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THE PALI TEXT SOCIETY'S PALI-ENGLISH DICTIONARY

EDITED BY

T. W. RHYS DAVIDS F.B.A. D.Sc. Ph.D. LL.D. D.Litt and WILLIAM STEDE Ph.D.

Part I (A)

PUBLISHED BY

THE PALI TEXT SOCIETY

LONDON

First published - - - 1921 Reprinted - - - - 1949 Reprinted . - - - 1952

THE PALI TEXT SOCIETY'S PALI-ENGLISH DICTIONARY

THE PALI TEXT SOCIETY'S PALI-ENGLISH DICTIONARY

EDITED BY

T. W. RHYS DAVIDS, F.B.A., D.Sc, Ph.D., LL.D., D.Litt. and WILLIAM STEDE, Ph.D.

PUBLISHED BY

THE PALI TEXT SOCIETY

LONDON

Printed in Great Britain by Billing and Sons Ltd., Guildford and Esher

URL

PK 09

Pl5p

FOREWORD.

It is somewhat hard to realize, seeing how important and valuable the work has been, that when Robert Caesar Childers published, in 1872, the first volume of his Pali Dictionary, he only had at his command a few pages of the canonical Pali books. Since then, owing mainly to the persistent labours of the Pali Text Society, practically the whole of these books, amounting to between ten and twelve thousand pages, have been made available to scholars. These books had no authors. They are anthologies which gradually grew up in the community. Their composition, as to the Vinaya and the four Nikayas (with the possible exception of the supplements) was complete within about a century of the Buddha's death ; and the rest belong to the following century. When scholars have leisure to collect and study the data to be found in this pre- Sanskrit literature, it will necessarily throw as much light on the history of ideas and language as the study of such names and places as are mentioned in it (quite inci- dentally) has already thrown upon the political divisions, social customs, and economic conditions of ancient India.

'Some of these latter facts I have endeavoured to collect in my 'Buddhist India'; ancjLpCThaps the most salient discovery is the quite unexpected conclusion that, for about two centuries (both before the Buddha's birth and after his death), the para- mount power in India was Kosala — a kingdom stretching from Nepal on the North to the Ganges on the South, and from the Ganges on the West to the territories of the Vajjian confederacy on the East. In this, the most powerful kingdom in India; there had naturally arisen a standard vernacular differing from the local forms of speech just as standard English differs from the local (usually county) dialects. The Pali of the canonical books is based on that standard Kosala vernacular as spoken in the 6^^ and ^"> centuries B. C. It cannot be called the 'literary' form of that vernacular, for it was not written at all till long afterwards. That vernacular was the mother tongue of the Buddha. He was born in what is now Nepal, but was then a district under the suzer- ainty of Kosala and in one of the earliest Pali documents he is represented as calling himself a Kosalan.

When, about a thousand years afterwards, some pandits in Ceylon began to write in Pali, they wrote in a style strikingly different from that of the old texts. Part of that difference is no doubt due simply to a greater power of fluent expression unham- pered by the necessity of constantly considering that the words composed had to be learnt by heart. When the Sinhalese used Pali, they were so familiar with the method of writing on palmleaves that the question of memorizing simply did not arise. It cam* up again later. But none of the works belonging to this period were intended to be learnt. They were intended to be read.

770206

On the other hand they were for the most part reproductions of older material that had, till then, been preserved in Sinhalese. Though the Sinhalese pandits were writing in Pali, to them, of course, a dead language, they probably did their thinking in their own mother tongue. Now they had had then, for many generations, so close and intimate an intercourse with their Dravidian neighbours that Dravidian habits of speech had crept into Sinhalese. It was inevitable that some of the peculiarities of their own tongue, and especially these Dravidanisms, should have influenced their style when they wrote in Pali. It will be for future scholars to ascertain exactly how far this influence can be traced in the idioms and in the order of the arrangement of the matter of these Ceylon Pali books of the fifth and sixth centuries A. D.

There is no evidence that the Sinhalese at that time knew Sanskrit. Some centuries afterwards a few of them learnt the elements of classical Sanskrit and very proud they were of it. They introduced the Sanskrit forms of Sinhalese words when writing 'high' Sinhalese. And the authors of such works as the Dathavagsa, the Saddhammo- payana, and the Mahabodhivaijsa, make use of Pali words derived from Sanskrit — that is, they turned into Pali form certain Sanskrit words they found either in the Amara-kosa, or in the course of their very limited reading, and used them as Pali. It would be very desirable to have a list of such Pali words thus derived from Sanskrit. It would not be a long one.

Here we come once more to the question of memory. From the iiih cent, onwards it became a sort of fashion to write manuals in verse, or in prose and verse, on such subjects as it was deemed expedient for novices to know. Just as the first book written in Pali in Ceylon was a chain of memoriter verses strung together by very indifferent Pali verses, so at the end we have these scarcely intelligible memo- riter verses meant to be learned by heart by the pupils.

According to the traditions handed down among the Sinhalese, Pali, that is, the language used in the texts, could also be called Magadhi. What exactly did they mean by that? They could not be referring to the Magadhi of the Prakrit grammarians, for the latter wrote some centuries afterwards. Could they have meant the dialect spoken in Magadha at the date when they used the phrase, say, the sixth century A. D. ? That could only be if they had any exact knowledge of the different vernaculars of North India at the time. For that there is no evidence, and it is in itself very improbable. What they did mean is probably simply the language used by Asoka, the king of Magadha. For their traditions also .stated that the texts had been brought to them officially by Asoka's son Mahinda; and not in writing, but in the memory of Mahinda and his companions. Now we know something of the language of Asoka. We have his edicts engraved in diff'erent parts of India, diff'ering slightly in com- pliance with local varieties of speech. Disregarding these local differences, what is left may be considered the language of head-quarters where these edicts were cer- tainly drafted. This 'Magadhi' contains none of the peculiar characteristics we associate with the Magadhi dialect. It is in fact a younger form of that standard Kosalan lingua franca mentioned above.

Now it is very suggestive that we hear nothing of how the king of Magadha became also king of Kosala. Had this happened quietly, by succession, the event would have scarcely altered the relation of the languages of the two kingdoms. That of the older and larger would still have retained its supremacy. So when the Scottish dynasty succeeded to the English throne, the two languages remained distinct, but English became more and more the standard.

VII

However this may be, it has become of essential importance to have a Dictionary of a language the history of whose literature is bound up with so many delicate and interesting problems. The Pali Text Society, after long continued exertion and many cruel rebuffs and disappointments is now at last in a position to offer to scholars the first instalment of such a dictionary.

The merits and demerits of the work will be sufficiently plain even from the first fasciculus. But one or two remarks are necessary to make the position of my colleague and myself clear.

We have given throughout the Sanskrit roots corresponding to the Pali roots, and have omitted the latter. It may be objected that this is a strange method to use in a Pali dictionary, especially as the vernacular on which PaU is based had never passed through the stage of Sanskrit. That may be so; and it may not be possible, historically, that any Pali word in the canon could have been actually derived from the corresponding Sanskrit word. Nevertheless the Sanskrit form, though arisen quite independently, may throw light upon the Pali form ; and as Pali roots have not yet been adequately studied in Europe, the plan adopted will probably, at least for the present, be more useful.

This work is essentially preliminary. There is a large number of words of which we do not know the derivation. There is a still larger number of which the derivation does not give the meaning, but rather the reverse. It is so in every living language. Who could guess, from the derivation, the complicated meaning of such words as 'conscience', 'emotion', 'disposition'? The derivation would be as likely to mislead as to guide. We have made much progress. No one needs now to use the one English word 'desire' as a translation of sixteen distinct Pali words, no one of which means precisely desire. Yet this was done in Vol. X of the Sacred Books of the East by Max Muller and FausbOll '). The same argument applies to as many concrete words as abstract ones. Here again we claim to have made much advance. But in either case, to wait for perfection would postpone the much needed dictionary to the Greek kalends. It has therefore been decided to proceed as rapidly as possible with the completion of this first edition, and to reserve the proceeds of the sale for the eventual issue of a second edition which shall come nearer to our ideals of what a Pali Dictionary should be.

We have to thank Mrs. StEDE for valuable help in copying out material noted in my interleaved copy of Childers, and in collating indexes published by the Society; Mrs. Rhys Davids for revising certain articles on the technical terms of psychology and philosophy; and the following scholars for kindly placing at our disposal the material they had collected for the now abandoned scheme of an international Pali Dictionary:

Prof. Sten Konow. Words beginning with 5 or H. (Published in J P T S. 1909 and 1907, revised by Prof. Dr. D. Andersen).

Dr. Mabel H. Bode. B, Bh and M.

Prof. Duroiselle. K.

Dr. W. H. D. Rouse. C—N.

In this connection I should wish to refer to the work of Dr. EdMOND Hardy. When he died he left a great deal of material-; some of which has reached us in time to be made available. He was giving his whole time, and all his enthusiasm to

1) See Mrs. Rhys Davids in J R A S.^ 1898, p. 58.

VlII

the work, and had he lived the dictionary would probably have been finished before the war. His loss was really the beginning of the end of the international undertaking. Anybody familiar with this sort of work will know what care and patience, what scholarly knowledge and judgment are involved in the collection of such material, in the sorting, the sifting and final arrangement of it, in the adding of cross references, in the consideration of etymological puzzles, in the comparison and correction of various or faulty readings, and in the verification of references given by others, or found in the indexes. For all this work the users of the Dictionary will have to thank my colleague. Dr. William Stede. It may be interesting to notice here that the total number of references to appear in this first edition of the new dictionary is estimated to be between one hundred and fifty and one hundred and sixty thousand. The Bavarian Academy has awarded to Dr. Stede a personal grant of 3100 marks for his work on this Dictionary.

Chipstead, Surrey. July, 1921. T. W. RHYS DAVIDS.

List of Donors to the Pali Dictionary Fund down to 1 July, 1921.

His Majesty the late King of Siam

AnonymQus

Mrs. Ludwig Mond

Royal Asiatic Society (ten donations) .... Victoria University of Manchester (four donations)

British Academy (five donations)

Gilbert H. Richardson, Esq. (three donations). .

Lord Chalmers, K.C.B

Mrs. Plimmer

F. L. Woodward, Esq. (two donations) ....

Captain Meysey Thompson

Mr. Kojiro Matsukata

Professor Charles R. Lanman

Professor James H. Woods

per Professor C. R. Lanman:

Mr. Charles D. Burrage

Mr. Albert W. Ellis

Mr. Charles T. Grinnell

Dr. William S. Bigelow

Mrs. Isabella S. Gardner

Professor James R. Jewett

£ 500 507 300 105

63 50

15

10

10

2

I

500

21

10

12 6

d.

O

I I

O

o o o o o o o o o o o

5000) 25 00) 1000) 100 00) 25

5000) 12

25 00) 6 6 1 1 £2160 6 5

1 1

5 10

7 13

At the present prices of printing and paper the whole Dictionary is estimated to. cost about M. 3500. At least M 1000 more is there- fore now urgently needed.

A.

List of the Chiefs Books consulted for Vocabulary

(with Abbreviations).

1. PALI BOOKS.

la Canonical.

Anguttara-Nikaya 5 vols. P T S. 1885 —

1900 (A). Buddha- Varisa P T S. 1882 (Bu). Cariya-Pitaka P T S. 1882 (Cp.)- Dhammapada P T S. 1914 (Dh). Dhamma-Sangani P T S. 1885 (Dhs). Digha-Nikaya 3 vols. P T 8. (D). Iti-vuttaka P T S. 1890 (It.). Katha-Vatthu 2 vols. P T S. 1894, 95

(Kvu). Khuddaka-Patha P T S. 1915 (Kh). Majjhima-Nikaya 3 vols. P T S. 1887 —

1902 (M). Niddesa I Maha° 2 vols. P T S. 1916,

17 (Nd').

Niddesa II Culla° P T S. 1918 (Nd^). Patisambhidamagga 2 vols. P T S. 1905,

1907 (Ps). Peta-Vatthu P T S. 1889 (Pv). Puggala-PaMatti P T S. 1883 (Pug). Sarjyutta-Nikaya 5 vols. P T S. 1884—

1898 (S). Sutta-Nipata P T S. 1913 (Sir). Thera-therlgatha PTS. 1883 (Th i) &

(Th 2). Udana PTS. 1885 (Ud). Vibhanga PTS. 1904 (Vbh). Vimana-Vatthu PTS. 1886 (Vv). Vinaya-Pitaka 5 vols. London 1879 —

83 (Vin).

lb Post-Canonical.

AtthasalinI, PTS. 1897 (DhsA). Buddhadatta's Manuals, PTS. 191 5

(Bdhd). Dathavaijsa, J P T S. 1884 (Davs). Dhammapada Commentary, 4 vols. PTS.

1906 — 14 (DhA). Dipavagsa, London 1879 (Dpvs). Jataka, 6 vols. London 1877 — 96 (J). Khuddaka-Patha Commentary, PTS.

19 1 5 (KhA). Mahavagsa, PTS. 1908 (Mhvs).

Maha-Bodhi-Var)sa, PTS. 1891 (Mhbv). Milindapaiiha, London 1880 (Miln). Netti-Pakarana, PTS. 1902 (Nett). Panca-gati-dlpana, J P T S. 1884 (Pgdp). Peta-Vatthu Commentary, PTS. 1894

(PvA). Puggala-Paniiatti Commentary, J P T S.

1914 (Pug A). Saddhammopayana, J PTS. 1887 (Sdhp). Sumangala-Vilasini, vol. I, PTS. 1886

(DA I).

XI

Sutta-Nipata Commentary, 2 vols. P T S.

1916 — 17 (SnA). Therlgatha Commentary, P T S. 1891

(ThA).

Vimana-Vatthu Commentary, PTS. 1901

(VvA). Visuddhi-Magga, 2 vols. PTS. 1920—

21 (Vism).

Note. The system adopted in quotations of passages from Pali text is tliat proposed in J P T S. I909i pp. 385 — 87, with this modification that Peta-v.-itthu (Pv) is quoted by canto and verse, and Culla-Niddesa (Nd') by number of word in "Explanatory Matter".

2. BUDDHIST SANSKRIT.

Avadana-sataka, ed. J. S. Speyer (Bibl. Buddhica III), 2 vols., St. Petersbourg 1906. (Av. 1).

Divyavadana, ed. Cowell & Neiil, Cambridge 1886. (Divy). Jataka-mala, ed. H. Kern (Haward Or. Ser. I), Boston 1891. (Jtm). Lalita-vistara, ed. S. Lefmann, I. Halle 1902. (Lai. V.). Maha-vastu, ed. £. Senart, 3 vols., Paris 1882 — 1897. 6iksa-samuccaya. Ed. C. Bendall. St. Petersburg, 1902 [Siks].

3. TRANSLATIONS.

Buddh. Manual of Psychological Ethics (trsl. of the Dhamma-sangani) by Mrs. Rhys Davids (R. As. Soc. Trsl. Fund XII), London 1900. [Dhs trsl.).

Compendium of Philosophy (trsl. of the Abhidhamm' attha-sangaha) by S. Z. Aung and Mrs. Rhys Davids, PTS. Trsl. 1910. {Cpd.).

Dialogues of the Buddha, trr.l. by T. W. and C. A. F. Rhys Davids, London I. 1899; II. 1910; III. 1921. (Dial.).

Expositor (trsl. of the Attha-salinI), by Maung Tin, PTS. Trsl. 1920, 21.

Kathavatthu trsl. ("Points of Controversy), by Aung and Mrs. Rhys Davids, PTS. Trsl. 191 5. [Kvu irsl.).

Kindred Sayings (Saqyutta Nikaya I), by Mrs. Rhys Davids, PTS. Trsl. 1917. [K S.).

Mahavagsa trsl. by W. Geiger, PTS. Trsl. 1912.

Manual of a Mystic (Yogavacara), trs. by F. L. Woodward, PTS. Trsl. 1916. [Mystic).

Neumann, K. E., Lieder der Monche und Nonnen, Berlin 1899.

Psalms of the Brethren (trsl. Mrs. Rhys Davids), PTS. Trsl. 1913. „ , Sisters ( , „ , , ). , , I909-

Questions of Milinda (trsl. T. W. Rhys Davids), S B E. vols. 35, 36.

Vinaya Texts (trsl. Rhys Davids & Oldenberg), „ , „ , 13, 17, 20.

4. GRAMMATICAL & OTHER LITERATURE; PERIODICALS, ETC.

Abhidhanappadipika, ed. W. Subhati, Colombo' 1883. (Abhp.). Andersen, D., A Pali Reader, 2 pts; Copenhagen 1901, 1907. Aufrecht, Th., Halayudha's Abhidhana-ratna-mala, London 1861. Brugmann, K., Kurze vergleichende Grammatik der indogerm. Sprachen, Strass- burg 1902.

Childers, R. C, A Dictionary of the Pali Language, London 1874.

XII

Geigef, W., Pali Literatur und Sprache, Strassburg 1916. (Geiger, P. Gr.). Grassmann, W., Worterbuch zum Rig Veda, Leipzig 1873. Journal of the American Oriental Society (y A 0 i>\).

, Asiatique, Paris {J. As.)

, of the Pali Text Society {J P T S.).

„ „ , Royal Asiatic Society, London {J^ R A S.). Kaccayana-ppakarana, ed. & trsl. Senart (J. As. 1871) (Kacc). Kern, H., Toevoegselen op 't Woordenboek van Childers; 2 pts (Verhandelingen Kon. Ak. van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam N. R. XVI, 5), Amsterdam 19 16. (Toev.). Kuhn's Zeitschrift fiir vergleichende Sprachforschung {K Z.).

Mahavyutpatti, ed. Mironow (Bibl. Buddhica XIII) St. Petersbourg 1910, i r. (Mvyut). Miifler, Ed., Simplified Grammar of the Pali Language, London 1884. Trenckner, V., Notes on the Milindapanho, in J P T S. 1908, 102 sq. Uhlenbeck, H., Kurzgefasstes Etym. Worterbuch d. Altindischen Sprache, Am- sterdam 1898.

Walde, A., Lateinisches Etymologisches Worterbuch, Heidelberg^ 19 10. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, Leipzig 1847 sq. [ZDMS.).

B. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.

1. Titles of Books (the

A Anguttara \a

Abhp Abhidhanappadipika. . . 4

Ap Apadana \a

Av. S. Avadana-sataka .... 2

Bdhd Buddhadatta i

Brethren: see Psalms 3

Bu Buddha-varjsa \a

Cp Cariya-pitaka la

Cpd Compendium 3

D Digha la

Davs Datha-vaqsa lb

Dh Dhammapada la

Dhs Dhammasangani . . . . la

Dhs trsl. Atthasalini 3

Dial. Dialogues 3

Divy Divyavadana 2

Dpvs Dipavagsa ib

Halayudha: see Aufrecht .... 4

no. refers to

I ks

I Kvu KZ Lai. V. M

Mhbv Mhvs Miln M Vastu Mvyut

It

J

JAOS. J As. J PTS.

JRAS. Jtra Kacc Kh

Itivuttaka la

Jataka ,

Journal Amer. Or. Soc. ,

, Asiatique. . . ,

„ Pali Text Soc.

„ Royal Asiatic Soc

Jatakamala 2

Kaccayana 4

KhuddakapStha . . . . la

lb

4

4

4

4

section of A).

Kindred Sayings . Kathavatthu . . Kuhn's Zeitschrift Lalita Vistara . . Majjhima . . . Mahabodhi-vagsa . Mahavaqsa . . . Milinda-panha . . Maha-vastu . . . Mahavyutpatti. .

Mystic: see Manual . . .

Nd' Mahaniddesa . .

Nd'^ Cullaniddesa . .

Nett Netti-pakarana. .

Pgdp Paiicagati-dipana .

Ps Patisambhida-magga

Pug Puggala-pafifiatti .

Pv Petavatthu . . .

S Sagyutta. . . .

S B E Sacred Books of the

Sdhp Saddhammopayana

6iks ^iksasamuccaya

Sisters: see Psalms .

Sn Sutta-nipata

Th I Theragatha.

Th 2 Therlgatha .

Toev. Toevoegselen

East

3 la

4

2

la

lb

lb

lb

2

4

3

la

la

lb

lb

la

la

la

la

3

lb

2

3

la

la

la

4

XllI

Ud Udana la

Vbh Vibhanga la

Vin Vinaya i«

Vism Visuddhi-magga . . . . i6

Vv Vimanavatthu

ZDMG. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesell- schaft

id

2. General & grammatical terms.

A in comb" with a Title- letter (e.g. DhA) = Com- mentary (on Dh).

abl. ablative

abs. absolute(ly)

abstr. abstract

ace. accusative

act active

add. addition

adj. adjective

adv. adverb

Ags. Anglo-Saxon

aor. aorist

appl. applied

art. article

attr. attribute

Av. Avesta

BB Burmese MSS

bef. before

BSk. Buddhist Sanskrit

C (& Cy) Commentary (when cited in explo of a Text passage).

caus. causative

cert. certain

coll. collective

combd, comb" combined, combination

comp. comparative, comp- arison, composition

cons, consonant

corr. correct(ed)

correl. correlation, correla- tive

cp. compare

cpd. compound

dat. dative

den. denominative

der.

derived, derivation

imper.

imperative

des.

desiderative

impers.

impersonal

dial.

dialect(ical)

impf.

imperfect

diff.

different

Ind.

Index

dist.

distinct, disting

uished

ind. indecl.

indicative indeclinable

E.

English

indef.

indefinite

e.g.

for instance

inf.

infinitive

end.

enclitic

instr.

instrumental

ep.

epithet

interr.

interrogative

esp.

especially

intrs.

intransitive

etym.

etymology

iter.

iterative

exc.

except

excl.

exclamation,

exclu-

Lat.

Latin

sive

I.e.

loco citato

expl.

explanation.

ex-

lit.

literal(ly), literary

plained

Lit. loc.

Lithuanian locative

f.

feminine

fig-

figurative(ly)

m.

masculine

foil.

following

med.

medium (middle)

form.

formation

fr.

from

N.

Name

freq.

frequently, Frequen-

n.

noun, note

tative

nom.

nominative

fut.

future

Np. Npl.

Name of person „ „ place

Gall, een.

Gallic genitive

nt. num.

neuter numeral

ger. gerund

Ger. German

Goth. Gothic

Gr. Greek

gram, grammar, °atical

grd. gerundive

ibid. at the same peissage

id. the same

id. p. identical passage

i. e. that is

i. g. in general

Obulg. Old-bulgarian

Ohg. Old-high-german Oicel. „ -icelandic Oir. , -irish

onom. onomatopoetic

opp. opposed, opposite

ord. ordinal, ordinary

orig. original(ly)

P.

part.

Pali particle

XIV

pass

passive

pt.

part

S. V.

Sub voce (under the

perf.

perfect

PTS.

Pali Text Society

word mentioned)

pers.

personal

syn.

synonym(ous)

pi.

plural

q.v.

quod vide

pop.

popular

(which see)

T.

Text

poss.

possessive

trans.

transitive

pot.

potential

ref.

reference, referred

trsl.

translated, transla-

pp.

past participle

refl.

reflexive

tion

ppr.

present ,

rel.

relation, relative

1. 1.

technical term

prec.

preceding

t. t. g.

in

pred.

predicative

sep.

separate(ly)

grammar

pref.

prefix

sg-

singular

prep.

preposition

Sk.

Sanskrit

V.

verse

pres.

present

sq.

and following

var.

variant, various

pret.

preterite

SS.

Singhalese MSS.

var. lect. various reading

Prk.

Prakrit

ster.

stereotype

voc.

vocative

prob.

probably

sufif.

suflfix

pron.

pronoun

sup.

superlative

Wtb.

Worterbuch

3. Typographical.

*(s)quel indicates a (reconstructed or conjectured) Indogermanic root.

*Sk means, that the Sanskrit word is constructed after the Pali word; or as Sk.

form is only found in lexicographical lists. k: the cap over a vowel indicates that the a is the result of a syncope a + a (e.g.

khuddanukhudda), whereas a represents the proper a, either pure or contracted

with a preceding a (khinasava = khina + asava). ° represents the head-word either as first (° — ) or second ( — °) part of a compound;

sometimes also an easily supplemented part of a word. > indicates an etymological relation or line of development between the words

mentioned. ™ and ss; means "at similar" or "at identical, parallel passages".

The meaning of all other abbreviations may easily be inferred from the context.

Akkula

A-' the prep, a shorteoed before double cons., as akko- satl (a + krus), akkhaU (a + khya), abbahati (a + bfh). — Best to be classed here is the a- we call expletive. It represents a reduction of a- (mostly before liquids and nasals and with single consonant instead of double). Thus anantaka (for a-nantaka = nantaka) Vv.8o^; amajjapa (for a-majjapa = majjapa) J vi.328; amapaya (for a- mapaya ^ mapaya) J vi.518; apassato (= passantassa) J VL552.

A-' (an- before vowels) [Vedic a-, an-; Idg. 'n, gradation form to 'ne (see na^); Gr. i, «i>-; Lat. *en-, in-; Goth., Ohg. & Ags. un-; Oir. an-, in-] neg. part, prefixed to (i) nouns and adjectives; (2) verbal forms, used like (1), whether part.^ g"'-i i'''^- or '"/■; (3) finite verbal forms. In comp°. with words having originally two initial cons, the latter reappear in their assimilated form (e. g. appatic- chavin). In meaning it equals na-, nir- and vl-. Often we find it opp. to sa-. Verbal negatives which occur in specific verb, function will be enumd. separately, while examples of neg. form, of (l) & (2) are given under their positive form unless the neg. involves a distinctly new concept, or if its form is likely to lead to confusion or misunderstanding. — Concerning the combining & contrast- ing (orig. neg.) -a- (a) in redupl. formations like bhav- S-bbava see a^.

A-' [Vedic a-; Idg. *e (loc. of pron. stem, cp. ayaq ; orig. a deictic adv. with specific reference to the past, cp. Sk sma); Gr. <-; also in Gr. ixu, Lat. equidem, enim] the augment (sign of action in the past), prefixed to the root in pret.^ aor. & cond. tenses; often omitted in ordi- nary prose. See forms under each verb; cp. also ajja. Identical with this a- is the a- which functions as base of some pron. forms like ato, attha, asu etc. (q. v.).

A-* the sound a (a-kara) J vi,328, 552; VvA 279, 307, 3»'-

Aljsa' [Vedic aqsa; cp. Gr. iS^c$, Lat. umerus, Goth ams, Arm. us] (a) the shoulder AV II. no; Sn 609. aqse ka- roti to put on the shoulder, to shoulder J 1.9. (b.) a part (lit. side) (cp. °asa in kot{h3sa and expln of ansa as kot^Ssa at DA 1.312, also v. 1. mett3sa for mettaijsa at It 22). — atit'ai]se in former times, formerly D 11.224; Th 2, 314. mettagsa sharing friendship (with) A iv.151 = It 22 = J IV.71 (in which connection Miln 402 reads ahii)sa). — Disjunctive ekena aijsena . . . ekena ai)sena on the one hand (side) ... on the other, parlly . . . partly A 1.6 1. From this: ekai]sa (adj.) on the one hand (only), i. e. incomplete (opp. ubhayaijsa) or (as not admitting of a counterpart) definite, certain, without doubt (opp. dyidba): see ekai]sa. — paccansena according to each one's share A 111.38. putaijsena with a knapsack for provisions D 1.117; A It 183; cp. DA 1.288, with v. 1. pufosena at both passages.

