate memory of university incidents and his real learning made his company an illumined pleasure. In 1910 he became F.R.S.; in 1909-10 he was President of the Entomological Society of London after serving on the Council and as Vice-President. In 1919 he presided at the Zoological Section of the British Association at Bournemouth. On more than one occasion he gave an address on his special Pierine study to our South London Society and his visit was always of special interest to a large audience. Entomological circles have lost a fine entomologist and a fine man.—Hy.J.T.
Ail MS. and EDITORIAL MATTER should be sent and all PROOFS returned to Hy. J. Turner, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam.
We must earnestly request our correspondents nor to send us communications IDENTICAL with those they are sending to other magazines.
Reprints of articles may be obtained by authors at very reasonable cost if ordered at the time of sending in MS.
Articles that require InLusTRarIions are inserted on condition that the AuTHoR defrays the cost of the illustrations.
EXCHANGES.
Subscribers may have Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata inserted free of charge. ‘They should be sent to Mr. Hy, J. Turner, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ West Drive, Cheam.
Duplicates.—8. Andrenaeformis, Bred 1928, well set on black pins, with data.
Desiderata.—Very numerous British Macro Lepidoptera.—J. W. Woolhouse, Hill House, Frances Street, Chesham, Bucks.
Desiderata.—Species of Dolerine and Nematine sawflies not in my collection ; list sent.—R. C. L. Perkins, 4, Thurlestone Road, Newton Abbot.
Duplicates.—Albimacula*, sparganii*.
Desiderata.—Ova of D.oo. pupae of X. gilvago, D. caesia. A.J. Wightman, ‘‘ Aurago,”’ Bromfields, Pulborough, Sussex.
Excuanees.—Living Eggs of Catocala fraxini and sponsa, exchange for butterflies of British Isles.—C. Zacher’ Erfurt, Weimar, Street 13, Germany. _ Duplicates.—Pyralina*, Salicis, Ianthina*, Orbicularia*, Repandata in variety, Doubledayaria, Black rhomboidaria*, Black virgularia* and others.
Desiderata.—Hyale, Welsh aurinia, Polychloros, Tiphon Agathina, Lunigera, Lucernea, Neglecta, Diffinis, Populeti, Gothica v. gothicina, White Leporina, Tridens Putrescens. Littoralis, Typhae v. fraterna, Rurea v. Combusta, Gilvago, Fulvago v. flavescens, Liturata v. nigrofulvata. Harold B. Williams, Woodcote, 36, Manorgate Road, Kingston Surrey.
Duplicates.—A large number of species of Kuropean and Palaearctic Rhopalocera and Heterocera.
Desiderata.—All British species especially those illustrating characteristics of an island fauna. Dr. Lor. Kolb, Miinchen 54, Dachauer-str. 409, Germany, and Franz Daniel, Miinchen, Bayer-str. 77, Germany.
Desiderata.—Urgently wanted for research work at the Royal College of Science, Pupae normal form of Hemerophila abruptaria.
Duplicates.—Pupae of var. fuscata of the same species offered in exchange.—J. A. Downes, 5, Trinity Koad, Wimbledon.
Iam seeking an opportunity of exchanging Macro- and Micro-Lepidoptera with English collectors and beg to send list of duplicates.—J. Sojffner, Trautenau (Bezirksbehirde), Bohemia, Tschechoslowakische Republik.
Duplicates.—Well set British Lepidoptera all in perfect condition about 200 species.
Desiderata.—Living larvae: please send list of species obtainable.—A. Lester, 2, Pembury Road, London, N.17.
CHANGE oF AppREss.—Rey. C. R. N: Burrows, F.R.E.S., to Stanford-le-Hope, Essex : L. D. Wakeley, to 15, Berkeley Place, Wimbledon, 8.W.19: B. C. S. Warren, F.R.E.S., to 3, Augusta Mansions, Folkestone, Kent. W. Parkinson-Curtis, to 17, Princess Road, Bournemouth.
Duplicates.—Many exceedingly rare species of moths from the Mediterranean, especially Sardinia. Ask for List.
Desiderata.—British Z. exulans; D. barretti; A. nickerli-guenei; L. favicolor; H. crinanensis; Lar. ostregiata. Urgently needed.—Breeding material of all Ephestia- species except kuehniella. Will also pay cash if desired.—H. Bytinski Salz, John Innes Institution, Merton Park, London, S.W.19.
MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES.
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CONTENTS.
© Wicken eee dk: H. Donisthorpe, F.Z.S., F.R.E.S., etc. .. 29 - Contrexéville and Loequignol, France, Rev. E. B. Ashby, F. LizDi F. ‘R. E. S. 29 Nomenclature, The List, Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S., F.R..S. 32 Collecting at Ry (nr. Rouen), Ps Gs Hawker .. - age 33 Scientiric Nores.—Pseudo-Viviparity in Lepi doptera, Hy. i d (pe See 35
- Notes on Cotiectinc.—Reed Beds in Early Spring ; Rhopalocera in Co. Tyrone, 1934, Thos. Greer; Larva of P. pedaria ‘feeding on Laurel, T. Bainbrigge-Fletcher ; D. incurva (Dip.) in Cornwall, Rev. 4. Thorniey ; Unusual Foodplants of Noctuae Larvae, 7’. Bainbrigge Fletcher; C. nupta flying by day, C. Nicholson; Lepidoptera at Wandsworth, C. Nicholson; Notes on Rearing ©. exoleta from Ova, Dr. G. B. Robertson;
Oe. caerulescens in Britain, ‘Dr. M. Burr ; Local Species of Hypenoides
in Sussex, Dr. G. B. Rober tson; Diptera of Bookham and Effingham Common, L. Parmenter; The Puzzle of T. bipunctatus (Orth.), Dr. M Burr; Captures at Light and Sugar in W. Sussex, Dr. G. S. Robertson 36
- Current Norzs .. e & = oe 23 = P z= 42 | Revmws .. se 43 ‘ Spee ee _British ree Pe Yy. I. Paisier: F. R. B. S., PF. wR. H. . (357)-(360)
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ee
ee ee eS ee
CONTREXEVILLE AND LOCQUIGNOL, FRANCE. 29
Wicken Revisited. By HORACE DONISTHORPEH, F.Z.S., F.R.E.S., ete. (Department of Entomology. British Museum. Natural History.) (Continued from p. 14.)
Hemiptera (Homoptera).
Jassidae.—Tettigonia viridis, Linn. 2 ex. Limotettia frontalis, Boh. dex. Cicadula sexnotata, Fall. 1 ex.
Cercopidae.—Aphrophora myricae, Edw. 2 ex. and ab. picea, Edw. 1 ex. Philaenus spumarius, Fall. form vittatus, Fab. 1 ex. and f. popult, Fab. 1 ex. P. lineatus, Linn. 2 ex.
I am indebted to Mr. China for the names of the bugs. Many of the above species are not recorded for Wicken Fen.
ORTHOPTERA.
— Chorthippus albomarginatus, Zett. Conocephalus dorsalis, Latr., not recorded for Wicken Fen. Acrydium kiefferi, Sauley.
HYMENOPTERA.
Tenthredinidae.—Only one sawfly was obtained—Athalia cordata, Leg. two specimens being taken in Burwell Fen and one at Wicken Fen. Mr. Benson tells me this species is many brooded, which accounts for these late captures.
Formicidae.—Only one interesting ant was captured, a winged ? of Stenamma westwoodi, West., swept in Wicken Fen on 14th September. This is a new county record. Many males and winged females of Myrmica scabrinodis, Nyl., were also swept in Wicken and Burwell Fens 10th and 21st Sept., new to the Wicken List.
Ichneumonidae.—A large number of Ichneumons was taken, but of course many of these will take a very long time to be worked out. Mr. Perkins has supplied me with the short list below. Those marked with an asterisk are of most interest and most of them were new to Wicken Fen. One of the most interesting was Aritranis carnifex, Gr., but the rarest species are, no doubt, among those unnamed.
*Pimpla {Epiurus) melanopyga, Grav. 5 9 2. *Pimpla spuria, Grav.1 2. Pimpla flavicowis, Thoms. 1 ?. Tromatobia oculatoria, Fab. 1 9. *Polysphincta (Zaglyptus) varipes, Grav. 1 2. Lissonota bellator, Grav. 1 g many @ @. Lissonota sulphurifera, 2 gS. * Aritranis carnifex, Grav. 1 g 22 2. Acanthocryptus quadrispinosus, Gr.29? 2. *Schizopyga podagrica, Grav.1 g. “Homocidus ornatus, Grav. 1 ?. Bassus laetatorius, Fab. 1 9. *Promethus laticarpus, Phoms) Ie?
(To be concluded.)
Contrexéville, Vosges, France, in June, 1934, and Locquignol, Forest of Mormale, France, in July, 1934. By Rev. E. B. ASHBY, F.R.E.S., F.Z.S. (Concluded from page 9.) Hererocera.—Trochilium apiforme, Clerck.; Zygaena filipendulae, L.; Zygaena lonicerae, isp. and aberration; Macrothylacia rubi, L. ; Spilosoma (Spilarctia) lutea, L. (lubricipeda, L.); Agrotis exclamationis, L.; Leucania conigera, Fab. ; Euaoa segetis, Schitf.; Huclidia glyphica, L. ;
30 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. | 15.31.1935
Hemithea strigata, Mull.; Angerona prunaria, L.; Cabera pusaria, L.; Cabera exanthemata, Scop.; Ematurya atomaria, L.; Stona lineata, Scop.; Abraxas grossulariata, L.; Ochyre biriviata, Staint.; Rhodo- strophia vibicaria, var. strigata, Staud.; Cidaria truncata, Hufn. ; Odezia atrata, L.; Aglossa pinguinalis, L.; Spilodes verticalis, L. ; Alucita pentadactyla, L.; Cheimophila salicella, L.
Hymenoprera.—Allantus omissus, Forst.; Macrophya rustica, L. ; Salius fuscus, L.; Tenthredella mesomela, L.; Tenthredopsis litterata, Geoffr.; Vespa sylvestris, Scop.; Halictus calceatus (cylindricus), Fab. ; Apis mellifica, Li. dark form ; Protichnenmon pisorius, L.3; Lehneumon raptorius, Grav. ; Colpotrochia elegantula, Schr. ; Pimpla arctica, Lett. ; Exochilinm circum flecum, L.; Amblyteles subsericans, Grav.
Rayncora.—Troilus luridus, Fab., larva; Carpocoris purpureipennis, De G.; Graphosoma italicum, Mall. ; Lygaeus saxatalis, Scop. ; Miris dolobratus, L.; Deraeocoris ruber, L., bred, larva from Contrexéville.
Cotroprera.—Cicindela campestris, L.: Ctcindela hybrida. L.; Carabus auratus, L.; Carabus monilis, F.; Silpha thoracica, L.; Trichius fasciatus, L.; Necrophorus vespillo, L.; Necrophorus investigator, Zt.; Lamia teator, L.; Agapanthia cardui, L.; Leptura aethiops, Poda ; Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis, Su.; Lagria hirta, L.; Molytes germanus,
Neuroprera.— Chrysopa prasina, Ramb.: Osmylus maculatus, Lat. ; Panorpa communis, L.; Panorpa germanica, L.; Calopterya virgo, L.
Dierera.—Therioplectes tropicus var. bisignatus, Jaen.; Tabanus bovinus, L.; Anthrax cingulatus, Mg.; Chilosia tllustrata, Harr. ; Volucella bombylans, L.; Volucella zonaria, Poda: Chrysotoaum arcuatum, Li.
_ -Forét de Mormale, 2nd July to 12th July, 1954.—I left Coutrexé- ville early on 2nd July, and arrived the same afternoon at Le Quesnoy station via Nancy. At Le Quesnoy I was met by the’ motor car from the Grand Hétel Restaurant “La Chénaie,” at Locquignol, a small village situated in the large Forest. of Mormale, where I stayed very comfortably until 12th July. The Forest situated as it is roughly between Le Cateau and Mons, was occupied by the Germans from 1914 to 1918; they cut down portions of it and also floodedit. It is however a very good collecting centre at the present time. It has numerous rides, as well as many intersecting paths. The various small inns preserve as treasures many of the bully beef tins, etc., thrown away by our soldiers when they cleared the Germans out in the autumn of iS) re
On my arrival J found Major Twigg and Mr. Bowes of Herne Bay at the hotel. They had already found out the character of the Forest as to
the best collecting grounds, some of which were in the neighbourhood
of the Champ de Tir, a few kilometres away.
