a ses ; eer hari ee eH! ieee, ae er Sa phat peste eee rye

ial

List of Fascicles issued to 22nd March, 1930 (continued) :-—

Part IV. Co gopTera.

Fasc. 1. Carabide. By H. E. tees nh ene. Dytiscide. By A. Zimmermann. 2 text ewes Staphylinide. By M. eats M.B. 2 text- figures. Hydrophilide. a'Orchy mont. set re Clavicomnia and Lamellicornia. By G. J. Arr ee 13 Peete! Ee. 7, 4to. 3s.

Fasc. 2._ Heteromera, Bostrychoidea, ne me Les By K.G. Blair, BSc. 14 text-figures. Elaterid eh H. van Zwaluwenberg. 10 text-figures. ee ee z). By is: Fleutiaux. Cerambycide. By

: al ae late. Bret a oe By R. Kleine. 4 text-figures.

Anthribide Kart. Ie ordan, Ph.D. 11 text-figures. Proterhinide. By

R.C.L. eee DiSc., F.R.S. Pp. B74. 1928, 4to. 5s.

Fasc. 3. Throscide. By K. G. Blair, B.Sc. 1 text-figure. somelide. By S. Maulik, M.A. 18 text-figures. "Pp. 175-215. 1929, 4to. oe

Fasc. 4. Platypedidae and Scol; ark By C. F. C. Beeson, D.Sc. 3 text- figures, “Pp. 217-248 1920" tants,

Part V. HyMENOPTERA. eee 1. Apoidea, S hecoides: and Vespoidea. By R. C. L. Paving D.Sc.

. and _L. Evelyn Cheesman, F.ES., S. 12 text-figures. ride. By Francis X. Williams. 12 text-figures. Formicide. By Dr. F. Santschi.

9 text-figures. Pp. 1-58. 1928, 4to. 5s.

Part VI. Duptera.

Fasc. 1. Streblide and Nycteribiide. By L.Falcoz. 7 text-figures. Hippo- boscide. By G. F. Ferris. 6 text-figures. Pp. 1-21. 1927, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Fasc. 2. Nematocera. By F.W.Edwards, M.A. 20text-figures. Cecidomyine. By H.F. Bares, BA. Ph.D. 4 text-figures.’ Pp. 23-108. 1928, 4to. or.

Fasc. 3. Stratiomyiide:, Tabanide and Asilide. By Gertrude Ricardo. 6 text- gures. rve of Stratiomyiide. _. . A; Buxton, M.A. text- ae Dolichopodide. By C.G. Lamb, Sc.D. 8 text-figures. Sarcophagide, P. uxton, M.A. 9 text-figures. Muscide. By J. R. Malloch. Pp. 109-175. "1929, 4to. 5s.

pie af ae Been and P Hiewsnk y J. E. Collin, 7 tent-fgures, Syrphidae ee Me Gal 2 text-fi ie Clustidae (Heteroneuridae) and San yergeiine) By it R. Mallick 6 text-figures. Pp. 177-213. 1929, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Fasc. 5. Ortalidae J. R. Malloch. 6 text-figures. Calliphoridae. By J. R. Malloch. Pa it -237. 1930, 4tc. 2s.

Part VII. Orner Orpers or INsEcTs.

Fasc. 1. Isoptera : ey Hee By Gerald F. Hill. _ 14 text-figures and

plate. Odonata. By Lt.-Col. C Basser, I.M.S., F.E.S. 5 text-figures. Pp. 1-44. 1927, 4to. a 6d.

Fasc. 2. Plectoptera. vie J. Billys a Cantab.), F.R.S., and J. A.

estage. 2 text- onaptera. uxton, ysanoptera.

By Richard S. Bagnall: _ R: ESF.LS: yelrhaat Pp. 45-76. 1928, 4to. ee ee set a By eso D.Sc. 2 text-figures. Anoplura, By

Buxton richoptera. y artin ne osely. gure. aed ties By P Esben-Petersen. | text-figure and apn Apterygota. By George H. pie con Sc. 32text-figures. Pp.77-116. 1928, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Part VIII. TerrestrrAL ARTHROPODA OTHER THAN INSECTS. Fasc. |. Isopoda_ Terrestria. a Harold G,. Jackson, DSc. 2 plates. Scor-

pionoidea. By uxton, M.A. Pseudo-scorpiones. By A. Kastner. oe Acarina. By Stanley Hirst. 2 text-figures. "Pa: 1-27. 1927, 4to

Fase. 2. Myriopoden (Myriopod By C. Att 4 text-figur Araignées (Araneida). By De Laced peace) 79 text- Reuven Pp. 2-28. #1929, 4to. oH 6d.

Date Issued.

19th December N927:

25th February, 1928. 23rd February, 1929.

Dit Jane, 192.

25th February, 1928.

23rd July, 1987S 23rd June, 1928.

11th May, 1929.

27th July, 1929. 22nd March, 1930.

28th May,'1927. 23rd June, 1928.

28th July,{1928.

23rd July, 1927. 22nd June, 1929.