-kQta "shoulder prominence", the shoulder Vin 111.127; DhA 111.214; IV.136; VvA 121. — vattaka a shoulder strap (mostly comb<l with kayabandhana; vv. II. °vaddhaka, °bandhaka) Vin 1.204 (T. ''bandhaka); 11.114 (ddh); iv.170 (ddh); Vv 33W (T. "bandhana, C. v. 1. "valtaka); DhA 111.452-

AQSa^ [see next] point, comer, edge; freg. in comb" wiih numerals, e. g. catur° four-cornered, chaj", atth°, 8olas° etc. (q. V.) all at Dhs 617 (cp. DhsA 317). In connection with a Vimana: ayat° with wide or protruding capitals (of its pillars) Vv 84"; as part of a carriage- pole Vv 642 (= kubbara-phale patitthita hetthima-ai)s5 VvA 26s).

Aqsl (f.) [cp. Vedic asri, a^ra, a^ani ; Gr. 'itifoi; pointed, ^pi(, also Vifif sharp: Lat. acer sharp. Further connections in Walde Lat. Wtb. under acer] a comer, edge (= atjsa') Vv 78'^ (= aQsa-bbaga VvA 303).

Al)8U [cp. Sk. ansu (Halayudha) a ray of light] a thread Vin 111.224. -malin, sun Sasv i.

Akata (adj.) [a -f- kata] not made, not artificial, natural ; "yusa natural juice Via 1.206.

Akamplyatta (nt.) [abstr. fr. akampiya, grd. of a -|- kampati] the conditio^ of not being shaken, stableness Miln 354.

Akalu (cp. agalu) an ointment J iv.440 (akalun candanan ca, v. 1. BB aggalun; C. expl» as kalSkalun ca ratta- candanan ca, thus implying a blacking or dark oint- ment); VI. 144 (°candana-vilitta ; v. 1. BB aggalu"); Miln 338 (°tagara-tilisaka-lohita-candana).

Akaca (^dj.) [a -f- kaca] pure, flawless, clear D 11.244; Sn 476; J V.203.

Akacln (adj.) = akaca Vv 60'. Kern (Toevoegselen s. v.) proposes reading akkacin (= Sk. arka-arcin shining as the sun), but VvA 253 expls by niddosa, and there is no V. 1. to warrant a misreading.

Akasiya (adj. -n.) [a -f- kisikaP] "not from the kasf-coun- lry"(?): official name of ccrlain tax-gatherers in the king's service J vi.212 (akasiya-sankbata raja-piu'isa C).

AklCCakara (adj.) [a -f- kicca + kara] I. not doing one's duty, doing what ought not to be done A 11.67 > Dh 292 ; Miln 66: DA I.296. — 2. ineffective (of medicine) Miln 151.

Aklriya (adj.) [a -f- kiriya] not practical, unwise, foolish J 111.530 (°rupa = akattabba-rDpa C); Miln 250.

AkilaSU (adj.) [a 4- kilasu] not lazy, diligent, active, untiring

5 1.47; V.162; J 1.109; Miln 382.

Akissava at S 1.149 is probably faulty reading for akincana.

Akutobhaya (adj.) see ku°.

Akuppa (adj.) [a -f- kuppa, grd. of kup, cp. BSk. akopya M Vastu 111.200] not to be shaken, immovable; sure, stead- fast, safe Vin Ml (akuppa me ceto-virautti) = S 11.239; Vin 11.69; IV.214; D III. 273; M 1.205, 298; S 11.171; A 111.119, 198; Miln 361.

Akuppata (f.) [abstr. fr. last] "state of not being shaken", surety, safely; Ep. of Nibbana Th i, 364.

Akka [cp. Sk. arka] N. of a plant: Calotropis Gigantea, swallow-wort M 1.429 ("assa jiya bowstrings made from that plant).

-nala a kind of dress material Vin 1.306 (vv. II. agga"

6 akkha"). -va(a a kind of gate to a plantation, a movable fence made of the akka plant Vin 11.164 (<^P- akkha-vata).

Akkanta [pp. of akkamati] stepped upon, mounted on A 1.8; J 1.7 1 ; Miln 152; DhA 1.200.

Akkandatl [a -|- kandati, krandj to lament, wail, cry S IV. 206.

Akkamana (nt.) [cp. BSk. akrama^ia Itm 31W] going near, approaching, stepping upon, walking to J 1.62.

Akkamati [a -|- kamati, kram] to tread upon, to approach, attack J 1.7, 279; ThA 9; — to rise Vin ill. 38. — ger. akkamma Cp. 111.71. — pp. akkanta (q. v.).

Akkuttha (adj. n.) [pp. of akkosati] I. (adj.) being reviled, scolded , railed at Sn 366 (=: dasahi akkosavatthuhi abhisalto SnA 364); J VI.187. — 2. (nt.) reviling, scold- ing, swearing at; in comb" akku^fba-vandita Sn 702 (= akkosa-vandana SnA 492) Th 2, 388 (expl" ThA 256 as above).

Akkula (adj.) \= akula] confused, perplexed, agitated, frightened Ud 5 (akkulopakkula and akkulapakkulika). See akula.

1—2

Akkosa

Akkhana

Akkosa [a + kniS = krunc, see kmica & kofica' ; to sound loot kr, see note on gala] shouting at, abuse, insult, re- proach, reviling Sn 623; Miln 8(-f- paribhasa); SnA 492; ThA 256; PvA 243; UhA 11.61.

-vatthu always as dasa a°-vatthnni 10 bases of abuse, 10 expressions of cursing J 1.191; SnA 364, 467; DhA i.2iz; 1V.2.

AkkOSaka (adj.) [from l.isl] one who abuses, scolds or re- viles, -f paribhasaka A 11.58; 111.252; iv.156; v. 317; PvA 251.

AkkOSatl [to krUS see akkosa] to scold, swear at, abuse, revile J 1.191; 11.416; 111.27; l^hA 1211; 11.44. Oflen eomb'l with paribhasati, e.g. Vin 11.296; DhA IV.2; PvA 10. — aor. akkocchi Dh 3 ; J 111.212 (= akkosi nh.\ 1.43. Der. wrongly fr. krudh by Kacc. VI. 4: 7; cp. Franke, Einh. Pali-gramm. 37, and Geiger P. Gr. § 164). -pp. akkuttha (q. v.).

Akkha' [Vedic aksa; Av. asa; Gr. Him a/-'*?* chariot with o/ie axle); Lat. axis; Ohg. etc. ahsa, E. axle, to root of Lat. ago, Sk. aj] the axle of a wheel D 11.96; S V.6; A 1.112; J 1.109, '92; V.155 (akkhassa phala- kar) yatha; C: suvannaphalakarj viya, i.e. shiny, like the polished surface of an axle); Miln 27 (+ isa + cak- ka), 277 (atibbarena sakatassa akkho bhijjati: the axle of the cart breaks when the load is too heavy); PvA 277. -akkhan abbhanjati to lubricate the axle S 11.177; M''"

367-

-chinna one whose axle is broken; with broken axle S 1.57; Miln 67. -bhagga with a broken axle J v.433. -bhanjana the breaking of the axle DhA 1.375 ; PvA 277.

Akkha^ [Vedic aksa, prob. to aksi & Lat. ocuUis, "that which has eyes" i. e. a die; cp. also Lat. alea game at dice (fi-.* asclea?)] a die D 1.6 (but expl<l at DA 1.86 as ball-game: gulakila); S 1.149 = A v.171 := Sn 659 (ap- pamatto ayai] kali yo akkhesu dhanaparajayo); J 1.379 (kut° a false player, sharper, cheat) anakkha one who is not a gambler J v. 1 16 (C. : ajutakara). Cp. also accha'.

-dassa (cp. Sk. aksadarsaka) one who looks at (i. e. examines) the dice, an umpire, a judge Vin 111.47; Miln 114, 327, 343 (dhamma-nagare). -dhutta one who has the vice of gambling D 11.348; 111.183; M 111.170; Sn 106 (+ itthidhutta & suriidhulta). -vata fence round an arena for wrestling J IV.81. (? read akka-).

Akkha^ (^d].) ( — °) [to akkhi] havhig eyes, with eyes PvA 39 (Bli rattakkha with eyes red from weeping, glosson assumukha). Prob. akkhana is connected wiih akkha.

Akkhaka [akkha' + ka] the collar-bone Vin IV.213 (adhak- khakag); Y.216.

Akkhana [a -\- khana, BSk. aksana AvS 1.291 = 332] wrong time, bad luck, misadventure, misfortune. There are 9 enuind at I) 111.263; the usual set consists of 8; thus D 111.287; VvA 193; Sdhp 4 sq. See also khana.

-vedhin (adj. n.) a skilled archer, one who shoots on the moment, i. e. without losing time, expl<l as one who shoots without missing (the target) or as quickly as light- ning (akkhana = vijju). In var. combns. ; mostly as durepatin a. A 1.284 (+ mahato kayassa padaleta); 11.170 sq. (id.), 202; IV.423, 425; J 11.91 (explJ as either "aviradhita -vedhl" or "akkhanarj vuccati vijju": one who takes and shoots his arrows as fast as lightuing), 111.322; IV. 494 (C. expl"s aviraddha-vedhin vijju-alokena vijjhana -samattha p. 497). In othei- comb" at J 1.58 (akkhanavedhin + valavedhin); v. 129 (the 4 kinds of archers: a., valavedhin, saddavedhin & 3aravedhin).

In BSk. we find aksunnavedha (a Sanskrilised Pali form, cp. Mathura ksuna = Sk. ksana) at Divy 58, 100, 442 (always with darevedha), where MSS. however read ak-

suna°; also at Lai. Vist. 178. See Divy Index, where trsl" is given as "an act of throwing the spear so as to graze the mark" (Schiefner gives "Streifschuss"). — A^o/e. The explanations are not satisfactory. We should expect either an etym. bearing on the meaning "hitting the centre of the target" (i. e. its "eye") (cp. E. bull's eye), in which case a direct relation to akkha = akkhi eye would not seem improbable (cp. formation ikkhana) or an etym. like "hitting without mishap", in which case the expieision would be derived directly from ak- khana (see prec.) with the omission of the neg. an-; akkhana in the meaning of "lightning" (J 11.91 C.) is not supported by literary evidence.

Akkhata (adj.) [pp. of a + kfan, cp. parikkhatai] unhurt, without fault Mhvs 19, 56 (C. niddosa). — ace. akkha- tar) (adv.) in safety, unhurt. Only in one phrase Vv 84'- (paccagamug Pataliputtar) akkhatarj) & Pv iv.ii' (nes- sami tar) Pataliputtag akkhatai)); see VvA 351 & PvA 272.

Akkhaya (adj.) [a -|- khaya, k§l] not decaying, in akkhaya- patibhana, of unfailing skill in exposition Miln 3, 21.

Akkhara (adj.) [Vedic aksara] constant, durable, lasting D 111.86. As tt. for one of 4 branches of Vedic learning (D 1.88) it is Phonetics which probably inculded Gram- mar, and is expld by sikkha (DA 1.247 = SnA 477) — pi. nt. akkharani sounds, tones, words, citt'akkhara of a discourse (suttanta) having variety & beauty of words or sounds (opposed to beauty of thought) A 1.72 = 111.107 = S 11.267. Akkharani are the sauce, flavour (vyanjana) of poetry S 1.38. To know the context of the a° the words of the texts, is characteristic of an Arahant Dh 352 (C. is ambiguous DhA iv.70). Later: akkharat) a syllable or sound PvA 280 (called sadda in next line); akkharani an inscription J 11.90; IV.7 (likhitani writ- ten), 489; vi,390, 407. In Grammar: a letter Kacc. J. -cintaka a grammarian or versifier KhA 17; SnA 16, 23, 321. cp. 466; PvA 120. -pabheda in phrase sakkha- rappabheda phonology & etymology D 1.88 (akkha- rappabhedo ti sikkha ca niruiti ca SnA 447 = DA i.247) =: A 111.223 = Sn p. 105. -pinda "word-ball", i.e. se- quence of words or sounds DhA iv.70 (= akkharSnan sannipato Uh 352).

AkkharikS (f.) a game (recognising syllables written in the

air or on one's back). D 1.7; Vin 11.10; 111.180. So expld at DA 1.86. It may be translated "letter game"; but all Indian letters of that date were syllables.

Akkhata (adj.) [pp. of akkhSti] announced, proclaimed, j told, shown A 1. 34 (dur"); 11195; iv.285, 322; v.265, 1 283; Sn 172, 276, 595, 718.

I Akkhatar one who relates, a speaker, preacher story-teller I S l.ll, 191; 111.66; Sn 167.

j Akkhati [a + khya, l<ig. *seq"; cp. Sk. akhyati, Lat. inquam, Gr. hvsTU, Goth, saihvan, Ger. sehen etc. See also akkhi & cakkhu] to declare, announce, tell Sn 87, 172; imper. akkbahi Sn 988, 1085; aor. akkhasi Sn 251, 504, 1131 (=: acikkhi etc. Nd^ 465); fut. akkhissati Pv IV. 1^1: cond. akkhissar) Sn 997; J vi.523. — Pass, akkbayati to be proclaimed, in phrase aggar] a. to be deemed chief or superior, to be first, to excel Miln 118, 182 (al.so in BSk. agram akhyayate M Vastu 111.390); ger. akkheyya to be pronounced S 1.1 1 ; It 53. — pp. akkhata (q. v.). — Intensive or Frequentative is acikkbati.

Akkhana (nt.) [Sk. akhyana] telling stories, recitation ; tale, j legend D 1.6 (= DA 1.84: Bharata-Ramayanadi); 111.183 ;

M 1.503; III. 167; Sdhp. 237. — preaching, teaching Nd' I 91 (dhamm°). The 5il> Veda J v. 450. (vedam akkhana-

pancatnan; C: Itihasapancamar) vedacatukkar)). — The

spelling akhyana also occurs (q. v.).

Akkhayika

Agariya

Akkhayika (adj.) relating, narra'.ing J III. 535 ; lokakkhayika katha talk about oature-lore I) 1.8; Miln 316.

Akkhayin (adj.) telling, relating, announcing S 11.35; J III. 105.

tii.y;

Akkhi (nt.) [to *okS, an enlarged form of *0<J", cp. Sk. Iksate, ksana, pralika, anika; Gr. otrirt, i!r\i (Ki/xAibi|'), h^sxX^Lic,, wfda-uToy; Lat. ociilus, Ags. eowan (= E eye & wind-ow); Goth. augo. See also cakkhu & cp. akklia^ & ikkhanika] the eye. M 1.383 (ubbhatehi akkhklhi); Sn 197, 608; J 1.223, 279; V.77; VI. 336; I'v ii.g-" (akkhini paggharanti: shed tears, cp. rv.\ 123); Vv.\ 65 Ciai bhamanti, my eyes swim) cp. akkhini me dhiiniaynnti DhA 1.475; I^liA 11.26; III. 196 ('ini ummiletva opening the eyes); Sdhp 1O3, 380. — In comb" with sa- as sacchi & sakkbi (q. v.). As adj. ( — ") akkha-^ (q-v.)- -anjana eye ointment, coUyrium UhA 111.354. -kUpa the socket of the eye J iv.407. -ganda eye-protuberance, i. e. eye-brow (?) J vi.504 (for panuikha T.). -gutha secretion from the eye Pv.\ 198. -guthaka id. Sn 197 (= dvihi akkhicchiddehi apanila-ttaca-mar^sasadiso a^-guthako SnA 248). -chidda the eye-hole SnA 248. -dala the eye-lid DA 1. 194; ThA 259; DhsA 378. -pata "fall of the eye"', i. e. a look, in mand° of soft looks (adj.) PvA 57. -pura an eye-full, in akkhipuraij assuq (assu?) an eye full of tears J. vi.191. -mala dirt from the eye Pv iii 5' (=: "gutha C.)i -roga eye disease DhA 1.9.

Akkhika' ( — °) (adj.) having eyes, with eyes Th 1.960 (anjan" with eyes anointed); DhA iv.98 (addh° with half an eye, i.e. stealthily); Sdhp 286 (tamb° red-eyed), -an" having no eyes DhA l.li.

Akkhika- (nt.) [cp. Sk. aksa] the mesh of a net J 1.208. -baraka one who takes up a mesh (?) M 1.383 (corresp. with andabaraka).

Akkhitta' see khitta.

Akkhitta- (adj.) [BSk aksipta Divy 363, pp. ofa-fk§ip] hit, struck, thrown J 111. 255 (= akaddhita C.).

Akkhin (adj.) = akkhika J 111.190 (mand° softeycd); Vv 32' (tamb° red-eyed); DhA l.ll.

Akkhobbha (adj.) [a + ksubh, see khobha] not to be shaken, imperturbable Miln 21.

Akkhobhana (adj) = akkhobbha J v.322 (= khobhetun na sakkha C.).

AkkhObinl (f.) [:= akkhobhinl] one of the highest numerals (I followed by 42 ciphers, Childers) J v.319; vi.395.

Akhatl(}aphulla see khanda.

Akhata (adj.) not dug: see khata.

Akhetta barren-soil : see khetta. — In cpd. °nnu the neg. belongs to the whole : not knowing a good field (for alms) J IV.371.

Agati see gati. -""gamana practising a wrong course of life, evil practice, wrong doing D ill. 228 (4: chanda^ dosa° moha° bhaya"); A 11.18 sq., J iv.402; v.98, 510; PvA 161.

Agada [Vedic agada; a -|- gada] medicine, drug, counter- poison J 180 ("harltaka); Miln 121, 302, 319, 334; DA 1.67; DhA i.2i5;'PvA 198 (= osadhag).

Agaru (adj.) [cp. Sk. aguru, a -f- garu] (a) not heavy, not troublesome, only in phrase: sace te agaru "if it does not inconvenience you, if you doini mind" (cp. BSk. yadi te aguru. Av. S 1.94, 229; 11.90) Vin. 1.25; IV.17, D 1.51; DhA J.39. — (b) disrespectful, irreverent (against = gen.) D 1.89; Sn p. 51.

AgalU [cp. Sk. aguru, which is believed to appear in Hebr. ahalim (aloe), also in Gr. i\6<i & a> iAAojjov] fragrant aloe wood, Agallochum Vv 53' (aggalu = VvA 237 aga- lugandha); Vv.\ 158 (-4- candana). Cp. also Av. §1.24, and akalu.

Agara (nt.) [cp. Sk. agaia, probably with the a- of com- munion; Gr. iyii'pu to collect, iyofi market. Cp. in meaning & etyni. gaha']. — I. house or hut, usually im- plying the comforts of living at home as opp. to anagara homelessness or the state of a homeless wanderer (men- dicant). See anagariya. — Thus freq. in two phrases contrasting the state of a householder (or layman, cp. gihin). with th.it of a religious wanderer (pabbajita), viz. (a.) kesamassurj oharetva kasayani vatthani ac- chadetva agarasma anagariyai] pabbajati "to shave off hair & beard, put on the yellow robes, and wander forth out of the home into the homeless state" D 1,60 etc.; cp, Nd- 172". See also S 1.185 (agarasma anagariyar] nikkhanta); M 11.55 (agarar) ajjbavasata) ; Sn 274, 805 ("n avasati), and with pabbajita D 1.89, 115, 202, 230; I'v 11.13I'. — (b.) of a "laja cakkavattin" compared with a "sambuddha": sace agararj avasati vijeyya pathavirj imar) adandena asatthena . . . sace ca so pabbajati agara anagariyai) vivatacchado sambuddho araha bha- vissati "he will become the greatest king when he stays at home, but the greatest saint when he takes up the homeless life", the prophesy made for the infant Gotama D 11.16; Sn 1002, 1003. — Further passages for agara e.g. Vin 1. 15; D 1. 102 (BB. has v. 1. agyagara, but DA i.270 expl. as danagara); A 1.156, 281; 11.52 sq.; Dh 14, 140; J 1. 51, 56; 111.392; Dpvs. 1.36. — 2. ana- gara (adj.) houseless, homeless ; a mendicant (opp. gahattha) Sn 628 =r Dh 404; Sn 639, 640 (4- paribbaje); Pv 11.2' (= anavasa PvA 80). — (nt.) the homeless state (= ana- gariya) Sn 376. See also agga'-. — 3. "agara: Owing to freq. occurrence of agara at the end of cpds. of which the first word ends in a, we have a dozen quite familiar words ending apparently in agara. This form has been considered therefore as a proper doublet of agara. This however is wrong. The long a is simply a contraction of the short a at the end of the first part of the cpd. with the short a at the beginning of agara. Of the cpds. the most common are: — agantuk" recep- tion hall for strangers or guests S iv.219; v. 21. — itth° ladys bower S 1.58, 89. — kut" a house with a peaked roof, or with gables S 11.103. 263; III. 156; 1V.186; v.43 ; A 1230; iii.io, 364; IV.231 ; V.21. -kotth" storehouse, granary D 1. 1 34 (cp. DA 1.295); ^ 1.89. -tin" a house covered with grass S iv.185; A l.ioi. -bhus° threshing shed, barn A 1.241. -santh" a council hall D 1.91 ; 11. 147; S IV. 182; V.453; A 11.207; 1V.I79 sq. -sunn° an unin- habited shed; solitude S v. 89, 157, 310 sq., 329 sq.; A 1.241 (v. I. for bhusagara); 111.353; iv.139, 392, 437; V.88, 109, 323 sq.

A{^aka (nt.) [fr. agara] a small house, a cottage M 1.450; j V1.8I.

Agarika (adj.) i. having a house, in eka°, dva" etc. D 1. 166 = A 1 295 = 11.206. — 2. a householder, Uiyman Vin 1. 17. f. agarika a housewife Vin 1.272. See also agarika.

Agarin (adj.) [fr. agara] one who h.-is or inhabits a house, a householder Sn 376, Th 1.1009; J 111.234. — f. aga- rini a housewife Vv 52' (= gehassamini VvA 225); Pv 111.4^ (id. PvA 194).

Agariya = agarika, a layman M 1.504 ("bhiila). — Usually in neg. anagariya (f) the homeless state (= anagarat)) as opp. to agara (q. v.) in formula agarasma anagari- yar) pabbajita (gone ont from the house into the home- less state) Vin 1. 15: M 1.16; 11.55, 7$^ A 1.49; D III. 30 sq., 145 sq.; Sn 274, 1003; Pv 11. 13'"; DA 1.112.

Agga

Aggi

Agga' (adj. n.) [Vedic agra; cp. Av. agro first; Lilh. agrs early] I. (adj;) (a.) of time: the first, foremost Dpvs IV. 1 3 (sangahai) first collection). See cpds. — (b.) of space: the highest, topmost, J 1.52 (°sakha). — (c.) of quality : illustrious, excellent, the best, highest, chief Vin IV.232 (agga-m-agga) most exellent, D 11.4: S 1. 29 (a. sattassa Sambuddha); A 11.17 := Pv iv.3*' (lokassa Buddho aggo [A: aggaq] pavuccati); It 88, 89; Sn 875 (suddhi); PvA 5. Often combd. with settba (best), e.g. D 11. 15; S 111.83, 264. — 2. (nt.) top, point, (a.) lit.: the top or tip (nearly always — °); as ar° point of an awl Sn 625, 631 ; Dh 401 ; kus° tip of a blade of grass Dh 70; Sdhp 349; tin" id PvA 241; dum° top of a tree J n.155; dhaj° of a banner S 1.219; pabbat" of a mountain Sdhp 352; sakh" of a branch PvA 157; etc. ■ — (b.) yfg-. the best part, the ideal, excellence, prominence, first place, often to be trsl. as adj. the highest, best of all etc. S 11.29 (aggena aggassa patti hoti: only the best attain to the highest); Mhvs 7, 26. Usually as — "; e.g. dum° the best of trees, an excellent tree Vv 35*' (cp. VvA 161); dhan° plenty D 111.164; madhur° S 1.41, 161, 237 ; bhav^ the best existence S 111.83 j rup° extraordinary beauty J 1. 291; labh° highest gain J in. 127; sambodhi-y-agga highest wisdom Sn 693 (:= sabbafinuta-nanan SnA 489 ; the best part or quality of anything, in enum" of the five "excellencies" of first-fruits (panca aggani, after which the N. Paiicaggadayaka), viz. khettaggan ras" kotth" kumbhi° bhojan° SnA 270. sukh° perfect bliss Sdhp 243. Thus freq. in phrase aggag akkhayati to deserve or receive the highest praise, to be the most excellent D 1. 124;

5 111.156, 264; A 11.17 (Tathagato); It 87 (id.); Nd^ 517 D (appamado); Miln 183. — 3. Cases as adv.: aggena (instr. ) in the beginning, beginning from, from (as prep.), by (id.) Vin II. 167. (aggena ganhati to take from, to subtract, to find the difference; Kern Toev. s. v. unneces- sarily changes aggena into agghena), 257 (yadaggena at the moment when or from, foil, by tad eva "then"; cp. agge), 294 (bhikkh° from alms); Vbh 423 (vass" by the number of years), aggato (abl.) in the beginning Sn 217 (-|- mnjjhato, sesato). aggato kata taken by its worth, valued, esteemed Th 2, 386, 394. agge (loc ) 1. at the top A 11.201 (opp. mule at the root); J IV.156 (id.); Sn 233 (phusit° with flowers at the top : supupphitaggasakhii KhA 192); J 11.153 (ukkh"); III. 126 (kup°). — 2 (as prep.) from. After, since, usually in phrases yad° (foil, by tad°) from what time, since what date D 1.152; 11.206;

6 ajja-t-agge from this day, after to day D 1.85; M 1.528; A V.300; Sn p. 25 (cp. BSk. adyagrena Av. 3.11.13); at the end: bhattagge after a meal Vin 11.212.'

-anguli the main finger, i. e. index finger J ¥[.404. asana main seat DA 1.267. -upatthaka chief personal attendant D 11.6. -karika first tasie, sample Vin 111.80. -kulika of an esteemed clan Pv 111.5' (^ setth° PvA 199). -nna recognized as primitive primeval, D 111.225 (porana -f-), A 11.27 sq.; IV. 246, Kvu 341. -danta one who is most excellently self-restrained (of the Buddha) Th 1.354. -dana a splendid gift Vin 111.39. -dvara main door J I.I 14. -nakha tip of the nail Vin iv.221. -nagara the first or most splendid of cities Vin 1.229. -nikkhitta highly praised or famed Miln 343. -nikkhittaka an original depositary of the Faith Dpvs IV. 5. -pakatimant of the highest character J v.351 (= aggasabhava). -patta having attained perfection D iii.48sq. -pasada the highest grace A 11.34; It 87. -pinda the best oblation or alms 1.141; M 128; JI.204. -pindika receiving the best obla- tions J VI. 1 40. -puggala the best of men (of the Buddha) Sn 684; DhA 11.39; Sdhp. 92, 558. -purohita chief or prime minister J vi.391. -phala the highest or supreme fruit (i.e. Arahantship) J 1.14S; Pv iv.188; PvA 230. -bija having eggs from above (opp. mula°), i. e. propa- gated by slips or cuttings D 1.5; DA 1. 81. -magga (adj.) having reached the top of the path, i. e. Arahantship ThA 20. -mahesi the king's chief wife, queen-consort J 1.262; 111.187, 393; v.88; DhA 1.199; PvA 76. -raja the chief king J vi.391 ; Miln 27. -vara most meritorious.

best Dpvs vi.68. -Tada the original doctrine (= thera- vada) Dpvs IV.13. -vadin one who proclaims the highest good (of the Buddha) Th i, 1142.

Agga' (nt.) (only — °) [a contracted form of agara] a (small) house, housing, accomodation; shelter, hut; hall. dan° a house of donation, i. e. a public or private house where alms are given J 111.470; iv.379, 403; vi.487; PvA 121; Miln 2. salak° a hut where food is distributed to the bhikkhus b; tickets, a food office J 1.123, VvA 75.

AggatS (f.) [abstr. of agga] pre-eminence, prominence, superiority Kvu 556 ("ij gata); Dpvs IV.I (gunaggataq gala). — (adj.) mahaggata of great value or superiority D 1.80; III. 224.

Aggatta (nt.) [abstr. of agga = Sk. agratvan] the state or condition of being the first, pre-eminence PvA 9, 89.