On the following Saturday, 7th July, we were joined by Dr. Scott of Ashford, Kent, and by Dr. Maclaren of Tenterden. We made an early start by car that morning for the ‘‘Champ de tir” near which
| f
- CONTREXEVILLE AND LOCQUIGNOL, FRANCE. 31
we spent the whole day and picnicked for lunch. Summer rifle practics was going on at the Champ de tir, which restricted our movemente somewhat owing to the presence of a sentry who prohibited us from using a certain area until after 5.0 p.m. During the week we had got glimpses of a doctor and Lis wite from Paris, also of Monsieur Betts and his wife from Croix, all of whom had motored to the forest to collect.
It was the excellent article by Monsieur Betts in the ‘ Amateur des papillons,” published about a year previously, on the Forest of Mormale | which decided us to go there.
We found the Apaturids, Apatura iris, and Apatura ilia mostly var. clytie, Hb., all males of both species in great abundance, the first mentioned predominating.
Dr. Twigg and Mr. Bowes took out various sampies of offal from the hotel which they laid out on the forest roads in the vicinity of the Champ de tir, so much so that the smell and unwonted sight aroused the ire of the army officers in charge of the troops who were engaged in rifle practice, and they reported it to the police. One day a policeman turned up on a bicycle with his nose as near to the ground as he could get it. He told us that we ought to have applied for leave. I interviewed the constable and told him that nothing could be done, as we were all leaving for Kngland very shortly. It was a very hot day, and he probably wanted to get home. He too agreed that nothing could be done, so he grinned a 1914-1918 grin and departed. An old friend of mine, Mr. L. Goodier who recently retired from the Bank of England, to whom | related an account of our exploits made a précis of them in the following terms: ‘‘ Total defeat of the French Army by a good old British stink!” and I don’t think that Dr. Inge ever wrote anything to beat that!
One afternoon after the others had returned to Jingland I netted what appeared to be a totally black form of d. iris, but I was so over- come with the heat and very tired after a long day, that I failed to secure this prize of the whole tour, and although | hung around the same spot for the whole of the next day, | never saw it again.
We gathered a large number of Araschnia levana gen. aest. prorsa larvae on nettles; these quickly pupated and began to emerge before I left Locquignol.
I took the following list of insects; many of the moths’ mentioned were actually captured by Mr. Bowes who very generously presented them to me.
These were mostly secured on the walk back from the Champ de tir, which we usually did in the late afternoon. It took us a little over an hour, including a short pause for refreshments at a wayside Inn near Locquignol. On the path back we generally disturbed a
number of buzzards and sparrowhawks which were sitting waiting for prey.
Raoratocera.— Papilio machaon, L.; Pieris brassicae, L.; P. napt, L.; P. rapae, L.; Leptidea sinapis, L.; Colias hyale, 1; Gonepterya rhamni, L.; Aricia medon (ayestis, Schiff.) ; Volyommatus icarus, Rott. ; Nordmannia ilicis, H.; Argynnis lathonia, l.; A, aglaia, L.; A. cydippe, L., with some specimeus of var. clesdowa, O.; A. paphia, L. ; some forms of the female ab. valesina, Esp. were in addition taken by Dr. Scott and
32 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.111.1935
Mr. Bowes. Araschnia prorsa, L.; Vanessa atalanta, L.; Aglais urticae, L.; Nymphalis polychloros, L.; 1 saw one specimen of Nymphalis antiopa, L., flying high outofreach. Polygonia c-album, L. Another member of our party captured a worn female of Limenitis popult, L., which afterwards laid a number of eggs; Limenitis camilla, L.; Pararge aegeria, L.; Pararge megera, L.; Epinephele jurtina, L.; and one nice aberration of the female with white scales on the uppersides of the hindwings. Coenonympha pamphilus, L.; Aphantopus hyperantus, L. ; Erynnis tages, L.; Adopoea flava, Poda; Ochlodes sylvanus (venata), B. and G.
Heterocera.— Macroglossum stellatarum, Li. : Callimorpha dominula, L.: Miltochrista miniata, Forst.; Cybosta mesomella, Li. ; Comacia senea, Hubn.; Lithosia lurideola, Zinck.; Lithosia rubricollis, L.; Herialus hectus, L.; Orgyia gonostigma, Fabr.; Plusia chrysitis, L.; Bankia argentula, Hubn.; Mrastria fasciana, L.; Hypena proboseidalis, L. ; Boarmia repandata, L.; Hyria muricata, Hubn.; Hupithecia rectanyu- lata, Li.; black var. Mesoleuca albicillata, L.; Cabera pusaria, L.; Bapta temerata, Hiibn.; Huchoeca obliterata, Huin.; Minoa murinata, Scop. ; Larentia pomoeriaria, Ev.; Cidaria pyraliata, Sv.; Lomaspilis maryinata, L.; Ochyria biriviata, Borkh.; Everyestis straminalis, Hitibn.; Psammotis lanceolatus, Schift.; Pandemis heparana, Schiff. ; Harpella forficella, Scop.
Hymenoptrera.—Ichneumon stramentarius, Grav.; Vespa crabro, L. ; Colletes succincta, L.
Co.roptEera.—Cicindela ‘campestris, L.; Carabus montlis var. consitus, Pz.; Pterostichus madidus, F.; Pterostichus niger, Sl.; Pterostichus melanarius, Ulig.; Agabus melanartus, Ab.; Stlpha obscura, L.; Geo- trupes silvaticus, Panz.; Chrysomela varians, Sl.; Tenebrio molitor, L. ; Lagria hirta, L.; Pyrochroa coccinea, L.
Neuroptera.—Chrysopa alba, L.; Calopteryx virgo, L.
Dierera.—Haematopota pluvialis, L.; EHristalis nemorum, L.; Aylota sylvarum, L.
On leaving Locquignol I motored to Aulnoye station instead of Le Quesnoy. It is better to use Aulnoye station in both arriving and leaving, there are cobble stones to be motored over by both routes ; but far less of these between Locquignol and Aulnoye. All the best
trains stop at Aulnoye. In conclusion I must thank those many naturalists who have so
kindly helped me to make this article correct.
Nomenclature. The List. By Hy. J. TURNER, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S.
(Continued from p. 21.) Syrichthus, Bdv. malvae, L. becomes Syrichtus, Bdv. malvae, L.
For many years in this country, on the Continent and in America, malvae and all species congeneric with malvae, have been placed in the
COLLECTING AT RY (NR, ROUEN). 33
genus Hesperia, and this name has been exclusively used in catalogues, memoirs, larger works, and general magazines.
Syrichthus is wrongly spelled. It should be Syrichtus, Bdv. - Seudder, Hist. Sketch. 278, says that this name is invalid as a genus
name since it is that of a species, which must be included in the genus. ef. Cossus cossus which is accepted.
The List contains the simple statements (1) That Hesperia, Eb.,. is not available. (2) That Pyrgus, Hb. is not available as its type is syrichtus, Fb., which is not (now?) congeneric with malvae, L. (3) Plotz (1879) fixed the type of the genus Syrichtus as malvae, L. In Generic Names, p. 165, the author makes this last statement as to the action of Plotz (who called it sao!!) and makes the definite further statemert “thatthe name Syrichtus, Bdv., is thus a synonym of Pyrgus, Hb. Regarding Pyrgus, Hb. on the same page the author gives the type of Pyrqus as laid down by Westwood (1841) as malvae L. Thus the name Syrichtus is there definitely turned down. The whole of this appears to be a complete muddle.
Careful investigation points out that Hesperia, Fb. is the correct generic name to use for malvae, L. The list and ‘‘ Generic Names”’ at considerable. trouble endeavours to point to comma as the type of Hesperia, but comma, L. had already been selected by Barbut as a species typical of Urbicola, in 1781, and thus was not available.
Scudder analyses the position of Hesperia thus:
Fabricius, Ent. Sys. (1793) gives Urbicolae with 118 species includ- ing malvae.
Cuvier, Tab. Elem. cites malvae (but his malvae is not the malvae of Linnaeus).
Latreille, Consid. (1810) selects proteus, malvae and morpheus as the most suitable representatives of Hesperia; hence the type must be one of these three species.
Dalman, Vetensk. (1816) cites comma, which is doubly invalid.
Many other authors cite types for this genus but all invalid until
Scudder Syst. Rev. (1872) definitely selects malvae.
If one wishes to verify the above, the references are Scudder Hist. Sketch. (1875) pp. 187, 260, 278, Hemming Generic Names (1934) pp.
165, 170. (To be concluded.)
Collecting at Ry (nr. Rouen), 17th-29th August, 1934. By P. C. HAWKER.
Ry is situated 24km. east of Rouen and 150m. above sea-level : the soil is chalky and there are rolling downs with several large woods on the slopes and an occasional river ; the fields were mostly stubble and clover, and a few grass. As far as 1 know this district has not been well worked so I thought one or two items of interest might be found. I was here in 1980 at about the same time of year and one or two changes in the Rhopalocera seem of interest, although the climate and locality are so like England.
Pararye aegeria, .—Was very common in woods and lanes but it did not differ from the English forms.
Melanargia (Satyrus) galathea, L.—In spite of the lateness of the
34 ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 15.111.1985
season here this species, abundant in 1930 in the first week in August, was absent. 1 did not see even a battered specimen.
Epinephele (Maniola) tithonus, L.—Was found sparingly aut did not exhibit any variation.
E. jurtina, L.—Varied a good deal towards albinism, and although I worked hard I could get no really good var.
Coenonympha pamphilus, L.—Was everywhere and seemed much darker than the English form.
Argynnis aylaia, li4—Was very common and found almost every- where but it was rather damaged. It occurred in much the same places as dia.
Brenthis dia, L.—Came out first on the 22nd and by the time I left was to be found in dozens at the edges of woods. It showed no variation.
Pyrametis (Vanessa) cardui, L., and P. atalanta, L.—Were almost entirely absent: I saw only one atalanta. Immigration of these two Vanessas was bad this year possibly owing to the drought.
Limenitis camilla, Li. (sibilia, L.).—Of which I found several in early August in 1930 all damaged, was of course absent this time.
Avaschnia levana var. prorsa, li.—Was also absent this year, although I took one perfect g in 19380.
Polyommatus coridon, Poda.—Varied a great deal although it was not very plentiful and was confined to one field. It first appeared as © far as I know on the 20th Aug., whereas it appeared on 19th July at Winchester, 4 days earlier than 1983. Here I managed to capture one ? (ab. et var.) syngrapha, Keff.; [also managed to obtain some és which showed slight signs towards albinism, and one ? was very dark.
Aricia medon (agestis, Schiff.) and Polyommatus icarus, Rott.— Were both common.
Cyraniris semiargus, Rott.—Was absent this year although I caught one in 1930, close to the village.
Polyommatus dorylas, Hb. (hylas, Esp.).—Was sparingly taken; I only got 1 @ and2 gs but I saw one or two more gs. (Rumicia phiaeas, Li. did not occur this year.)
Strymon w-album, Knoch.—Was found on brambles in 1980, but this year 1 was far too late for them.
Colias croceus, Foure.—Was in dozens in 1930 but was entirely absent this year.
C. hyale, .—However, was indozens. These reached a maximum of about 24 per field on 22nd Aug., percentage of 9: gf -« 34: 66 the former being partial to clover. They became more faded at the end of my stay: the weather conditions were dry anticyclonic.
The three Pieris are common here and /. cardamines, L., occurs in the spring as J found some wings in a cobweb. Gonepterya rhamni, L., is also found.
Papilio machaon, L.—Was found this year. I was given a speci- men taken by a pond on July 14th. I caught one g flying in a stubble field where C, hyale was common: I also saw one other in this place, and one flew over me at a great height down in the valley. They were considerably darker than most English forms; the one I captured was however a little worn.
Nisoniades (Evynnis) tayes, L,—I got this one.on my last day (29th).
SCIENTIFIC NOTES. an
It is different from the forms I have taken at Winchester but does not seem to be a var. after comparing it with the series in the B.M.
Urbicola comma.—Was very common but of little interest except in the lateness of its emergence, it being nearly over at the end of July at Winchester and in fresh condition here on the 17th.
I only saw 1 specimen of Macroylossum stellatarum, L., so common this year in England.