Mecpes Vtaay {i

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 2 Ged. SONI Gi | Oe Ae o

INSECTS OF SAMOA

AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODA

PART VI. DIPTERA FASC. 6. Pp. 239-251

~LONCHAEIDAE, CHLOROPIDAE AND PIOPHILIDAE | By J. R. MALLOCH,

BUREAU OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY, WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.As

WITH THREE TEXT-FIGURES

~~ = RS x . 5 or Re ey o (: Sapitia ine BS a mm DEPARTMENT Cf : NS OF a %7 Wromooe a LONDON: | i PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM i | SOLD AT

THe British Musrum (Natural History), CRomwELL Roan, S.W.7

ae aah AND BY

B. QuanitcH, Lrp.; Dunav & Co., Lrp.; ann THE OxrorD UNiIvERSITy Press. Re ie ee 1930

Issued 22nd November, 1930.) [Price One Shilling.

INSECTS OF SAMOA

AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODA

Although a monograph, or series of papers, dealing comprehensively with the land arthropod fauna of any group of islands in the South Pacific may be expected to yield valuable results, in connection with distribution, modification due to isolation, and other problems, no such work is at present in existence. In order in some measure to remedy this deficiency, and in view of benefits directly accruing to the National Collections, the Trustees of the Bnitish Museum have undertaken the publication of an account of the Insects and other _ Terrestrial Arthropoda collected in the Samoan Islands, in 1924-1925, by Messrs. P. A. Buxton and G. H. E. Hopkins, during the Expedition of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine to the South Pacific. Advantage has been taken of the opportunity thus afforded, to make the studies as complete as possible by including in them all Samoan material of the groups concerned in both the British Museum (Natural History) and (by courtesy of the authorities of that mstitution) the Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

It is not intended that contributors to the text shall be confined to the —

Museum Staff or to any one nation, but, so far as possible, the assistance of the leading authorities on all groups to be dealt with has been obtained,

The work is divided into nme “Parts” (see p. 3 of wrapper), which are

subdivided into “ Fascicles.”’ Each of the latter, which appear as ready in

any order, consists of one or more contributions. On the completion of the systematic portion of the work it is proposed to issue, in Part IX, a general survey, summarising the whole and drawing from it such conclusions as may be warranted.

A list of Fascicles already issued will be found on pp. 3 and 4 of this wrapper. |

E. E. AUSTEN, Keeper of Entomology. British Museum (Natura History), CromMwELL Roap, S.W.7.

TG ae ee ete =e aS ae I ee a) ee eee

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INSECTS OF SAMOA

Part VI, Fasc. 6

DIPTERA

LONCHAKIDAE, CHLOROPIDAE, PIOPHILIDAE By J. R. Matrocu, Bureau of Biological Survey, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. (With 3 Text-figures) LONCHAEHIDAE.

Tuts family is a rather small one, containing but one generally accepted genus, which has been divided into several subgenera by Bezzi. The species are very widely distributed, occurring in every faunal region, and are very similar in general appearance. All are black, with a more or less pronounced blue or green tinge, rarely metallic green or golden, and the wings are never distinctly marked though in some cases they are rather deeply tinged with fuscous. None of the species known to me have the knobs of the halteres pale, and all have the legs mainly black, only the tarsi being partly yellow in certain species.

The larvae occur under bark, or in decaying fruits or vegetables. I have reared some North American species, and find that under certain circumstances they are cannibalistic, while the frequency with which they attack dipterous larvae, even their own kind, leads me to believe that they are generally predaceous. They are capable of jumping, which they accomplish by bending round, attaching the mouth-hooks to the anal extremity and exerting muscular force, which, upon the sudden release of the mouth-hooks, propels them from the surface sometimes for a distance of five inches. Some of the species feed in fruits, and Bezzi placed those in which the arista is clothed with long hairs in the subgenus Carpolonchaea, in which he considered the habit to be universal. I am not at all certain that there is any correlation between the presence of aristal hairs and the habit of feeding in fruits, nor that species with a bare arista will not feed in fruits.

VI. 6 239 1

240 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Bezzi recorded four species of the genus from Fiji. Several more are repre- sented in the Samoan material now before me, a key for the separation of which is given below. I am very much inclined to the belief that there are more Oriental species of the genus than Bezzi supposed, and possibly they are not so generally distributed as the published records would indicate, but without a careful examination of type specimens differentiation of closely allied species is impossible. I have figured the hypopygia of two of the Samoan species, in the hope that by doing so I may definitely establish their specific identities. Some species have a long, hair-like central process in the hypopygium, which is capable of exsertion well beyond the apex of abdomen, but is more frequently retracted (text-fig. 1) and then not visible without dissection.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

1. Arista distinctly hairy, shortest hairs on basal half very distinctly longer than its basal diameter; legs suas od black (subgenus Carpo- lonchaea) . : ; : 3 5 2, Arista bare or very minutely pubestant : : : 5 : : 6 2. Squamae fuscous, with dark fringes; frons of male parallel-sided on posterior, or upper, reo gradually and distinctly widened from anterior third to bases of antennae ; scutellum with some stiff hairs on margin between the bristles, two or more at apex; wings

yellowish hyaline, not paler at base. : : , : . uniformis, sp. n. Squamae yellowish white, with pale fringes . : : , : : 3 3. Males. ; ; : : : : : : : : : 4 Females . : 5