Aggavant (adj.) occupying the first place, of great eminence A 1.70, 243.

AggatU see agalu.

Aggaja & Aggala (f.) (also occasionally with 1.) [cp. Sk. argala & argala to *areg to protect, ward off, secure etc., as in Ags. reced house; *aleg in Sk. raksati to prctect, Gr. aAi|« id., Ags. ealh temple. Cp. also *areq in Gr. ixpxEu z= Lat. arceo, Orcus, Ohg rigil bolt.] a contrivance to fasten anything for security or obstruction: I. a bolt or cross-bar Vin 1.290; D i.8g (°r) akoteti to knock upon the cross-bar a = kavata DA 1.252); A iv.359 (id.); S. IV.290; A i.ioi = I37:=iv.23i. (phusit° with fastened bolts, securely shut Th 1.385 (id.); Vin iv.47; J. v.293 (°r) uppTleti to lift up the cross-bar. — 2. a strip of cloth for strengthening a dress etc., a gusset Vin 1.290 (-f- tunna), 392 (Bdhgh on MV VIII.21, l); J 1.8 (-}- tunna) vi.71 (°r) datva); Vin iv.121.

-dana putting in a gusset J 1.8. -phalaka the post or board , in which the cross-bar is fixed (cp. "vatti) M 111.95. -vatti ^ °phalaka Vin 11.120, 148. -suci ijolting pin M 1.126.

Aggi [Vedic agni = Lat. ignis. Besides the contracted form aggi we find the diaeretic forms gini (q. v.) and aggini (see below)] fire. — i: fire, flames, sparks; conflagration, Vin 11.120 (fire in bathroom); M 1.487 (anaharo nibbuto f. gone out for lack of fuel); S iv.185, 399 (sa-upadano jalati provided with fuel blazes); Sn 62; Dh 70 (:^ asani- aggi DhA 111.71); J 1.216 (sparks), 294 (pyre); 11. 102; 111.55; I v. 1 39; VvA 20 (aggimhi tSpanai) + "dake tema- naq). — The var. phases of lighting and extinguishing the fire are given at A lv.45: aggiq ujjaleti (kindle, make b.urn), ajjhupekkhati (look after, keep up), nibbapeti (extinguish, put out), nikkhipati (put down, lay). Other phrases are e.g. aggiq jaleti (kindle) J 11.44; ganhati (make or take) J 1.494 (cp. below b); deti (set light to) J 1.294; nibbapeti (put out) It 93; Sdhp 552. aggi nib- bayati the f. goes out S "85; M 1.487; J 1. 212 (udake through Vater); Miln 304. aggi nibbuto the f. is exting- uished (cp. '^nibbana) J 1.6 1; Miln 304. aggina dahati to burn by means of fire, to set fire to A 1.136, 199; PvA 20. udar" the fi.e supposed to regulate digestion PvA 33; cp. Dial. 11.208, note 2; kapp'utthan" the universal conflagration J III. 185; dav" a wood or jungle fire J 1. 212; nar the burning of a reed J vi.ioo; padip" fire of a lamp Miln 47. 2. the sacrificial fire: In one or two of the passages in the older texts this use of Aggi is ambiguous. It may possibly be intended to denote the personal Agni, the fire-god. But the commentators do not think so, and the Jataka commentary, when it means Agni, has the phrase Aggi Bbagava the Lord Agni, e. g. at J 1.285, 494) 11-44. The ancient ceremony of kindling a holy fire on the day the child is born and keeping it up throughout his life, is also referred to by that commentary e. g. J 1.285 \ "■43- Aggit) paricarati (cp. "paricSriya) to serve the sacred fire Vin 1.31 (jajilS

Aggi

5

Aghavin

aggI paricaritukama); A V.263, 266; Th 2, 143 (^ aggi- huttan paric" ThA 136); Dh 107; J 1.494; DhA II.232. aggii) juhati (cp. '^homa, "^hutta) to sacrifice (in)to the fire A 11.207 ) often combd- with aggihuttan paricarati, e.g. S 1. 166; Sn p. 79. aggiq namati & santappeti to worship the fire A v. 235. aggissa (gen.) parieariko J YI.207 (cp. below °paricarika) ; aggissa adhanai) A IV. 41. — 3. (ethical, always — ") the fire of burning, consuming, feverish sensations. Freq. in standard set of 3 fires, viz. rag°, dos°, moh", or the fires of lust, anger and bewilderment. The number three may possibly have been chosen with refer- ence to the three sacrificial fires of Vedic ritual. At S IV.19; A IV.41 sq. there are 7 fires, the 4 last of which are ahuneyy", gahapat°, dakkhineyy", katth". But this trinity of cardinal sins lies at the basis of Buddhist ethics, & the fire simile was more probably suggested by the number. D lti.217; It 92, Vbh 368. In late books are found others: ind" the fire of the senses PvA 56; dukkh° the glow of suffering ib. 60; bhavadukkli° of the misery of becomings Sdhp. 552; vippatisar" burning remorse TvA 60; SOk° burning grief ib. 41.

Note. The form aggini occurs only at Sn 668 & 670 in the meaning of "pyre", and in comb°- with sama "like", viz. aggini-samaq jalitai) 668 (= samantato jali- taq aggii) Sn A 480); aggini-samasu 67o(=aggisamasu Sn A 481). The form aggini in phrase niccagginl can either be referred to gini (q. v.) or has to be taken as nom. of aggini (in adj. function with i metri causa; otherwise as adj. agginiij), meaning looking constantly after the fire, i. e. careful, observant, alert. -agara (agyagar-i) a heated room or hut with a fire Vin 1.24; IV. 109; D i.ioi, 102 (as V. 1. BB for agara); M 1. 501; A V.234, 250. -khandha a great mass of fire, a huge fire, fire-brand S 11.85; A iv. 128; Th z, 351 (°samakama); J iv.139; VI. 330; Ps 1.125; Dpvs vi.37 ; Miln 304. -gata having become (like) fire Miln 302. -ja firc-bom J v.404 (C; text aggijata). -ttha fire-place J V.155. -tthaiia fire-place Vin ir.120 (jantSghare, in bath- room), -daddha consumed by fire Dh 136; Pv 1.7*. -daha (inaha°) a holocaust A 1. 178. -nikasin like fire J 111.320 (suriya). -nibbana the extinction of fire J 1.212. -pajjota fire-light A 11. 140 (one of the 4 lights, viz. canda°, suriya°, a°, panna"). -paricarana (-tthana) the place where the (sacrificial) fire is attended to UhA 1. 1 99. -paricariya fire-worship DhA 11.232; Sn A 291 (pari") 456. -paricarika one who worship the fire A v.263 (brahmana). -sala a heated hall or refectory Vin 1.25, 49 = 11.210; I.139; II.154. -sikha the crest of the fire, the flame, in simile °ufama., like a flaming fire Sn 703 ; Dh 308 = It 43, 90 (ayogula). -butta (nt.) the sacrificial fire (see above 2), Vin 1.33, 36 = J 1.83 ; Vin 1.246 = Sn 568 ("mukha-yaiina) ; S I 166; Dh 392; Sn 249, p. 79; J IV. 211; VI. 525; ThA 136 (= aggi); DhA iv.151 ("n brahmano namati). -huttaka (nt.) fire-offering J vi.522 (= aggi-jahana C). -hotta = °hutta SnA 456 (v. 1. BB "hntta). -homa fire-oblation (or perhaps sacrificing to Agni) D 1.9 (= aggi-juhana DA 1.93).

Agglka (adj.) [aggi -\- ka] one who worships the fire Vin 1. 71 (jatilaka); D 11.339 sq. (ja'.''a)) S I.166 (brahmana).

Aggha [see agghati] i. price, value, worth, Miln 244; Mhvs 26, 22; 30, 76; VvA 77. — mahaggha (adj.) of great value J IV.138; v.414; vi.209; P" u.l''. See also maharaha. appaggha (adj.) of little value J. iv.139; v.414. — anaggba (nt.) pricelessness, J v.484; cattati anagghSni the four priceless things, viz. setacchatta, nisidanapallanka, adharaka, pSda])ithika DhA III. 120, 186. (adj.) priceless, invaluable j v.414; Mhvs 26, 25; DhA iv.216. — agghena (inslr.) for the price of Vin II.52, cp. Bdhgh on p. 31 1, 312. — 2. an oblation made to a guest D 11.240; J iv.39^ = 476.

-karaka a valuator J 1.124. -pada valuableness J v.473 Clakkbanai] nama mantai]).

Agghaka (adj.)r=:aggha; worth, having the value of ( — ") Mhvs 30, 77. aa° priceless Mhvs 30, 72.

Agghati (intr.) [Sk. arghati, argh = arh (see arhati), cp. Gr. aAifi) reward, aA<^»ai to deserve] to be worth, to have the value of (ace), to deserve J 1.112 (satasahassai) ; ad- dhamasakar)) ; vi.174, 3^7 (padarajaq); DhA 111.35 (manin nSgghama); Mhvs 32, 28. Freq. in stook phrase kalai] nagghati (nagghanti) solas!;] not to be worth the i6'h part of (cp. kala) Vin n 156; S 1.233; Uh 7°; ^v 20' (= nanubhoti Vv.\ 104), 43'; J v.284. — Caus. aggbapeti to value, to appraise, to have a price put on (ace.) J 1. 124; IV. 137, 278; Miln 192; Mhvs 27, 23. Cp. aggha- panaka & agghapaniya.

Agghanaka (adj.) (— °) [fr. *agghana, abstr. to agghati] having the value of, equal to, worth Vin IV. 226; J 1.61 (satasahass°) , 112; DA 1.80 (kahapan°); DhA 111.120 (cuddasakoti°) ; Mhvs 26, 22; 34, 87. — f. "ika J 1.178 (satasahass").

Agghanlya (adj.) [in function & form grd. of agghati] pri- celess, invaluable, beyond the reach of money Miln 192.

Agghapanaka [fr. agghapanatoagghapeti, Caus. of agghati] a valuator, appraiser J 1.124, '25; v.276 C^ika).

Agghapaniya (adj.) [grd. of agghapeti, see agghati] that which is to be valued, in °kamma the business of a valuator J iv.137.

Agghika (nt.) ( — ") [=: agghiya] an oblation, decoration or salutation in the form of garlands, flowers etc., there- fore meaning "string, garland" (cp. Sinhalese aga "festoon work") Mhvs 19, 38 (pupph'') 34, 73 (ratan") 34, 76 (dhaj°); Davs 1.39 (pupphamay°) ; v.51 (kusum°).

Agghiya (adj. -n.) [grd. form from agghati] i. (adj.) valu- able, precious, worth J VI.265 (mani); DhA 11.41 (ratan' of jewel's worth); Mhvs 30, 92. — 2. (nt.) a respectful oblation J v.324 = VI.516; Dpvs vi.65 ; VI1.4.

Agha' (nt.) [cp. Sk. agha, of uncertain etym.] evil, grief, pain, suffering, misfortune S I 22 ; M 1.500 (roga ganda salla agha); A 11. 128 (id.); J v.ioo; Th 2, 491; Sdhp 51. — adj. painful, bringing pain J vi.507 (agha-m-miga =: aghakara m. C). -bhuta a source of pain S 111.189 (-(- agha & salla).

Agha- (m. nt.) [the etym. suggested by Morris JPTS 1889, 200 (with ref. to M 1.500, which belongs under agha') is untenable (to Sk. kha, as a-kha = agha, cp. Jain Prk. khaha). Neither does the pop. etym. of Bdhgh. offer any clue (= a -j- gha from ghatl that which does not strike or aghattaniya is not strikeable DhsA 326, cp. Dhs. trsl. 194 & J IV.154 aghe thita = appatighe akase thita the air which does not offer any resistance). On the other hand the primary meaning is darkness^ as seen from the phrase lokantarika agba asagvuta an- dbakara D 11.12; S v.454, and BSk. agbasaqvrta M Vastu 11.240, adj. dark M Vastu 1.41; 11.162; Lai Vist 552] the sky, orig. the dark sky, dark space, the abyss of space D 11.12; S v.45 ; Vv i6' (aghasi gama, loc. ^ vehasai) gama VvA 78); J |V.I54; Dhs 638 (-j- aghagata) ; Vbh 84 (id.).

-gata going through or being in the sky or atmosphere Dhs 638, 722; Vbh 84. -gamin moving through the atmosphere or space i. e. a planet S 1.67 = Miln 242 (adicco settho aghagaminai)).

Aghata at Th i, 321 may be read as agha-gata or (prefer- ably) with v. 1. as aggha-gatai), or (with Neumann) as agghai) agghalanai). See also Mrs. Kb. D, Psalms of the Krtthren.^ p. 191.

Agghammiga [to agha' ?] a sort of wild animal J Vi.247 (= aghavaha miga) 507 (= aghakara). Cp. BSk. agha- rika Divy 475.

Aghavin (adj.) [to agha'] suffering pain, being in misery Sn 694 (= dukkhita SnA 489).

Anka

Angana

Anka' = anga, sign, mark, brand Miln 79; °karana branding J IV. 366, 375. See also anketi.

Anka^ [Vedic anka hook, bent etc., anc, cp. ankura & ankusa. Gr. xyxm elbow, xyxvfx =^ anchor; Lat. uncus nail; Ohg. angul = E. angle] (a.) a hook J v.322 = VI.2:8 (v. 1. BB anga). — (b.) the lap (i. e. the bent position) or the hollow above the hips where infants are carried by Hindos mothers or nurses (ankena vahati) Vin 11.114; D 11.19 (anke pariharati to hold on one's lap or carry on one's hips), 20 (nisidapeti seat on one's lap); M 11.97 (ankena vahitva); Th i, 299; J 1.262 (anke nisinna); 11.127, 236; vi.513; DhA 1. 170 (ankena vahitva) PvA 17 (nisidapeti).

Ankita [pp. of anketi] marked, branded J 1. 231 (cakkan- kita Salthu pada): 11. 185 ("kannaka with perforated ears).

Ankura [cp. Sk. ankura, to anka a bend = a tendril etc.] a shoot, a sprout (lit. or fig.) J 11.105; VI.331 (Buddh °a nascent Buddha), 486; Dhs 617 ("vanna); Miln 50, 25 1 269; Sdhp 273; Mhvs 15, 43.

Ankusa [Vedic ankusa; to anC, see anka'] a hook, a pole with a hook, used (l) for plucking fruit off trees, a crook J 1.9 Cpacchi hook & basket); v.89 = vi.520 (pacchi- khanitti''), 529 (= phalanai) ganhanatthai) ankusaq). — (2) to drive an elephant, a goad (cp patoda & tutta) Vin 11.196 (+kasa); J vi.489; Th.\ 173 (ovadan anku- saq katva, fig. guide); Sdhp 147 (dand°). — (3) N. of a certain method of inference in Logic (naya), consisting in inferring certain mental states of a general character from respective traits where they are to be found Nett 2, 4, 127; Nett A 20S; — acc° beyond the reach of the goad D 11.266 (naga). See also ankusaka.

-gayha (the art) how to grasp and handle an eleph.- driver's hook M 11.94 (sippa). -gaha an eleph. -driver Dh 826.

Ankusaka [see anka-, cp. ankusa] I. a crook for plucking fruit J 111.22. — 2. an eleph.-driver's hook J 111.431. -yattha a crooked stick, alpenstock, staff (of an ascetic) J 11.68 (+ pacchi).

Anketi [Denom. fr. anka'] to mark out, brand J 1.451 lakkhanena); 11.399. — PP- ankita, q. v.

Ankola [dial, for ankura] a species of tree Alangium Hexapetalum J vi.535. Cp. next.

Ankolaka = ankola J 1V.440; V.420.

Anga (nt.) [Vedic anga, anC cp. Lat. angulus = angle, corner etc., ungulus finger-ring = Sk. angullya. See also anka, anguttha & angula] (1) (lit.) a constituent part of the body, a limb, member; also of objects : part, member (see cpd. "sambhara); utfam^anga the reproductive organ J v.ig7; also as "head" at ThA 209. Usually in cpds. (see below, esp. "paccanga), as sabbanga-kalyani perfect in all limbs Pv 111.3^ (= sobhana-sabbanga-paccangi PvA 189) and in redupln. anga-m-angani limb by limb, with all limbs (see also below anga -)- paccanga) Vin 111.119; Vv 38^ ("ehi naccamana); Pv Ii.i2i», '■'', '8 (sunakho te khadati). — (2) (fig.) a constituent part of a whole or system or collection, e. g. uposath° the vows of the fast J 15°) bhavanga the constituents or the condition of becoming (see bhava & cp. Cjx/. 265 sq.); bojjbanga (q. v.). Esp. with numerals : cattari angani 4 constituents A 11.79 (^'2. sila, samadhi, paiiiia. vimutli and rupa, ve- dana, sanna, bhava), atthangika (q. v.) raagga the Path with its eight constituents or the eightfold Path (KhA 85 : atth' angani assa ti) navanga Buddha-sasana see nava. — (3) a constituent part as characteristic, promi- nent or distinguishing, a mark, attribute, sign, quality D I.I 13 sq., 117 (imina p' angena by this quality, or: in this respect, cp. below 4; DA 1.281 expls tena kara-

nena). In a special sense striking (abnormal) sign or mark on the body D 1.9, from which a prophesy is made (: hattha-padadisu yena kenaci evarupena angena saman- nagato dighayu . . holi ti . . angasatthan = chiromantics DA 1.92). Thus in comb"- with samannagata & sam- panna always meaning endowed with "good", superior, remarkable "qualities", e. g. J 1.3 (sabbanga-sampanna nagarar) a city possessing all marks of perfection) ; 11.207. — In enum"- with var. numerals: tlhi angehi s. A 1.1155 catlari sotapannassa a- D 111.227 = A iv.405sq.; paiic- anga-vippahino ( i. e. giving up the 5 hindrances, see nivarana) and paiicanga-samannagato (i. e. endowed with the 5 good qualities, viz. the sila-kkhandha, see kkhandha II. Ad) S 1.99 = .\ 1.161; V.15, 29. Similarly the 5 attri- butes of a brahmin (viz. sujata of pure birth, .ijjhayaka a student of the Vedas, abhiriipa handsome, silava of good conduct, pandita clever) D 1.119, '^o. Eight qualities of a king D 1.137. Ten qualities of an Arahant (cp. dasa' B 2) S 111.83; Kh iv.io = KhA 88; cp. M 1.446 (dasah' angehi samannagato rarino assajaniyo). — (4) (modally) part, share, interest, concern ; ajjbattikai] angaij my own part or interest in the outside world) A 1.16 sq. = S v.ioi sq. ; It 9. rafiiio angai) an asset or profit for the king M 1.446. Thus adv. tadanga (see also ta° i.a) as a matter of fact, in this respect, for sure, certainly and tadangena by these means, through this, therefore M 1.492; A IV.411; Sdhp 455, 456; imina p^ angena for that reason M 11.168. — In comp"- with verbs angi° (angi°) : angigata having limbs or ports, divided D.\ 1. 313; cp. samangi (-bhuta).

-jata "the distinguishing member", i. e. sign of male or female (see above 3); membrum virile and muliebre Vin 1.191 (of cows); 111.20, 37, 205; J 11-359; Miln 124. -paccanga one limb or the other, limbs great and small M 1.81; J vi-20, used (a) collectively, the condition of perfect limbs, or adj. with perfect limbs, having all limbs Pv II.I2'2 (:= paripunna-sabbanga-paccangavati PvA 158); SnA 383; DhA 1.390; ThA 288; Sdhp 83 fig. rathassa angapaccangan M 1.395; sabbanga-paccangani all limbs Miln 148. — (b) dish'ibiitively (cp. similar redupl. forma- tions like chiddavachidda, setthanu-setthi, khandakhanda, cunnavicunna) limb after limb, one limb after the other (like angamangani above 1), piecemeal M 1. 133 (°e da- ssyya), 366; J 1.20; IV. 324 (cbinditva). -paccangata the condition or state of perfect limbs, i. e. a perfect body VvA 134 (suvisuddh°). -paccangin having all limbs (perfect) D 1.34 (sabbanga-peccangi); PvA 189. -raga painting or rouging the body Vin 11.107 (+ mukha"). -latthi spront, offshoot ThA 226. -vata gout Vin 1.205. -vijja the art of prognosticating from marks on the body, chiromantics, palmistry etc. (cp. above 3) D 1.9 (see expl. at DA 1.93); J 1290 (°aya cheka clever in fortune-tel- ling) ; °annbhava the power of knowing the art of signs on the body J 11.200; v.284; °pathaka one who in versed in palmistry etc. J 11.21, 250; v-458. -vekalla bodily deformity DhA 11.26. -sattha the science of prognostic- ating from certain bodily marks DA 1.92. -sambbara the combination of parts Miln 28 ^ S 1.135; Miln 41. -hetuka a species of wild birds, living in forests J vi.538.

Angara' (nt.) [cp. Sk. angana & °na; to anga?] an open space, a clearing, Vin 11. 218; J 1. 109 (= manussanan saiicaran.vtthane anavate bhumibhage C); 11.243, 29°! 357; Davs 1.27. — cetiy° an open space before a Chaitya Miln 366, DA I.191, 197; VvA 254. raj° the empty space before the king's palace, the royal square J 1. 124, 152; 11.2; DhA 11.45.

-tthana a clearing (in a wood or park) J 1.249, 421. -pariyanta the end or border of a clearing J 11.200.

Angara' [prob. to anj, thus a variant of aiijana, q. v.] ; a speck or freckle (on the face) A v.92, 94 sq. (+ raja). Usually in neg. anangana (adj.) free frjm fleck or blemish, clear, (of the mind) (opp. sangana Sn 279); D 1.76; M 1.24 sq.; 100 (-j-raja); A 11.211; Sn 517 (+ vigata-

Angana

Accaya

raja = angananan abhavix malanan ca vigama . . . SnA 427), 622 = Dh 125 (^ nikkilesa DhA 111.34); Dh 236, 351; Pug 60; Nett 87.

Angada [cp. Sk. angnda ; prob. anga -f- da that which is given to the limbs] a bracelet J v. 9, 410 (citt°, adj. with manifold bracelets).

Angadlll (adj.) [to angada] wearing a bracelet J v. 9.

Angara (m. nt.) [Vedic angara] charcoal, burniog coal, embers A 111.97, 3^0, 407; J 1.73; 111.54, 55; v.488; Sd 668; Sdhp 32. kul° the charcoal of the family, a squanderer S IV. 324 (see under kula).

-kataba a pot for holding burning coal, a charcoal pan D.\ 1. 261. -kapalla an earthenware pan for ashes UhA 1.260; Dhs A 333; VvA 142. -kammakara a charcoal burner J VI. 209. -kasu a charcoal pit M 1.74, 365; Th 2, 491; J 1.233; Sn 396; ThA 288; DhA 1442; Sdhp 208. -pacctai a basket for ashes DhA iv.tgi. -pabbata the mountain of live embers, the glowing mount (in Niraya) A 1. 141; Miln 303; Pv.\ 221 Caropana); Sdhp 208. -mar]sa roast meat Mhvs 10, 16. -masi ashes DhA III. 309. -rasi a heap of burning coal J in. 55.

Angaraka (adj.) [cp. Sk. angaraka] like charcoal, of red colour, N. of the planet Mars DA 1.95; cp. J 1.73.

Angarika a charcoal-burner J VI. 206 (== angara-kamma- kara p. 209).

Angarin (adj.) [to angara] (burning) like coal, of bright- red colour, crimson Th I, 527 = J 1. 87 (duma trees in full bloom).

Angika ( — °) (adJO [fr- anga] consisting of parts, — fold) only in comp"- with num. like auh°, duv° (see dve), catur°, panc° etc., q. v.

Angln (adj.) limbed, having limbs or parts, — fold, see catur° & pace" (under anga-paccangin). — f. angini having spronts or shoots (of a tree) Th 2, 297 (= ThA 226).

Anguttha [cp. Sk. angustha, see etym. under anga] i. the thumb Vin HI. 34; Miln 123; PvA 198. — 2. the great toe J n.92; Mhvs 35, 43.

-pada thumb-mark A IV.I27 = S 111.154. -sineha love drawn from the thumb, i. e. extraordinary love Pv 111.5^, cp. PvA 198.

Angutthaka = anguttha J IV. 378; V.281; pad° the great toe S V.270.

Angula [Vedic angula, lit. "limblct" see anga for etym.] I. a finger or toe M 1.395 (vank' angulan karoti to bend the fingers, v. 1. angulin); A 111.6 (id.); J v 70 (gon° adj. with ox toes, expld- by C. as with toes like an ox's tail ; vv. 11. "anguttha and °anguli). — 2. a finger as measure, i. e. a finger-breadth, an inch Vin 11.294, 3°^ (dvangula 2 inches wide); Mhvs 19, 11 (atjh"); DhA III. 1 27 (ek°).

-atthi (? cp. aoga-latthi) fingers (or toes) and bones DA 1.93. -anguli fingers and toes DhA 111.214. -antarika the interstices between the fingers Vin 111.39; Miln 180; Dh.\ 111.214.

Angulika (m.) [= anguli] a finger J 111.13 (paiic°); v.204 (vatt'' = pavaj' ankurasadisa valtanguli p. 207). See also

paficangulika.

Angull & Anguti (thus always in cpds.) (f.) [Vedic anguli &L °i; see anga] a finger A IV. 127; Sn 610; J 111.416; IV.474; V.215 (vatt° with rounded fingers); Miln 395; DhA 11.59; IV. 210; SnA 229.

-patodaka nudging with the fingers Vin 111.84 = iv.l 10; D 1.91 = A IV. 343. -pada finger-mark A IV.127 = S 111.154. -potba snapping or cracking the fingers J v.67. •muddika a signet ring Vin 11.106: J iv.498; v.439, 467. -sanghattana" = potha DA 1.256.

Anguteyyaka (nt.) [cp. Sk. anguUyaka thr.t which belongs to the finger, Mhg. vingerlin ^ f'Dgj ^* bracelet, Fr. bras; thimble thumb etc.] an ornament for the finger, a finger-ring J 11.444 (= nikkha).

Acankama (avj.) [a + cankama] not fit for walking, not level or even Th i, 1 174 (magga).

Acittaka (adj.) [a -f citta^ + l^a] I. without thought or intention unconscious, unintentional DhA 11.42. — 2. without heart or feeling, instr. aeittakena (adv.) heart- lesely J iv.58 (C. for acetasa).

Acittlkata (adj.) [a -f citta'^ -f kata; cp. ciltikara] not well thought of Miln 229.

Acira see cira & cp. nacira.

Acela (adj. -n.) [a -f- ceia] one who is not clothed, esp. 1. 1. for an anti-Buddhist naked ascetic D 1.161, 165; 111.6, 12, 17 sq.; S 1.78; J v.75.

Acelaka = acela D 1.166; III 40; A 1.295; 11.206; 111.384 ("savaka); J 111.246; vi.229; Pug 55; DhA 111.489.

ACC- I. a -f- c°, e. g. accuta ^ a -)- cuta, — 2. Assimilation group of (a) ati -|- vowel; (b) c -f cons. e. g. aeci = arci.

ACCaga [ati -\- aga] "y^ sg. pret. of ati-gacchati (q. v. for similar forms) he overcame, should or could overcome Sn 1040 (expld. wrongly as pp. = atikUanta at Nd^ 10 and as alita at DhA iv.454); Dh 414.

Accankusa (adj.) [ati -f- ankusa] beyond the reach of thp goad D 11.266 (naga).

Accatari see atitarati.

ACCati [Vedic arcati, fC, orig. meaning to be clear & to sing i. e. to sound clear, cp. arci] to praise, honour, cele- brate Davs v. 66 (accayittha, pret.) — pp accita, q. v.