I did little work in other Orders, but wil] describe what I did get.
On my first day I took 1 Vespa crabro, which was by a nest which had been bored in a fir tree. We saw many others after this date. I took the common dragonfly Sympetrum striolatum, and 3 common Syrphids Sphaerophoria scripta, Syrphus vitripennis, Mg., and Melano- stoma mellinum, L. 9. Lalso took Pentatoma juniperina, L., Neotti- glossa inflexa, Wolff., and one or two other, but unnamed, Hemiptera and Homoptera.
I also took the scorpion fly, which is local in England, Panorpa cognata, Ramb. and two Orthoptera: one Oedipoda caerulescens, L. (which corroded through a white pin in about a week), the other was
_Pteronemobius sylvestris. :
The weather was perfect for collecting except for the last day on
which we had heavy showers.
SCIENTIFIC NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS.
PsrupDo-Viviparity IN’ Leprpoprera.—In the Mut. News for ]ebru- ary, A. B. Klots, New York, records another case of pseudo- viviparity. In Colias hecla, he found a well-developed, first-instar larva in the oviduct of a female of this species. There are now numerous cases of such findings recorded, but always a solitary larva. He discusses the possibility of the future development of general viviparity in the Order Lepidoptera. Such suggestion seems beside the mark altogether. There is a critical point in the ? oviduct, where the duct from the bursa (where the g sperm has been stored) joins it, and as each ovum passes, it is fertilized by a charge from this. Ifa 2 butterfly be killed immediately the single ovum has received the charge, it would appear that, although the poison (or etc.) stopped the life functions of the perfect insect, it would have no effect whatever on the fertilized ovum which had become an absolutely separate organism independent of the life of the parent, and it would be able to 90 on developing in due course, in the oviduct, over which there was ‘now no control. If by chance the abdomen of a female killed at such a critical moment be examined some while later, one may expect always to find a first instar larva in the oviduct below the bursa duct inlet, but never more than one. The whole thing is a mere accident, which would not occur were there not an outside influence to cause stoppage of life function at the critical moment. Rev. C. R. N. Burrows has considered this phenomenon very carefully for some time and the above is to him the only solution possible. In the near future he will probably pursue this question further. Already the plate to illustrate his article has been prepared.—Hy.J.T.
36 ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 15.11.1925
JOTES ON COLLECTING, ete.
Reep Beps 1x Karty Sprinc.—Searching reed beds (Phragmites) in daylight during March and April is often a good way of getting © _ larvae of species not easily obtained in other ways. Any well reeded pond or ditch can be tried and in many places larvae of Leucanta obsoleta, L. straminea and also of Senta ulvae can be taken, all of which are easy to rear, vary greatly, and need to be freshly emerged to be seen in their true beauty. All three species are dependent on finding an open reed stem or similar hollow stem among reeds for a hiding place while feeding up and for pupation later, and as there are seldom a great many opened reeds in any given reed bed, the collector, who will look for such and carefully open up the stems, stands a good chance of a reasonable bag.
Last year’s reeds broken by the wind or bored by the larvae of Nonagria geminipuncta are easily seen at this early time of year, when the new reed stems are only just appearing through the mud. L. obsoleta larva was full fed in the last days of September or early October, and having entered a dead stem, sealed itself in, and there rests until it pupates in late May. A good sized stem is chosen for obvious reasons, and if this is one with an open end toward sky the sealing cap is nearly always at the top and can be seen. But when the hole is in the side the sealing cap is inside the stem and may be above or below the hole. Careful opening up of the segment with a knife is required.
L. straminea is quite a small larva yet and S. wlvae although, to all intents and purposes, full size, is also able to use quite a small stem. Neither of these seals itself in before May, as until then they come out on mild, damp nights and walk about. The procedure is the same as for L. obsoleta; pare away the open reed segment from top to bottom. Once a larva is found, continue to work close around, they are often found in little groups.
When the resting larva of L. obsoleta is located, cap over the opened up larva with a segment of larger diameter reed and stand upright on slightly damped sand until late May when pupation has taken place, when remove the capping reed section.
Larvae of S. uwlvae are liable to bite one another when freshly taken if at all crowded. Take home separately and put in a good sized cage with a good supply of open reed segments, several for each larva, as the larvae eat the lining of the dead stems. Moisture is essential or they become cannibal. Spraying once a week will prevent this and mutton fat is also accepted as a food and prevents cannibal tendencies in my experience.
L. straminea larvae are found in the same way as the larvae of S. _ulvae and are easily reared like any other /eucania, the food of course being Phragmites where there isa growth of Phalaris grass (wild ribbon- grass) on the bank. The larvae of Apamea ophiogramma are often plentiful; they feed in the lowest part of the stem and the affected plant is easily detected by its red-brown leaves. ‘These so easily seen on close inspection, are not very noticeable until looked for. But below the earth or mud level as far as possible; the larva is right at the bottom and will feed on ribbon grass stems. Pupation takes place in early May in the earth.
NOTES ON COLLECTING. 37
RwopaLocera 1N Co Tyrone, 1934 wira Nores on Varration.—The past year has been a wonderful one for most of the local butterflies in this district. The weather in the early months was mild and genial ; and there was more than the usual amount of sunshine during May and June. Nymphalis io, L., was the first to put in an appearance on 16th April, and hibernated individuals were to be seen almost every- where during May and early June, the last, a very tattered specimen, was Observed on 14th June. In the autumn it was about in enormous numbers ; fields of scabious were a moving mass of the butterfly ; and over thirty were observed at one time at Buddleia in the garden. Other species present were Pieris brassicae, P. napi, 1. rapae, a very worn Argynnis paphia, Aglais urticae, common, Pararye meyera, and Rumicia (Heodes) phlaeas. In May Huchloé cardamines, L., was out in its usual numbers; a female with the forewings on upper -and under- side primrose yellow, form ochrata, mihi., another female with apex and outer area of forewings tinted with pale yellow, the yellow colour occupying the same area as the usual orange blotch in the male. Pieris napi, L., was less abundant than in the previous year, and no striking forms were captured ; the dry weather of that year being no doubt responsible. In 1983 several banded forms *ab. interjuncta, Cabean, occurred. This may be a rare aberration in Belgium, but locally it is a fairly recurrent form. The spring brood of Pieris brassicae, L., was abundant and several forms (not abs.) nigronotata, Jachn., were netted, one of which is also of the form marginata, G.-Smith.
Larvae of Huphydryas aurinia, Rott. were more abundant than for many years; larval nests being found even on roadside banks and also in the highland district at 800 feet near the town of Pomeroy.
The larva of this species seems to be very tenacious of life, as a number of nests was found in the Spring on ground, the herbage of which had been burnt a short time previously; the foodplant being scorched and blackened, but the larvae seemed quite unaffected and were collected here and there in little groups, or roaming about in search of food, but difficult to distinguish on the blackened turf.
It may be only a coincidence that on 16th June an aberration was captured here; the description is as follows :—
Maus. Forewings, base smoky black with dark red spot on costa, three fulvous blotches on discal area, outer and inner margins smoky black. Hindwings, entirely smoky black with a faint trace of blackish red towards the base, on outer margin, a series of red dots with black centres. Underside, base of forewings fulvous red streaked with black lines, hindwings, basal portion reddish, marked with black lines, the remainder of the wings pale yellow with a row of faint black sub- marginal dots. On the underside this aberration is not unlike a variety of athalia figured by Frohawk in the Hntom. 1907, page 193.
Coenonympha tullia (tiphon, Rott.) was fairly abundant on the bogs at Washing Bay on Lough Neagh. (J be continued).—THos. GREER.
Lagva OF PaIGALIA PEDARIA FEEDING ON Lauret.—In the summer of 1934 I found in my garden a larva of Phigalia pedaria, Fabr., feed- ing on Laurel leaves; these it continued to eat until full-grown and the moth, a male, has emerged to-day. A few larvae have been recorded on Laurel from time to time, but it is a noteworthy foodplant and the only larva which I have found on it previously (at West
38 _ ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.111.1935
Norwood, about 1892) is Orgyia antigua, Linn. The Laurel referred to here is the ordinary poisonous Laurel of which the leaves make a good killing-bottle.—T. Bainsrigck FiLercuer, Rodborough. 27th February, 1985.
Discomyza rincurva, Fun., 1x CornwaLty.—Hxamining a small collection of little flies taken in Cornwall during the last two years, I was pleased to find two examples of the rare Discomyza tncurva, Fln. One taken on the Lelant sandhills 26.viil.82, and the other at Gurnard’s Head near Zennor on 81.viii.84. These two localities, both on the North Coast, are about six miles apart so that the species seems. to occur throughout a rather wide district.—Rev. A. Taornuxy, M.A., F.L.8. ;
Unusuat Fooprrants or Nocrurp LarvaE.—Acronicta rumicis, Linn., usually feeds in my garden on Polygonum colvolvulus; on 8.x.1934 I found a larva feeding on a leaf of Garden Rhubarb (Rheum) on which it continued to feed until it spun up on 21st October. In June, 1934, I found in my garden a larva of Naenia typica, Linn., on Groundsel, and a larva of Amphipyra trayopogonis, Linn., on Garden Parsley; they fed up on these foodplants and emerged in due course.—T. BarnsricGE Friercuer, Rodborough. 26th February, 1935.
CaTOcAaLA NUPTA FLYING By Day.—Mr. Donistborpe’s observation of an example of this species flying and settling on a cottage walls in the sun is extremely interesting and, I suspect, very unusual, as nupta is not ordinarily a day, as well as a night, flier, and, even if it were dis- tributed, would scarcely remain in evidence longer than would be necessary to find cover again. It would be useful to know whether there are any previous observations.—C. Nicuonson, Tresillian, Corn- wall. [I once saw C. nupta sitting on a fence in the late afternoon sunshine at the top of Shirley Heath.—Hy.J.T.]
Lepipoptera at Wanpsworra.—Major Dick’s list of Lepidoptera occurring within a mile’s radius of Wandsworth Common station, 1s interesting for its inclusion as well as its omissions, compared with Clapton, a N.E. London suburb in which I spent about half my life and collected for about 20 years in the garden and neighbourhood. The insect that seems perhaps most remarkable in Major Dick’s list is Metachrostis perla, because one doesn’t expect to find much in the lichen way in a London suburb; and I was surprised to see Hipocrita jaco- baeae also; but perhaps ragwort is not uncommon in 8. London, though I never saw any near Clapton. Neither Acidalia sylvestraria nor A. fuscovenosa ever turned up anywhere near Clapton either, but on the other hand did Major Dick never meet with Hupithecta oblongata, I. asstmilata, or :. subnotata? The first was common in our Clapton garden, the second occasionally—perhaps they don’t grow currants in the Springfield Hospital grounds!—and the last named common amongst goosefoot on waste ground.
Ennomos fuscantaria seems unusual for such a close-in suburb, but we used to get /. quercinaria on doors and fences at Clapton, and I once found a patch of its eggs on a garden door. Did Major Dick ever see var, perfumaria of Boarmia yemmaria at Wandsworth? We never
NOTES ON COLLECTING. 39
saw any other form at Clapton and the larvae used to eat the green bark of our white jasmine, betraying their presence during the winter by the light green patches thus caused by the half-inch-long larvae which my sister and | used to amuse ourselves by trying to find ; some- times they were close to these patches (and often in or near a withered leaf), and sometimes they were an inch or two away; when we were completely baffled, a puff of breath or a slight tap caused the larva to move in some way and reveal its presence. Their favourite food is ivy. We never saw Hepialus sylvina, but H. lupulina was common, and also H. humuli on neighbouring waste grassy land. The last does not appear in Major Dick’s list.—C. Nicuouson, Tresillian, Truro, Corn- wall.
Some Nores on a Metuop or Rearinc CALocAMPA EXOLETA FROM Ova.—Several dozen ova laid in the spring of 1934 were kept in glass- topped metal boxes until they were about a quarter full-fed. They were then transferred to large flower pots and tins with lino covers until full fed and formation of their cocoons. Several different food- plants were tried, but dock was preferred, so they were all given this throughout.
During the long period of summer drought the flower pots and tins were buried in the ground, in a shady spot, to about three-quarters of their depth, and the earth around was kept moist by sprinkling water outside.