4. Width of frons in middie mot more than one- third of ite iengthi in eentre” hypopygium as in text-figure 2; wings not epumnouly pale at

base : . nigritella, sp. 0. Width of frons in medals about one- ‘half of its length j in genteel: fence pygium as in text-figure 1 ; wings conspicuously yellow at bate . filifera Bezzi

5. Ovipositor slender, apically not as wide as third antennal segment ; wings not at all yellow at base, somewhat brownish on basal por- tion of veins”. nmgritella, sp. n. Ovipositor broad, aio: at feast as ide as third antennal eeertent with abruptly pointed tip; wings aac a at base, bases of veins pale yellow . : : . firfera Bezzi 6. Face with rather broad, rounded, vertical, median carina; basal seg- ment of all tarsi yellow, blackened at apex; metallic green species, dorsum of abdomen with a golden tinge (subgenus Lamprolonchaea). aurea Macquart. 7. Face not carinate; legs entirely black; black species, with slight bluish or aeneous lustre on dorsum (subgenus Lonchaea) . ° ° . unisela, 0. sp.

LONCHAKIDAE. 241

1. Lonchaea (Lamprolonchaea) aurea Macquart.

A very widely distributed species, readily distinguishable from any of its congeners by its brilliantly green body and carinate face. The arista is bare, the basal segment of each tarsus yellow except at the apex, the squamae are pale with pale fringes, and there is no outstanding bristle on the anteroventral surface of the hind femur.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, 30.1x.1923 (Swezey & Wilder), 4.x1.1924 (Bryan), 14.x1.1925 (Buxton & Hopkins), Leone Road, 29.11.1926 (Judd). Upolu: Apia, 14.v.1924, 20.x.1923 (Armstrong), 8.v.1924; Malololelei, 51.1924 (Arm- strong), 30.x1.1924. Savaii: Safune, 12.v.1924 (Bryan). In addition I have before me a specimen from the Ellice Islands, Funafuti, ix.1924 (Buxton). Recorded by Bezzi from Fiji, and occurring throughout the Pacific Islands and southward into Australia.

2. Lonchaea (Carpolonchaea) filifera Bezzi (Text-fig. 1).

This species, originally described from material from the Philippine Islands, has also been recorded from Fiji and Australia. Fre- quently the hair-hke hypopygial organ is very prominently protruded, and then the male is readily distinguishable ‘i from any other species. L. filifera is shining black, with the scutellum slightly pollinose, the legs black, and the bases of the wings and squamae whitish yellow. The hind femur has a few short setulae on the apical half or

more of the anteroventral surface, but no outstanding a bristles Trext-Fric. 1.—Lonchaea

; ey v h : jiifera Bezzi—Hy-

Upolu: Apia, 3.11.1924 (Armstrong), 28.1v.1925; x1.1924, — popygium: (a) from Aleipata, 10.iv.1924. Savaii: Safune, lower forest, 1,000- ae (0) from the 2,000 feet, 4,5.v.1924 (Bryan). an

3. Lonchaea (Carpolonchaea) nigritella, sp. n. (Text-fig. 2).

g. Glossy black, legs entirely black, face lightly clothed with whitish dust, frons dull black except posterior third of orbits, which are glossy ; wings slightly tinged with brown, less obviously so on anal region, veins dark brown, hardly paler at base ; squamae and their fringes white.

242 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Frons nearly three times as long as its width at vertex, slightly narrowed in centre, with numerous very short hairs which are densest near sides, postverticals minute, all other bristles present and well developed ; lunule hairy ; antennae situated a little below middle of face in profile, attaming mouth margin, third segment rather broad, hardly three times as long as wide ; arista with its longest hairs about half as long as width of third antennal segment ; eyes bare; palpi slightly widened. Thorax with two pairs of postsutural dorsocentrals, and (in case of type) with two pairs of postsutural acrostichals, mesonotum not very densely clothed with hair ; scutellum with a few fine hairs on margin between the strong bristles ; sterno- pleura with one strong and one weak bristle ; meso- pleura with several anteriorly curved discal bristles. Hypopygium as Fig. 2. Legs normal, hind femur without outstanding, anteroventral, preapical bristles.

_ Inner cross vein well proximad of apex of first vein

Te z peg el is 9" and middle of discal cell; first posterior cell very

ella, sp. n. Hypopygium :

(a) from below; (b) from slightly narrowed apically.

the side. 2. Similar to g, differmg in having the frons wider, at vertex about equal in width to one-half of its length. There is no second pair of postsutural acrostichals in the allotype, although they are represented in two paratypes. Genitalia normal, apex of ovipositor drawn out into a narrow point.

Length, 3-3-5 mm.

Upolu: Apia, Mt. Vaea, 1,200 feet, type, 20.11.1925 ; Malololelei, 2,000 feet, allotype, 20.vi.1924 (Buxton & Hopkins). Tutuila : iv.1918, 21.vu.1918, paratypes (Kellers).

4. Lonchaea (Carpolonchaea) uniformis, sp. n.

g. Sumilar to foregoing species in general coloration, but with squamae brown or fuscous, with blackish fringes.