Accanta (adj. — & adv. ° — ) [ati -f anta, lit. "up to the end"] I. uninterrupted, continuous, perpetual J I.223; Miln 413; Vv.A. 71; PvA 73, 125, 266; Sdhp 288. — 2. final, absolute, complete; adv. thoroughly S 1. 130 ("q halaputta' mhi); 111.13 = A '-291 sq. ; v. 326 sq. (°nittha, ■^yogakkhemin); Kvu 586 (°niyamala final assurance; cp. Kvu trsl. 340). — 3. (° — ) exceedingly extremely, very much A 1.145 ("sukhumala, extremely delicate), Miln 26 (id.); Sn 794 (°suddhi z= paramattha-accantasuddhi SnA 528); Th 1, 692 (°ruci); Dh 162 (°dussilya = ekanta" DhA 111.153).

Accaya [from acceti, ati -f- i, going ou or beyond ; cp. Sk. atyaya] (i) (temporal) lapse, passing; passing away, end, death. Usually as instr. accayena after the lapse 01, at the end or death of after Vin 1.25; D 11.127 (■'a'- liyS a), 154 (mam° when I shall be dead); M 1.438 (temas° after 3 months); S 1.69; Snp. 102 (catunnaq niasanaq), p. 1 10 (rattiyS); J 1.253 (ekaha-dvih°), 291 (katipah° after a few days); PvA 47 (katipSh"), 82 (da- samas°), 145 (vassasatanoij). — (2) (modal) passing or getting over, overcoming, conquering, only in phrase dur-accaya difficult to overcome, of kamapanka Sn 945 (:= dur-atikkamanlya SnA 568), of sanga Sn 948: tanhS Dh 336; sola It 95. — (3) (fig.) going beyond (the norm), transgression, offence Vin 1. 133 (thull° a grave offence), 167 (id.); 11.110,170; esp. ia foil, phrases: accayo mai) accagauia a fault has overcome me, i. e. has been com- mitted by me (in confession formula) D 1 85 (= abhi- bhavitvS pavatto has overwhelmed me D.\ I.236); A1.54; M 1.438 (id.); accayar) accayato passati to recognise a breach of the regulation as such Vin 1.315; A 1.103; 11.146 sq.; '"ij desetl to confess the transgression S 1.239; "r) accayato pafiga^haM to accept (the confession of) the fault, i. e. to pardon the transgression , in confession- formula at D 1.85 = (Vio 11.192 ; M 1.438 etc.). In the

Accaya

Acchati

same sense accaya-pa^iggahana pardon, absolution J v.380 ; accayena desanaij patiganhati J I..379; accayai] kha- mati to forgive Miln 420.

Accasara (adj.) [a form. fr. aor. accasari (ati 4- Sf). influ- enced in meaning by analogy of ati -f- a + sara (sinf)- Not with Morris (J. P. T. S. 1889, 200) a corruption of accaya + sara (Sfllf)) thus meaning "mindful of a fault"] I. going beyond the limits (of proper behaviour), too self-sure, overbearing, arrogant, proud S 1.239 (v. 1. acca- yasara caused by prolepsis of foil, accaya); J iv.6 (+ atisara); DhA iv.230 (= expecting too much). — 2. going beyond the limits (of understanding), beyond grasp, trans- cendental (of panha a question) M 1.304; S V.218 (v. 1. SS for bB reading ajjhapara). Cp. accasSrin.

Accasara (f-) [abstr. to accasara] overbeariog^ pride, self- surity Vbh 358 (-f maya). Note. In id. p. at Pug 23 we read acchadana instead of accasara.

Accasari [fr. ati 4- Sf] aor 3. sg. of atisarati to go beyond the limit, to go astray J v.70.

Accasarin (adj.) = accasara 1., aspiring too high Sn 8 sq. (yo naccasarl, opp. to na paccasarl; axpl^- at SnA 21 by yo nStidhavi, opp. na ohiyyi).

Accahasi [fr. ati -|- hf] aor 3 sg. of atiharati to bring over, to bring, to take J 111.484 (= ativiya abari C).

ACCftbhikkbaoa (° — ) [ati 4- abhikkhana] too often J V.233 ("saqsagga; C. expl^- ativiya abhinha).

Accaraddha (adj. adv.) [ati -|- Sraddha] exerting oneself, very or too much, with great exertion Vin 1.182; Th i, 638; SnA 21.

Accayata (adj.) [ati -f ayaU] too long A 111.375.

ACCaylka (adj.) [fr. accaya] out of time, viz. I irregular, extraordiiiary J Vl.549, 553. — 2. urgent, pressing M 1.149 (karaniyan business) 11.112; J 1.338; v.17 °r) (nt.) hurry DhA 1. 18. See also acceka.

Accasaona (adj.) [ati 4- Ssanoa} very near, too near PvA 42 (na a. n'&tidura neither too near nor too far, at an easy distance).

Acc&hita (adj.) [ati 4- ahita] /ery cruel, very unfriendly, terrible J :v.46 = v.146 (= ati ahita C.) = vi.306 (id.).

Accavadati [ati 4- avadati; or is it = ajjhSvadati = adhi 4- avadati?] to speak more or better, to surpass in talk or speech; to talk somebody down, to persuade, entice Vin 1V.224, 263 ; S 11.204 sq- ; J V.433 (v. 1. BB ajjharali), 434 (v. 1. BB aghScarati for ajjhacarati = ajjhavadati?).

Accl & (in verse) acci (f) [Vedic arci m. & arcis nt. & f. to fc, cp. accati] a ray of light, a beam, flame S iv.290 (spelt acchi), 399; A IV.103; V.9; Sn 1074 (vuccati jala- sikha Nds 11); J V.213; Miln 40; ThA 154 (dip'); Sdbp 250

Acclka (f.) [fr. acci] a flame M 1.74; S 11.99.

Acclta [pp. of accati] honoured, praised, esteemed J VI. 180.

Accimant (adj.) [fr. acci, cp. Vedic arcimant & arcismaat] flaming, glowing, fiery; brilliant Th 1,527; J v.266; vi.248; Vv 38*.

Accl-bandha (adj.) [=accibaddha?] at Vin 1.287 's expl<i- by Bdhgh as caturassa-kedara-baddha ("divided into short pieces" Vin Texts 11.207), i. e- with squares of irrigated fields. The vv. II. are acca° and acchi°, and we should prefer the conjecture acchi-baddha "in the shape of cubes or dice", i. e. with square fields.

AcCUggaCChatl [aii -|- uggacchati] to rise out (of), ger. accuggamma D II.38 ; A V.152 (in simile of lotus).

Accuggata (adj.) [ati 4- uggata] I. very high or lofiy Miln 346 (giri); VvA 197; DhA 11.65. — 2- '°° '"'g''. '• s- too shrill or loud J VI.133 (sadda), 516 (fig. = alikuddha very angry C).

Accu^a (adj.) [ati 4- unha] very hot, too hot Sn 966 ; Nd' 487; DhA 11.85, 87 (v.l. for abbhunha). See also ati-unha.

Accuta (adj.) [a 4- cuta] immoveable ; everlasting, eternal ; nt. °i] Ep. of Nibbana (see also cuta) A iv.295, 327 ; Sn 204, 1086 (=nicca etc. Nd- 12); Dh 225 (=: sassata DhA in.321); Sdhp 47.

Accupattliapetl at J v. 124 is to be read with v.l. as apaccu- patthapeti (does not indulge in or care for).

Aaccupati at J iv.250 read accuppati, aor. 3rd sg. of accuppatati to fall in between (lit. on to), to interfere (with two people quarelling). C. expK atigantva uppati. There is no need for Kern's corn acchupati (Toev. s. v.).

AcCUSSanna (adj.) [ati 4- ussanna] too full, too thick Vin 11.151.

Acceka = accayika, special; °civara a special robe Vin 111.261 ; cp. Vin Texts 1.29'.

Accetl [ati 4- eti fr. I] i. to pass (of time), to go by, to elapse Th i, 145 (accayanti ahoratta). — 2. to overcome, to get over Miln 36 (dukkhaij). — Caus. accetl to make go on (loc), to put on J VI. 17 (sulasmiij; C. avuneti), but at '.his passage prob. to be read appeti (q. v.).

AcCOgaIha (adj.) [ati -j- ogalha] too abundant, too plentiful (of riches), lit. plunged into A iv.282, 287, 323 sq.

Accodaka (nt.) [ati 4- udaka] too much water (opp. ano- daka no water) DhA 1.52.

Accodara (nt.) [ati -f- udara] too much eating, greediness, lit. too much of a belly J iv.279 (C. ati-udara).

Accha' (adj ) [cp. Sk. accha, dial., to fc (see accati), thus "shining"; cp. Sk. rksa bald, bare and Vedic rkvan bright. Monier-Williams however takes it as a -|- cha fr. chad> thus "not covered, not shaded"] clear, transparent Vin 1.206 (°ka5jika); D 1.76 (mani = tanucchavi DA 1.221), 80 (udakapatta), 84 (udaka-rahada) ; M i.ioo; S 11.281 (°patta); ill. 105 (id.); A 1.9; J li.ioo (udaka); Vv 79>« (vari); DA 1.113 (yagu).

-odaka having clear water, with clear water (of lotus ponds) Vv 4411; 8i5; f °odika Vv 4l» = 6o'.

Accha' [Vedic rksa = Gr. Stpxro;, Lat. ursus, Cymr. arth] a bear Vin 1.200; A lli.ioi; J v.197, 406, 416; Miln 23, 149. At j Vl.507 accha figures as N. of an animal, but is in expl"- taken in the sense of accha* (accha nama aghammiga C). Note, Another peculiar form of accha is P. ikka (q. v.).

Accha' = akkha' (a die) see acci-bandha.

Accha* (adj.) [Ved. rksaj hurtful, painful, bad DhA lv.163 ("ruja).

Acchaka = accha>, a bear J v.71.

Acchati [Vedic asyati & Sste, as; cp. Gr. ^ina,i\ I. to sit, to sit still Vin 1.289; A 11.15; It 120 (in set carat! titjhati a. aayatl, where o'berwise nisinna stands for acchati); Vv 74' (= nisidati VvA 298); PvA 4. — 2. to stay, remain, to leave alone Th i, 936; J iv.306. — 3. to be, behave, live Vin 11.195; D 1.102; S 1.212; Vv ii'^; Pv IU.3' (= nisidati vasati PvA 188); Miln 88; DhA 1.424. In this sense often pleonastic for finite verb, thus aggii]

Acchati

Aja

karitva a. (= aggii) karoti) D 1.102; aggii) paricaranto a. (= aggii] paricarati) DA 1.270; tantar) pasarento a. (= tantaq pasoreti) DhA 1.424. — Pot. acche It no; aor. acchi Vin iv.308; DhA 1.424.

Acchanna (adj.) [pp. of acchadeli] covered with, clothed in, fig. steeped in (c. loe.) J III.323 (lohite a. = aimugga C). At D 1.91 naccbaana is for na chanoa (see channa'^)= not fair, not suitable or proper (patirOpa).

ACChambhln (adj.) [a + chambhin] not frightened, undis- mayed, fearless Sn 42 (reading achambhin; Nd^ 13 expK abhiru anulrasi etc.); J vi.322 (= nikkampa C). See chambhin.

ACChara' (f.) [etym. uncertain, but certainly dialectical; Trenckner connects it with acchurita (Notes 76); Childers compares Sk. aksara (see akkhara); there may be a con- nection with akkhana in akkhana-vedhin (cp. BSk. acchata Divy 555), or possibly a relation to a + tSBTi thus meaning "stealthily", although the primary meaning is "snapping, a quick sound"] the snapping of the fingers, the bringing together of the finger-tips: I. (lit.) accbaran pabarati to snap the fingers J 11.447; HM91 ; iv.124, 126; V.314; VI.366; DhA 1.38, 424. — As measure: as much as one may hold with the finger-tips, a pinch J v.385 ; DhA 11.273 Cgahanamattai)) ; cp. ekacchara-matta DhA 11.274. — 2. (fig.) a finger's snap, i. e. a short moment, in ek^accbara-kkbane in one moment Miln 102, and in def. of acchariya (q. v ) at D.\ 1.43; VvA 329.

-sangbata the snapping of the fingers as signifying a short duration of time, a moment, "matla momentary, only for one moment (cp. BSk. acchatasanghata Divy 142) A i.io, 34, 38; IV.396; Th i, 405; 2, 67 (expld. at ThA 76 as ghatikSmatlam pi khanai) angulipothana- mattam pi kalai)). -sadda the sound of the snapping of a finger J in. 127.

Acchara' (f.) [V'edic apsaras ^ apa, water + sarati, orig- water nymph] a celestial nymph M 1.253 (p'- accharayo) 11.64; Th 2, 374 (= devacchara ThA 252); J v.152 sq- (Alambusa a.) Vv 5^ (= devakafina VvA 37); Vv 172) 18" etc.; DhA 111.8, 19; PvA 46 (dev°); Miln 169; Sdhp 298.

Acchat^ka (nt. or f. ?) [fr. acchara'] in °r) vadeti to make heavenly music (lit. the sounds of an acchara or heavenly nymph) A IV.265.

Acchariya (adj.-nt.) [cp. Sk. ascarya since Upanishads of uncertain etym. — The conventional etym. of Pali gram- marians connects it with acchara' (which is prob. correct & thus reduces Sk. ascarya to a Sanskritisation of accha- riya) viz. Dhamraapala: anabhinha-ppavattitaya acchara- paharana yoggaij that which happens without a moment's notice, at the snap of a finger; i.e. causally unconnected (cp. Goth, silda-leiks in similar meaning) VvA 329; and Buddhaghosa: acchara-yoggan ti acchariyaq accharaq paha- ritur) yuttan ti attho DA 1.43] wonderful, surprising, strange, marvellous D 11.155; M 1.79; 111.118, 125, 144 (aii°); S IV.371; A 1.181; Miln 28, 253; DhA 111.171; PvA 121; VvA 71 (an°). As nt. often in exclamations: how wonderful! what a marvel! J 1.223, 279; iv.138; VI.94 (a. vata bho); DhA IV.51 (aho a.); VvA 103 (aho ti acchariyatlhena nipato). Thus freq. combd- with ab- bhutai) = how wonderful & strange, marvellous, beyond comprehension, e. g. D 1.2, 60, 206, 210; II. 8; and in phrase acchariya abbbuta dhamma strange & wonderful things, i.e. wonderful signs, portents marvels, M III. 118, 125; A 1V.198; Miln 8; also as adj. in phrase accbariya- abbhuta-(citta-JJata with their hearts full of wonder and surprise DhA iv.52; PvA 6, 50. — See also acchera & accheraka.

Acchidana (nt.) [fr. acchsdeti] covering, clothing Th I, 698; Miln 279. — fig. protection, sheltering J 1.307.

AcchadanS (f.) [= prec] covering, hiding, concealment Pug 19, 23. — Nott. In id. p. at Vbh 358 we read accasara for acchadana. Is the latter merely a gloss?

Acchadetl [a -f chadeti<, Caus. of chad, cp. BSk. accha- dayati jivitena to keep alive Av. 6, 1. 300; Divy 136, 137] to cover, to clothe, to put on D 1.63 =: It 75; J 1.254; 111.189; IV.318; Pug 57; Pv i.io' (ger. acchada- yitvana); DA 1.181 (=: paridahitva); PvA 49, 50. — fig. to envelop, to fill J vi.581 (abbhar) rajo acchadesi dust filled the air). — pp. accbanna (q. v.).

Acchi at S IV.290 is faulty spelling for acci (q. v.).

Acchijja (v. 1. accheja) destroying (?) S 1. 127. Is the reading warranted? Cp. acchecchi.

Acchidda see chidda.

Acchlndati [a -f- chindati, lit. to break for oneself] to remove forcibly, to take away, rob, plunder Vin IV.247 (sayaij a. to appropriate); J 11.422; HI. 1 79; iv.343; Miln 20; Sdhp 122. — ger. accbinditva J 11.422; DhA 1.349; PvA 241 (sayar)); & accbetva M 1.434. Caus. 11. accbin- dapeti to induce a person to theft Vin iv.224, 247.

ACChinna (adj.) [a -|- chinna, pp. of acchindati] removed, taken away, stolen, robbed Vin IV.278, 303; J 11.78; IV.45; V.212.

Acchiva [*Sk. ^ksiba and akslba] a certain species of tree (Hypanthera Moringa) J vi.535.

Acchupeti [a -f- chupeti, Caus. of chupati] to procure or provide a hold, to insert, to put on or in Vin 1.290 (aggalag) n.l 12.

Acchecchi [Sk. acchaitsit] 3"'d sg. aor. of chindati "he has cut out or broken, has destroyed" (see also chindati 3), in comb", with tanbar) M 1.122; S 1.12, 23, 127 (so read for acchejja); IV.105, 207. It 47 ; A III. 246, 445; DhA IV.70 (gloss acchindi, for acchidda pret. of Dh 351). The v. 1. at all passages is accbejji, which is to be accounted for on graphological grounds, ch & j being substituted in MSS. Kern (Toevoegselen s. v.) mistakes the form & tries to explain acchejji as adj. = ali-ejin (eja), acchecchi = ati-icchin (iccha). The syntactical construction however clearly points to an aor.

Acchejja = a 4- chejja not to be destroyed, indestructible, see chindati.

Acchedana (nt.) [abstr. to acchindati] robbing, plundering J VI.544.

Acchera (adj.) := acchariya wonderful, marvellous S 1.181; Vv 84" (comp. accheratara) ; Pv III.5' (°rupa = acchariya- sabhava PvA 197); Sdhp 244, 398.

Accheraka (adj.) = acchera (acchariya) J 1.279; Bu 1.9 (patihiraq).

Aja [Vcdic aja fr. aj (I.at. ago to drive), cp. ajina] a he- goat, a ram D 1.6, 127; A 11.207; J '•241; in.278 sq. ; V.241 ; Pug 56; PvA 80.

-elaka [Sk. ajaidaka] goats & sheep D 1.5, 141; A 11.42 sq., 209; J 1.166; vi.iio; Pug 58. As pi. ">a S 1.76; It 36; J IV. 363. -pada goat-footed M 1.134. -pala goatherd, in °nigrodharukkha (Npl.) "goatherds' Nigrodha-tree" Vin 1.2 sq. Dpvs 1.29 (cp. M Vastu 111.302). -palika a woman goatherd Vin III. 38. -lakkbana "goat-sign", i. e. prophe- sying from signs on a goat etc. D 1.9 (expld- DA 1.94 as "evarupanaq ajanaq mansaq khaditabbni) evarupSnai) na khaditabban ti"). -la;idika (pi.) goats' dung, in phrase najimatta a. a cup full of goats' dung (which is put down a bad minister's throat as punishment) J 1.419; DhA 11.70; PvA 282. -vata "goats' habit", a practice of certain ascetics (to live after the fashion of goats) J IV.318.

Ajaka

lo

Ajjhatta

Ajaka a goat, pi. goats Vin 11.154. — f. ajika J 111.278 & ajiya J v.z^i.

Ajagara [aja + gara = gala fr. *gel to devour, thus "goat- eater'] a large snake (rock-snake?). Boa Constrictor J VI.507; Miln 23, 303, 364, 406; DhA III. 60. Also as ajakara at J 111.484 (cp. Trenckner, Notes p. 64).

Ajacca (adj.) [a-f-jacca] of low birth J 111.19; VI. 100.

Ajajjara see jajjara.

Ajaddhuka & Ajaddhumara see jaddhu.

Ajamoja [Sk. ajamoda, cp. Sk. ajaji] cummin-seed VvA 186.

Aja (f.) a she-goat J 111.125; 'v.251.

Ajanana (° — ) (nt.) [a -f- janana] not knowing, ignorance (of) J V.199 (°bhava); VI.177 (°kala).

Ajina (nt.) [Vedic ajina, to aja, orig. goats' skin] the hide of the black antelope, worn as a garment by ascetics D 1.167; Sn 1027; J 1.12, 53; IV.387; V.407. kharajina a rough skin (as garment) M 1.343; S IV.118; A 11.207; Sn 249 (= kharani a°-cammani SnA 291). dantajina ? ivory (q. v.).

-khipa a cloak made of a network of strips of a black antelope's hide D 1.167; S 1.117; .\ 1.240, 295; 11.206; Vin 1.306; 111.34; J VI. 569. -paveni a cloth of the size of a couch made from pieces of ant. skin sewn together Vin 1. 192; D 1.7 (= ajina-cammehi maScappamSnena sib- bitva kata paveni DA 1.87); A 1.181. -sati a garment of skins (= ajina-camma-sati DhA IV.156) Dh 394=:} 1.481 =: III. 85.

Ajlnl aor 3rd sg. jayati, q. v.

Ajiya = ajika (see ajaka).

Ajlra (nt.). [Vedic ajira to aj, cp. Gr. ayp^c, Lat. ager, Goth, akrs ^ Ger. Acker, = E. acre] a court, a yard Mhvs 35, 3.

Ajiraka (nt.) [a-l-jlraka] indigestion J 1.404; 11.181, 291; 111.213, 225.

Ajeyya" & Ajjeyya (adj.) [a -f jeyya, grd. of jayati, q. v.] —

(a) not to be taken by force Kh vm.8 (cp. KhA 223). —

(b) not to be overpowered, invincible Sn 288; J v. 509.

Ajeyya'^ (adj.) [a -f- jeyya, grd. of jiyati, q. v.] not decaying, not growing old, permanent J vi.323.

Ajja & Ajja (adv.) [Vedic adya & adya, a -f- dya, a° being base of demonstr. pron. (see a'') and dyi. an old loc. of dyaus (see diva), thus "on this d.iy"] to-day, now Sn 75, 153, 158, 970, 998; Dh 326; J 1.279; "'■425 (read bahutai) ajja; not with Kern, Toev. s. v. as "food"); Pv l.tl' (= idani PvA 59); PvA 6, 23; Mhvs 15, 64. — Freq. in phrase ajjatagge (=: ajjato + agge(r) or ajja-t- agge, see agga') from this day onward, henceforth Vin 1.18; D 1.85; DA 1.235.

-kalai) (adv.) this morning J VI. 1 80; -divasa the present day Mhvs 32, 23.

Ajjatana (adj.) [cp. Sk. adyatana] referring to the day, to day's, present, modern (opp. porana) Th i, 552; Dh 227; J 11.409. — dat. ajjhatanaya for to day Vin 1.17; PvA 171 & passim.

Ajjata (f.) [abstr. fr. ajja] the present lime, in ajjataS ca this very day S 1.83 (v. 1. ajjeva).

Ajjati [Vedic arjati, fj, a variant of arh, see arahati] to get, procure, obtain J 111.263 (?). pp. ajjita (q.v.).

Ajjava (adj.-n.) [cp. Sk. Srjava, to fju, see uju] straight, upright (usually combd- with maddava gentle, soft) D III. 213; A 1.94; 11.113; III. 248; Sn 250 (+ maddava), 292 (id.); J 111.274; Dhs 1339; Vbh 359 (an°); SnA 292 (=: ujubhava), 317 (id.).

Ajjavata (f.) [fr. prec] straight forwardness, rectitude, up- rightness Dhs 1339. (+ ajimhala & avankata).

Ajjita [pp. of ajjati] obtained Sdhp 98.

Ajjuka [*Sk. arjaka] N. of a plant, Ocimum Gratissimum Vin IV.35; DA 1.81 (all MSS. have ajjaka).

AjjukaoOS [*Sk. arjakarna] N. of a tree Pentaptera To- mentosa J vi.535 (nn).

Ajjunho (adv.) [haplology fr. ajja-junho; see junhs] this moonlight night Vin 1.25 ; iv.80.

I Ajjuna [Vedic arjuna, to raj; cp. Gr. apy6( white, iipyufOf silver, Lat. argenium] the tree Pentaptera Arjuna J VI.535 ; DhA 1.105 ("rukkha).

Ajjh- Assimilation group of adhi -j- vowel.

Ajjhaga [adhi -p aga] 3rd sg. pret. of adhigaccbati (q. v. for similar forms) he came to, got to, found, obtained, experienced S 1. 12 (vimanai)); Sn 225 (expld- at KhA 180 by vindi patilabhi), 956 (ratiri; expH- at Ndi 457 by adhigacchi); It 69 (jatimaranaq); Dh 154 (tanhanai) khayaij); Vv 32' (visesan attained distinction ; expld- at VvA 135 by adhigata); 50^1 (amataq santir); expld- VvA 215 by V. 1. SS adhigaiichi, T. adhigaccbati).

Ajjhatta (adj. -n.) [cp. Sk. adhyatma, cp. atta], that which is personal, subjective, arises from within (in contrast to anything outside, objective or impersonal); as adv. & ° — interior, personal, inwardly (opp. babiddba babira etc. outward, outwardly); Cp. ajjhattika & see Dhs. trsl. 272. — D 1.37 (subjective, inward, of the peace of the 2"<i jhana), 70 ^ A 11.210; v. 206 (inward happiness, a. sukkhag = niyakajjhattai] altano santaoc ti attho DA 1. 183 cp. DhsA '691 338, 361); S 1.70, 169; 1127 (kathaq kathi hoti is in inward doubt), 40 (sukhar) dukkhaq); 111.180 (id.); IV. I sg. (ayatanani), 139, 196; v.74 (tbitaQ cittai) ajjhat- tar) susanthitaq suvimuttaq a mind firm, inwardly well planted, quite set free), no, 143, 263, 297, 390; A 1.40 (rupas.iii5i), 272 (kamacchanda etc.); 11.158. (sukhaduk- khai)), 211; 111.86 (cetosamatha), 92 (vupasantacitta); IV.32 (sankhiltai)), 57 (itthindriyar)), 299 (cittaq), 305 (riipa- safiui), 360 (cetosamatha), 437 (vupasantacitta); v 79 sq., 335 ^'1- C^ati); It 39 (cetosamatha inivard peace), 80, 82, 94; J 1045 (chatajjhaita with hungry insides); v.338 (id.); Ps 1.76 (cakkhu etc.); Dhs 161 (^ attano jataq DhsA 169), 204, 1044; Pug 59; Vbh I sq. (khandha), 228 (sati), 327 (paiifia), 342 (arllpasarim). — adv. °r) inwardly, personally (in contrast-pair ajjbattai] va bahiddha va ; see also cpd. "bahiddha) A 1.284; 11.171; iv.305 ; v.6i ; Sn 917 (= upajjhayassa va acariyassa va te guna assu ti Ndi^ 350).

-arammana a subjective object of thought Dhs 1047. -cintin thought occupied with internal things Sn 174, 388. -babiddba inside & outside, personal-external, mutual, interacting S 11.252 sq.; II1.47 ; IV. 382; Nd' 15; Dhs 1049 etc. (see also bahiddha). -rata with inward joy D 11.107 = S V.263 = Dh 362 = Ud 64 (-f samahita); Th I, 981 ; A IV.312; DhA IV. 90 (= gocar' ajjhatta-sankhataya kam- matthana-bhavanaya rata), -rupa one's own or inner form Vin 111.113 (opp. bahiddha-rQpa & ajjh''-bah° r.). -saii- nojana an inner fetter, iuward bond A 1.63 sq.; Pug 22; Vbh 361. -santi inner peace Sn 837 (= ajjhattanaq raga- dinai) santibhava SnA 545; cp. Nd' 185). -samuttbana originating from within J 1.207 ("f hiri; opp. bahiddha").

Ajjhattika

II

Ajjhupekkhati

Ajjhattika (adj.) [ajjhatta + ika], personal, inward (cp. Dhs Irs!. 207 & Nd' 346: ajjhattikai] vuccali cittai)); opp. bahira outward (q. v.). See also ayatana. — M i.6^; S 1.73 Ca rakkha na bahira); IV.7 sq. (ayatanani); V.IOI (anga); A 1.16 (anga); 11.164 (dhatuyo); 111.400 (ayata- nani); V.52 (id.); It 114 (id.), 9 (anga); Kli iv. (= KhA 82); J IV. 402 (bahira-vatthui) ayacitva ajjhattikassa oamai] ganbati); Dhs 673, 751; Vbh 13, 67, 82 sq., 1 19, 131, 392 sq.