HKarth was put inside each pot and tin to a depth of several inches for pupation. It was noticeable that nearly all the cocoons were placed deeply; they were large, also very loosely constructed with earth and silk: Many of the pupae were removed from their cocoons and emerged quite as satisfactorily as those left intact. The larvae did not turn to pupae for many days after constructing their cocoons, some still ‘‘ resting’ larvae being noticed after about 14 days. I am indebted to Dr. Cockayne for supplying the ova. The newly emerged imagines were extremely active before they expanded their wings. There was practically no variation in the resulting series.—Gero. S. Ropertson, M.D. Storrington, W. Sussex.
Oxgpiropa caERULESCENS, L., in Brirain.—‘ A solitary specimen of Oedipoda caerulescens, L., was obtained by E. T. Price at Hugh Town, St. Mary’s, Scilly, in 1908. The bright blue of its wings had attracted a good deal of attention from the passers-by, and the insect nad been badly knocked about by ineffectual attempts at capture on the part of several islanders.”
The above is an extract from p. 8 of a paper entitled ‘‘ The Orthop- tera of Cornwall,” by James Clark, M.S., D.Se., A.R.C.S., reprinted from the Report of the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society for 1907.
Will somebody please go to Scilly in August and find some more ? It should be looked for on dry, open ground, sandy or rocky, in sunny places. It is almost invisible when settled, but the blue flash of the wings is unmistakable.
Personally, I find it harder to swallow the “ passing ship’’ theory than the ‘‘ Lusitanian relict’ theory, and the ‘‘ introduced in shrubs, fruit or vegetables ’”’ theory is also indigestible. This creature lives in waste ground and js active. It is best caught with a butterfly net,
40 ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 15.11.1935
It would probably have been noticed, if it existed on the mainland, but islands often conceal surprises.
It should be looked for in southern Ireland too. This beautiful creature is worth an effort.—Matcotm Burr. (D.Sc., F.R.E.S.).
Two Loca Spectres or Hyeenrpes in W. Sussex.—Tholomiyes (Schrankia) turfosalis was plentiful on 18th July in a damp clearing in a wood, settling on rushes and flying slowly low down amongst the tall erasses at early dusk.
Hypenodes costaestriyalis was less common, but taken at ‘sugar’ aud flying at dusk on 14th August and 2nd October; it appears to be less local than turfosalis here.
Hypenodes taenialis (albistrigalis) comes rarely to light.—G. S. Rosertson, M.D. ‘‘ Struan,’’ Storrington.
Dierera on Booxknam anp EFriIncHAmM Commons, Surrey.—At a London Nat. Hist. Society’s excursion to Kiffingham and Bookham Comwon on 26th August, 1934, I collected some Diptera, which I venture to list below, although most may be quite common in that district. Those caught on Bookham Common were all taken at the almost dry ponds and connecting marshes; those at Effingham, either on the Common or in Barnthorns Wood.
Booxsaam Common.—Pyrophaena granditarsa, Forster,2 ¢ g 1 2, P. rosarum, Fas. 1 2, Syrphus balteatus, Deg. 9 9, S. diaphanus, Zett. 1 3, Sphaerophoria scripta, L. 1 2, Rhingia campestris, Mg.1 ¢, Volucella inanis, 1 ¢ 12, both on the Water Mint (Mentha aquatica, L.), Hristalts arbustorum, L. 3, E. pertinax, Scop. g gf, EH. nemorum, L. ¢ 2, Helophilus pendulus, L.1 3, Xylota segnis, L. 1 9, Syritta pipiens, L. 2, Conops quadrifasciata, Deg. 1 9, Hchinomyia fera, L. g 2 on the Water Mint, Scatophaga stercoraria, L. § 2 , Tetanocera unicolon. law. Lg:
Errixenam.—Sargus tridatus, Scop. 1 ¢ , Melanostoma scalare, Fab. 3 2, Syrphus balteatus, Deg. 3-2, S. cinctellus, Zett. 1 gf, S. ribest, L., S. albostriatus, Fin. 1 9, Sphaerophoria menthastri, L. var. picta, Mg. 1 g, 8S. seripta, L. 3 9, Xanthoyramma ornatum, Mg. 2 oo, Ascia podagrica, Fab. 1 9, Rhingia campestris, Mg. 1 2, Volucella pellucens, L. 1 9, EHvistalis arbustorum, L. 3 9 , E. pertinax, Scop.% 2, KH. nemorum, Ll. gf, Myiatropa florea, L. 1 9, Helophilus pendulus, L. 1 9, Xylota segnis, L. 1 9, Syritta pipiens, L. & 2, Humerus vrnatus, Mg. 1 3, Chrysochlamys cuprea, Scop. 1 2, Chrysotoaum bicinctum, L192, Conops quadrifasciata, Deg. 3 2, C. flavipes, L129, Sicus ferrugineus, Li. (taken by Mr. H. J. Burlnil), Mehinomyia fera, Li. Se, EKriothria rufomaculata, Deg. 2, Graphomyia maculata, Scop. 1 @ , Phaonia basalis, Gett. 1 @.
The identification of S. diaphanus bas been confirmed by Mr. R. L. Coe of the British Museum (Natural History) to whom and his colleagues I owe many thanks for assistance in identifying my flies.— L. Parmenter. 94, Fairlands Avenue, Thornton Heath, Surrey.
Tae Pozzue or “ Trertrx Breuncratum.’’—Most entomologists, espec- ially those who use the sweep-net, are familar with the squat, brown, horny little grasshopper that is generally known by theabovename. It is nearly all pronotum and, normally, cannot fly. Abundant as it is,
NOTES ON COLLECTING. 4]
and generally known, there remain several problems connected with ib.
It differs in habits from other grasshoppers, being adult in spring and early summer, the adults giving place to immature ones about midsummer, the new generation hibernating and appearing fully grown in the following May.
It is now recognised that no less than three species have been con- fused under this name, for which reason, material is needed from districts as widely separated as possible. The distinctions are very slight, but constant. The clearest is the form of the middle segments of the antennae.
In the typical species, bipwnctatum of Linnaeus, these are very short, about twice as broad as long. ‘This appears to be a northerly species, and is known to occur in Scotland, but is not yet known from England. These segments are somewhat longer, about three times as long as broad, in kieffert, Sauley, which is more southerly, and seems to be the only one of the three known in Iingland. ‘They are four times as long in tenuicorne, Sablb., which is not known from Britain, or Seand- inavia.
The question is also complicated by the existence of polymorphism.
‘Hajj, in his analysis of the Swedish species, recognises three forms of
kiefferi, and no less than five of kraussi, which is now established to be a synonym of bipunctatum, by Alder.
It is very desirable to establish the status of our British species, to map their areas of distribution, both horizontally and vertically. Entomologists in the field will assist very much if they will collect material, especially from the north of England, from Scotland, and from Ireland.
I may add that, unfortunately, we are obliged now to call the genus Acrydium. —Matcoum Burr, D.Se., F.R.E.S., United University Club, Pall Mall East, London, 8.W.1.
Capturss at Licgut anp Sugar in W. Sussex.—During the second week in April, 1934, light attracted Taentocampa gracilis, Pachnobia rubricosa, Harophila badiata (common), Nothopteryx (Lobophora) car- pinata, Calostigia multistriyaria, E'ctropis bistortata (dark form).
17th April:—Demas coryli, Nothopteryx (Lobophora) polycommata, Selenia bilunaria f. illunaria (common), Xylocampa areola, T. incerta (pale form), 7’. munda, one very paleand almost without spotting ; it was exhibited at the South London Entomological Society.
1st to 6th May :—Hypena rostralis, Orneodes hexadactyla, Xanthorhoe jerrugata, Hemerophila abruptaria, Huphytia silaceata, Pachycnemia hippo- castanaria, Drymonia chaonia g , Demas coryli 2.
10th May :—Larva, nearly full fed, of Cirrhoedia werampelina seen ascending ash trunk at late dusk.
14th to 20th May:—Anaygoga pulveraria §, Lithina chlorosata (petraria) (common), Xanthorhoé fluctuata, Cabera pusaria, Gonodontis bidentata.
21st to 27th May :—Xanthorhoé unidentaria (common), Perizoma flavofasciata (common), Agrotis cinerea J, Dianthoecia cucubali.
19th to 24th June :— Ptychopoda (Acidalia) aversata, C. pusaria, Todis lactearia, Pseudoterpna pruinata (cytisaria), adore nana (den-
49, ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.11.1935
tina), Plusia chrysitis, Rivula sericealis, Ayrotis corticea and A. eaclama- tionts, Leucania comma, Mupithecia eaiquata, Plagodis dolabraria.
22nd June:—At ‘sugar’ Grammesta trigrammica (trilinea) was common and Theretra porcellus at flowers of Rhododendron.
31st July:—One Leucania albipuncta was obtained at sugar ; several were taken by others in the district.
8rd week Sept. :—Hadena protea, common at light.
25th Sept.:—At heht Calocalpe cervinalis, Plusia gamma.
29th Sept.:—At ‘sugar’: Xylina semibrunnea, one; Amathes lychnidis (pistacina), A. circellaris, Orrhodia vaccinii, all common; A. litura, two. .
1st Oct. :—Chesias leyatella (spartiata) at light.
19th to 25th Nov.:—Erannis (flybernia) aurantiaria (common), Gonoptera libatria, Operophtera brumata 2, O. boreata several, Colotois pennaria several, all males.—Guro. 8S. Rosertson, M.D.
GXYJURRENT NOTES AND SHORT NOTICKS.
We are informed that the Socy. for Brit. Entomology is to hold a Congress of its Members at Oxford in July, with Prof. Hale-Carpenter, F.L.8., F.R.E.S., in the Chair.
The following Members are elected Officers and Council of the South London Entomological & Natural History Society for the ensuing year :—
President, E. E. Syms, F.R.E.S. Vice- Presidents, T. R. Hagles, M. Niblett. Hon. Z'reasurer, A. Hi. Tonge. Hon. Librarian, EK. EK. Syms. Hon. Editor of Proceedings, H. J. Turner. Hon. Secretaries, 8. N. A. Jacobs, H. J. Turner. Hon. Lanternist, J. H. Adkin. Council, R. W. Attwood, F. J. Coulson, H. G. Denvil, P. Bainbrigge-Fletcher, M.Sc., J. A. Downes, C. G. M. De Worms, M.A., F. Stanley-Smith, Mrs. M. Stanley-Smith, G. V. Bull, B.A., M.B., H. King, D.Se., F.B.S.
The following Fellows are elected Officers and Council of the Royal Entomological Society of London for the ensuing year :—
President, S. A. Neave, M.A., D.Sc. Vice- Presidents, C. L. Collenette, H. Eltringham, F.R.S., A. D. Imms, F.R.S. Treasurer, Francis Hemming. Secretary, A. W. McKenny-Hughes. Other Members of the Counctl, Professor W. A. Balfour-Browne, Professor P. A. Buxton, Professor G. D. Hale Carpenter, Brigadier W. H. Evans, G. Fox- Wilson, kK. Jordan, F.R.S., R. Stewart MacDougall, D.Sc., N. D. Riley, J. Simes, W. H. Thorpe, M.A., C. B. Williams, D.Sc.
A Meeting of the Entomological Club was held at the Junior Carlton Club on 4th December, 1984, Mr. H. Willoughby Ellis in the Chair. Members present in addition to the Chairman :—Mr. H. St. J. K. Donisihorpe, Prof. E. B. Poulton, F.R.S., Mr. Jas. H. Collin, Dr. Harry Eltringham, Mr. W. J. Kaye. Visitors present :—Major EK. E. Austen, Mr. H. HE. Andrewes, Dr. K. G. Blair, Mr. C. Lh. Collenette, Mr. H. M. Edelsten, Mr. F. W. Frohawk, Mr. J. C. F. Fryer, Dr. Karl Jordan, F.R.S., Sir Guy A. K. Marshall, C.M.G., F.B.S., Dr. 8. A. Neave, O.B.E., Mr. W. Rait Smith, Dr. Hugh Scott, Mr. W. 4H. 'l’. Tams, Mr. C. J. Wainwright. After dinner Mr, J. K. Collin exhibited three pairs of a rare British Dipteron (the Asilid Hypitriptus arthriticus, Zeller) captured by him on Breckles Heath, Norfolk, on 11th July this year. ‘This species is known to occur from Southern
REVIEWS. 48
Sweden down to Austria, but only one specimen had previously been found in this country, which, though taken in 1907 by the late Lord Walsingham near Merton in Norfolk, remained unrecognised until 1932 when Mr. B. M. Hobby found it in the Hope Department at Oxford and published a note about it in the Mntomologist’s Monthly Magazine for June of that year. The species is evidently still to be found on the sandy heaths of this part of Norfolk in spite of the changed conditions by afforestation of large areas since 1907. A long and interesting evening was spent.
WEVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS.
Through the kindness of the author, Mr. Francis Hemming, P’.R.1.S., we have received a copy of his work, ‘‘ The Generic Names of the Holarctic Butterflies,’ Vol. I. 1758-1863, published by Order of the Trustees of the British Museum. The compilation of a work of this character is a thankless task, since no one agrees with the results which are arrived at. Every critic has his own pet names, which he sees are perfectly correct according to the premises which he himself has set up more or less correctly, just as did the author. Some portions of the work which have been provisionally adopted by the Royal Entomological Society have already been criticised in the pages of this magazine.
That the work has been done in our British Museum has ensured that all references are first hand. With the great libraries of the British Museum, of the Royal Entomological Society and of the Linnean Society there must have been scarcely a single work of refer- ence to which the author had to refer by deputy. Knowing personally the extremely careful work and method of the author we feel sure that his data and results are as near perfect, under the restrictive lines he has laid down for himself, as is humanly possible.
But our criticism is partly the old one that the investigation is under Zoological auspices and not Entomological. The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and its Zoologically inspired interpre- tations of these rules (Recommendations, Opinions, etc.) form a difficult track to follow, particularly as followed rigidly some of them are silly. The authors enacted these rules, not to be rigidly carried out, but to be used as lines of action where absolutely necessary (e.g. the homonym rule, which duplicated a vast number of names and has made already complicated nomenclature ‘‘ worse confounded.”’). Then our Code makers have endeavoured to enforce rules made under modern conditions and experience, on the work of entomologists generations ago, making in many cases a hopeless muddle, instead of clearing the way and simplifying our nomenclature.
Again we must point out that our British National Committee on Entomological Nomenclature is quietly pushed out.—Hy.J.T.
Tan Comeitete Book or Britisa Burrerruies. By F. W. Frohawk, F_.R.E.S., M.B.O.U. With 82 plates in colour and 160 illustrations. Large octavo. Price 10/6. Messrs. Ward-Lock and Co.—This is an exellent book in many respects. It is most profusely illustrated. To say 32 plates does not convey to one the suggestion that these plates contain nearly 650 coloured figures of imagines, typical of both sexes
44 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.111.1935
and many aberrations, larvae and critical segments of the same, pupae and ova. Necessarily these figures have had to be crowded and hence the artistic appearance of the plates is not what one would wish and the colours are in many figures vivid and not soft as in Nature. However the intended information conveyed by them is full and complete. On the other hand the 160 drawings scattered throughout the letter- press make up for this in their artistic beauty of execution, and, illustrating, as they do, the habits and natural surround of the various species, form no mean addition to the personal information in the letterpress. The author has bred every species from the ovum, has met with every species and almost every stage of every species in Nature, and the information he has thus obtained is briefly but amply given in the text. In fact the illustration and information in this book is pheno- menal for such a low priced production and we only hope that the author will be sufficiently recompensed for his labour of love.
The technique of Rearing from the Egg, Collecting, Setting, with Notes on Aberration, Migration and Protective Resemblance, and the Foodplants of the Larvae are all briefly discussed. No opportunity of introducing special biological facts is passed in the specific accounts, such as the anal comb of the large ‘‘ Skipper,” the resting head down- wards of the “ Blues,” the hibernating position of the Brimstone head upwards, the Ant carrying the larva of the large ‘“ Blue,” the social nest of Melitaea cinwia larvae, the variation in resting habits, and so on.
In fact the volume is a happy combination of a book for the sitting- soom table, a book for the collector, a book for the ardent student, and for the average naturalist and lover of Nature with an aptitude for natural artistic beauty.
The names suggested by the Royal Entomological Society are used but variations occur: aurinea, polychlorus, ageria. It seems that with fresh names which the average consultant has no means of tracing, the generaliy-used names should also be indicated, e.g., tullia, venata, agestis, sylvestris, cydippe, etc. The List is called ‘‘ International.” It is no such thing and may never become so in its present state.
Tae Inverteprats Fauna or NotrInGHAMSHIRE (SUPPLEMENT). By Prof. J. W. Carr, M.A., F.L.8., F.R.E.S., ete. pp. 288.—The Main Volume was issued in 1916 after many years of preparation by the Members of the Nottingham Naturalists Society, and consisted of a huge mass of records on all Orders, giving locality, dates and name of recorder for every species, arranged in scientific order. The volume consisted of over 600 pages of brief notes. Needless to say the Lepi- doptera and Coleoptera took up no mean share of the pages; about 260 together. In the volume just issued the deficiencies in the records for Diptera and Hymenoptera are well made up. To the former (90 pp.) are added a further 121 pp. and to the latter (87 pp.) a further 80 pp. are added. Prof. Carr seems to have been ably supported by many interested members and others so that many records are attached to most species. The whole work is an admirable compilation, an immense fund of information upon which to base other faunistic work in the County. One would have liked an introductory Description of the area, as to geological formation, geographical facts, details as to cultivation, open country, water areas, etc., elevation and climate. The volumes are well got up and the matter admirably displayed.
>
All MS. and EDITORIAL MATTER should be sent and all PROOFS returned to Hy. J. ‘Torner, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam.
We must earnestly request our correspondents Nor to send ws communications 1peNTICAL with those they are sending to other magazines.
Reprints of articles may be obtained by authors at very reasonable cost if ordered at the time of sending in MS.
Articles that require ILLUSTRATIONS axe inserted on condition that the AuTHOoR defrays the cost of the illustrations.
EXCHANGES.
Subscribers may have Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata inserted free of charge. They should be sent to Mr. Hy. J. Turner, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ West Drive, Cheam.
Duplicates.—S. Andrenaeformis, Bred 1928, well set on black pins, with data.
Desiderata.—Very numerous British Macro Lepidoptera.—J. W. Woolhouse, Hill House, Frances Street, Chesham, Bucks.
Desiderata.— Species of Dolerine and Nematine sawflies not in my collection; list sent.—R. C. L. Perkins, 4, Thurlestone Road, Newton Abbot.
Duplicates.—Albimacula*, sparganii*.
Desiderata.— Ova of D.oo. pupae of X. gilvago, D. caesia. A.J. Wightman, ‘* Aurago,’” Bromfields, Pulborough, Sussex.
Excuanees.—Living Eggs of Catocala fraxini mad, gsponsa, exchange for butterflies of British Isles.—C. Zacher’ Erfurt, Weimar, Street 13, Germany.
Duplicates.—Pyralina*, Salicis, Janthina*, Orbicularia*, Repandata in variety, Doubledayaria, Black rhomboidaria*, Black virgularia* and others.
Desiderata.—Hyale, Welsh aurinia, Polychloros, Tiphon Agathina, Lunigera, Lucernea, Neglecta, Diffinis, Populeti, Gothica v. gothicina, White Leporina, Tridens Putrescens. Littoralis, Typhae v. fraterna, Rurea vy. Combusta, Gilvago, Fulvago v-. flavescens, Liturata v. nigrofulvata. Harold B. Williams, Woodcote, 36, Manorgate Road, Kingston Surrey.
Duplicates.—A large number of species of European and Palaearctic Rhopalocera and Heterocera.
Desiderata.— All British species especially those illustrating characteristics of an island fauna. Dr. Lor. Kolb, Miinchen 54, Dachauer-str. 409, Germany, and Franz Daniel, Miinchen, Bayer-sir. 77, Germany.
Desiderata.—Urgently wanted for research work at the Royal College of Science, Pupae normal form of Hemerophila abruptaria.
Duplicates.—Pupae of var. fuscata of the same species offered in exchange.—J. A. Downes, 5, Trinity Road, Wimbledon.
Iam seeking an opportunity of exchanging Macro- and Micro-Lepidoptera with English collectors and beg to send list of duplicates.—J. Sojfner, Trautenau (Bezirksbehorde), Bohemia, Tschechoslowakische Republik.
Duplicates. —Well set British Lepidoptera all in perfect condition about 200 species.
Desiderata.—Living larvae : please send list of species obtainable.—A. Lester, 2, Pembury Road, London, N.17.
CHANGE or ApprEss.—Rey. C. R. N. Burrows, F.R.E.S., to Stanford-le-Hope, Essex: L. D. Wakeley, to 15, Berkeley Place, Wimbledon, S.W.19: B.C. 8. Warren, F.R.E.S., to 3, Augusta Mansions, Folkestone, Kent. W. Parkinson-Curtis, to 17, Princess Road, Bournemouth.
Duplicates.—Many exceedingly rare species of moths from the Mediterranea. especially Sardinia. Ask for List.
Desiderata.—British Z. exulans; D. barretti; A. nickerli-guenei; L. favicolor; H. crinanensis; Lar. ostregiata. Urgently needed.—Breeding material of all Ephestia- species except kuehniella. Will also pay cash if desired.—H. Bytinski Salz, John Innes institution, Merton Park, London, S.W.19.
MEETINGS OF SOCIETIKS.
_ Entomological Society of London.—41, Queen’s Gate, South Kensington, S.W. 7. 8 p.m. March 20th. April 3rd.
The South London Entomological and Natural History Society, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. Second and Fourth Thursdays in the month, at 7 p.m. March 28th. April 11th.—Hon. Secretary, S. N. A. Jacobs, ‘‘ Ditchling,’’ Hayes Lane, Bromley, Kent.
* The London Natural History fociety.—Meetings first four Tuesdays in the month at 6.30 p.m. at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Gower Street, W.C.1. Visitors admitted by ticket which may be obtained through Members, or from the Hon. Sec. A. B. Hornblower, 91, Queen’s Road, Buckhurst Hill,
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EMPORTANTT TO ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETIES and MUSEUMS.
BAGK VOLUMES OF rae The Entomologist’s Record aa and Journal of Variation.
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GONTENTS OF Vol. I. (Most important only mentioned.)
Genus Acronycta and its allies.—Variation of Smerinthus tiliae, 3 coloured plates— Differentiation of Melitaea athalia, parthenie, and aurelia—The Doubleday collection— — Parthenogenesis— Paper on Taeniocampidae—Phylloxera—Practical Hints (many)— yo< Parallel Variation in Coleoptera—Origin of Argynnis paphia var. valesina—Work for the — Winter—Temperature and Variation—Synonymic notes—Retrospect of a Tepidopterist — for 1890 —Lifehistories of Agrotis pyrophila, Epunda lichenea, Heliophobus hisptdus— Captures at light—Aberdeenshire notes, etc., efc., 360 pp. a
CONTENTS OF VOL. II.
Menanism and Meranocuroism—Bibliography—Notes on Collecting—Articles on VaRIATION (many)—How to breed igrotis lunigera, Sesia sphegiformis, Taeniocampa opima —Collecting on the Norfoik Broads—Wing development—Hybridising Amphidasys prodromaria and A. betularia—Melanism and Temperature—Differentiation of Dian- — thecias—Disuse of wings—Fauna of Dulwich, Sidmouth, S. London—Generic nomen- clature and the Acronyctidae—A fortnight at Rannoch—Heredity in Lepidoptera—Notes _ on Genus Zyemna (Anthrocera)—Hybrids—Hymenoptera—Lifehistory of aoee, derasa, etc., etc., 312 pp.
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4 Wicken Revisited, H. Donisthorpe, F.Z.S., F.R.E.S., ete. . Lepidoptera at Jaca, Alto Aragon, Spain, Wm. Fassnidge, M. A., F. R.E.S. 45 The Biology of Pieris rapae, Orazio Quercti .. AT Eg Nomenclature, The List, Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. - ee 48 xg _ Early Stages of Indian Lepidoptera, D. G. Sonastonnta, F.R.E.S., 49 _ Norzs on ConnEecTiIne.— Micro Larvae for April; C. billbergi, Z¢t. 4 E. : anthracina, Czy. (Dip.), H. W. Andrews, ER.E. S.; C. terebrella in Buckinghamshire and Hampshire, Wy. Fassnidge, M.A. ed es ips Sete reel © i azaleella at Southampton, Id.; Larvae feeding on Common Laurel, C. Nicholson; C. nupta flying by day, Id.; The Colorado Beetle, 7. Bainbrigge- Fletcher, F.R.E.S etc.; M. jurtina, xanthie forms, H.D. Harris, M.D., F.R.E.S.; Early Emergence of P. rapae, Id. .. : 50
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Entomological Congress, Oxford, 1935.