Differs in structure in having the frons uniformly wide on upper two-thirds and more widened in front, the third antennal segment fully three times as long as wide, a quite strong forwardly curved bristle on each cheek near anterior margin, and the sternopleura with two almost equally long bristles. Fourth

CHLOROPIDAE. 243

visible tergite of abdomen longer than third. Marginal hairs on scutellum between the bristles stronger than in the preceding species.

Length, 4:5 mm.

Savai: Safune, type 13,v.1924 (Bryan).

5. Lonchaea (Lonchaea) uniseta, sp. n.

3. Very similar to L. wniformis in general coloration ; thorax and abdomen glossy black, legs entirely black, frons dull black except on upper orbits, sguamae fuscous with dark fringes.

Frons in § about 2°5 times as long as its width at vertex, with sides incurved centrally and outwardly inclined at both extremities, anterior width being a little less than the vertical, surface with microscopic hairs, all bristles present, and all except postvertical pair quite strong; eyes bare; antennae attaining mouth margin, third segment nearly three times as long as wide, rounded at apex ; arista bare ; cheek with a well developed, anteriorly directed, curved bristle near anterior margin. Thorax with two pairs of postsutural dorsocentrals and but one pair of acrostichals, sternopleurals 2, mesopleura with some forwardly sloping bristles on disc ; scutellum with some short hairs on margin between the strong bristles. Fourth tergote in male a little longer than third. Hind femur in both sexes with one outstanding bristle beyond middle on anteroventral surface.

Frons of 2 wider than that of 3, and somewhat shining.

Length, 3-5-4:5 mm.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, type ¢ and allotype, 12.iv.1924 (Bryan); Leone Road, paratypes, 7.1x.1923 (Swezey & Wilder). Sava: Safune, paratypes, 5.v.1924 (Bryan). Manua: Ofu, paratype, 27.11.1924 (A. F. Judd).

The last specimen referred to in the foregoing paragraph is rather doubtfully identical with the others, but nevertheless agrees fairly well except in having somewhat wider frons.

CHLOROPIDAE.

In comparison with the eight genera and sixteen species recorded by Bezzi as occurring in Fiji, the subjoined list of Samoan species, which includes but six genera and seven species, is quite meagre.

244 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

OsSCINOSOMINAE. Hopkinsella, gen. n.

Similar in general habitus and structure to the Australian Parahippelates Becker and Ephydroscinis Malloch, differing from the former in lacking the hind tibial spur, from E’phydroscinis in. having the male arista normal in structure, and from both genera in possessing but two instead of three or four pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles. The prescutellar pair of acrostichal bristles is undeveloped, and the two series of acrostichal hairs are in regular rows and not cruciate as in the other two genera. There is one pair of presutural dorsocentrals, which is situated close in front of the suture, and one incurved bristle situated far up on each humerus. Arista bearing short hairs ; vibrissae fine and short. Scutellum without discal setulae. Wings rather narrow; legs slender, the hind tibial sensory area almost slit-like.

Genotype : Hopkinsella purpurascens, sp. n.

6. Hopkinsella purpurascens, sp. n.

$9. Head testaceous yellow, occiput and posterior portion of cheeks black, anterior margin of frons orange-yellow, posterior margin fuscous, triangle brilliant purple, slightly yellowish at anterior extremity ; third antennal segment tinged with brown apically and above ; arista black ; palpi testaceous yellow ; proboscis black. Frons slightly longer than its width at vertex, triangle extending to anterior margin of frons and almost across vertex, latter with usual four bristles and a weak postvertical pair, ocellar bristles rather short, divergent and slightly proclinate, each lateral margin of frons with about three fine bristles, some short hairs on each side of triangle anteriorly but none on it; third antennal segment rather large, about three times as wide as height of cheek, and higher than long, its apex broadly rounded ; longest hairs on arista about as long as its basal diameter ; proboscis geniculate but not elongate; palpi moderately large and without abnormal armature ; eyes bare, a little higher than long. Thorax black, slightly shining, mesonotum microscopically shagreened, humeral angles and propleura testaceous yellow, sometimes brownish. Thorax not very noticeably convex, with sparse hairs, including two acrostichal series on almost its entire extent; dorso-centrals not strong ; scutellum, slightly flattened on disc, and fully as long as wide, with two moderately long apical bristles and generally

CHLOROPIDAE. 245

two setulae on each side basad of them. Abdomen shining brownish black, narrow, g hypopygium small. Legs without exceptional armature, testaceous yellow, generally with apices of middle and hind femora and greater portion of hind tibiae infuscated. Wings varying from greyish hyaline to distinctly infuscated, sometimes almost entirely pale brown. Inner cross vein slightly beyond apex of first vein, penultimate section of fourth vein subequal to ultimate section of fifth and about one-third as long as ultimate section of fourth ; second costal division about 2-5 times as long as third, latter slightly longer than first ; first posterior cell very slightly narrowed at apex. Halteres yellow. ~ Length, 2-25-3 mm.

Upolu: Vailima, type 9, 12.xi1.1925 (Buxton & Hopkins). Savai:

Salailua and Safune, allotype and 16 paratypes, 5:9, 23.v.1924 (Bryan).