Ajjhapara S v. 218: substitute v. I. accasara (q. v.).

Ajjhappatta (& Ajjhapatta) [adhi + a + *prapta] 1.

having reached, approached, coming near to J 11.450; VI. 566 (p; C. attano santikarg patta). — 2. having fallen upon, attacked J 11.59; V.198 (p; C. sampatta) — 3. attained, found, got Sn 1134 (= adhigacchi Nd^); J 111.296 (p. C. sampatta); v. 158 (ajjhapatta; C. sampatta).

Ajjhabhavl 3"' sg. nor. of adhibhavati to conquer, over- power, overcome S 1.240 (prohib. ma vo kodho ajjha- bhavi); J 11.336. Cp. ajjhabhu & ajjhobhavati.

Ajjhabhasi y^ sg. aor. of adhibhaseti to address S iv.117 (gathahi); Kh v. = Sn p. 46 (gathaya); PvA 56, 90.

Ajjhabhu (3'"* sg. aor. of adhibhavati (q. v.) to overcome, conquer It 76 (dujjayaij a. he conquered him who is hard to conquer; v. 1. ajjhabhi for ajjhabhavi). Cp. ajjhabhavi.

Ajjhayana (m.) [adhi -f \] study (learning by heart) of the Vedas Miln 225. See also ajjhena.

Ajjhavodahl 3'''' sg. aor. of ajjhodahati [Sk. adhyavadhati] to put down J v. 365 (= odahi, thapesi C). Kern, Toev. s. V. proposes reading ajjhavadahi (= Sk. avadhat).

Ajjhagare (adv.) [adhi -f- agare, loc. of agara] at home, in one's own house A I.l32^1t 109; A 11.70.

Ajjhacarati [adhi (or ati?) -|- a -f- car] I. to conduct one- self according to Vin 11.301; M 1.523; Miln 266. — 2. to flirt with (perhaps to embrace) J IV.231 (aniiam-aiiiiai)). pp. ajjbacinna. See also accSvadati & aticar.iti.

Ajjhacara [to adhi (ati?) + a -t- car] l. minor conduct (conduct of a bhikkhu as to those minor rules not in- cluded in the ParSjika's or Saijghadisesa's) Vin 1.63 (see note in Vm. Texls^ 1.184. — z- flirtation Vin 111.128 (in the Old Cy as expl" of avabhasati). — 3. sexual inter- course J 1.396; v.327 (°cara v. 1. for ajjhavara); Miln 127 (an°).

AjjhSclO^a [pp. of ajjhacarati] habitually done Vin 11.80 sq., 301.

AjjhajlVa [adhi (ati ?) -f- a -f jlv] too rigorous or strenuous a livelihood M 11.245 (+ adhipatimokkha).

Ajjhapajjati [adhi + a -f pad] to commit an offence, to incur, to become guilty of (ace.) Vin IV. 237. pp. ajjha- panna (q. v.).

Ajjhapatti (f.) [abstr. to ajjhapajjati] incurring guilt Dhs 299 (an°).

Ajjhapana' (nt.) [fr. Caus. 11. of ajjheti] teaching of the sacred writ, instruction Miln 225.

Ajjhapana'^ (nt.) [a + jhapana fr. k§a] burning, conflag- ration J VI.311.

Ajjhapanna [pp. of adhi -f- apajjati] become guilty of offence D 1.245; '"-43; S 11.270; A IV. 277, 280; V.178, 181. an° guiltless, innocent Vin 1. 1 03; D 111.46; S 11. 194, 269; A V.181; Miln 401. For all passages except A iv.277, 280, cp. ajjhopanoa.

AjjhapHita [adhi -F a -f pilita] harassed, overpowered, tor- mented PvA 180 (khuppipasaya by hunger & thirst).

Ajjhabhava [cp. Sk. adhyabhava] eccessive power, predo- minance J 11.357.

Ajjhabhavati [adhi + a -f bhu, in meaning of abhi -f bhu] to predominate J 11.357.

Ajjhayaka [cp. Sk. adhyayaka, cp. ajjhayana] (a brahmin) engaged in learning the Veda (mantajjhayaka J vi.209; SnA 192), a scholar of the brahmanic texts, a studious, learned person D 1.88, 120; III. 94; A 1.163; ■"•223; Sn 140 ("'kula: thus for ajjhayakula Fsb.); Th I, 1171 ; J 1.3; VI.201, 498; DA 1.247.

Ajjhaniha (& °riiha) (adj.) [to adhi + a -f ruh] growing up over, overwhelming A 111.63 sq. =: S v.96; J III. 399.

Ajjharu|ha (adj.) [pp. of adhi 4- a -f ruh] grown up or high over J 111.399.

Ajjharuhat! [adhi -f arohati cp. atyarohati] to rise into the air, to climb over, spread over S 1.221 ^ Nett 173 (=: ajjhottharati SA; cp. Mrs. Rh. D. Kindred Sayings 1.285).

Ajjhavadati see accavadati.

Ajjhavara [fr. adhi -|- a -[- var] surrounding; waiting on, service, retinue J v.322, 324, 326, 327 (expld at all pas- sages by parisa). Should we read ajjhacara? Cp. ajjhacara.

Ajjhavasatar [n. ag. to ajjhavasati] one who inhabits D 1.63 (agarat]).

Ajjhavasati [adhi + a -f- vas] to inhabit (agarai) a house; i. e. to be settled or live the settled life of a householder) D 11.16; M 1.353; Vin IV.224; J 1.50; Pug 57; Miln 348. — pp. ajjhavuttha (q. v.).

AjjhaVUttha [cp. Sk. adhyusita; pp. of ajjhavasati] inhabited, occupied (of a house) Vin 11.210; J 1.145; "-333; PvA 24 (°ghara); fig. occupied by SnA 566 (= anosita).

Ajjhasaya [fr. adhi -f a

on, BSk. however adhy wish, disposition, bent tising); J 1.88, 90; PvA 88, 116, 133 (adj. Sdhp 219, 518. Kreq. in to his wish, as he wan

Ajjhasayata (f.) [abstr. 127 (ular" great desire

-f sri, orig. hanging on, leaning

asaya Divy 586] intention, desire,

D 11.224 (adj.: intent on, prac-

11.352; V.382; DhsA 314, 334;

dan° intent on giving alms), 168; phrase ajjhasayanurupa according ted PvA 61, 106, 12S.

to ajjhasaya] desire, longing PvA for c. loc).

Ajjhaslta [pp. of adhi -f a -I- srf] intent on, bent on Miln 361 (jhan°). Cp. ajjhosita & nissita.

Ajjhittha [pp. of ajjhesati] requested, asked, invited Vin 1.I13 (an° unbidden); D 11.289 (Buddhaghosa and text read ajjhitta); Sn p. 218 (= ajjhesita Nd^ 16); J vi.292 (=anatta C); DhA IV.IOO (v. I. abhijjhiltha). See also an".

Ajjhupagacchati [adhi -f upa -f gam] to come to, to reach, obtain ; to consent to, agree, submit Th 2, 474 (= sam- paticchati ThA 285); J 11.403 ; Miln 300; pp. ajjhupa- gata (q. v.).

Ajjhupagata [pp. of ajjhupagacchati] come to, obtained, reached A v.87, cp. 210; y.187 sq.

Ajjhupagamana (nt.) [adhi -f upa -f gam] consent, agree- ment, justification Vin 11.97, 104.

Ajjhupaharati [adhi -|- upa + hf; cp. upaharati] to take (food) to oneself J 11.293 (a"""- ajjhupahari = ajjhohari C).

Ajjhupekkhati [adhi -\- upa + ik$; cp. BSk. adhyupek- sati] 1. to look on A 1.257; M'ln 275. — 2. to look

Ajjhupekkhati

12

Ajjhoharana

on intently or with care, to oversee, to take care of A IV.45 (katth'aggi, has to be looked after); PvA 149 (sisaq colag va). — 3. to look on indifferently to be indifferent. to neglect Vin 11.78 = 111.162, cp. J 1.147; M 1.155; 11.223; A 111.194, 435; J V.229; DhA IV.125.

Ajjhupekkhana (nt.) & °a (f.) [abstr. from ajjhupekkhati] care, diligence, attention Ps 1. 16; n.119; Vbh 230 sq.; DhA IV. 3.

Ajjhupekkhltar [n. ag. to ajjhupekkhati] one who looks on (carefully), one who takes care or controls, an over- seer, caretaker S v. 69 (sadhukai)), 324 (id.), 331 sq. ; Vbh 227.

Ajjhupetl [cp. Sk. abhyupeti ; adhi -j- upa + I] to go to meet, to receive J IV.440.

Ajjhetj [Sk. gdhyayati, Denom. fr. adhyaya] to be anxious about, to fret, worry Sn 948 (socati+); expld at Nd' 433 i>y nijjhayati, at SnA 568 by abhijjhati (gloss BB gijjhati).

Ajjhena (nt.) [Sk. adhyayana, see also ajjhayana] study (esp. of the Vedas) M Ill.i; J H.327 (as v. 1. to be pre- ferred to ajjhesana); 111.114 (=japa); v.io (pi. = vede); VI.201 =207; Vbh 353; SnA 314 (mant').

-kujja (°kuta v. 1.?) a hypocrite, a pharisee Sn 242; cp. SnA 286.

Ajjhesatl (adhi -4- i§; cp. BSk. adhyesate Divy 160] to request, ask, bid DhA IV. 18; aor. ajjhesi Vin 11.200; pp. ajjhittha & ajjbesita (q. v.), with which cp. pariyittha & °esita.

Ajjhesana (f-) [see ajjhesatl] request, entreaty Vin 1.6 =r' D 11.38 = 3 I.I 38; J 11.327 (better v. 1. ajjhena).

Ajjhesita [pp. of ajjhesatl; cp. ajjhittha] requested, asked, bidden Nd- 16 (= ajjhittha).

Ajjhokasa [adhi -j- okasa] the open air, only in loc. ajjho- kase in the open Vin 1.15; S 1.212; DhA iv.ioo.

Ajjhoga|ha [pp. of ajjhogahati] plunged into, immersed; having entered M 1.457 ; S I.20I ; Miln 348.

Ajjhogahati (& "gaheti) [Sk. *abhyavagahate; adhi (= abhi) -)- ava -|- gah] to plunge into, to enter, to go into D I.IOI (vanaq), 222 (samuddar)); M I.359, 536; Airi.75, 368; IV.356; V.133; Vin III. 18; J 1.7; Nd' 152 (oga- hati-f-); Miln 87 (samuddar)); 300 (vanaq). — pp. ajjho- galha (q. v.). Cp. pariyogahati.

Ajjhothapeti [adhi -)- ava -|- thapeti, Caus. of sthS] to bring to PvA 148 (gamaq), where we should read "tthapeti.

Ajjhotthata [pp. of ajjhottharati] spread over; covered, filled; overcome, crushed, overpowered J 1.363 (ajjhottata^, 410; V.91 (= adhipanna); DhA 1.278; PvA 55; Davs v.5.

Ajjhottharati [adhi + ava -f- str] to cover over, spread out, spread over, cover; to submerge, flood Vin l.lli; J 1,61, 72, 73; Miln 296, 336; Dh 1.264; 1*355. °ttha- riyati to be overrun with (instr.), tp be smothered, to be flooded A 111.92 ^= Pug 67 ; aor. ajjhotthari VvA 48 (gamapadeso : was flooded), pp. ajjhotthata (q. v.).

Ajjhopanna (?) only found in one stock phrase, viz. gathita (q. v.) muccbita ajjhopanna with ref. to selfishness, greed, bonds of craving. The reading ajjhopanna is the lectio difficilior, but the accredited reading ajjhosana seems to be clearer and to harmonize better with the cognate ajjhosita & ajjhosana (n.) in the same context. The con- fusion between the two is old-standing and hard to be accounted for. Trenckner under v. I. to M 1. 162 on p. 543 gives ajjhopanna as BB (= adhi-opanna). The MSS. of Nd' clearly show ajjhopanna as inferior reading, which may well be attributable to the very frequent SS sub-

stitution of p for s (see Nd^ Introd. XIX.). Besides this mixture of vv. 11. with s and p there is another confusion between the vv. II. ajjbapanna and ajjhopanna which adds to the complication of the case. However since the evidence of a better reading between these two prepond- erates for ajjhopanna we may consider the o as established, and, with a little more clearness to be desired, may in the end decide for ajjhosana (q. v.), which in this case would have been liable to change through analogy with ajjhapanoa, from which it took the a and p. Cp. also ajjhosita. The foil, is a synopsis of readings as preferred or confused by the Ed. of the var. texts. — I. ajjho- panna as T. reading: M 1.162, 173, 369; A 1. 74; 11.28; 111.68, 242; Md 75, 76; DA 1.59; as v. 1.: D 1.245. — 2. ajjhosana as v. 1. : A 1.74 (C. expls- ajjhosaya gilitva thita); Nd^ under nissita & passim; Ud 75, 76 (ajjho- sanna); DA 1.59 (id.). — 3. ajjbapanna as T. reading: D 1.245; "l.43i 46; S. 11.194, 270: IV.332 (ajjbapanna); A V.178, 181; N'd2 under nissita; Miln 401; as V. 1.: M 1.162; A 111.242; Ud 75, 76.

Ajjhobhavatl [adhi -|- ava -f bhu, Sk. abhi°] to overcome, overpower, destroy J 11.80 (aor. ajjhobhavi := adhibhavi C).

Ajjhomaddatl [adhi -\- ava -f mfd] to crush down A iv.191, 193-

AjjhOmUCChita [pp. adhi + ara -f murch, cp. adhimuccita] stiffened out (in a swoon), lying in a faint (?) A III. 57 sq. (v. 1. ajjhomuncita or °muccita better: sarire attached to her body, clinging to her b.).

Ajjholambatl [adhi -f ava + lamb] lo hang or hold on to (ace), to cling to S 111137; M 111.164 = Nett 179, cp. Sdhp 284 & 296.

Ajjhosa = ajjhosaya, in verse only as ajjhosa titthati to cleave or cling to S iv.73; Th 1, 98, 794.

Ajjhosatl [adhi -f- ava -f- sayati, s8, to bind, pp. sita : see ajjhosita] to be bound to, to be attached, bent on; to desire, cleave to, indulge in. Fut. ajjbosissati (does it belong here?) M 1.328 (c. ace. pathavir), better as ajjhe- satl). grd. ajjhositabha M 1.109 (+ abhinanditabba, v. 1. "etabba); DhsA 5 (id.); ger. ajjhosaya (q. v.) pp. ajjho- sita (q. v.).

Ajjhosana (nt.) cleaving to (earthly joys), attachment, D 11.58 sq.; 111.289; M 1.498 (+ abhinandana); S 111.187; A 1.66; II. 1 1 (ditthi°, ksma° -j- tanha). In comb"- with (iccha) and muccha at Nd* under chanda & nissita and tanha (see also ajjhopanna), and at Dlis 1059 of labhx, (the expl"- at DhsA 363, 370, from as to eat, is popular etym.) Nett 23 sq. (of tanha).

Ajjhosaya [ger. of ajjhosati, cp. BSk. adhyavasaya tisthati Uivy 37, 534] being lied to, hanging on, attached to, only in phrase a. titthati (-j- abhinandati, same in Divy) M 1.266; S. iv.36 sq.; 60, 71 sq.; Miln 6g. See also ajjhosa.

Ajjhosita [cp. Sk. adhyavasita, from adhi -|- ava -f sfi; but sita is liable to confusion with sita =3 Sk. srita, also through likeness of meaning with esita; see ajjhasita & ajjhesita] hanging on, cleaving to, being bent on, (c. loc.) S 11.94 (-)- mamSyita); A 11.25 (dittha suta mufa +); Nd* 75, 106, 163 = Nd- under nissita: Th 2, 470 (asare =: tan- havasena abhinivittha ThA 284); Pv iv.8*(mayhai) ghare ^ tanhabhinivisena abhinivittha PvA 267 ; v. 1. BB ajjhesita, SS ajjhasita). -an° S iv.213; v.319; Nd' 411; Miln 74 (pabbajita).

Ajjhohata [pp- of ajjhoharati] having swallowed Sdhp 610 (balisaq maccho viya: like a fish the fishhook).

Ajjhoharana (nt.) = ajjhohara I. A v.324; J vi.213.

Ajjhoharaniya

13

AfSfla

Ajjhoharaniya (adj.) [grd. of ajjhoharati] something fit to eat, eatable, for eating J vi.258; DhA 1.284.

Ajjhoharati [Sk. abhyavaharati ; adhi (= abhi) -f- ava + hfj to swallow, eat, take as food M 1.245; J 1460; ".293; vi.205,213; Miln366; PvA 283 (aor.)-pp. ajjboba^a (q.v.).

Ajjhohara [Sk. abhyavahSra] 1. taking food, swallowing, eating & drinking Vin IV.233; Miln 176, 366. — 2. N. of a fabulous fish (swallower"; cp. timingala) J v.462.

Ancati J 1.417, read anchati (see next).

Aiichat] [in meaning ^ akaddhati, which latter is also the Sk. gloss (akarsayati) to the Jain Prk. arjchavei =: anchati : see Morris, J. P. T. S. 1893, 60] to pull, drag, pull along, to turn on a lathe D 11. 291 (bhamakaro dighai] a., where K has note: anjanlo ti pi acchanto ti pi patho) ^ M 1.56 (vv. 11. p. 532 acch° & ajij"); Th I, 750 (ancami T., v.l. annami). Anchati should also be read at J I 417 for uda- kai) a&canti (in expl"- of udancani pulling the water up from a well, q. v.), where it corresponds to udakai] akkaddbati in the same sentence.

Anja (adv.) [orig. imper. of anjati' ; cp. Sk. anjasS (instr.) quickly, Goth, anaks suddenly, lit. with a pull or jerk] pull on! go on! gee up! J 1.192.

Aiijatl' [= Sk. rnjali, rjyati to stretch, pull along, draw out, erect ; cp. Sk. rju straight, cans, irajyati ; Gr. ipiyu ; Lat. rego, rectus ^ erect. See also P. uju, anchati, ajjita, Snaiija-anejja]. See anja, anjaya, anjali, anjasa.

Anjati'^ & Aiijeti [= Sk. anjayati, Cans, of anakti to smear etc.; cp. Sk. anji ointment, ajya butter; Lat. unguo to anoint, unguentum ointment; Ohg. ancho = Ger. Anke butter] to smear, anoint, paint S 11. 281; J iv.2i9 (akkhini anjetva, v.l. BB ancitva). Caus. 11. anjapetl DhA 1.21. — pp. aSjita (q. v.).

Aiijana (nt.) [from anjati'^] ointment , esp. a collyrium for the eyes, made of antimony, adj. anointed, smeary; glossy, black (cp. kanha 11. and kala' note). — I. Vin 1.203 (''"S kinds viz. kal", ras°, sot°, geruka, kapalla); D 1.7, 12; DA 1.98 (khgr°); 284; DhA 111.354 (akkhi° eye-salve). — 2. glossy, jet-black J 1. 194; 11.369; v.416. The reading anjana at A iv.468 is wrong, it should be corrected into thanamajjanamattag. See also pacc°. In meaning collyrium box at Th 2, 413 (= afijana-nali ThA 267); DhA 11.25.

-akkbiba with anointed eyes Th I, 960. -upapisana perfume to mix with ointment Vin 1.203; Il-li2. -cunna aromatic powder DhsA 13. -nali an ointment tube, col- lyrium box ThA 267. -rukkba N. of a tree ("black" tree) J 1.33 1. -vanna of the colour of collyrium, i.e. shiny, glossy, dark, black D n.i8 (lomani); J 1.138 (kesa), 194; 11.369; PvA 258 (vana).

Anjani (f.) [fr. afijana] a box for ointment, a collyrium pot Vin 1.203, 204; II. 135; IV. 168} M 11.65 = Th 'i 773-

Anjanisalaka (f.) a stick to put the ointment on with Vin 1.203; "135; J I1I-419-

Anjaya (adj.) [from anjati'] straight J 111.12 (vv. 11. ajjava & and ajjava better?) expH by C. as ujuka, akutila. See also ajjava. Should we assume misreading for anjasa !>

Anjali [cp. Sk. aiijali, fr. anjali i] extending, stretching forth, gesture of lifting up the hands as a token of reverence (cp. E. to "tender" one's respect), putting the ten fingers together and raising them to the head (VvA 7 : dasa- nakha-samodhana-samujjalar) arijaliq paggayha). Only in stock phrases (a.) anjalir) panameti to bend forth the outstretched hands Vin 11. 188; D 1.118; Sn352; Sn p. 79. (b.) °t) pagganhati to perform the a. salutation J 1.54; DhA IV.212; VvA 7, 312 (sirasmir) on one's head); PvA 93. (c.) °ij karoti id. PvA 178; cp. katanjali (adj.)

with raised hands Sn 1023; J I.I 7; PvA 50, and anja- likata id. Pv 11.1220. Cp. panjali

-kamma respectful salutation, as above A 1.123; 11.180; IV.130; Vv 788, 83"; DhA 1.32. -karaniya (adj.) that is worthy of being thus honoured D lli-S; A 11.34; 111.36; IV.13 sq.; It 88.

Atijalika (f ) [^ anjali] the raising of the hands as a sign of respectful salutation Vv l» (expH at VvA 24 as dasa- nakha-samodhSna samujjalai) anjalii} sirasi pagganhantl guna-visitthanai) apacayanai) akSsii)).

Anjasa [Sk. anjasa (?). Cp. arjava =^ P. ajjava, see anjati' & anjaya] straight, straightforward (of a road) D I.235 ; J 1.5; Th 2, 99; Vv 5oa> (cp. VvA 215); VvA 84 (= akutila); Mhvs 25, 5; Miln 217; Sdhp 328, 595. Cp. panjasa.

ASjlta [Sk. ankta & anjayita, pp. of anjeti] smeared, anointed J 1.77 (su-anjitani akkhini); iv.421 (anjit'akkha).

Aiina (pron.) [Vedic anya, with compar. suff. ya; Goth. an|)ar; Ohg. andar; formation with n analagous to those with 1 in Gr. itAAo? (aAJo^), Lat. alius (cp. alter), Goth, aljis Ags. elles = E. else. From demonstr. base *eno, see na' and cp. a'] another etc. — A. By itself: I. other, not the same, different, another, somebody else (opp. oneself) Vin ill. 144 (annena, scil. maggena, gaccbati to take a different route); Sn 459, 789, 904; Dh 158 (opp. altanaq), 165; J 1.151 (opp. attano); 11.333 (anfiar) vya- karoti give a diff. answer). — 2. another one, a second; nt. else, further Sn 1052 (= uttarii] nt. Nd* 17); else J 1.294. aniiai) kinci (indef) anything else J 1.151. yo an5o every other, whoever else J 1.256. — 3. anne (pi.) (the) others, the rest Sn 189, 663, 911; Dh 43, 252, 355 j J I 254. — B. del. in correlation : i . copulative, anna . . anna the one .. the other (. . the third etc.); this, that & the other; some .. some Vin 1.15; Miln 40; etc. — 2. reciprocative anno annar), annamanSar), aniionnai) one another, each other, mutually, reciprocally (in ordinary construction & declension of a noun or adj. in sg. ; cp. Gr. aAA^Awv, aAAi)Aoi/« in //.). (a.) anno anSai] Dh 165. (b.) annamanna (cp. BSk. auyamanya M Vastu 11.436), as pron. : n'alai) anuamannassa sukb3ya va dukkhaya vl D 1.56 := S 111.211. n'afinamannassa dukkhaij iccheyya do not wish evil to each other Sn 148. dandehi anuamaSnai) upakkamanti (approach each other) M 1.86 = Nd* 199. °i) agaravo viharati A 111.247. dve jana °q ghatayiqsu (slew each other) J 1.254. aiinamanBaq hasanti J V.Hi; "q musale banlva J v.267. °q dandabhigatena PvA 58; or adj. : aiinamaniiaq veraq bandhiqsu (established mutual enmity) J 11.353; °0 piyasaqvasaq vasiqsu J II. 153; anna- mannaq accayaq desetvS (their mutual mistake) DhA I.57; or adv. dve pi aiinamanBaq patibaddha citta ahesuq (in love with each other) J III. 1 88; or °^: annamanna-pac- caya mutually dependent, interrelated Ps U 49, 58. — (c.) annonna ("— ) J v.251 ("nissila); Davs v.45 ("bhinna). — 3. disjunctive aiina . . anna one . . the other, this one . . . that one, different, different from aniiaq jivaq . . aiiBaq sariraq one is the soul . . the other is the body, i. e. the soul is different from the body D 1.157; M 1.430; A V.193; anfia va saiiiia bhavissati aQiio atla D 1.187. Thus also in phrase annena aiinai) opposite, the con- trary, differently, contradictory (lit. other from that which is other) Vin 11.85 (paticarati make counter-charges); D '■57 (vyakasi gave the opposite or contradictory reply); Miln 171 (aiiiiaq kayiramanaq aniiena sambharati). — ananna (i) not another, i.e. the same, self-same, identical M 1.256 (= ayaq). — (2) not another, i. e. alone, by oneself, oneself only Sn 65 ("posin; opp. paraq) = Nd 4, cp. Nd* 36. — (3) not another, i. e. no more, only, alone Sn p. 106 (dve va gatiyo bhavanti anaSiiS: and no other or no more, only two). See also under cpds.

-adisa different J vi.212, °ta difference PvA 243. -kbantlka acquiescing in diff. views, following another

Anna

U

AtanI

faith (see khanlika) D 1.187; M 1487. -titthiya an ad- herent of another sect, a non-Buddhist.; D 111.115; M 1.494, 512; P "-2', 32 sq., 119; 111.116 sq.; iv.51, 228; V.6, 27 sq.; A 1.65, 240; 11.176; iv.35 sq.; Vin 1.60; J 1.93; 11.415- -ditthika having diff. views (combd- with aiina-khantika) D 1.187; M 1.487. -neyya (an'^) not to be guided by somebody else, i. e. independent in one's views, having attained the right knowledge by oneself (opp. para°) Sn 55, 213, 364. -mano (an") (adj.) not setting one's heart upon others Vv li* (see VvA 58). -vada holding other views, an° (adj.) Dpvs iv.24. -va- daka one who gives a diff. account of things, one who distorts a matter, a prevaricator Vin lv.36. -vihita being occupied with something else, distracted, absent-minded Vin IV.269; DhA 111.352, 381; "ta distraction, absent- mindedness DhA 1.181. -sarana (an°) not betaking one- self to others for refuge, i. e. of independent, sure know- ledge S 111.42 =: V.154. -sita dependent or relying on others Sn 825.

Annatama (pron. adj.) [afiiia -f- superl. suff. tama; see also aiifiatara] one out of many, the one or the other of, a certain, any Mhvs 38, 14.

Aiifiatara (pron. adj.) [Sk. anyatara, anna -f- compar. suff. tara, cp. Lat. alter, Goth, anjiar etc.] one of a certain number, a certain, somebody, some; often used (like eka) as indef. article "a". Very frequent, e.g. Sn 35, 210; It 103; Dh 137, 157; J 1.221, 253; 11.132 etc. devannatara a certain god, i. e. any kind of god S IV.180 =: A iv.46l.

Anfiattha (adv.) [from aiina = aSnatra, adv. of place, cp. kattha, ettha] somewhere or anywhere else, elsewhere (either place where or whereto) J 1.291; 11.154; DhsA 163; DhA 1.212; 111.351; PvA 45; Mhvs 4, 37; 22, 14.'