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HE SOCIETY FOR BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY announce fiat bey, are. inaveuratine a series of BRITISH ENTOMOLOGICAL CONGRESSES to be held in a different Centre each year, and that they have accepted an invitation from the ASHMOLEAN NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF OXFORDSHIRE to held the 1935 Congress in the City of OxFoRD. The dates selected are from the evening of the 12th to the 15th July, 1935, and a cordial invitation to attend the Congress is extended to all persons of either sex who are interested in any aspect of British Entomology.
Rmoressor GD. Hale Carpenter, M.B.E., D.M., F.U:S. FP RakS-; Hope. Professor of Zoology (Entomology) in the University of Oxford, President of the Society for 1935, will preside, and the proceedings will consist of an Opening Session; Presidential Address; reading of Papers; inspection of Exhibits; visits to the University Museum, School of Forestry, and School of Rural Economy; a Conversazione; a Dinner and two Luncheons in College Halls; a Field Meeting; an al fresco Tea; and perhaps other items.
Visitors are invited to bring Exhibits, for the display of which facilities will be provided in the Hope Department of the University Museum; it is suggested that exhibits might be selected to illustrate work which the exhibitor has in hand.
Any person having a matter of importance which they wish to bring before the Congress should let the Hon. Secretary have particulars at the earliest possible moment. The Council will endeavour to provide an opportunity for this to be done, and if desired for a Resolution on such matter to be voted upon.
Accommodation in College buildings (for both sexes, but separately) will be available at very low rates, and special cheap return tickets will be obtainable from all Railway Stations to Oxford. The cost of attending the Congress need only therefore be small.
A detailed Programme with full particulars and directions will be available shortly, and a copy will be sent to any name and address on receipt of a postcard. The Hon. Secretary will be pleased to answer enquiries, and to render every pos- sible assistance.
The Council hope that every British Entomologist who can do so will attend the Congress so that it may be thoroughly representative.
Write for particulars to :— Ey RIVENHALL | GORE... Hon. Sec:., 102, HIGH STREET, SOUTHAMPTON.
LEPIDOPTERA AT JACA, ALTO ARAGON, SPAIN. 45
Wicken Revisited. By HORACE DONISTHORPH, F.Z.S., F.R.E.S., ete. (Department of Entomology. British Museum: Natural History.) (Concluded from page 29.)
Mons. Ferriére has named the Chalcidoidea, etc., as far as possible, the below being a list of the species :—
Cuatcipoiea.—F'am. Torynridae.—Torymus ventralis, Fonsc. 1 9 ne
Fam. Hurytomidae.—Eurytoma appendigaster, Boh. 19.
Fam. Pteromalidae.—Stenomalus muscarum, L.19. Péteromalus spp. 2 diff. 9. Habrocytus spp. 2 diff. 9. Asaphes vulgaris, Walk. 19. Cyrtogaster vulgaris, Walk. 19. Lamprotatus maculatus, Walk. 13. Spalangia nigra, Latry. 19.
Fam. Mymaridae.—Ooctonus vulgatus, Hal. 19.
CyniporpEa.—F'am. Cynipidae.—Hucotla sp. 13. Figitessp.1@.
IcHneEUMoNoIDEA.—F am. Braconitdae.—Apanteles sp.13.
I am indebted to Mr. Nixon for the names of the following Bra- contdae and Proctotrupidae, mostly taken in cut sedge.
BraconiwaE.—*Microdus fumidulus, Hb. Microbracon i Fab, *Microbracon fuscicoais, Wesm. Blacus. ruficornis, Nees. * Blacus armatulus, Ruthe; and *Hormius moniliatus, Nees.
(Marked with an asterisk new to the Wicken list).
Procrorrupipar.—Sephus yravidator, Hal. 29. Paracodrus aptero- gynus, Hal. 9. Loawotropa atricowt, Kieffer. 3. Loawotrupa convexa, Kieffer, ¢ 9. Belytadepressa, Thoms. § Baeus seminulum, Hal. 19. Hoplogryon fimbriatus, K. g. Calliceras,sp.? 2. Hoplogryon anatus, Walker, 3.
Lepidoptera at Jaca, Alto Aragon, Spain, in August, 1931 and 1933. By Wu. FASSNIDGH, M.A., F.R.E.S. (Concluded from page 20.)
PreropHoripak.—* Oxyptilus pilosellae, Zell. *Platyptilia gonodac- tyla, Schiff.—A few disturbed from among T'ussilayo. Alucita tetra- dactyla, L. *A. pentadactyla, L.—Very local. Pterophorus monodac- tylus, L. Stenoptilia bipunctidactyla, Hw. *S. zophodactyla, Dup.— Imagines and larvae. Agdistis satanas, Mill.—Two specimens.
OrnEopipaE.—* Orneodes grammodactyla, Zell. *O. cymatodactyla, Zell.
TortricipaE :— Acalla hastiana, Li.—A few larvae from which imagines emerged in late September; only the form typica was obtained. A. variegana, Schiff. *Capua gnomana, Cl.—One specimen. Tortria croceana, Hb. *T'. wnifasciana, Dup.cCommon. *Argyrotoexa conwayana, Fb.—Common. Anisotaenia hybridella, Hb. *Lozopera francillana, Fb. *L. dilucidana, Stph. *L. bilbaensis, Réssl.—Rare. *Phalonia purpuratana, Hb. P. wndulatana, Kenn.—Very common among white scabious. *P. pallidana, Zell. */?. austrinana, Chrét.— Fairly common. Huwanthis meridiana, Stgr. “HH. nodulana, Méschl. EH. hamana, Lb. *E. zoegana, L. *Hulia politana, Hw. Argyroploce oblongana, Hw.—common. *A. salicella, L.—One speciinen. *Ancylis comptana, Fréhl. *Polychrosis botrana, Schiff. Crocidosema plebejana, Zell.—Larvae found in seeds of hollyhock 1.viii.81 probably belonged
46 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1V.1935
to this species. Bactra lanceolana, Hb. *“Hucosma cana, Hw. Semasia
pauperculana, Ster. *S. scopoliana, Hw. *S. conterminana, H.8.— Fairly common. *Epinotia imparana, Mull.-Rutz. Notocelia incar- natana, Hb.—Common. *N. roborana, Tr.—Common. Fpiblema
griseolana, Zell. *H. pflugiana, Hw. *H. ramella, L. *E. fracti- fasciana, Hw. *Evetria posticana, Zett.—Beaten from Pinus sylvestris. “FH. resinella, Li.—Galls found sparingly. *Laspeyresia pomonella, L. *L. splendana, Hb. *EHucosma lacunana, Dup. *Hemimene simpliciana, Hw. *Lipoptycha plumbana, Scop.
GLYPHIPTERYGIDAE :—*Choreutis nemorana, Hb.—lLarvae on fig leaves fairly common, emerged 27.viii.38.
Hyponomeutipan:—* Argyresthia caesiella, Hb.—Common. Hypono- meuta padellus, L. Ethmia pusiella, Roem. I. bipunctella, Fb.
PLUTELLIDAE :—*Cerostoma nemorella, L. *C. scabrella, L.—Two specimens. *C. lucella, Fb.—Beaten from oak. *C. persiceila, Fb.— One specimen. Plutella maculipennis, Curt.—Rare.
GELECHIIDAE :—Metznerta neuropterella, Gell. Aristotelia subert- cinella, H.S.—Fairly common at light. A. decurtella, Hb. A. pictella, Zell. *Acompsia cinerella, Cl. *TVelphusa fugitivella, Zell.—Fairly common onelms. *Lita leucomelanella, Zell. *Gelechia tessella, Hb. G. aristotelis, Mill. Stomopteryx anthyllidella, Hb.—Common at light. S. detersella, Gell. Dichomeris marginella, Fb. Symmoca oenophila, Stgr.—Common at light. Lecithocera luticornella, Zell. *Chrysoclista atra, Hw.
OxrcopHoripDak :—/iudrosts lacteella, Schiff—Indoors and _ out. Pleurota planella, Stgr.—Fairly common. P. bicostella, Cl. *P. schlayerielia, Gell. *Borkhausenia psendospretella, Stt.—On a shop window in the Calle Mayor. Depressaria costosa, Hw. 1). oenochrva, Tur. *D. prostratella, Const.—Two specimens. *1). depressella, Hb. D. liturella, Hb.—Two specimens. Chirocampa lambdella, Don.—Two specimens.
Eacuistipak :—*Scythris chenopodiella, Hb. *S, scopolella, Hb.— Two specimens. S. dissimilella, H.S. Coleophora ochrea, Hw. Fairly common. *C. frischella, L. *C. deauratella, Gell. C. solenella, Steger.
GRCAILARIIDAE :—*Gracilaria stigmatella, Fb.—'l'hree bred from larvae fonnd in leaf pockets on young poplars in the Paseo. They differ from English specimens in their dark blackish ground colour. *G. tringipennella, Zell.—One specimen. Tischeria ?complanella, Hb.— Old mines commonly near the Fuerte Rapidan.
TALEPORIUDAE :—Taleporia tubulosa, Retz.—Old cases found.
TineiDaE :—Tinea fuscipunctella, Hw.—Fairly common indoors. T’. quercicolella, H.S. *T. pellionella. L.—Indoors and out. *T’. sim- pliciella, H.S.—Two specimens. *Monopis nigricantella, Mill. *Scardia boleti, Fb.—One specimen.
ApDELIDAE :—* Nemotots metallicus, Poda.—Fairly common; a dozen or more seen assembling toa ?.
Heprauipas :—* Hepialus sylvinus, L.—Fairly common at light.
I take this opportunity of offering my best thanks to Dr. H. Zerny, of the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, who after reading my MS.,
very kindly gave me valuable information, and helped with a number of difficult identifications.
Aun Account
a,
Aig
BH
< .
A &
May a Ci ele Lae 18% LOST: Eee Os 18 68. BOs has OO Tee OL tO: 22 10: ar nha 24. 78. 2a WOO: 26 Ane he 2 Ot 28° 18. 29 65. FONT ee 51 ar G
JUNE
ie Sa. 81. eee ys 4 86. a> 90: 6.90.
secutive days.
60. 68. 63. 65.
THE BIOLOGY OF PIERIS RAPAE. AT
of my Studies in the Biology of Pieris rapae. III. By ORAZIO QUERCI. (Continued from p. 14.)
Exxpuanatory Nortss.
The weather was very cold in March of 1932, drop- ping to 17°-19° on the 8th, 9th, 10th and 15th. In April it was almost always cold, being 38°-34° on the 4th, 13th and 17th. On 22nd April the tem- perature rose up to Max. 79°, Min. 55°, and we saw three males of Pieris rapae at rest on the stems, but later the heat decreased, being almost always 50° during the nights, and we saw no more butterflies on the wing until mid-May.
P., RAPAE TAKEN.
0-—The climate becomes lovely, and some Pieris rapae
14. of both sexes begin to emerge from the chrysalides
which had gone over winter. 8—They mate and lay eggs on the same day of their birth. 7—The eggs, which we rear in May, hatch after four 8 days. The young larvae, hang by asilk thread and
. 10. try to find a suitable leaf or flower to feed.
6
0 —In the country all the “‘ Whites” which we observe,
QO are more or less worn.
O—A few larvae of our broods grow more rapidly than the others.
O—At the Park Way we see no more males on the wing.
O—A few larvae of our broods pupate after six days.
O—It is hot. The larvae of our breeding are very
O active, a few of them turn from green to yellow, later
O they are caught by stupor and rot. Other larvae, of the same batch, are not injured by the heat.
0 On this day no larva forms the chrysalis.
O—The climate is lovely, and many larvae of our broods pupate.
0 —Other chrysalides are formed in our cages, Sore larvae delayed twelve days to pupate. All the larvae,
0 which we reared, which delayed more than twelve
1 days, died. We take the first Pieris rapae of the
2 second brood. On the days following that species
3 becomes frequent at the Park Way.
71. 10—It is hot. The larvae of our broods are restless.
iheles
18 Alloftbem turn yellow and later die. This heat-wave is not very intense, but it continues for two con- I believe that, in such an open place as the meadows
of the Park Way, very few larvae were able to find a shelter against
such a great heat while the vegetation was scarce and the ground was barren.