Prohippelates Malloch.

This genus was erected for the reception of a West Indian species previously placed in the genus Hippelates Loew (= Cadrema Walker), but differing from any other therein in having two long, fine hairs on the proboscis in the male, and the dorsal surface of the scutellum flattened. The female lacks the two long hairs on the proboscis, but is otherwise similar to the male. The hind tibial spur is very long, as long as the basal segment of the hind tarsus.

7. Prohippelates pallidus (Loew).

This widely distributed species would appear to be common in Samoa, since it is represented in the material before me by some three dozen specimens from Tutuila, Savaii, Upolu, and Tau in the Manua group.

Only a few of the specimens are yellow on the mesonotum and on the dorsum of the abdomen, and have yellowish bristles, the great majority having the mesonotum broadly black on the disc and the bristles and hairs dark. The Cuban examples which I have seen are in most cases entirely yellow and yellow haired, but occasionally specimens are found in which there are traces of two dark vittae on the mesonotum. On the basis of material from the Seychelles Islands, Lamb described the species under the name Hvppelates longiseta. In the Seychelles the prevailing forms are identical with those found in Cuba, and I have seen the same forms from the Hawaiian Islands. H. bilineatus de Meijere may be the same,

246 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Many of the West Indian specimens in the United States National Museum were reared from larvae feeding in dead shell-fish.

Cadrema Walker.

The only species of this genus represented in the material before me is slightly aberrant in having the scutellum flattened above much as in the preceding genus, although the scutellum is shorter. The tibial spur on the hind legs is hardly longer than the diameter of the tibia at its apex. This species does not agree

with any of those recorded by Bezzi from the Fiji Islands, and is described below as new.

8. Cadrema samoaénsis, sp. n.

3°. Head orange-yellow ; antennae black, lower half of third segment orange- yellow ; palpi yellow; frontal triangle with only a small spot within ocellar region black ; occiput blackened centrally. Frons longer than wide at vertex, triangle highly polished and smooth, extending to anterior margin, its extremity rather bluntly rounded ; all four verticals, the post-verticals, and about five setulae along each orbit about equally long, ocellars and a pair of setulae in centre margin shorter ; third antennal segment somewhat reniform, higher than long ; arista distinctly black pubescent ; face narrowed below ; eyes distinctly hairy ; cheek almost linear ; palpi moderate ; proboscis stout. Thorax orange-yellow, with three shining black vittae on mesonotum which are fused except posteriorly, lateral pair not extending to hind margin of mesonotum ; pleura unspotted ; scutellum very slightly darkened on sides at base. Thoracic dorsum with numerous decumbent hairs which are set in minute punctures, somewhat aggre- gated on a line on each side where the dorsocentrals occur in other genera ; scutellum almost rounded in outline, flattened on disc, with a pair of apical bristles. Abdomen black, shining, yellowish at extreme base, moderately stout, and without abnormal armature. Legs coloured like thorax, not exceptionally stout or long, hind femora thickest, hind tibial spur slightly curved and not as long as that on middle tibia. Wangs greyish hyaline. Penultimate section of third vein fully half as long as penultimate section of fourth, latter not as long as ultimate section of fifth. Halteres yellow.

Length, 1-75 mm.

Savai: Salailua and Safune, type 4, allotype, and one paratype, v.1924 (Bryan).

CHLOROPIDAK. 247

Oscinosoma Lioy.

This genus, which has been referred to under various names at different times by different authors, has until recent years been generally known as Oscinis, but unfortunately the genotype of the latter is radically different from the species included in the present concept, and in fact belongs to the other subfamily ; the names Oscinella Becker, Botanobia Lioy, and Oscinosoma have more recently been used to replace Oscinis, and the last mentioned is adopted here.

Two species apparently referable to Oscinosoma are represented amongst the Samoan material before me, and these are dealt with below. In all probability many more species are yet to be found in the islands, since the genus is quite common in adjacent regions.

9. Oscinosoma agilis, sp. n.

32. Head testaceous yellow, occiput blackened, frontal triangle darkened above; antennae yellow; aristae black; palpi brown. Lyes bare, higher than long, slightly oblique; frons distinctly longer than its width at vertex, triangle extending to distinctly beyond middle of frons, almost equilateral ; sides of frons with several distinct setulae; third antennal segment wider than long, broadly rounded at apex; aristae distinctly pubescent ; cheeks almost linear. Thorax shining black, pleura yellow except for a patch below wing base, apex of scutellum and lateral margins of mesonotum also yellow, latter more broadly so anteriorly. Thorax slightly flattened on posterior portion of mesonotum, with fine but not dense pale hairs situated in minute punctures ; scutellum flattened on disc, with a slight rim giving it a faint suggestion of having a pointed tip, disc with fine pale hairs and apex with two yellowish bristles. Abdomen shining black, elongate, subcylindrical, male hypopygium rather larger than usual. Legs yellow, middle and hind tibiae infuscated on more than their basal halves. Legs longer than usual in this genus, hind femora fully as long as abdomen and a little stouter than the others ; basal segment of hind tarsus longer than remaining segments combined. Wangs greyish hyaline; first costal division fully two-thirds as long as second and a little longer than third ; penulti- mate section of third vein over half as long as penultimate section of fourth ; first posterior cell not narrowed at apex. Halteres pale yellow.