Annatra (adv.) [anya -\- tra, see also aniiattha] elsewhere, somewhere else J v.252; Pv iv.iOJ. In comp"- also = aiiiia°, e. g. aSnatra-yoga (adj.) following another discipline D 1. 187; M 1.487. — As prep. c. abl. (and instr.) but, besides, except, e.g. a. imina tapo-pakkamena D 1.168; kii) karaniyar) a. dhammacariyaya S i.ioi; ko nu aiiiiatra- m-ariyehi who else but the Nobles Sn 886 (= thapetva saniia-raattena SnA 555). -kit) annatra what but, i. e. what else is the cause but, or: this is due to; but for D 1.90 (vusitava-mani k. a. avusitatta); S 1.29 (k. k. a. adassana except from blindness); Sn 206 (id.).

Anfiathatta (nt.) [aiiiiatha -f- tta] I. change, alteration S 111.37; IV.40; A 1.153; 111.66; Kvu 227 (= jara C, cp. JCvu trsl. 55 n. 2); Miln 209. — 2. difference J 1.147; It II. — 3. erroneous supposition, mistake Via' 11.2; S III.91 ; IV.329. — 4. fickleness, change of mind, doubt, wavering, M 1.448, 457 (-f don\anassa); J 1.33 (cittaq); PvA 195 (cittassa).

Afiiiatha (adv.) [aiiiia -|- tha] in a different manner, other- wise, differently S 1.24; Sn 588, 757; DhsA 163; Pv.\ 125, 133. anannatha without mistake Vv 44 '8; anan- natha (nt.) certainty, truth Ps 11.104 (= tatha).

-bhava (i) a different existence A 11.10; It 9 = 94; Sq 729i 74°) 752; (2) a slate of difference; i.e. change, alteration, unstableness D 1.36; S 11.274; '"-S, 16, 42; Vbh 379. -bhavia based on difference S 111.225 sq.; rv.23 sq., 66 sq.; an° free from difference Vin 1.36.

Aiinadatthu (adv.) [lit. aiinad atlhu let there be anything else, i.e. be it what it will, there is nothing else, all, everything, surely] part, of affirmation = surely, all-round, absolutely (ekaqsa-vacane nipato DA l.iil) only, at any rate D 1.91 ; 11.284; Sn 828 (na h^ annadatth' atthi pa- saqsa-labha, expld- SnA 541 as na hi ettha pasaijsa-labhato afirio attho atthi, cp. also Nd' l68); Miln 133; VvA 58; PvA 97, 114.

-dasa sure-seeing, seeing everything, all pervading D 1. 18; HI.135, 185; A 11.24; 111.202; IV.89, 105; It 15.

Anfiada (adv.) [anna -(- da, cp. kada, tada, yada] at another lime, else, once S IV. 285 ; J v.12; Dh.\ IV.125.

Anna (f) [Sk. ajiia, ^ 5 + jfia, cp. ajanati] knowledge, recognition, perfect knowledge, philosophic insight, know- ledge par excellence, viz. Arahantship, saving knowledge, gnosis (cp. on term Cotiipend. 176 n. 3 and Psalms of Brethren introd. xxxiii.) M 1.445 j S 1.4 (sammad°), 24 (annaya nibbuta); 11.221; v. 69, 129 (ditth'eva dhamme), I33i 237; A 111.82, 143, 192; V.108; It 39 sq., 53, 104; Dh 75, 96; Kh vii.ii; Miln 334. — annai) vyakaroti to manifest ones Arahantship (by a discourse or by mere exclamation) Vin 1.183; S 11.51 sq., 120; IV.139; v.222 ; J 1.140; 11.333. See also arahatta.

-atthika desirous of higher knowledge Pv iv.i'*. -ara- dbana the attainment of full insight M 1.479. -indriya the faculty of perfect knowledge or of knowledge made perfect D 111.219; S v.204; I' 53; P"g 2; Dhs 362, 505i 552; Nett 15, 54, 60. -citta the thought of gnosis, the intention of gaining Arahantship S 11.267; A 111.437. -pativedha comprehension of insight Vin 11.238. -vimok- kha deliverance by the highest insight Sn 1105, 1107 (Nd2 19: vuccati arahatta-viinokkho).

Annana (nt.) [a -j- nana] ignorance ; see nana 3 e.

Aiinanaka (nt.) [Demin. of aiinana] ignorance Vin IV.144.

Annanin(adj.) [a + nanin] ignorant, not knowing DhA III. 106.

Aniiata' [pp. of ajanati, q. v.] known, recognised Sn 699. an° what is not known, in phrase anaiinata-niiassamf t' indriya the faculty of him (who belives): "I shall know what is not known (yet)" D ni.219; S v.204; '' 53) Pug 2; Dhs 296 (cp. Dhs trsl. 86); Nett 15, 54, 60, 191. -manin one who prides himself in having perfect know- ledge, one who imagines to be in possession of right insight A 111.175 sq.; Th I, 953.

Aiinata^ [a -j- tiata] unknown, see iiata.

Aniiatatca' [a -j- iialaka, cp. Sk. ajfiati] he who is not a kinsman DhA 1.222.

Afinataka^ (a<5j) [Demin. of aniiata'] unknown, unrecog- nisable, only in phrase "yesena in unknown form, in disguise J 1.14; 111.116; v. 102.

Aniiatar [n. ag. to ajanati] one who knows, a knower of D 11.286; M 1. 169; S i.loS (dhammassa); Kvu 561.

Aniiatavin (adj. -n.) [from ajanati] one who has complete insight DhsA 291.

-indriya ("tav' indr.) the faculty of one whose know- ledge is made perfect Dhs 555 (cp. Dhs trsl. 150) and same loci as under antiindriya (see aiina).

Aiinatukaina (adj.) [a + jiiatui) -f kama] desirous of gaining right knowledge A in. 192. See ajanati.

Afinaya [ger. of ajanati, q. v. for detail] recognising, knowing, in the conviction of S 1.24; A 111.41; Dh 275, 411.

Annionna see aniia B 2 c.

Anhamana [Sk. asnana, ppr. med. of asnati, aS to eat] eating, taking food; enjoying: only SS at Sn 240; all MSS at 239 have asamana. SnA 284 expls- by aharayamana.

Atata [BSk. atata (e. g. Divy 67), prob. to at roam about. On this notion cp. description of roaming about in Niraya at Nd' 405 bottom] N. of a certain purgatory or Niraya A V.I 73 = Sn p. 126.

Atanaka (adj.) [cp. Sk. atana, to at] roaming about, wild J V.105 (°gavi).

Atani (f.) a support a stand inserted under the leg of a bedstead Vin IV.168; Sam. Pas. on Pac. 14 (quoted Min.

Atanl

IS

Attha

Pat. 86 and Vin iv.357); DhA 1.234; J >i-387, 425, 484 supports of a seat. Morris^ J. P. T. S. 1884, 6g compares Marathi adani a three-ltgged stand. See also Vin Texts 11.53.

Atala (adj.) [cp. Sk. atta & att.llaka stronghold] solid, firm, strong, only in phrase ataliyo upahana strong sandals M II. 155 (vv. 11. pataliye & agaliyo) = S 1.226 (vv. 11. ata- liyo & ataliko). At the latter passage Bdhgh. expl^. ganan- gan-iipahana, Mrs. Rh. D. {A'indrett Sayings 1.291) trsls. "buskined shoes".

Atavi (f.) [Sk. atavi: Non-Aryan, prob. Dravidian] I. forest, woods J 1.306; II. 117; III. 220; DhA 1. 13; PvA 277. — 2. inhabitant of the forest, man of the woods, wild tribe J VI. 55 (= atavicora C).

-rakkhika guardian of the forest J 11.335. -sankhepa at A 1.178 = 111.66 is prob. faulty reading for v. 1. "san- kopa "inroad of savage tribes".

A^a' [cp. see attaka] a platform to be used as a watch- tower Vin 1. 140; DA 1.209.

Atta^ [cp- Sk. artha, see also attha 5 b] lawsuit, case, cause Vin IV.224; J 11.2, 75; IV.129 (°q vinicchinati to judge a cause), 150 (°i) tfreti to see a suit through); vi.336.

Atta' [Sk. arta, pp. of ardati, fd to dissolve, afflict etc. ; cp. Sk. ardra (= P. adda and alia); Gr. Hfiu to moisten, 'ifix dirt. See also attiyati & attita] distressed, tormented, afflicted; molested, plagued, hurt -Sn 694 (-f- vyasanagata ; Sn.A 489 atura); Th 2, 439 (= attita ThA 270), 441 (=pi!ita ThA 271); J iv.293 (= atii'ra C); Vv So" (= attita upadduta VvA 3H). Often — °: inatta oppressed by debt M 1.463; Miln 32; chat^ tormented by hunger Vv.\ 76; vedan" afflicted by pain Vin 11.61 ; ill. 100; J 1.293; stlcik" (read for sucikattha) pained by stitch Pv 111.2'. -ssara cry of distress Vin 111.105; S 11.255; J '-265; 11. 1 17; Miln 357; PvA 285.

Attaka [Demin. of atta'] a platform to be used as a watch- house on piles, or in a tree Vin 1.173; ii-4i6; 111.322, 372; DA 1.209.

Attana at Vin II. 106 is obscure, should it not rather be read with Bdhgh as atthana? (cp. Bdhgh on p. 315).

Attala [from atta] a watch-tower, a room at the top of a house, or above a gate (kotthaka) Th I, 863; J III. 1 60; V.373; Miln I, 330; DhA 111.488.

Attalaka [Sk. attalaka] = atiala; J 11.94, 220, 224; VI. 390, 433; Miln 67,"8i.

Attita (& occasionally addita, e.g. Pv 11. 6-; Th 2, 77, 89; Th I, 406) [Sk. ardita, pp. of ardayati, Caus. of ardati, see atta'] pained, distressed, grieved, terrified Th I, 157; J 11.436; IV.85 (v. 1. addhita); v. 84; VvA 311; ThA 270; Mhvs I, 25; 6, 21 ; Dpvsi.66; 1123; XIII.9; Sdhp 205. — See remarks of Morris J. P. T. S. 1886, 104, & 1887. 47.

Attiyati & Attiyati [Denom. fr. atta', q. v.] to be in trouble or anxiety, to be worried, to be incommodated, usually combd. with harayati, e. g. D 1.213 (+ jigucchati); S 1. 131; M 1.423; Pv i.io2 (= atta dukkhitS PvA 48), freq. in ppr. attiyamana harayamana (-f jigucchamana) Vin 11.292; J 1.66, 292; It 43; Ndi 566; Ps 1. 159. — Spelling sometimes addiyami, e.g. Th I, 140. — pp. attita & addita.

Attiyana (nt.) [cp. Sk. ardana, to attiyati] fright, terror, amazement DhA 11. 179.

Attha' [Vedic astau, old dual, Idg. •octou, pointing to a system of counting by tetrads (see also nava); Av. aSta, Gr. ixTu, Lat. octo, Goth, ahtau =: Ohg. ahto, Ger. acht, E. eight] num. card., eight, decl. like pi. of adj. in-a. A. The number in objective significance, based on natural phenomena: see cpds. "angula, "nakha, °pada, °pada.

B. The number in subjective significance. — (l) As mark of respectability and honour, based on the idea of the double square: (a) in meaning "a couple" attha matakukkute attha jiva-k. gahetva (with 8 dead & 8 live cocks; eight instead of 2 because gift intended for a king) DhA 1.213. sanghassa a salakabhattai] dapesi VvA 75 = DhA III. 104. a. pinda- patani adadaij Vv 348. a. vattha-yugani (a double pair as offering) PvA 232, a thera PvA 32. — The highest res- pectability is expressed by 8X8 = 64, and in this sense is freq. applied to gifts., where the giver gives a higher potency of a pair (2'). Thus a "royal" gift goes under the name of sabb-atthakai) danar) (8 elephants, 8 horses, 8 slaves etc.) where each of 8 constituents is presented in 8 exemplars DhA 11.45, 4^, 71- In the same sense atth^ attha kahapana (as gift) Dh.A 11. 41; atth-atthaka dibbakanfia Vv 67' (= catusatthi VvA 290); atthatthaka Dpvs VI. 56. Quite conspicuous is the meaning of a "couple" in the phrase satt-attha 7 or 8 = a couple, e.g. sattattha divasa, a week or so J 1.86; J II.IOI ; VvA 264 (saqvacchaia years). — (b.) used as definite measure of quantity & distance, where it also implies the respect- ability of the gift, 8 being the lowest unit of items that may be given decently. Thus freq. as attha kahapana J 1.483; iv.138; VvA 76; Miln 291. — In distances: a. karisS DhA 11.80; iv.217; PvA 258; a. usabha J iv.142. — (c.) in comb"- with 100 and 1000 it assumes the meaning of "a great many", hundreds, thousands. Thus attha satar) 800, Sn 227. As denotation of wealt (cp. below under 18 and 80): a-°sata-sahassa-vibhava DhA IV.7. But attha- sata at S iv.232 means 108 (3 X 3^), probably also at J V.377. — attha sahassar) 8000 J v.39 (naga). The same meaning applies to 80 as well as to its use as unit in comb"- with any other decimal (18, 28, 38 etc.): (a) 80 (asTti) a great many. Here belong the 80 smaller signs of a Mahapurisa (see anuvyaiijana), besides the 32 main signs (see dvattirjsa) Vv.\ 213 etc. Freq. as measure of riches^ e.g. 80 waggon loads Pv II. 7'; asTti-kotivibhava DhA III. 129; PvA 196; aslti hatlh' ubbedho rasi (of gold) VvA 66, etc. See further references under asiti. — (|3) The foil, are examples of 8 with other decimals: 18 attha- dasa (only M 111.239: manopavicaia) & at^harasa (this the later form) VvA 213 (avenika-buddhadhamma : Bha- gavant's qualities); as measure J vi.432 (18 hands high, of a fence) ; of a great mass or multitue : attharasa kotiyo or °koti, 18 kotis J 1.92 ^of gold), 227; iv.378 ("dhana, riches); DhA 11.43 (of People); Miln 20 (id.); a. akkho- hini-sankhasena J VI 395. a. vatthu Vin 11.204. — 28 atthavTsati nakkhattani Nd' 382; patisallanaguna Miln 140. — 38 atthatiQSa Miln 359 (rajaparisa). — 48 attha- cattarisar) vassani Sn 289. — 68 atthasatthi Th i, 1217 °sita savitakka, where id. p. at S 1. 187 however reads alha satthi-tasita vitakka); J 1.64 (turiya-satasahassani) — 98 atthanavuti (cp. 98 the age of Eli, i Sam. iv.15) Sn 311 (roga, a higher set than the original 3 diseases, rp. navuti). — (2) As number of sitmnietry or of an intrinsic, harmonious, symmetrical set, attha denotes, like dasa (q. v.) a comprehensive unity. See esp. the cpds. for this application. "at)sa and ^angika. Closely related to nos. 2 and 4 attha is in the geometrical progression of 2. 4. 8. 16. 32. where each subsequent number shows a higher symmetry or involves a greater importance (cp. 8X8 under i a) — J v. 409 (a. mangalena samannSgata, of Indra's chariot: with the 8 lucky signs); VvA 193 (atthahi akkhanehi vajjitai) manussabhavag : the 8 unlucky signs). In progression: J IV.3 (attha petiyo, following after 4, then foil, by 8, 16, 32); PvA 75 (a. kapparukkhS at each point of the compass, 32 in all). Further: 8 expres- sions of bad language DhA IV. 3.

-agsa with eight edges, octagonal, octahedral, implying perfect or divine symmetry (see above B 2), of a diamond D 1.76 =: M III. 121 (mani veluriyo a.); Miln 282 (mani- ratanai) subhai) jatimantar) a.) of the pillars of a heavenly palace (Vimana) J vi.127 = 173 = Vv 78' (a. sukatfE thambha); Vv 84" (ayataqsa = ayata hutva attha-solasa- dvattiqsadi-aqsavanto VvA 339). Of a ball of siring Pv

Attha

i6

Addha

IV.3M (gulaparimandala , cp. PvA 254). Of geometrical figures in general Dhs 617. -anga (of) eight parts, eight- fold, consisting of eight ingredients or constituents (see also next and above B 2 on significance of attha in this connection), in comp". with °ufela characterised by the eight parts (i. e. the observance of the first eight of the commandments or vows, see sila & cp. anga 2), ot uposatha, the fast-day A 1.2 15; Sn 402 (Sn A 378 expls. ekam pi divasar) apariccajanto atthangupetai] uposathai] upavassa)^ cp. atthanguposathin (adj.) Mhvs 36, 84. In BSk. always in phrase astanga-samanvagata upavasa, e. g. Divy 398 ; Sp. Av. 6 1.338, 399; also vrata Av. §1.170. In the same sense atthangupeta patibariyapakkha (q. v.) Sn 402, where Vv 15' has °susamSgata (expH- at VvA 72 by panatipala veramanl-adihi atthah' angehi samannagata). ° samannagala endowed with the eight qualities (see anga 3), of rajs, a king D 1. 137 sq., of brahmassara, the supreme or most excellent voice (of the Buddha) D 11.211; J 1.95; VvA 217. Also in Buddh. Sk. astangopeta svara of the voice of the Buddha, e.g. Sp. Av. 6 1. 149. -angika having eight constituents, being made up of eight (intrinsic) parts, embracing eight items (see above B 2) ; of the uposatha (as in prec. atthang^ uposatha) Sn 401 ; of the "Eight- fold Noble Path" (ariyo a. maggo). (Also in BSk. as astangika marga, e. g. Lai. Vist. 540, cp. astangamarga- desika of the Buddha, Divy 124, 265); D 1. 1 56, 157, 165; M 1. 118; It 18; Sn 1130 (magga uttama); Dh 191. 273; Th 2, 158, 171; Kh IV.; Vin i.io; Nd^ 485; DA 1.313; DhA 111.402. -angula eight finger-breadths thick, eight inches thick, i. e. very thick, of double thickness J II. 9 1 (in contrast to caturangula) ; Mhvs 29, II (with sattangula). -addha (v. 1. addhattha) half of eight, i. e. four (°pada) J VI. 354, see also addha'. -nakba having eight nails or claws J VI.354 (: ekekasmiq pade dvinnai) . dvinnag khuranai] vasena C.). -nava eight or nine DhA III. 179. -pada I. a chequered board for gambling or playing drafts etc., lit. having eight squares, i. e. on each side (DA 1.85 : ekekaya pantiya attha attha padani assa ti), cp. dasapada D 1.6. — 2. eightfold, folded or plaited in eight, cross-plaited (of hair) Th I, 772 (atthapada-kata kesa); J 11.5 ("tthapana = cross-plaiting), -padaka a small square (|), i.e. a patch Vin 1.297 ; 11. 1 50. -pada an octopod, a kind of (fabulous) spider (or deer?) J v.377; VI. 538 ; cp. Sk. astapada = sarabha a fabulous eight-leg- ged animal, -mangala having eight auspicious signs J V.409 (expl<i' here to mean a horse with white hair on the face, tail, mane, and breast, and above each of the four hoofs). -Tanka with eight facets, lit. eight-crooked, i. e. polished on eight sides, of a jewel J vi.388. -vidba eightfold Dhs 219.

Attha^ see attha.

Atthaka (adj.) [Sk. astaka] — I. eightfold Vin 1.196 = Ud 59 (°^aggikani); VvA 75 = DhA 111.104 (^bhatta). — 2. °a (f.) the eight day of the lunar month (cp. atthami), in phrase rattisu antar^at^bakasu in the nights between the eighths, i. e. the %^^ day before and after the full moon Vin 1. 31, 288 (see Vin Texst 1.130"); M 1.79; A 1.136; Miln 396; J 1.390. — 3. °q (nt.) an octad Vv 672 (atth° eight octads = 64); VvA 289, 290. On sabbatthaka see attha B I a. See also antara.

Atthama (num. ord.) [Sk. astama, see attha'] the eighth Sn 107, 230 (cp. KhA 187), 437. — f. °i the eighth day of the lunar half month (cp. atthakS) A 1. 1 44; Sn 402; Vv 16' (in all three pass, as pakkhassa catuddasi pancadasi ca atthami); A 1.142; Sn 570 (ito atthami, scil. divase, loc).

Atthatnaka = atthama the eighth. — i. lit. Miln 291 (att° self-eighth). — 2. as tt. the eighth of eight persons who strive after the highest perfection, reckoned from the first or Arahant. Hence the eighth is he who stands on the lowest step of the Path and is called a sotapanna (q. v.)

Kvu 243 — 251 (cp. Kvti irsl. 146 sq.); Nett 19, 49, 50; Ps II. 193 (-)- sotapanna).

Afthana (nt.) [a 4- tt^^"^] stand, post; name of the rub- bing-post which, well cut & with incised rows of squares, was let into the ground of a bathing-place, serving as a rubber to people bathing Vin 11.105, '°^ (read atthane with BB; cp. Vin 11.315).

Atthi"' [= attha (attha) in comp"- with kaf & bhu, as freq. in Sk. and P. with i for a, like citti-kata (for citta°), angi-bhuta (for anga°); cp. the freq. comb"- (with similar meaning) manasi-kata (besides manasa-k.), also upadhi- karoti and others. This comb"- is restricted to the pp and der. ("kata & °katva). Other explns- by Morris J. P. T. S. 1886, 107; Windisch, M. & B. 100], in comb"- with katva: to make something one's attha, i. e. object, to find out the essence or profitableness or value of anything, to recognise the nature of, to realise, understand, know. Nearly always in stock phrase a^thikatva manasikatva D 11.204; M 1-325, 445; S 1. 112 sq. = 189, 220; v.76; A II. 116; 111.163; J 1.189; V.151 (: attano atthikabhavai] katva atthiko hutv3 sakkaccai] suneyya C.) ; Ud 80 (: adhi- kicca, ayai) no atlho adhigantabbo evaq sallakkhetva taya desanaya atthika hutva C); Sdhp 220 (°katvana).

AttW (nt.) [.Sk. asthi = At. asti, Gr. 'iinm, 'ixrrfiotot, ar- Tpa^aAo?; Lat. os (*oss); also Gr. '6^0( branch Goth, asts] — I. a bone A 1.50: iv. 129; Sn 194 (°naharu bones & tendons); Dh 149, 150; J 1.70; 111.26, 184; vi.448(°vedhin); DhA III. 109 (300 bones of the human body, as also at Susruta 111.5); KhA 49; PvA 68 (°camma-naharu), 215 (gosls"); Sdhp 46, 103. — 2. the stone of a fruit J 11.104. -kankala [Sk. °kankala] a skeleton M 1.364; cp. °san- khalika. -kadall a special kind of the plantain tree (Musa Sapientum) J v.406. -kalyana beauty of bones DhA I-387. -camma bones and skin J 11.339; DhA 111.43; ^''^ 68 -taca id. J n.295. -maya made of bone Vin 11. 11 5. -minja marrow A iv.129; DhA 1.181 ; 111.361 ; KhA 52. -yaka (T. atthiyaka) bones & liver S 1.206. -sankhalika [B. Sk. °sakala Sp. Av. § 1.274 sq., see also atthika"] a chain of bones, i.e. a skeleton DhA 111.479; PvA 152. -sanghata conjunction of bones, i.e. skeleton Vism 21; DhA 11.28; PvA 206. -aancaya a heap of bones It 17 = Bdhd 87. -sanna the idea of bones (cp. atthika°) Th i, 18. -san^ana a skeleton Sdhp loi.

Atthika' (nt.) [fr. atthi] I. = atthi I a bone M ni.92; J 1.265, 428; VI.404; PvA 41. — 2 = atthi 2 kernel, stone DhA 11.53 ('al°); Mhvs 15, 42.

-sankhalika a chain of bones, a skeleton A 111.324 see also under katatthika. -sanna the idea of a skeleton S V.129 sq.; A 11.17; Dhs 264.

Atthika' at PvA 180 (sucik°) to be read a^tita (q. v.) for attika.

Ahttlta' see thita.

Atthlta'^ [S -f- thita] undertaken, arrived at, looked after, considered J 11.247 (= adhitthita C).

Atthita^ see atthika.

Atthllla at Vin 11.266 is expld- by Bdhgh on p. 327 by gojanghattika, perhaps more likely = Sk. asthlla a round pebble or stone.

A()<]ha' (& addha) [etym. uncertain, Sk. ardha] one half, half; usually in comp"- (see below), like diyaddha i^ (°sata 150) PvA 155 (see as to meaning S/^i/f, /'^/u Valihu p. 107). Note, addha is never used by itself, for "half' in absolute position upaddha (q. v.) is always used.

-akkhika with furtive glance ("half an eye") DhA iv.98. -attha half of eight, i. e. four (cp. atthaddha) S 11.222 (°ratana); J VI. 354 (°pada quadruped; v. 1. for atthaddha). -a}baka \ an a^haka (measure) DhA iu.367. -u^4h3 [<=?•

A^dha

'7

Ati

Maharastrl form cauttha = Sk. caturtha] three and a half J 1.82; IV.180; V.417, 420; DhA 1.87; Mhvs 12, 53. -ocitaka half plucked off J 1.120. -karisa (-matta) half a k. in extent VvA 64 (cp. attha-karlsa). -kabapaija ^ kahSpana A V.S3. -kasika (or °ya) worth half a thousand kasiyas (i. e. of Benares monetary standard) Vin 1.281 (kambala, a woollen garment of that value; cp. Vin Texts 11.19s); H150 (bimbohanani, pillows; so read for addha- kSyikSni in T.); J v.447 (a°-kasiganika for a-°kssiya° a courtezan who charges that price, in phrase a°-k°-ganika viya na bahuonar) piys manapa). -kumbha a half (-filled) pitcher Sn 721. -kusi (tt. of tailoring) a short intermediate cross-seam Vin 1.287. -kosa half a room, a small room J VI. 81 (= a° kosantara C). -gavuta half a league J vi 55. -cula (°vaha vihi) ^ a measure (of rice) Miln 102, per- haps misread for addhalha (alha = alhaka, cp. A 111.52), a half alha of rice, -tiya the third (unit) less half, i. e. two and a half VvA 66 (masa); J 1.49, 206, 255 (°sata 250). Cp. next, -teyya = "tiya 2J Vin iv.117; J 11.129 (°sata); DA 1.173 (^- •■ KB for °tiya); DhA 1.95 (°sata), 279; PvA 20 ("sahassa). -telasa [cp. BSk. ardhatrayodasa] twelve and a half Vin I 243, 247 ; D 11.6 (°bhikkhu- satani, cp. tayo Bib); DhA 111.369. -dandaka a short stick M 1.87 = A 1.47; 11.122 = Nd- 604 ^ Miln 197. -duka see °ruka. -nalika (-matta) half a nali-measure full J VI. 366. -pallanka half a divan Vin 11.280. -bhaga half a share, one half Vv 13' (=: upaddhabhaga VvA 61); Pv i.ii'. -mandala semi-circle, semi circular sewing Vin 1.287. -mana half a mana measure J 1.468 (m. = atthan- nai) nSlinai) namai) C). -masa half a month, a half month, a fortnight Vin III. 254 (unak°); A v.85 ; J III. 218; VvA 66. Freq. in ace. as adv. for a fortnight, e. g. Vin IV.117; VvA 67; PvA 55. -masaka half a bean (as weight or measure of value, see masaka) J 1.1 11. -masika half- monthly Pug 55. -mundaka shaven over half the head (sign of loss of freedom) Mhvs 6, 42. -yoga a certain kind of house (usually with pasada) Vin 1.58 = 96, 107, '39i 239, 284; II. 146. Ace. to Vin T. 1.174 "" Kol<l coloured Bengal house" (Bdhgh), an interpretation which is not correct : we have to read supanna vankageha "like a Carul.a bird's crooked wiug", i. e. where the roof is bent on one side, -yojana half a yojana (in distance) J V.410; DA 1.35 (in expl"- of addhana-magga); DhA 1.147 ; 11.74. -ratta midnight A 111.407 (°ar) adv. at m.); Vv 81'" (°rattayaij adv. = addharattiyaq VvA 315); J 1. 164 (sa- maye); IV.159 (id.), -rattl := "ratta VvA 255, 315 (=r majjhimayama-samaya) ; PvA 155. -ruka (v. 1. °duka) a certain fashion of wearing the hair Vin 11.134; Bdhgh expl"- on p. 319: adhadukan ti udare lomaraji-thapanar) "leaving a stripe of hair on the stomach", -vivata (dvara) half open J v. 293.