48 KNTOMOLOGISI’S RECORD. 15.1V.1935
In the evening of 6th June, 1932, the heat continued to be intense, and it was still 85° at 8 p.m. Also the larvae of our broods, which had hatched on that day, died. Some chrysalides, formed on 5th June, became black and rotted. None of the larvae, which we were rearing, pupated on 6th June.
(To be continued)
Nomenclature. The List. By Hy. J. TURNER, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. (Concluded from page 33.)
Carterocephalus, Led. palaemon, Pall. remains Carterocephalus, Led. palaemon, Pall. |
Thymelicus, Hb. thawmas, Hutn. becomes Adopoea, Billberg, sylvestris, Poda. The linea, Schiff. (1775) early replaced thaumas, Hufn. (1776) until Tutt and others in Brit. Lep. adopted flava, Brunniche (?) (1768). Now we are asked to adopt the sylvestris of Poda (1761) as the prior name of linea. The original description of Poda’s sylvestris reads “ primoribus supra linea transversa lanceolata nigra.”” Werneberg and others identify this as either sylvanus or comma both of which have the “linea lanceolata,” which most certainly linea has not. Since the description of Poda adds “‘ Habitat in sylvis’’ one would suggest the - probability that Poda’s insect was sylvanus. [See L. G. Higgins’ Note Ent. Rec.XLVI. p. 44 (1984)].
Adopaea was the genus adopted by Tutt, etc., for this species and for lineola. It is now shown that the correct spelling is Adopoea.
Thymelicus, Hb. lineola, Ochs. becomes Adopoea, Hb. lineola, Ochs.
Thymelicus, Hb. actaeon, Rott. becomes T'hymelicus, Hb. acteon, Rott.
The spelling of actaeon was corrected in Brit. Lep.
Pamphila, Fb. comma, Li. becomes Hesperia, Fb. comma, Ll. (See above.)
Panmphila, Fb. was replaced in Brit. Lep. by Urbicola, of which comma was chosen by Barbut, to whose selection of species typical of genera we have already referred. Hence the use of comma as typical of Hesperia is technically invalid, as well as extremely inconvenient from long continued use for the malvae group.
Pamphila, Fb. sylvanus, Esp. becomes Ochlodes, Scudd. venata, Brem. and Gray.
The acquisition of a series of the venata from the far Hast some years ago strongly suggested the result given here that sylvanus and venata were the same species. However the misapplication of the homonyw rule cuts out sylvanus (1777), although there has been no chance of confusion for more than 120 years at least. It is a fine scientific (sic) amusement to misapply this Zoological rule. Of course it should be sylvanus and the far Hastern form ssp. venata.
Augiades, Hb. was subsequently adopted in Tutt’s Brit. Lep. I have failed to find any reason advocated for the use of Ochlodes, Scudder, which only contains 3 species not including sylvanus, Sys. Revis. 1872, and it seenis that Augiades, Hb. should stand for the genus of sylvanus, which is one of the original species in the genus. There is insufficient evidence for Anyiades to be supplanted. ;
Nors.—The name of our Augiades sylvanus is now said to be corrected to Ochlodes venata ssp, septentrionalis.
EARLY STAGES OF INDIAN LEPIDOPTERA. 49
Thus the List is a great advance on all previous Lists but it will have to come up again to be further corrected, both in Generic and some Specific Names.
The Americans will not accept the erroneas pleaippus (See Seitz) which is an Indo-Malay name (See Seitz).
Hyperanthus is not a prior spelling: hyperanthus (South ih in place of the correct hyperantus, L.
Sylvestris is a gross error.
Aegon Vv. argus can never be proved either way. Seitz suggestion of aegon is the better.
Agestis and bellargus are forced in by the stuvidly applied homonym rule.
Latitude in the use of Brenthis, Issoria. Polyommatus is allowable.
Ruralis and Urbicola are undoubtedly correct for betulae (and there- fore quercus) and comma, respectively.
Lycaena and Hesperia have been so universally used for their respective groups of species that endeavour should be made to get them restablished as in the case of Colias, Aryynnis, Vanessa, etc.
(P.S.—As shown, the inexplicable elimination of Oken’s work is responsible for Lycuena being rejected.)
Early Stages of Indian Lepidoptera. By D. G. SEVASTOPULO, F.R.E.S.
(Continued from p. 19.) NyYMPHALIDAE.
Euthalia garuda, Mre., ssp. suddhodana, Fruh.
Head green, body green with a pale dorsal stripe and a pale mauve transverse line on each somite. A series of eleven feathery scoli, about 3ths of an inch long, arising subdorsally, the first pair pointing forwards, the 2nd to 10th pairs sideways and the 11th pair backwards.
Pupa green. The head lobed with a brown spot on each projection. A lateral and a dorsal brown spot on the thorax, a gilt and brown line between the 3rd and 4th abdominal somites dorsally. Shape, ventral surtace flattish ; thorax and first three abdominal somites flat with a median keel and rising to a point, the posterior somites with a slight median keel.
Foodplant.—Mango (Mangifera indica).
Described from a full fed larva found in Caleutta 16.1.32, pupated 19.1.82 and a female emerged ?.11.32.
Seitz describes a form of the larva which has the transverse lines yellow.
LycaENIDAE.
Rathinda amor, F.
Head retractile. Ground-colour bright green, olive green or dull purple. The green forms with a brown transverse band on the 4th and a brown dorsal patch on the 6th to 8th somites, the purple forms with the same markings a little darker than the ground-colour. A white lateral line from the 5th to 10th somites. The 2nd and 8rd somites with a pair of subdorsal horn-like projections, the pair on ‘the 8rd somite being the longer. A single dorsal projection on the 4th
50 ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 15.1V.1985
somite. The 5th somite bearing a long dorsal and a long lateral projection. The 6th to 9th somites each bearing a dorsal projection, that on the $th very short, the 7th and 8th slightly longer and that on the 9th long. The 10th somite with a short dorsal projection and a long lateral one.
Pupa shaped like that of a Syrphid, green with a brown dorsal patch. |
Foodplant.—A cultivated garden shrub with bright scarlet flowers. The larvae prefer the flowers and the young berries to the leaves.
Described from full fed larvae found in Calcutta 10.vii.32, pupated 12.vii.82 and males and females emerged 20.v1i.32.
Seitz describes the larva as being ‘“ green with purplish-red cones of different length.”
(To be continued.)
YJ OTES ON COLLECTING, ete.
Micro Larvar Conuecrinc For Aprit.—Hixamine the leaves of wild rose bushes for whitish blotches; to most of these are attached a flattened, serrated case, that of Coleophora gryphypennella, while the twisted together shoots will probably contain larvae of Notocelia roborana. In lanes, especially those in the Weald where the heart’s- tongue fern grows in such abundance, one may now find the larvae of Teichobia verhuellella burrowing among the spore-cases on the undersides of the fertile fronds. Old twisted birch trees may now be examined for distorted catkins ; a good supply of the latter will probably furnish a series of Kpiblema (Paedisca) bilunana. Old palings, especially near woods and under trees, will often have attached to their surface the longish cases of Taleporia pseudobombycella; care in removing them and attaching them subsequently to a similar surface must be observed if a series of the imagines is to be obtained. When the sallow leaves (Salix caprea) have started to open out, the blotches formed by the larvae of Coleophora viminetella will be apparent, and any near-by old thistle stems may be examined for the round holes denoting the presence of the full fed larvae of Epiblena (Ephippiphora) pflugiana. The closely drawn together shoots of the furze with white web will contain the larvae of Seythris grandipennis, and the broom, so often in company with furze, will possibly have its long shoots spun together forming feeding galleries for the larvae of Depressavia assimilella almost ready for pupation. Under some of the hedge-rows one often finds the ground-ivy, Glechoma hederacea, extensively blotched by the larvae of Coleophora albitarsella in their long, black and curved cases, on the undersides. In similar situations where masses of Stitchwort grow, the larvae of Coleophora solitariella will be noted making long galleries in the grass- like leaves, each with its slender, long, tubular, almost white case, while more locally on the same plant the similarly shaped brownish cases of the larvae of Coleophora olivaceella may be found making similar blotch galleries. The twisted shoots of the same plants may contain larvae of Gelechia tricolorella. The blotches on the leaves of the chalk-loving Helianthemum vulgare indicate the larvae of Tinea miscella. A gearch on the basal leaves of Hchium vulgare, another chalk loving plant, will often yield numbers of the small blotches of
NOTES ON COLLECTING. 51
the young larvae of Coleophora onosmella, whose larger woolly cases can be obtained later on, and afford a good series of this beautiful and attractive micro. The more dwarf thistle leaves will often be found drawn together by the larvae of Depressaria nanatella. On the leaves of Lotus corniculatus, more rarely and very locally, the curiously curved cases of the larvae of Voleophora discordella may occur, perhaps more in Dorset than elsewhere, on chalky downs. The plantain growing in similar situations will often afford the larvae of Gracillaria tringt- pennella on its bunched up leaves. More or less aborted spruce cones collected and stored will eventually produce specimens of Laspeyresia (Coccyx) strobilana ; bred specimens are well worth getting. Ox-eye daisy leaves ave mined by the larvae of Bucculatrix nigricomella (aurimaculella), but the plants must be dug up and potted carefully. Mining in the radical leaves of Scabivsa columbaria in somewhat sheltered spots, the larvae of Lithocolletis scabiosella may possibly be found. Cerastium vulgatum, when found growing plentifully on the banks of the chalk where Helianthemum flourishes should now be searched, for its twisted shoots contain the larvae of (Gelechia fraternella. In fields where currant and raspberry bushes grow in quantity look for the drooping withering shoots; these will produce larvae of Lampronia capitella and Lampronia rubiella respectively.
Cuortopum.a (ProsaLpia) BILLBEKGI, Zrt. AND HiGERIA ANTHRACINA, Czy.—Prior to 1938 I had only taken two or three odd specimens of this Anthomyiid, but on 30th April in that year whilst walking through one of the woods of Spanish Chestnut typical of N. Kent, and usually barren as regards Diptera at this time of year, 1 noticed on the carpet of dead leaves at my feet, one or two flies which on capture and examination proved to be this species. J then turned my attention to the ground and in the course of three-quarters of an hour took a nice series. The flies were most abundant on the mass of dead leaves filling up the damp and slightly sunken footpath, but were also to be found on the dead leaves covering the ground on either side. They flew off on my approach, but only for short flights and seldom rose more than two or three inches. I found this species again on 1.v.84 in the same locality, but not in such abundance as in 1983. I do not know if other species of Prosaipia have the same ground-frequenting habit, but hope that this note of its occurrence in P. billbergi, and the comparatively early date may prove useful to other collectors.
Another “‘ good ” species of Chortophila, Eyeria anthracina, has also occurred to me in woods in April, this time settled on leaves (rhodo- dendron in my case) after the normal fashion of Anthomyiids. My
dates for this species range from 13th to 20th April—H. W. Anprews (F.R.E.S.)
CaTEREMNA TEREBRELLA, ZINCK., IN BUCKINGHAMSHIRE AND HAMPSHIRE. —IJ have now found larvae of this species at Chesham, Bucks., and near Romsey, Hants., as well as in the New Forest. It is likely to be present wherever the spruces bear cones at all freely. The larva feeds right through the winter in cones on the ground, but the expressivus used to describe the cones are somewhat misleading. ‘he authorities say ‘‘in distorted and stunted cones” or “in aborted cones.” The cones containing larvae are certainly stunted or even aborted, but in
59, ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1V.1985
my experience not distorted. They fall from the tree long before they have attained full growth, and measure from two to four inches in length. They are rather light grey in colour when dry, but are almost black when wet, which is their usual condition in nature. They are always quite soft, often break with the fall, and are very easily over- looked among dead leaves and debris.—Wwm. Fassnipce (M.A.,,
E.R.E.S.)
GRACILLARIA AZALEELLA, Brants, aT SoutHaMPTon.—On the 28th February, 1985, I paid a visit to the Nursing Home in Southampton, where I spents ome months of last year, and found in the conservatory a few larvae and pupae of G. azaleella. I should judge that the insect is likely to be a serious pest later in the year, for the Azaleas were badly infested, showing many traces of feeding. A Tortrix larva was also present, which I identified as Pandemis heparana, Schiff—Wnm. Fassnipce, 47, Tennyson Road, Southampton.