Length, 3 mm.

248 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Savai: Safune, 2,000-4,000 feet, rain forest, type g, 2.v.1924; Salailua, allotype, 23.v.1924 (Bryan).

10. Oscinosoma bryani, sp. n.

©. A darker species than the preceding, with frontal triangle and antennae entirely black, mesonotum shining black with only lateral margins in front of wings broadly yellowish, and a black mark on each pleural sclerite ; scutellum yellow. Abdomen shining brownish black. Legs yellow, apices of middle and hind femora and bases of middle and hind tibiae broadly blackened. Wangs greyish hyaline. Halteres yellow.

Similar to O. agilis, with about four strong setulae on each side of the frons, but the legs are not so long, the mesonotum is not noticeably flattened posteriorly, and the wings are a little shorter and wider.

Length, 2 mm.

Savai: Safune, lower rain forest, 1,000-2,000 feet, type, 5.v.1924 (Bryan). Named in honour of the collector.

CHLOROPINAE.

Bezzi recorded but one species of this subfamily from the Fiji Islands, but in the Samoan material I find examples of two, which are dealt with below.

Diplotoxa Loew.

There appear to me to be two rather distinct groups in this genus, one, containing the genotype and several other North American species, in which the third antennal segment is elongate (not less than 1-25 as long as its greatest width) and tapers slightly to the tip, and the other in which this segment is not longer than wide, and is broadly rounded at the tip, as in most species of the genus Chlorops Meigen. Of the latter group species occur in North and South America, Kurope, Tasmania, and New Zealand. In these species practically the only distinction from Chlorops consists of the more closely placed cross veins of the wing, which are rarely separated by a distance exceeding the length of the outer cross vein, and the more forwardly curved apical section of the third vein, which ends in the costa farther from the apex of the wing than in Chlorops.

There is but little difference between this group and Llliponeura Loew, the

CHLOROPIDAE. 249

latter being distinguished from it only by the lack of the outer cross vein of the wing. Llliponeura has been recorded from the Fiji Islands by Bezzi, but whether his example was an aberrant Diplotoxa it is impossible to determine without an examination of the type, which was in rather poor condition. I have in my possession a specimen from New Zealand in which the outer cross vein in both wings, except for a minute spur at its upper extremity, is lacking; this insect I refer to Diplotoxa, as it is apparently merely aberrant.

I figure below the wings of the two Samoan species, one of which I place in Diplotoxa and the other in Chlorops, to illustrate the distinctions between the genera as accepted by me. The venational differences are all that can be depended upon for the separation of the two concepts, and these are not always as sharply marked as in the two examples here figured.

11. Diplotoxa polita, sp. n.

3. Head orange-yellow, upper occiput except lateral angles black, frontal triangle glossy black, yellowish on sides anteriorly ; antennae and palpi orange- yellow ; arista dark. Eyes bare, higher than long, slightly oblique ; frons longer than its width at vertex, much narrowed in front, triangle smooth, occupying practically all of vertex and extending to anterior margin, its anterior ex- tremity appearing very much attenuated because of the black colour being reduced to a central line ; vertical and post-vertical bristles very short and fine ocellars minute ; third antennal segment a little higher than long; arista pubescent; cheek linear in front, vibrissal hair distinct but not very strong ; face slightly receding below ; proboscis short ; palpi moderate. Mesonotum glossy black, with a small Trxt-ric. 3.—A, Diplotoxa yellow mark on inner side of each humeral angle, and =P") sp. 2. Wing. B, ; Chlorops minutula, sp. n. a larger one on each side at suture; pleura largely — wing. black, propleura and margins of other sclerites yellowish ; scutellum yellow, narrowly black on sides. Thorax with dorsum bearing short hairs in minute punctures, and with traces of three shallow, impunctate sulci; scutellum flattened on disc, which appearance is emphasised by the black lateral margins, the outline subtriangular, margin with four bristles,

250 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

apical pair longest. Abdomen shining brownish black, narrow and tapering, hypopygium of male yellow, small. Wangs hyaline, venation as in text-fig. 3, a. Legs and knobs of halteres orange-yellow ; legs normal, hind femora not thickened. Length 1 mm. Tutuila: Pago Pago, type § and allotype, 20 and 10.ix.1923, respectively (Swezey & Wilder).

Chlorops Meigen.

The species dealt with below is very similar to Diplotoxa polita in general appearance, but must be assigned to Chlorops in the accepted sense because of its wing venation. It is one of the smallest species of this genus that I have seen, and should be readily distinguishable from any other by means of that character and its coloration.