A(J(jha^ ('"^JO [Sl<. adhya fr. rddha pp. of fdh, rdhnote & rdhyate (see ijjhati) to thrive cp. Gr. aASofiai thrive, Lat. alo to nourish. Cp. also Vedic ida refreshment & P. iddhi power. See also ajhiya] rich, opulent, wealthy, well-to-do ; usually in comb"- with mahaddbana & mababhoga of great wealth & resources (foil, by pahuta-jataruparajata pahuta vittupakarana etc.). Thus at D 1.1 15, 134, 137; III.163; Pug 52; DhA 1.3; VvA 322; PvA 3, 78 etc. In other combn- Vv 31* ("kula); Nd^ 615 (Sakka = addho mahad- dhano dhanava); DA 1.281 (=issara); DhA 11.37 (°kula); Sdhp 270 (satasakh"), 312 (gun°), 540 sq. (id.), 561.

A(j()haka (adj.) wealthy, rich, influential J iv.495 ; Pv 11.8' (= mahSvibhava PvA 107).

A4<]hatl (f.) [abstr. to addha] riches, wealth, opulence Sdhp 316.

A(ja [Sk. fna; see etym. under ina, of which ana is a doublet. See also Sijanya] debt, only in neg. ana^a (adj.) free from debt Vin 1.6 = S 1.137, 234 = D 11.39; Th 2, 364 (i. e. without a new birth); A 11.69; J v.481 ; ThA 245.

AqU (adj.) [Sk. anu; as to etym. see Walde Lat. Wtb. under ulna. See also ini] small, minute, atomic, subtle (opp. tbula, q. v.) D 1.223; S 1.136; v.96 (°bija); Sn 299 (anuto anui) gradually); J in. 12 (=r appamattaka); iv.203 ; Dhs 230, 617 (=kisa); ThA 173; Miln 361. Ne/e anu is freq. spelt anu, thus usually in cpd. °matta.

-tbula (anuqthula) fine and coarse, small & large Dh 31 (= mahantaii ca khuddakaii ca DhA 1.282), 409 = Sn 633; J IV.192; Dh.\ iv.184. -mitta of small size, atomic, least Sn 431; Vbh 244, 247 (cp. M 111.134; A 11.22); Dpvs IV.20. The spelling is antunatta at D 1.63 = It 118; Dh 284; DA 1. 181; Sdhp 347. -sahagata accomp- anied by a minimum of, i. e. residuum Kvu 81, cp. Kvu trsl. 66 n. 3.

Aquka (adj.) = anu Sn 146, KhA 246.

A^da (nt.) [Etym. unknown. Cp. Sk. anda] I. an egg Vin 111.3; S 11.258; M 1. 104; A IV.125 sq. — 2. (pi.) the testicles Vin 111.106. — 3. (in camm°) a water-bag J 1.249 (see Morris J. P. T. S. 1884, 69).

-kosa shell of eggs Vin 111.3 = M .104; A iv.126, 176. -cheda(ka) one who castrates, a gelder J iv.364, 366. -ja I. born from eggs S ni.241 (of snakes); M 1.73; J 11.53 =r v.8S; Miln 267. — 2. a bird J. v.i8g. -bharin bearing his testicles S 11.258 := Vin iii.ioo. -sambhava the product of an egg, i.e. a bird Th i, 599. -baraka one who takes or exstirpales the testicles M 1.383.

A^ljaka' (nt.) = anda, egg DhA 1.60; 111.137 (sakuri°).

A^cjaka^ (^<JJO [Sk. ? prob. an inorganic form ; the diaeresis of candaka into c' andaka seems very plausible. As to meaning cp. DhsA 396 and see Dhs trsl. 349, also Mor- ris J. P. T. S. 1893, 6, who, not satisfactorily, tries to establish a relation to ard, as in atta'] only used of vaca, speech: harsh, rough, insolent M 1.286; A v.265, 283, 293 (^loss kantaka); J in. 260; Dhs 1343, cp. DhsA 396.

Aooa (food, cereal). See passages under aparanija & pubbapija.

AQQava (nt.) [Sk. arna & arnava to f, rnoti to move, Idg. *er to be in quick motion, cp. Gr. 'ifrntii ; Lat. orior ; Goth, rinnan =: E. run; Ohg. runs, river, flow.] i. a great flood (.=: ogha), the sea or ocean (often as mah°, cp. BSk. maharnava, e.g. Jim ,'31") M 1.134; S 1.214; 1V.157 (maha udak°); Sn 173 (fig. for sarjsara see SnA 214), 183, 184; J 1. 119 (°kucchi), 227 (id.); v. 1 59 (mah"); Mhvs 5, 60; 19, 16 (mah°). — 2. a stream, river J lii. 521; V.2S5.

AQha [Sk. ahna, day, see ahan] day, only as — ° in apar°, pubb°, majjh°, say", q. v.

Atakkaka (adj.) [a -f- takka-] not mixed with buttermilk J YI.21.

Ataccha (nt.) [a -|- taccha*] falsehood, untruth D 1.3 ; J VI. 207.

Ati (indecl.) [Sk. ati = Gr. 'In moreover, yet, and ; Lat. et and, Goth. i{); also connected with Gr. onif but, Lat. at but {z=^ over, outside) Goth. a]){)an] adv. and prep, of direction (forward motion), in primary meaning "on, and further", then "up to and beyond". I. in abstr. position adverbially (only as Itg): in excess, extremely, very (cp. 11. 3) J vi.133 (ati uggata C. = accuggata T.), 307 (ati ahitai] C. ■= accfihitai) T.).

11. as prefix, meaning. — l. on to, up to, towards, until); as far as: accanta- up to the end; aticchati to go further, pass on; atipata ••falling on to"; attack slaying; atimSpeti to put damage on to, i. e. to destroy. — 2. over, beyond, past, by, trans-; with verbs: (a.) trs. atikkamali to pass beyond, surpass; atimaniiati to put one's "manas" over, to despise; atirocati to surpass in splendour, (b.) intr. atikkanta passed by; atikkama traversing; aticca tranrgressing ; atita past, gone beyond. — Also with

1—3

Ati

i8

AtJcaritar

verbal derivations: accaya lapse, also sin, transgression ("going over"); aiireka remainder, left over; atisaya over- flow, abundance; atisara stepping over, sin. — 3. exceed- ingly, in a high or excessive degree either very (much) or too (much); in nominal comp"- (a), rarely also in verbal comp"- see (b). — (a) with nouns & adj.: "asanna too near; °uttama the very highest; °udaka too much water; °khippa too soon; °dana excessive alms giving; °daruna very cruel ; "digha extremely long ; "dura too near ; deva a super-god °pago too early ; °balha too much ; °bhara a too heavy load; "manapa very lovely; "manohara very charming; °mahant too great; °vikala very inconvenient; "vela a very long time; °sambadha too tight, etc. etc. — (b.) with verb: atibhunjati to eat excessively.

III. A peculiar use of ati is its' function in reduplica- tion-compounds^ expressing "and, adding further, and so on, even more, etc." like that of the other comparing or contrasting prefixes a (a), anu, ava, pati, vi (e. g. khan- dakhanda, setthSnusetthi, chiddiivacchidda, angapaccanga, cunnavicunna). In this function it is however restricted to comparatively few expressions and has not by far the wide range of a (q. v.), the only phrases being the foil. viz. cakkaticakkar) manclitimancai) bandhati to heap carts upon carts, couches upon couches (in order to see a pro- cession) Vin 1V.360 (Bdhgh); J 11.331; IV.81 ; DhA iv.61. -devatideva god upon god, god and more than a god (see atideva); manatimana all kinds of conceit; vankati- vanka crooked all over J 1.160. — IV. Semantically ati is closely related to abhi, so that in consequence of dialectical variation we frequently find ati in Pali, where the corresp. expression in later Sk. shows abhi. See e. g. the foil, cases for comparison: accunha ati-jata, "pllita °bruheti, "vassati, °vayati, '^vetheti.

Note The contracted (assimilation-) form of ati before' vowels is ace- (q. v.). See also for adv. use atiriva, ati- viya, atlva.

Atl-ambila (adj.) [ati + ambila] too sour DhA 11.85.

Ati-arahant [ati -\- arahant] a super-Arahant, one who sur- passes even other Arahaots Miln 277.

Atl-lssara (adj.) very powerful (?) J V.44I (°bhesajja, medicin).

Ati-U^ha (adj.) too hot PvA 37 ("atapa glow). See also accunha (which is the usual form).

Ati-Uttama (adj.) by far the best or highest VvA 80.

Atl-udaka too much water, excess of water DhA 1.52.

Ati-USSUra (adj.) only in loc. "e (adv.) too soon after sun- rise, too early VvA 65 (laUdhabhattatS eating too early).

Atl-etl [ati -f 1] to go past or beyond, see ger. aticca and pp. atlta.

Atikata (PP-) more than done to, i. e. retaliated ; paid back in an excessive degree A 1.62.

Atlkaddhatl [ati -f- kaddhati] to pull too hard, to labour, trouble, drudge Vin 111.17.

Atika^ha (adj.) [ati -f kaijha] too black Vin IV.7.

AtikarUQa (adj.) [ati -j- karuna] very pitiful, extremely mis- erable J 1.202: IV. 142; VI.S3.

Atlkassa (ger.) [fr. atikassati ati + krs ; Sk. atikf-sya] pul- ling (right) through J v. 173 (rajjuq, a rope, through the nostrils; v. 1. BB. anti°).

Ailkala [ati + kala] in instr. atikalena adv. in very good time very early Vin 1.70 (-f- atidivS).

Atlkkanta [pp- of atikamati] passed beyond, passed by, gone by, elapsed; passed over, passing beyond, surpassing J 11.128 (llpi saijvaccharani); DhA 111.133 (layo vaye pas-

sed beyond the 3 ages of life); PvA 55 (mase °e after the lapse of a month), 74 (kati divasa °a how many days have passed).

-manusaka superhuman It 1 00; Pug 60; cp. BSk, atikrSnta-manusyAka M Vastu 111.321.

Atlkkantika (f.) [Der. abstr. fr. prec] transgressing, over- stepping the bounds (of good behaviour), lawlessness Miln 122.

Atikkama [Sk. atikrama] going over or further, passing beyond, traversing ; fig. overcoming of, overstepping, failing against, transgression Dh 191; Dhs 299; PvA 154 (kati- payayojan°), 159 ("carana sinful mode of life); Miln 158 (dur° hard to overcome); Sdhp 64.

Atikkamaqaka (adj.) [atikkamana -f ka] exceeding J 1.153.

Atikkamatl [ati -f-kamati] (i) to go beyond, to pass over, to cross, to pass by. (2) to overcome, to conquer, to sur- pass, to be superior to. — J iv.i4i; Dh 221 (Pot. °eyya, overcome); PvA 67 (maggena: passes by), grd. atikka- tnanlya to be overcome D 11.13 (an°); SnA 568 (dur"). ger. atikkamtna D 11. 12 (surpassing); It 51 (maradheyyaq, passing over), cp. vv. 11. under adhigayha; and atikka- mitva going beyond, overcoming, transcending (J iv.139 (samuddai]); Pug 17; J 1.162 (ratthaq having left). Often to be trsl. as adv. "beyond", e. g. pare beyond others PvA 15; Vasabhagamai) beyond the village of V. I'vA 168. — pp. atikkanta (q. v.).

Atlkkametl [Caus. of atikkamati] to make pass, to cause to pass over J 1.151.

Atlkkhippai) (adv.) [ati 4- thippa] too soon Vin 11.284.

Atlkha^a (nt.) [ati + khana(na)] too much digging J 11.296.

Atlkhata (nt.) = prec. J 11.296.

AtlkhiQa (adj.) [ati -f khina] in capatikhlna broken bow(?) Dh 156 (expld- at DhA m.132 as capato alikhlna capa vinimmutta).

Atiga ( — °) (adj.) [ati + ga] going over, overcoming, sur- mounting, getting over Sn 250 (sanga°); Dh 370 (id.); Sn 795 (sima°, cp. Nd" .99), 1096 (ogha°); Nd' 100 (= atikkanta); Nd* 180 (id.).

Atlgacchati [ati -}- gacchati] to go over, i. e. to overcome, surmount, conquer, get the better of, only in prel. (aor.) 3rd sg. accaga (q. v. and see gacchati 3) Sn 1040; Dh 414 and accagama (see gacchati 2) Vin 11.192; D 1.85; S 11.205 ; DA 1.236 (= abhibhavitva pavatta). Also 3'-'l pi. accagur) It 93, 95.

Atlga|etl [ati + galeti, Caus. of galati, cp. Sk. vi-galayati] to destroy, make perish, waste away J VI.211 (= atig5- layati vinaseti C. p. 215). Perhaps reading should be atigajheti (see atigalhita.

Atlga|ha (adj.) [ati + galha i] very tight or close, inten- sive J 1.62. Cp. atigajhita.

Atigalhita [pp- of atigalheti, Denom. fr. atigalha; cp. Sk. aiigahate to overcome] oppressed, harmed, overcome, de- feated, destroyed J V.401 (=: atipllita C).

Atlghora (adj.) [ati + ghora] very terrible or fierce Sdhp 285.

Atlcarana (nt.) [fr. aticarati] transgression PvA 159.

Aticaratl [ati -|- carati] I. to go about, to roam about Pv II.I2"- PvA 57. — 2. to transgress, to commit adultery J 1.496. Cp. next.

Atlcaritar [n- ag. of. aticarati] one who transgresses, esp. a woman who commits adultery A 11.61 (all MSS. read aticaritvS); iv.66 (T. aticaritta).

Aticariya

19

Atiplnita

Aticariya (f-) [ati + cariyg] transgression, sin, adultery D 111.190.

Aticara [from aticarati] transgression Vv 158 (= aticca cara VvA 72).

Aticarin (adj. n.) [from aticarati] transgressing, sinning, esp. as f. aticarini an adultress S 11.259 ; iv. 242; D lli.190; A 111.261; Pvii.t2'«; PvA 151 (v. 1. BB), 152; VvA no.

Atlcltra (adj.) [ati + citra] very splendid, brilliant, quite exceptional Miln 28.

Aticca (grd.) [ger. of ati + eti, ati + i] '■ passing beyond, traversing, overcoming, surmounting Sn 519, 529, 531. Used adverbially = beyond, in access, more than usual, exceedingly Sn 373, 804 (=: vassasatai) atikkamitva Nd' 120). — 2. failing, transgressing, sinning, esp committing adultery J v,424; VvA 72,

AtiCChat! [*Sk. ati-rcchati, ati + f, cp. annava] to go on, only occurring in imper. aticchatha (bhante) "please go on, Sir", asking a bhikkhu to seek alms elsewhere, thus refusing a gift in a civil way. [The interpretation given by Trenckner, as quoted by Childers, is from ati -(- i§ "go and beg further on". (Tr. Notes 65) but this would entail a meaning like "desire in excess", since ij does not convey the notion of movement] J III. 462 ; DhA IV. 98 (T. aticcha, vv. 11. °atha); VvA 101; Miln 8. — Caus. aticchapeti to make go on, to ask to go further J 111.462. — Cp. icchata.

AtiCChatta [ati + chatta] a "super"-sunshade, a sunshade of extraordinary size & colours DhsA 2.

Atltata (adj.) [ati -|- jata, perhaps ati in sense of abhi, cp. abhijata] well-born, well behaved, gentlemanly It 14 (opp. avajata).

Atitarati [ati -|- tarati] to pass over, cross, go beyond aor. accatari S iv.l57 = lt 57 (°ari).

AtitUCCha (adj.) [ati + tuccha] very, or quite empty Sdhp 430.

Atitutthi (f.) [ati + tutthi] extreme joy J 1.207.

Atitula (iidj.) [ati -j- tula] beyond compare, incomparable Th I, 831 = Sn 561 (= tular) atito nirupamo ti allho SnA 455).

Atitta (adj.) [a -|- titta] dissatisfied, unsatisfied J 1.440 ; Dh 48.

Atittha (nt.) [a + tittha] "that which is not a fording- place". i. e. not the right way, manner or time; as " — wrongly in the wrong way J 1343; IV. 379; VI. 241 ; DhA 111.347; DA 1.38.

Atlthl [Sk. atithi of at = at, see atati ; orig. the wanderer, cp. Vedic atithin wandering] a guest, stranger, newcomer D I.I 17 (= aganluka-navaka pahunaka DA 1.288); A 11.68; 111.45, 260; J iv.31^ 274; V.388; Kh VIII.7 (= n' althi assa thiti yamlii va tamhi va divase agacchati ti atithi KhA 222); VvA 24 (= agantuka).

Atldana (m.) [ati -{- dana] too generous giving, an exces- sive gift of alms Miln 277; PvA 129, 130.

Atidaruna (adj.) [Sk. atidaruna, ati + daruna] very cruel, extremely fierce Pv 111.7'.

Atlditthi (f) [ati -f ditthi] higher doctrine, super know- ledge (?) Vin 1.63 =z 11.4 (-|- adhisila; should we read adhi-ditthi ?)

Atidlva (adv.) [ati -f div5] late in the day, in the afternoon Vin 1.70 (4- atikalena); S 1.200; A in. 117.

Atldlsati [ati + disali] to give further explanation, to explain in detail Miln. 304.

Atidigha (adj.) [ati -f dfgha] too long, extremely long J IV. 165; Pv II. lo^; VvA 103 (opp. atirassa).

Atidukkha [ati + dukkha] great evil, exceedingly painful excessive suffering PvA 65; Sdhp 95. In atidukkhavaca PvA 15 ati belongs to the whole cpd., i.e. of very hurt- ful speech.

AtidQra (adj.) [ati + dura] very or too far Vin I.46; J II. 1 54; Pv II. 9" = DhA III. 220 (vv. 11. suvidure); PvA 42 (opp. accasanna).

Atideva [ati -f deva] a super god, god above gods, usually Ep. of the Buddha S 1.141 ; Th I, 489; Nd' 307 (cp. adhi°); Miln 277. atidevadeva id. Miln 203, 209. devati- deva god over the gods (of the Buddha) Nd^ 307 a.

Atidhamati [ati -f- dhamati] to beat a drum too hard J 1.283 ; pp. atidhanta ibid.

Atidhatata [ati + dhsta + ta] oversatiation J 11.X93.

Atidhavatl [ati + dhavati 1] to run past, to outstrip or get ahead of S 111.103; iv.230; M in. 19; It 43; Miln 136; SnA 21.

Atidhonacarin [ati -{■ dhonacarin] indulging too much in the use of the "dhonas", i. e. the four requisites of the bhikkhu, or transgressing the proper use or normal ap- plication of the requisites (expl"- at DhA 111.344, cp. dhona) Dh 240 = Nett 129.

Atlnametl [BSk. atinamayati, e. g. Divy 82, 443 ; ati -f nanieti] to pass time A 1. 206; Miln 345.

Atlnigganhati [ati 4- nigganhati] to rebuke too much J VI.417. ■

Atinlcaka (adj.) [ati + nlcaka] too low, only in phrase cakkavalar) atisambadhat] Brahmaloko atinicako the World is too narrow and Heaven too low (to comprehend the merit of a person, as sign of exceeding merit) DhA 1.310; 111.310 = VvA 68.

Atinetl [ati + neti] to bring up to, to fetch, to provide with Vin II. 1 80 (udakaij).

Atlpao^ita (adj. [ati -f pandita] too clever DhA IV.38.

AtlpriQ(Jltata (f.) [abstr. of atipandita] too much clever- ness DhA n.29.

Atipadana (nt.) [ati -J- pa -f dana] too much alms-giving Pv n.943 (:=atidana PvA 130).

Atipapafica [ati -f p.] too great a delay, excessive tarrying J 1.64; 11.93.

Atipariccaga [ati -(- pariccaga] excess iu liberality DhA III. II.

Atipassatl [ati -|- passati: cp. Sk. anupasyati] to look for, catch sight of, discover M III. 132 (nigai]).

Atipata [ati -^- pat] attack , only in phrase panatipata destruction of life, slaying, killing, murder D 1.4 (panati- pata vcramani, refraining from killing, the first of the dasasila or decalogue); DA 1.69 (= panavadha, pana- ghata); Sn 242; Kh n. cp. KhA 26; PvA 28, 33 etc.

Atipatln (adj. -n.) one who attacks or destroys Sn 248; I VI.449 (in war nagakkhandh" ==: hatthikkhande khaggena chinditva C); PvA 27 (pan").

Atipateti [Denom. fr. atipata] to destroy S V.4S3; Dh 246 (v. 1. for atimSpeti, q. v.). Cp. paripateti.

Atlpipita (adj.) [ati + pinita] too much beloved, too dear, loo lovely DhA V.70.

Atipijita

20

Atlvattar

Atlpl]ita [ati + pllita, cp. Sk. abhipidita] pressed against, oppressed, harassed, vexed J V.401 (= atigalhila).

AtippagO (adv.) [cp. Sk. atiprage] too early, usually ellip- tical = it is too early (with inf. caritui) etc.) D 1.178; M 1.84; A IV.35.

Atibaddha [pp. of atibandhati ; cp. Sk. anubaddha] tied to, coupled J 1.192 = Vin IV.5.

Atibandhati [ati + bandhati; cp. Sk. anubandhati] to tie close to, to harness on, to couple J I.191 sq. — pp. atibaddha q. v.

Atibahala (adj.) [ati + bahala] very thick J vi.365.

Atiba|ha (adj.) [ati + balha] very great or strong PvA 178; nt. adv. "g too much D 1.93, 95; M 1.253.

Atibaheti [ati + baheti, Caus. to bfh' ; cp. Sk. abrhati] to drive away, to pull out J iv.366 {= abbaheti).

Atibrahina [ati -f- brahraa] a greater Brahma, a super-god Miln 277 ; DhA II. 60 (Brahmuna a. greater than B.).

Atibruheti [ati 4- brnheti, bfh'^, but by C. taken incorrectly to bru; cp. Sk. abhi-brnhayati] to shout out, roar, cry J V.361 (= mahasaddai) nicchareti).

Atibhagjni-putta [ati -|- bh.-p.] a very dear nephew J 1.223.

Atibhara [ati + bbara] too heavy a load Miln 277 ("ena sakatassa akkho bhijjati).

Atlbharita (adj.) [ati -)- bharita] too heavily weighed, over- loaded Vtn IV.47.

Atibhariya (adj.) too serious DhA 1.70.

Atlbhuiijati [ati -f- bhunjati] to eat too much, to overeat Miln 153.

Atibhutta (nt.) [ati -|- bhutta] overeating Miln 135.

Atlbhoti [ati -f- bhavati, cp. Sk. atibhavati & abhibhavati] to excel, overcome, to get the better of, to deceive J 1.163 (^ ajjhottharati vanceti C).

Atimannati [Sk. atimanyate; ati + man] to despise, slighten, neglect Sn 148 (=: KhA 247 atikkamitva maniiati); Dh 365, 366; J 11.347; P» '-7° ("issaij, V. 1. °asir| = atikka- mitva avamaiiSiq PvA 37); PvA 36; Sdhp 609.

Atimannana (f-) [abstr. to prec, cp. atimana] arrogance, contempt, neglect Miln 122.

Atimanapa (adj.) [ati -\- manapa] very lovely PvA 77 (-f abhirQpa).

Atinianorama (adj.) [ati -|- manorama] very charming J 1.60.

Atimanohara (adj.) [ati -\- manohara] very charming PvA 46.

Atlmanda(ka) (adj.) [ati -J- manda] too slow, too weak Sdhp 204, 273, 488.

Atimamayati [ati -f mamayati, cp. Sk. atimamayate in diff. meaning z= envy] to favour too much, to spoil or fondle J 11.316.

Atimahant (adj.) [ati -f mahant] very or too great J 1. 221 ;

I'vA 75.

Atltnapeti [ati -j- mapeti, Caus. of mi, minate, orig. meaning "to do damage to"] to injure, destroy, kill; only in the stock phrase panag atimapeti (with v. 1. atipateti) to destroy life, to kill D 1.52 (v. 1. "pateti) = DA 1.159 (: panai) hanati pi parehi hanapeti either to kill or incite others to murder); M 1.404, 516; S IV.343; A ill. 205 (correct T. reading atimateti; v. I. pateti); Dh 246 (v. 1. °pateti) = DhA 111.356 (: parassa jivitindriyai) upacchindati).

Atimana [Sk. atimina, ati -|- mana] high opinion (of one- self), pride, arrogance, conceit, M 1.363; Sn 853 (see expl"- at Nd' 233), 942, 968; J vi.235; Nd' 490; Miln 289. Cp. atimaiinaDa.

Atimanin (adj.) [fr. atimana] D 11.45 (thaddha -)-); Sn 143 (an") 244; KhA 236.

Atimukhara (adj.) [ati -f- mukhara] very talkative, a chat- terbox J 1. 418; DhA 11.70. atimukharata (f. abstr.) ibid.

Atimuttaka [Sk. atimuktaka] N. of a plant, Gaertnera Racemosa Vin 11.256 = M 1.32 ; Miln 338.

Atimuduka (adj.) [ati -f- muduka] very soft, mild or feeble J 1.262.

Atiyakkha (ati -j- yakkha] a sorcerer, wizard, fortuneteller J VI. 502 (C. : bhutavijja ikkhanika).

Atiyacaka (adj.) [ati -)- yacaka] one who asks too much Vin III 147.

Atiyacana (f.) [ati -|- yacana] asking or begging too much Vin 111.147.

Atirattig (adv.) [ati -f- fatti ; cp. atidiva] late in the night, at midnight J 1.436 (opp. atipabhate).

Atirassa (adj.) [ati 4- rassa] too short (opp. atidigha) Vin

IV.7; J VI.457; VvA 103.

Atiraja [ati -)- raja] a higher king, the greatest king, more than a king DhA 11.60; Miln 277.

AtiriCCati [ati -f- riccati, see ritta] to be left over, to remain Sdhp 23, 126.

Atiritta (adj.) [pp. of ati -f rlC, see ritta] left over, only as neg. an" applied to food, i. e. food which is not the leavings of a meal, fresh food Vin 1.213 sq , 238; 11. 301; IV.82 sq., 85.

Atiriva (ati-r-iva) see ativiya.

Atireka (adj.) [Sk. atireka, ati -J- ric, rinakti ; see ritta] surplus, too much; exceeding, excessive, in a high degree; extra Vin 1.255; J '-72 (°padasata), 109; 441 (in higher positions); Miln 216; DhsA 2; DhA 11.98.

-civara an extra robe Vin 1.289. -pada exceeding the worth of a pada, more than a pada, Vin III. 47.

Atlrekata (f.) [abstr. to prec] excessiveness, surplus, excess Kvu 607.

AtlrOCati [ati -j- rue] to shine magnificently (trs.) to out- shine, to surpass in splendour D II 208; Dh 59; Pv ll.gW; Miln 336 (4- virocati); DhA 1.446 (= atikkamitva viro- cati); 111.219; FvA 139 (= ativiya virocati).

Ativankin (adj.) [ati -|- vankin] very crooked J 1.160 (van- kativankin crooked all over; cp. ati III.).

AtivaOOatl [ati -\- vannati] to surpass, excel D 11.267.

Ativatta [pp. of ativattati : Sk. ativrtta] passed beyond, surpassed, overcome (act. & pass.), conquered Sn H33 (bhava°); Nd^ 21 (= atikkanta, vitivatta); J v.84 (bhaya"); Miln 146, 154.