LARVAE FEEDING ON ComMoN LAUREL.—Apropos of Mr. Fletcher’s note (p. 87) of Phigalia pedaria feeding on laurel, any larva naturally feeding on blackthorn, plum, or cherry ought theoretically to feed on laurel, since all these plants belong to the plum group of the Rosacgan, and contain prussic acid. Asa matter of fact, besides P. pedaria and O. antiqua, the following are on record as having been found feeding on laurel: Abraaas grossulariata, Malacosoma neustria, Taenitocampa gothica and, most remarkable of all, Smerinthus populi.—C. Nrcnouson, Tresil- lian, Cornwall. [Rev. G. Wheeler reports Diloba caeruleocephala on laurel. |
CaToCALA NUPTA FLYING BY DAy.—In my note on p. 88 the word ‘‘ distributed,” should be “ disturbed,” as I believe I wrote. The inter- esting point was that the specimen seen by Mr. Donisthorpe (p. 18) was flying, apparently naturally, in the sun. I personally should not consider it remarkable to see this species at rest in late afternoon sun- shine on a fence, tree, or wall, but I doubt whether it would remain in such a position in hot sunshine, and possibly it was that that caused the one in question to fly.—C. NicHotson.
Tur Cotorapo Brette.—We note that the Minister of Agriculture, in the House of Commons on 25th February, stated that the Colorado Beetle outbreak at Tilbury has been completely stamped out. We hope that this optimism is justified. As there is always a possibility of its reintroduction, no harm will be done if Entomologists will continue to keep an eye on potato-plants this summer. ‘There is always a chance of finding a larva of Acherontia atropos, anyway !—T. BainsriceE FLETCHER.
Manioxa gurtina, Linn., XaxtuHic rormMs.—During the summers of 1938-1934, I have netted a large number of xanthic forms of M. jurtina on the Hampshire Downs in the neighbourhood of Winchester. I have several specimens, females, in which the light fulvous patch on the forewings is replaced by a dull white, also a male showing similar aberration. One female, caught in August 1938, is figured in the Journal of the Entomological Society of the South of England, Vol. 1, Part 4, 1938; it has light grey hindwings with five dark striations.
CURRENT NOTES. 53.
Another specimen, a male, captured by Dr. Hobby in the same locality in 1980, is almost pure white except for black striated patches near the thorax. It is figured on the same plate.-—H. G. Harris (M.D., M.S.B.E.)
HaRLY EMERGENCE OF P. Rapag.—I was informed by Mr. H. Williams, of Shrewton, Wilts, that on 28rd February, 19385, he observed a female P. rapae emerging from its pupa attached to a galvanised iron shed.—H. G. Harris (M.D., F.R.E.8.). Southampton.
GYURRENT NOTES AND SHORT NOTICES.
In his fourteenth paper on ‘‘ Minenstudien” (4%ts. f. PAanzenkrank- heiten, XLIV. ii. 49-70, ff. 1-18, 1 tab. 1934), Dr. Martin Hering gives useful keys for the determination (1) of all mines found in oak-leaves. and (2) of the adults of the oak-feedine species of Lithocolletis.
Dr. H. Rebel has published (Jrvs XLVIII, 122-188: 1934) another paper on the Lepidoptera of the Balearic Islands, from which 335 species have now been recorded. Jn another paper in Jris (XLVIII 145-161, t. 3: 1934) he has revised the Dissocteninae, a small group of Tineidae, mainly on new material from Morocco, two new genera and several new species being described ; to which he has added a new Psychid genus and species (Pseudofumea wnbrosella), also from Morocco.
Numerous Insects have been described from Baltic amber, in which, however, Lepidoptera seem to occur very rarely (about one in a thousand Amber Insects). Ina paper on Amber Lepidoptera (Palaeobiologica, VI. 1-16, 6 figs, t. 1: 1934) Dr. H. Rebel has described several Micro- lepidoptera, including a Tortricid larva, a Psychid case and several moths, which have been so well preserved that their generic structure can be indicated. As would be expected, in all cases they are very close to living forms.—T. Barnsricen Fiercuer.
L’ Amateur de Papillons for January 1985, contains a note by Monsieur Le Marchand on three Exotic Micros found in France, these being Paralipsa gularis, Zeller, Phthorimaea operculella, Zeller, and Dryadaula pactolia, Meyr. The first-named has turned up in London during the last two or three years; the second, whose larva is a well- known pest of stored potatoes in warmer climates, is likely to turn up in this country also, although it probably would not survive in the open in England. Dryadaula pactolia is a New Zealand Lyonetiid which seems to have established itself in Gloucester City, whence it has been recorded in 1911 and 1915, and which succeeded in establish- ing itself for at least twenty years, as my collection contains a specimen, collected and kindly given to me by Mr. Clutterbuck, taken in 1931. Dryadaula is a small genus containing at present only seven species, all known from Australia, Tasmania or New Zealand. [t is, therefore, interesting to find that D. pactolia has also reached France, where it has been found so far at Bordeaux and in the Departments of Seine- Inférieure, Calvados and Manche. It has perbaps been imported with grain, aS it seems to occur in or near granaries—T. BainprieeE FLetcHer.
Why is it that reports of expeditions have such terribly ponderous titles? Surely they could usually be shortened. The results of the
54 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1V.1985
Visser Karakorum Expedition are burdened with this: “‘ Wissentschaft- liche Hrgebnisse der Niederlaindischen Eapeditionen in den Karakorum und die angrenzenden Gebiete, 1922, 1925 und 1929/80, herausgegeben von Dr. Ph, C. Visser und Jenny Visser- Hooft, in Kommission bet PF. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig, 1935. Zoologie. LZusammengestelt von J. B. Corporaal, Kustos am Zoologischen Museum in Amsterdam. Herausge- geben am 15 January 1985. Dermaptera, by G. Bey- Bienko, Leningrad.”
Supplemented by a few specimens from other sources, the list includes seven species of earwig, some of which are of remarkable interest.
There are two cosmopolitan species, the inevitable Labidura riparia, Pall., and Euborellia annulipes, Lue. Notable is Pseudisolabis burri, Bor., with which the author identifies Ps. tenera, Burr, from Kashmir and the Punjab, as the other species of the genus are Australian. Anechura zubovskit, Sem., seems to be the common earwig of Kashmir, and is recorded all along the road to Ladak. The author regards it as a local race of A. asiatica, Sem., but considers both as specifically distinct from the European alpine A. bipunctata, Fabr., of which I considered them races. He regards A. calciatii, Bor., as a local race of the Turkestan A. fedtschenkoi, Sauss., and compares this distribution with other well known cases of Central Asiatic mountainous endemics, such as Gomphomastax, Br., and Conophyma, Zub.
The other two species are typical Himalayan earwigs, Forficula schlagintweiti, Burr, and F. planicollis, Kirby.—M.B.
The Supplement to the Palaearctic Main Volumes of Seitz continues to come out with great regularity. Parts 58 and 54 have just appeared. The former contains 3 sheets of Noctuid additions. Among them are additions to about nineteen British species to which some 70 additional forms are recorded and briefly described, including the Caradrina {Athetis) species, A. nickerlii which we have recently discussed, ete, We note that pallustris has only one Z. in error. The latter part con- tains the beginning of vol. IV. the section devoted to the Geometers for which L. B. Prout is responsible. The part contains 8 pp. and 2 plates with 90 figures of new forms. Among the Brephinae, B. parthenias has9 and Bb. notha has2. The Venochrominae have Alsophila aescularia, with 1; Aplasta ononaria with 5; and Odezia atrata, with 3. The Hemitheinae have Pseudoterpna pruinata with 8. This is a good opportunity for those interested in the British Geometers to start subscribing.
The Verrall Supper Meeting was held at the Holborn Restaurant on January 15th, 1985. The meeting was called for 6.30 and before supper, which was served at 8 o’clock, a Conversazione was held in the reception room. Prof. Sir Edward B. Poulton, F.R.S., was voted to the Chair as an expression of the Members’ appreciation of the honour of knighthood recently conferred upon him. ‘The guests are now too numerous to mention and in future a full list of names will not be published. In this case the attendance was 176 which is again a record. Mr. Jas. E. Collins, the Verrall Supper Member of the Club, again made all the arrangements and is to be congratulated on the wonderful success of the meeting. The details were perfect and the smoothness and pleasure of the evening were due to his excellent organisation. It is essential, however, that application for invitations must be in every case made direct to Mr. J. HE. Collin, “ Raylands,”
REVIEWS. 55
Newmarket, and in no other way can the issue of invitations be allowed. The Chairman made the usual reference to the memory of the late Mr. G. H. Verrall, the founder of the gathering, which was received in silence, the company standing. Later in the evening Mr. J. E. Collin spoke of the progress of the Verrall Supper Association of Entomology and again reminded his hearers of the existing rules framed to ensure the success of the gathering, and it was to be hoped that the Membership and subscription list might be increased to enable the function to be greatly extended. Mr. Collin gracefully referred to the honour of knighthood recently conferred on the Chairman and to the great services ‘Sir Edward Poulton had rendered to Entomological Science and the inspiration he had given to all with whom he had come into contact. This distinction was not only a personal one but a gesture of appreciation to entomological Science. These remarks were received with great applause and musical honours for the Chairman. The meeting broke up at a late hour and was one of the most success- ful yet held.—H. Wituovexsy Enis, Hon. Secretary.
The Sixth International Congress of Entomology is due this year and will be held in Madrid, from 6th-12th September. The President will be Prof. Ignacio Bolivar. All who wish to take part in any section of the Congress work should write to Prof. Bolivar, at the Museo National de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid-6. Tbe subscription of mem- bers will be thirty shillings which must be sent to the above address. All full members will be entitled to a copy of the Congress Proceedings.
Tue Wasp.—Under this title we have received a small book of quarto size, written under the auspices of the Carnegie Trust by Dr. Laidlow, dealing with the genus Vespa, chiefly as it occurs in Scotland. The information is short, terse, and to the point, illustrated as it is by the eight excellent plates, three of which arein colour. The letterpress deals to some extent in tabulated form with the general external characters and structure, the genital apparatus, the specific character- istics, the life-history, habits and distribution. The get-up of the book is attractive and the matter spaced to facilitate consultation. No one with this book could fail to identify any British wasp he met with. The small price of this excellent work is 3/-.
FWEVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS.
CataLoGuE pes LéprmoprERES DE FRancE ET DE Bexeique. Publié sous la direction de Léon Lhomme. Le Carriol 1923-1935. Volume I. 800 pages. Price 125 francs.—The concluding pages of Addenda and Indices having come to hand, we may heartily congratulate Monsieur Lhomme on the termination of this volume, which includes the so- called Macrolepidoptera of France and Belgium (incidentally we may note that some microlepidopterous groups are included). ‘The species dealt with number 1676 and under each species are given (1) references to Staudinger’s and Hampson’s Catalogues and to figures in Seitz, Culot, Berce, Lampert, etc., (2) a list of localities, (3) ~ named forms, with short descriptions and localities, and (4) larval food-plants. The Catalogue is therefore far more than a bare list of names and all these details “will be of use to workers on the British species. Volume IL., which will contain the Microlepidoptera, is in course of preparation and publication will, we hope, commence shortly.—T. BarnsriccE FLETCHER.
56 ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 15.1V.1985-
@BITUARY.
Florence Jane Kirk.
On 29th January last, my very dear friend, assistant, and constant.
companion for over 20 years, passed away at the early age of 38.
Left an orphan before she. was 18 Miss Kirk devoted herself with untiring patience and self sacrifice to the care and education of her four younger sisters; two of whom are now married.
Miss Kirk’s great ability as an entomologist was recognised by all who had the opportunity of seeing her work in the field, or as an
observer of living insects, a study to which in the words written by one:
of my friends “ her whole nature responded so wonderfully.”
She was always able, when visiting some widespread tract of country,
to fix upon the exact spot in which we had collected years before; any
insect or bird once seen by her was never forgotten ; anything new or
strange instantly attracted her attention. Although without previous experience. or teaching, Miss Kirk was
very successful with the drawings and plans which were so great a help.
to me in my work... Many Fellows will recall her excellent drawings
on the black-board at the meetings of the Royal Entomological Society
of London. I shall always remember with gratitude the great ability with which she planned all our equipment for the field, contrived new methods of