12. Chlorops minutula, sp. n.

& Head testaceous yellow, frons more orange-yellow, triangle brown, becoming blackish posteriorly where the colour merges into the black occiput ; antennae yellow (third segment lacking in type); palpi yellow. LHyes bare ; frons about 1-5 as long as its width at vertex, narrowed in front, but not as markedly so as in Diplotoxa polita, triangle extending to anterior margin, its sides straight, its length distinctly exceeding its width at vertex ; cheeks narrow in front, face slightly receding below. Thorax almost as in Diplotoxa polita, shining brownish-black, humeri and scutellum more yellowish, pleura still paler, but with usual black marks on all sclerites except below prothoracic spiracle. Abdomen concolorus with mesonotum. Legs orange-yellow. Wangs hyaline, venation as in text-fig. 3, B. Halteres yellow.

Length 1 mm.

Upolu: Apia, type, 12.ix.1923, ‘“‘ Sporobolus”? (Swezey & Wilder). One specimen.

Beyond the single word “ Sporobolus ” there is nothing to indicate the habits of the species, and it is probable that the specimen was merely collected on the grass. The larvae are undoubtedly miners in some such plant, but whether in this one or not is uncertain from the record.

PIOPHILIDAE. 251

PIOPHILIDAE.

Bezzi records two species of the genus Pophila as occurring in the Fiji Islands, but only one is represented in the material now before me. The common P. casei Linné, of Europe, is not included, though in all probability it is to be found in Samoa.

Piophila Fallén.

13. Piophila contecta (Walker).

A widely distributed species, occurring in Australia and northward to the Philippines.

Upola: Apia, No. 667, from body of dead rat, 23.v.1924 (Buxton & Hopkins); Malololelei, 2.vii.1924 (Armstrong),, and vu.1925 (Wilder) ; Afiamalo, 7.x1.1923 (Wilder). Savau: Safune, 12.v.1924 (Bryan).

LIST OF TEXT-FIGURES.

Text-Fic. 1. Hypopygium of Lonchaea jilifera Bezzi; (a) from below ; (6) from the side. Text-Fic. 2. Hypopygium of Lonchaea nigritella, sp. n.; (a) from below ; (6) from the side. Text-Fic. 3. Wings of Diplotoxa polita, sp. n. (A), and Chlorops minutula, sp. n. (B).

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LTD., LONDON AND BECCLES,

INSECTS OF SAMOA

AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODA

LIST OF PARTS AND SYSTEM OF PUBLICATION :—

Part I. Orthoptera and Dermaptera. » Il. Hemiptera. » III. Lepidoptera. IV. Coleoptera. » V. Hymenoptera. ,» MI. Diptera. » WII. Other Orders of Insects. » VIII. Terrestrial Arthropoda other than Insects. » LX. Summary and Index.

The work is published at intervals in the form of numbered fascicles. Although individual fascicles may contain contributions by more than one author, each fascicle is so arranged as to form an integral portion of one or

other of the Parts specified above.

List of Fascicles issued to 22nd Nh, somber! 1930 :-—

Insects of Samoa and other Samoan Terrestrial Arthropoda. Maps | and Date Issued, 2 (in envelope). 1927, 4to. 6d. 26th February, 1927.

Part I. OrTHOPTERA AND DERMAPTERA. Fasc. 1. Dermaptera. By Dr. Alfredo Borelli. Pp. 1-8. 1928, 4to. Is. 28th July, 1928. Fasc. 2. Orthoptera. By Dr. L. Chopard. 51 text-figures. Pp. 9-58. 1929,4to. 5s. 26th January, 1929.

Part II. HeEmIpTERA. Fasc. 1. Fulgoroidea. By F. Muir. 25 text-figures. Psyllide (Chermide). By Prof. D. L. Crawford. 4 text-figures. Coccide, Aphidide and Aleyrodide. By F. Laing, M.A., B.Sc. 3 text-figures. Pp. 1-45. 1927, 4to. 2s. 6d. 25th June, 1927. Fasc. 2. Cercopide. By V. Lallemand, M.D. 10 text-figures. Cicadide. By iS Myers, Sc.D. 22 text-figures. Aquatic and Semi-aquatic Heteroptera. y Prof. Veiso Esaki. 6 text-fgures. Pp. 47-80. 1928, 4to. 2s. 6d. 23rd June, 1928. Sey ael . By W.E. China, B.A. (Cantab.). 28 “fi : Fase “B1-162 1030," Ato. 5s. Pe ee ee DGIR Tale, 1930: Parr III. LepipopTera. Fasc. 1. Butterflies of Samoa and some neighbouring Island-groups. By G.H. E. Hopkins, M.A., F.E.S. 1 text-figure and 4 plates. Pp. 1-64. 1927, 4to. 5s. 9th April, 1927. Fasc. 2. Micro-Lepidoptera. By Edward Meyrick, B.A., F.R.S. Pp. 65-116. 927 4to2n Gd on : 28th May, 1927. Fasc. 3. G itride. By Louis B. Prout. F-E.S, 2 text-fi d 1 plate. Pp. 117-168. 1928, 4to, 25.67. 2th March, 1928.

Dict of Paceicles usened to) 22nel November, 1930 (continued) :—

Part IV. CoLropTeEra. Fasc. 1- th a By H. E. Andrewes. 9 text-figures. Dytiscide. By A.

immermann. 2 text-figures. Staph: limde. By meron, M.B. 2 text- gures. Sek aye By A, d’Orchymont. 1 text re Clavicornia and Lamellicornia. By G. J. Arrow. 13 text-figures. Be 1927, 4to. 3s. Fasc. 2. Heteromera, Bostrychoides. Malacodermata a Bupresl! By K.G. Blair, B.Sc. 14 text-figures. Elateride. By R. H. van Zwaluwenberg. 10

text-figures. Mes Gacy By E. Fleutiaux. Cerambycide. By. Chr. papal

late

Anthribide. Kart eer 11 text-figures. Proterhinide. RoC: te... By art ‘RS. be Poh. 1928; 4to. 5s. ;

Fasc. 3. Throscide. By K. G. Blair, BSc. 1. text-figure. Ghaaamchde. By S. Maulik, M.A. 18 text-figures. Pp. 175-215. 1929, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Fasc. 4. Platypodidae and Scolytidae. By C. F. C. Beeson, D.Sc. 13 text- figures. Pp, 217-248. 1929, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Part V. HYMENOPTERA. Fasc. 1. Apoidea, Sphecoidea, and Vespoidea. By R. C. L. Perkins, DSc, F.R.S., and L. Evelyn Cheesman, F.E:S., 1 text-ficures. lLarride.

By Francis X. Williams. 12 text-figures. Formicide. By Dr. ; Santschi, 9 text-figures. Pp. 1-58. 1928, 4to. 5s.

Part VI. Drprera. Fasc. 1.. Streblide and Nycteribiide. By L. Faleoz. 7 text-figures, Hipna: boscide. By G. F. Ferris. 6 text-figures. Pp. 1-21. 1927, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Fasc. 2. ee By F.W.Edwards, M.A. 20text-figures. Cecidomyine, By H. F. Barnes, B.A., Ph h.D. 4 text-figures. Pp. 23-108. 1928, 4to. 5s.

By

Fase. 3. Sienna Tabanide and Asilide. By Gertrude Ricardo. 6 text- _

gures. Larve of Stratiomyiide. By P. A: Buxton, M.A. 2 aan DOU CnOL CeCe By C. G. Lamb, Sc.D. 8 text-figures. Sarcophagide.' 2 Buxton, M.A. 9 text-feures. Muscide. By BIR Malloch. Pp. 109-175. "1929, 4to. 5s.

Fasc. 4. Empididae and De By j. Collin. 7 se Syrphidae. By Fran . 2 text-figures. Food Heteroneuridae) an Sapromavadac By J. R: “Malloch, 6 text-figures. Pp. 177-213. 1929, to . Oa, ; ;

Fasc. 5. Ortalidae. By J. R. Malloch. 6 ference Calliphoridae. By J. R. Malloch. Pp. 215-237, 1930, 4to. 2s.

Fasc. 6. Lonchaeidae, Chloropidae andl Hoe ules By J. R. Malloch, 3 text-figures. Pp, 239-251. 1930. Is.

Part VII. Otuer Orpers or INsEcTs.

Fase. 1. Isoptera: Family Termitide. By Gerald F. Hill. 14 text-figures and I plate. Odonata, By Lt.-Col. F. C. Fraser, I.M.S., F.E.S. 5 text-figures. Pp. 1-44. 1927, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Fasc. 2. Plectoptera. By R. J. ee an ce nee pee and J. A. Lestage. 2text-fgures. Siphonaptera. uxton, M Thysanoptera.

Ee mG Bagnall, F.R.S.E., F.LS. Cae Pp. ‘B16 1928, 4to. pe i oo heee By J. eras D.Sc. 2 text-figures. Anoplura. By

Buxton Tric hoptera. | By artin KE. osely. | figure, Rearend By P. Esben-Petersen. 1 text-figure and 2 plates. Apterygota. By George H.Carpenter,D.Sc. 32text-figures. Pp.77-116. 1928,4to. 2s. 6d.

Part VIII. ‘TeRRestrI1AL ARTHROPODA OTHER THAN INSECTS.

Fasc. 1. Isopoda Terrestria. By Harold G. Jackson, DSc. 2 plates. Scor- pionoidea. By P. A, Buxton, M.A. Pseudo-scorpiones. By A. Kastner. 1 ea heutey, Acarina. By Stanley Hirst. 2 text-figures. Pp. 1-27. 1927,

to . Od. Fasc. 2. _Myrionoden (Myriopoda). By C. Attems. 4 text-figures. Araignées

(Araneida). By Dr. Lucien Berland. 79 text-figures. Pp. 29-78. 1929, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Parr IX. Summary AND INDEX. -

Fasc. 1. Description of the Environment. By P. A. Buxton, M.R.C.S. 2 text-figures and 6 plates. Pp. 1-31. 1930, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Brent hide. By R. Kleine. 4 text-figures.

22nd June, 1929.

Date Issued.

19th December, 1927.

25th February, 1928. 23rd February, 1929. 22nd June, 1929.

25th February, 1928).

23rd July, 1927.

MBrd June, 1928.)

11th May, 1929. OTth faly, 1920.08

22nd March, 1930. 22nd November, 1930.

Oy,

28th May, 1927. 23rd June, 1928.

28th July, 1928.

23rd July, 1927.

22nd November, 1930.

Se Be eS s See