Ativattati [ati -f- Vft, Sk. ativartate] to pass, pass over, go beyond; to overcome, get over; conquer Vin 11.237 (samuddo velar) n'); S 11.92 (saijsarar)) ; IV. 158 (id.) It 9 (sar)sarar|)= A lI.lo = Nd' 172=; Th 1,412; J 1.58, 280; 1V.134; VI. 113, 114; PvA 276. — pp. ativatta (q. v.).

Ativattar' [Sk. *alivaktr, n. ag. to ati-vacati; cp. ativakya] one who insults or offends J v.266 (isinaq ativattiro = dharusavacahi atikkamitva vattaro C).

Ativattar

21

Atita

Ativattar^ [Sk. *ativartr, n. ag. to ati-vattati] one who over- comes or is to be overcome Sn 785 (svativatta = durati- vatta duttara duppatara Nd' 76).

Atlvasa (a4J0 ["'' + ^^^^ ^'^- vas] being under somebody's rule, dependent upon (c. gen.) Dh 74 (=: vase vattati DhA 11.79).

AtivaSSatl [ati 4- vassati, cp. Sk. abhivarsati] to rain down on, upon or into Th I, 447 := Vin 11.240.

Atlvakya (nt.) [ati + vac, cp. Sk. ativada, fr. ati + vad] abuse, blame, reproach Dh 320, 321 (= attha-anariya- vohara-vasena pavattaij vitikkama-vacanaq DhA IV.3); J VI. 508.

Ativata [ati + vSta] too much wind, a wind which is too strong, a gale, storm Miln 277.

Atlvayati [ati -f- vayati] to fill (excessively) with an odour or perfume, to satiate, permeate, pervade Miln 333 (-f- vayati; cp. abhivayati ibid 385).

Atlvaha [fr. ati -\- vah, cp. Sk. ativahati & abhivaha] car- rying, carrying over; a conveyance; one who conveys, i.e. a conductor, guide Th I, 616 (said of sila, good character); J v.433. — Cp. ativahika.

Ativahika [fr. alivaha] one who belongs to a conveyance, one who conveys or guides, a conductor (of a caravan) J V.471, 472 (°puri.sa).

Ativlkala (adj.) [ati -j- vikala] at a very inconvenient time, much too exete D i 108 (= sutthu vikala DA 1.277).

Ativijjhati [Sk. atividhyati, ati + vyadh] to pierce,^ to enter into (fig.), to see through, only in phrase pannaya ativijjha (ger.) passati to recognise in all details M 1.480 ; S V.226; A 11.178.

Ativiya (idv.) [Sk. ativa] = ati + '*», orig. "much-like" like an excess ^ excessive-Iy. There are three forms of this expression, viz. (i) ati -|- iva in contraction ativa (q. v.); — (2) ati -f- iva with epenthetic r: atiriva D 11.264 (v- '• SS. ativa); Sn 679, 680, 683; SnA 486; — (3) ati -f- viya (the doublet of iva) =: ativiya J 1.61, 263 ; DhA 11.71 (a. upakara of great service); PvA 22, 56, 139.

Atlvisa (f.) [Sk. ativisa] N. of a plant Vin 1. 201 ; IV.3S.

Ativlssattha (adj.) [ati + vissattha] too abundant, in "vakya one who talks too much, a chatterbox J V.204.

AtlviSSaslka (adj.) [ati -j- vissasika] very, or too confiden- tial J 1.86.

AtivlSSUta (adj.) [ati -j- vissuta] very famous, renowned Sdhp 473.

Ative^hetl [ati -f vejt, cp. Sk. abhivestate] to wrap over, to cover, to enclose; to press, oppress, stifle Vin II.IOI; J V.452 (-ativiya vetheti pileti C).

Atlvela (adj.) [ati + vela] excessive (of time); nt. adv. "g a very long time; excessively D 1.19 (= atikalai) aticiran ti attho DA 1.113); M 1.122; Sn 973 (see expl"- at Nd' 504); J 111.103 = Nd' 504.

Atilfna (adj.) [ati -f- Ii°^] t°° much attached to worldly matters S v.263.

Atflukha (adj.) [ati -|- lukha] too wretched, very miserable Sdhp 409.

Atiloma (adj.) [ati + loma] too hairy, having too much hair J VI.457 (opp. aloma).

Atlsaficara ("cara?) [ati + saiicara] wandering about too much Miln 277.

AtlsaQha (adj.) [ati + sanha] too subtle DhA 111.326.

Atlsanta (adj.) [ati + santa'] extremely peaceful Sdhp 496.

Atisambadha (adj.) [ali + sambadha] too light, crowded or narrow DhA 1. 310; 111.310 = VvA 68; cp. atinicaka. — f. abstr. atisambadhata the state of being too narrow J 1.7.

Atisaya [cp. Sk. atisaya, fr. ati + Si] superiority, distinc- tion, excellence, abundance VvA 135 (= visesa); PvA 86; Davs 11.62.

Atisayati [ati + si] to surpass, excel ; ger. atisayitva Miln 336 (+ atikkamitva).

Atisara (adj.; [fr. atisarati; cp. accasara] transgressing, sinning J IV.6; cp. atisara.

Atisarati [ati + Sf] 'o go '°o ''"■'i '° B° beyond the limit, to overstep, transgress, aor. accasari (q. v.) Sn 8 sq. (opp. paccasari; C. atidhavi); J v.70 and atisari J iv.6. — ger. atisitva (for *atisaritva) D 1.222; S IV.94 ; A 1.145; v.226, 256; Sn 908 (= Nd' 324 atikkamitva etc.).

Atisayai) (adv.) [ati + sayaij] very late, late in the evening J V.94.

Atisara [fr- ati 4- Sfi see atisarati. Cp. Sk. atisara in diff. meaning but BSk. atisara (sStisara) in the same meaning) going too far, overstepping the limit, trespassing, false step, slip, danger Vin 1.55 (sStisara), 326 (id); S 1.74; M III. 237; Sn 889 (atisaraij ditthiyo = ditthigatani Nd' 297; going beyond the proper limits of the right faith), J V.221 (dhamm°), 379; DhA 1. 1 82; DhsA 28. See also atisara.

Atislthila (adj.) [ati + sithila] very loose, shaky or weak A 111.375.

Atisita (adj.) [ati + sita] too cold DhA 11.85.

Atisitala (adj.) [ati + sitala] very cold J 111.55.

Atiliattha (adj.) [ati -f hattha] very pleased Sdhp 323,

Atiliarati [ati -f hf] to ca'"T over, to bring over, bring, draw over Vin 11.209; iv.264; S 1.89; J I.292; v. 347. — Caus. aliharapeti to cause to bring over, bring in, reap, collect, harvest Vin 11.181; III. 18; Miln 66; DhAiv.77. — See also atihita.

Atillita [ati + hf, PP- of atiharati, hita unusual for hata,

perhaps through analogy with Sk. abhi -|- dhi] brought

over (from the field into the house), harvested, borne home Th I, 381 (vihi).

Atihina (adj.) [ati 4- hina] very poor or destitute A iv.282, 287; 323 (opp. accogalha).

Atihi]eti [ati + hid] to despise J IV.331 (= atimanoati C).

Atita (adj.-n.) [Sk. atita, ati -f ita, pp. of |. Cp. accaya & ati eti] 1. (temporal) past, gone by (cp. accaya I) (a) adj. atitai) addbanai) in the time which is past S 111.86; A IV. 219; V.32. — Pv II. 12'- (atltanai), scil. attabhava- oari, pariyanto na dissati); khan&tita with the right mo- ment past Dh 315 = Sn 333; atitayobbana he who is past youth or whose youth is past Sn no. — (b) nt. the past: atite (loc.) once upon a time J 1.98 etc. atitai] ahari he told (a tale of) the past, i.e. a JStaka J 1.213, 218, 221 etc. — S 1.5 (atitai) n&nusocati); A 111.400 (a. eko anto); Sn 851, 1112. In this sense very frequently comb<i- with or opposed to anagata the future & pac- cuppanna the present, e. g. atitinagate in past & future S 11.58; Sn 373; J VI. 364. Or all three in ster. comb"- atlt'-auagata-paccuppanna (this the usual order) D in, 100, 135; S 11.26, no, 252; 111.19, 47, 187; IV.4 sq.; 151 sq. ; A 1.264 sq., 284; 11.171, 202; 111.151; v.33; It 53; Nd'^ 22; but also occasionally atita paccuppaona anagata,

Atita

22

Attan

e. g. PvA lOO. — 2. (modal) passed out of, having over- come or surmounted, gone over, free from (cp. accaya 2) S 1.97 (maranai) an° not free from death), 121 (sabba- vera-bhaya") ; A 11.21; in. 346 (sabbasaqyojana°); Sn 373 (kappa'), 598 (khaya°, of the moon = unabhfivai) atlta Sn A 463); Th I, 413 (c. abl.) — 3. (id.) overstepping, having transgressed or neglected (cp. accaya 3) Dh 176 (dhammai)).

-at)9a the past (= atita kotthase, atikkantabhavesu ti attho ThA 233) D n.222; 111.275; Th 2, 314. -aramm- ana state of mind arising out of the past Dhs 1041.

AtfradaSSifl (adj.-n.) [a -f tira + dassin] not seeing the shore J 1.46; vi.440; also as atiradassani (f.) J v. 75 (nava). Cp. D i 222.

Ativa (indecl.) [ati -|- iva, see also ativiya] very much, exceedingly J n.413; Mhvs 33, 2 etc.

Ato (adv.) [Sk. atah] hence, now, therefore S1.15; M 1.498; Miln 87; J V.398 (=tato C).

AtOina [etym.?) a class of jugglers or acrobats (?) Miln 191.

Atta' [a + d -|- ta ; that is, pp. of Sdadati with the base form reduced to d. Idg *d-to; cp. Sk. atta] that which has been taken up, assumed. Atta-danda, he who has taken a stick in hand, a violent person, S 1.236; iv.117; Sn 630, 935 ; Dh 406. Attanjaha, rejecting what had been assumed, Sn 790. Attaq pahaya Sn 800. The opp. is niratta, that which has not been assumed, has been thrown off, rejected. The Arahant has neither atta nor niratta (Sn 787, 858, 919), neither assumption nor rejec- tion, he keeps an open mind on all speculative theories. See Nd 1.82, 90, 107, 352; 11.271; Sn.\ 523; Dh.A. iv.180 for the traditional exegesis. As legal t. t. attadanarj adiyati is to take upon oneself the conduct, before the Chapter, of a legal point already raised. Vin 11.247 (quoted V.91).

Atta'^ see attan.

Atta-^ [Sk. akta, pp. of aiijati] see upatta.

Attan (m.) & atta (the latter is the form used in comp") [Vedic atman, not to Gr. msimi; = Lat. animus, but to Gr. arjidf steam, Ohg. atum breath, Ags. ae{)m]. — I. Inflection, (i) of at Ian- (n. stem); the foil, cases are the most freq.: ace. attanar) D 1.13, 185; S 1.24; Sn 132, 45'- — ge°- dat. attatio Sn 334, 592 etc., also as abl. ^ '"-SS? (attano ca parato ca as regards himself and others). — instr. abl. attana S 1.24; Sn 132, 451; DhA 11.75; PvA 15, 214 etc. On use of attana see below 111.1 C. — loc. attani S v. 177; A 1.149 (attani metri causa); 11.52 (anattani); 111.181; M 1. 138; Sn 666, 756, 784; Vbh 376 (an°). — (2) of atta- (a-stem) we find the foil, cases: ace. attai] Dh 379. — instr. attena S IV.54. — abl. attato S 1.188; Ps 1.143; 11.48; Vbh 336. Meanings, i. The soul as postulated in the animistic theories held in N India in the 6tli and 7'h cent. B. C. It is described in the Upanishads as a small creature, in shape like a man, dwelling in ordinary times in the heart. It escapes from the body in sleep or trance ; when it returns to the body life and motion reappear. It escapes from the body at death, then continues to carry on an everlasting life of its own. For numerous other details see Rh. D. Theory of Soul in the Upanishads J Ji A S 1899. Bt. India 251 — 255. Buddhism repudiated all such theories, thus differing from other religions. Sixteen such theories about the soul D 1.3 1. Seven other theories D 1.34. Three others D 1.186/7. A 'souV according to general belief was some thing permanent, unchangeable, not af- fected by sorrow S iv.54=:Kvu 67; Vin 1.14; M 1. 138. See also M 1.233; iii-265, 271; S 11. 17, 109; in. 135; A 1.284; n.164, 171; V.188; S IV.400. Cp. atuman, tuma, puggala, jiva, satta, pana and nama-riipa.

2. Oneself, himself, yourself. Nom. atta, very rare. S

1. 71, 169; III 120; A 1.57, 149 (you yourself know whether that is true or false. Cp. Manu vin. 84. Here atta comes very near to the European idea of conscience. But con- science as a unity or entity is not accepted by Buddhism) Sn 284; Dh 166, 380; Miln 54 (the image, outward appearance, of oneself). .\cc. attanar) S 1.44 (would not give for himself, as a slave) A 1.89; Sn 709. Ace. attar) Dh 379. Abl. attato as oneself S 1.188; Ps 1.143; 11.48; Vbh 336. Loc. vttani A 1.149; 111.181; Sn 666, 784. Instr. attana S 1.57 = Dh 66; S 1.75; 11.68; A 1.53; in. 211; IV. 405; Dh 165. On one's own account, sponta- neously S IV.307; V.354; A 1.297; 11.99, 218; 111.81 ; J I.I 56; PvA 15, 20. In composition with numerals atta- dutiya himself and one other D II. 147; "catultha with himself as fourth M 1.393; A 111.36; "pancaraa Dpvs VIII.2; °saltama J 1.233; "atthama VvA 149 (as atta-n- atthama Vv 34"), & "atthamaka Miln 291.

anatta (n. and predicative adj.) not a soul, without a soul. Most freq. in comb"- with dukkha & anicca — (i) as noun: S 111.141 ("anupassin); IV.49; v.345 ("saiiriin) ; A 11.52 = Ps 11.80 (anattani anatta; opp. to anattani atta, the opinion of the micchaditthigata satta); Dh 279; Ps "■37i 45 ^1- (°anupassana), 106 (yaq aniccan ca dukkhan ca tai] anatta); DhA in. 406 ("lakkhana). — (2) as adj. (pred.): S iv.152 sq. ; S IV.166; S iv.i30 sq., 148 sq.; Vin 1. 1 3 = S 111.66 =: Nd2 6S0 Q I ; S in. 20 sq. ; 178 sq , 196 sq.; sabbe dhamnia anatta Vin v. 86; S in. 1 33; IV.28, 401.

-attha one's own profit or interest Sn 75; Nd'^ 23; J IV.56, 96; otherwise as atta-d-attha, e.g. Sn 284. -atthiya looking after one's own needs Th i, 1097. -adbipaka master of oneself, self-mastered A 1.150. -adhipateyya self- dependence, self-reliance, independence A 1.147. -Sdhlna independent D 1.72. -anuditthi speculation about souls S nr.185; IV.148; A in. 447; Sn 1119; Ps 1.143; Vbh 368; Miln 146. -anuyogin one who concentrates his attention on himself Dh 209; DhA in. 275. -anuvada blaming oneself A 11.121 ; Vbh 376. -unna self-humiliation Vbh 353 (4- att-avaiiiia). -uddesa relation to oneself Vin III. 149 (= attano atthaya), also "ika ibid. 144. -kata self-made S 1.134 (opp. para°). -kama love of self A 11.21; adj. a lover of "soul", one who cares for his own soul S 1.75. -kara individual self, fixed individuality, oneself (cp. ahaijkara) D 1.53 (opp. para°); A 111337' (id.) DA 1. 160; as nt. at J v.401 in the sense of service (self-doing", slavery) (atlakarani karonti bhattusu). -kila- matba self-mortification D in. 113; S iv.330; V.421 ; M ni.230. -garahin self-censuring Sn 778. -gutta self- guarded Dh 379. -gutti watchfulness as regards one's self, self-care A n.72. -ghaiina self-destruction Dh 164. -ja proceeding from oneself Dh 161 (papa), -nu knowing oneself A IV. 113, cp. D 111.252. -(n)tapa self-mortifying, self-vexing D in. 232 = A 11.205 (opp. paran°); M 1.34I, 411; 11.159; Pug 55, 56. -danda see atta'. -danta self- restrained, self-controlled Dh 104, 322. -ditthi speculation concerning the nature of the soul Nd' 107; SnA 523, 527. -dlpa relying on oneself, independent, founded on oneself (-(- attasarana, opp. atina") D II. 1 00 := HI. 42; V.154; Sn 501 {^= attano gune eva attano dlpaij katva Sn.A 416). -paccakkha only in instr. °ena by or with his own presence, i.e. himself J v. 119. -paccakkbika eye-witness J v. 11 9. -paccattbika hostile to oneself Vin 11.94, 96. -patilabba acquisition of a personality D 1.195 (tayo: olarika, manomaya, arupa). -paritapana self-chast- isement, mortification D 111232 = A 11.205; M 1. 341; PvA 18, 30. -paritta charm (protection) for oneself Vin II. 1 10. -paribhava disrespect for one's own person Vbh 353. -bhava one's own nature (i) person, personality, individuality, living creature; form, appearance [cp. Dhs irsl. LX.XI and BSk. atmabhava body Divy 70, 73 (°pratilambha), 230; Sp. Av. is 1.162 (pratilambha), 167, 171] Vin 11.238 (living beings, forms); S v.442 (bodily appearance); A 1.279 (olarika a substantial creature); II. 17 (creature); DhA 11.64, 69 (appearance); Sn.\ 132 (personality). — (2) life, rebirth A 1.134 sq.; 1114 12;

Attan

23

Attha

UhA 11.68; PvA 8, 15, 166 (atita °a former lives), "q pavatteti to lead a life, to live PvA 29, i8l. Thus in cpd. patilabba assumption of an existence, becoming rebovn as an individual Vin H.185; in. 105; D III. 231; M 111.46; S 11.255, 272, 283; III. 144; A 11.159, '88; III 122 sq. — (3) character, quality of heart Sn 388 (= citta SnA 374); J 1.61. -rtipa "of the form of self", self-like only in instr. ''ena as adv. by oneself, on one's own account, for the sake of oneself S iv.97;.A 11. 120. -vadha self-destruction S 11.241; A 11.73. -vada theory of (a persistent) soul D 111.230; M 1.66; D 11.58; S 11.3, 245 sq.; 111.103, 165, 203; iv.l sq., 43 sq., 153 sq.; Ps 1. 1 56 sq.; Vbh 136, 375. For var. points of an "at- tavadic" doctrine see Index to Saqyutta Nikaya. -vya- badha personal harm or distress self-suffering, one's own disaster (opp. para°) M 1 369; S iv.339 = A 1.157; A 11.179. -vetana supporting oneself, earning one's own living Sn 24. -sancetana self-perception, self-conscious- ness (opp. para") D 111.231 ; A 11.159. -sambhava origin- ating from one's self S 1.70; A IV. 312; Dh 161 (papa); Th 1 , 260. -sambhuta arisen from oneself Sn 272. -sammapanidhi thorough pursuit or development of one's personality A 11.32; Sn 260, cp. KhA 132. -sarana see "dipa. -sukba happiness of oneself, self-success Dpvs 1.66, cp. II. II. -hita personal welfare one's own good (opp. para") D 11.233; A 11.95 sq. -hetu for one's own sake, out of self-consideration Sn 122; Dh 328.

Attaniya (adj.) [from alts] belonging to the soul, having a soul, of the nature of soul, soul-lika; usually nt. anything of the nature of soul M 1. 1 38 = Kvu 67; M 1.297; 11.263; S III. 77 (yai) kho anattaniyai] whatever has no soul), 127; iv.54 = Nd2 680 F; S iv.82 = 111.33 = Nd^ 680 Q 3; S 1V.168; V.6; Nd; 680 D. Cp. Dhs trsl. XXXV ff.

Attamana [atta' + mano, having an up raised mind. Bdhgh's expl"- is saka-mano DA 1.255 = atta -|- mano. ^^ applies the same expl"- to attamanata (at Dhs 9, see Dhs trsl. 12) = attano manata mentality of one's self] delighted, pleased, enraptured D 1.3, 90 (an"); 11.14; A in. 337, 343; IV.344; Sn 45 = Dh 328 (=: upalthita-satt Dh.\ IV.29); Sn 995; Nd' 24 (= tuttha-mano hattha-mano etc.); Vv i«; Pug 33 (an"); Miln"i8; DA 1.52; DhA 1.89 (an^-dhatuka displeased); PvA 23, 132; VvA 21 (where Dhpala gives two expl°^, either tutthamano or sakamano).

Attamanata (f) [abstr. to prec] satisfaction, joy, pleasure, transport of mind M 1. 114; A 1. 276; IV.62; Pug 18 (an"); Dhs 9, 86, 418 (an"); PvA 132; VvA 67 (an°).

Attala (adj.) [a -\- tana] without shelter or protection J 1.229; M'ln 148, 325; ThA 285.

Attha' (also attba, esp. in combns mentioned under 3) (m. & nt.) [Vedic artha from f, arti & rnoti to reach, attain or to proceed (to or from), thus originally result (or cause), profit, attainment. Cp. semantically Fr. chose, Lat. causa] 1. interest, advantage, gain; (moral) good, blessing, welfare; profit, prosperity, well-being M i.iii (atthassa ninnetar, of the Buddha, bringer of good); S IV.94 (id.); S 1.34 (attano a. one's own welfare), 55 (id.) 86, 102, 126= A 11.46 (atthassa patti); S 1.162 (attano ca parassa ca); 11.222 (id.); iv.347 (°r| bhaiijati destroy the good or welfare, always with musavadena by lying, cp. attha-bhanjanaka); A 161 (°r) anubhoti to fare well, to have a (good) result); in. 364 (samparayika a. profit in the future life); A v.223 sq. (analtho ca attho ca detriment & profit); It 44 (v. 1. atta better); Sn 37, 58 (= Nd'^ 26, where the six kinds of advantages are cnum^- as att° par° ubhay", i. e. advantage, resulting for oneself, for others, for both; ditthadhammik" samparayik" param" gain for this life, for a future life, and highest gain of all, i.e. Arahantship); Sn 331 (ko attho supitena what good is it to sleep = na hi sakka supantena koci attho

papnnitui] SnA 338; cp. ko attho supinena te Pv 11.6'); PvA 30 (atthai) sadheti does good, results in good, 69 (samparayikena atthena). — dat. atthaya lor the good, for the benefit of (gen.); to advantage, often eombd- with hitaya sukhaya, e.g. D in. 211 sq.; It 79. — Kh vni.i (to my benefit); Pv 1.4' (=: upakaraya PvA 18), 11.12' (to great advantage). See also below 6.

Sometimes in a more concrete meaning = riches, wealth, e.g. J 1.256 (= vaddhir) C); in. 394 (id.); Pv iv.i* (= dhanar) PvA 219). — Often as — °: att", one's own well- fare, usually comb<i- with par" and ubhay" (see above) S 11.29; V.121; A 1.158, 216; 111.63 sq.; IV.134; Sn 75 (att-attha, v. 1. attha Nd-i), 284 (atta-d-attha); uttam" the highest gain, the very best thing Dh 386 (= arahatta DhA IV. 1 42); Sn 324 (= arahatta SnA 332); param" id. Nd' 26; sad" one's own weal D 11.141; M 1.4; S 11.29; v'45; A 1.144; sattha (adj.) connected with ad- vantage, beneficial, profitable (of the Dhamma; or should we take it as "with the meaning, in spirit"? see sattha) D 1.62; S V.352; A n.147; 111.152; Ndi 316. — 2. need, want (c. instr.), use (for = instr.) S 1.37 ("jata when need has arisen, in need); J 1.254; in. 126, 281; iv.i; DhA 1.398 (n' atthi eteh' attho I have no use for them); VvA 250; PvA 24 (yavadattha, adj. as much as is needed, sufficient r= .inappaka). — 3. sense, meaning, import (of a word), denotation, signification. In this application attha is always spelt attha in cpds. atth-uppatti and attha-katha (see below). On term see also Cpd. 4. — S in.93 (atthaq vibhajati explain the sense); A 1.23 (id.), 60 (nit° primary meaning, literal meaning; neyy" secondary or inferred meaning); 11.189 ("■) aclkkhati to interpret); Sn 126 ("q pucchlta asked the (correct) sense, the lit. meaning), 251 ("r| akkhati); Th I, 374; attho paramo the highest sense, the ultimate sense or intrinsic meaning It 98, cp. Cpd. 6, 81, 223; Miln 28 (paramatthato in the absolute sense); Miln 18 (atthato according to Its meaning, opp. vyan- janato by letter, orthographlcally); DhA 11.82; 111.175; KhA 81 (pad" meaning of a word); SnA 91 (id.); PvA 15 ("ij vadati to explain, interpret), 16, 19 (hltattha- dhammata "fitness of the best sense", i. e. practical ap- plication), 71. V'ery frequent in Commentary style at the conclusion of an explained passage as tl attho "this is the meaning", thus it Is meant, this is the sense, e. g. DA 1.65; DhA IV.140, 141; PvA 33, etc. — Contrasted with dhamma in the comb"- attho ca dhammo ca it (attha) refers to the (piimary, natural) meaning of the word, while dhamma relates to the (interpreted) meaning of the text, to its bearing on the norm and conduct; or one might say they represent the theoretical and practical side of the text (pall) to be discussed, the "letter" and the "spirit''. Thus at A 1.69; v.222, 254; Sn 326 (= bhasitatthaii ca paUdhamman ca SnA 333): It 84 (duttho althar) na janati dhammai) na pa.ssali: he realises neither the meaning nor the importance); Dh 363 (= bhasitatlhaii c" eva desanadhammaii ca); J 11.353; vi.368; Nd' 386 (meaning & proper nature); Pv 111.9" (but expld- by PvA 211 as hita = benefit, good, thus referring it to above i). For the same use see cpds. "dhamma, "patisambhida, esp. in adv. use (see under 6) Sn 430 (yen^ atthena for which purpose), 508 (kena atthena v. 1. BB for T attana), J 1.41 1 (atthai] va kSranai] va reason and cause); DhA "•95 (+ karana( ; PvA 11 (ayaij h' ettha atlho this is the reason why). — 5. (In very wide application, covering the same ground as Lat. res & Fr. chose): (a) matter, affair, thing, often untranslatable and simply to be given as "this" or "that" S 11.36 (ekena-padena sabbo attho vutto the whole matter is said with one word); J 1.151 (tai) atthaq the matter); n.i6o (Imaij a. this); vi.289 (tai) atthar) pakascnto); PvA 6 (lai) atthaq pucchi asked It), II (visajjeti explains it), 29 (vuttai} atthaq what had been said), 82 (id.). — (b) affair, cause, case (cp. atta' and Lat. causa) Dh 256, 331; Miln 47 (kassa atthaq dharesi whose cause do you support, with whom do you agree?). See also alamattha. — 6. Adv. use of oblique cases in the sense of a prep. : (a) dat. atthaya for the

Attha

24

Attharati

sake of, in order to, for J 1.254 dhan' atthaya for wealth, kim" what for, why?), 279; 11.133; 111-54; DhA 11.82; PvA 55, 75, 78. — (b) ace. attba^ on account of, in order to, often instead of an infinitive or with another inf. substitute J 1.279 (kim"); 111.53 i"^-)'-! 1-253; n.128; Dpvs VI. 79; DhA 1.397; PvA 32 (dassan" in order to see), 78, 167, etc. — (c) abl. attha J 111.518 (pitu attha = atthaya C). — (d) loc. atthe instead of, for VvA 10; PvA 33; etc.

anattba (m. & nt.) I. unprofitable situation or con- dition, mischief, harm, misery, misfortune S 1. 103; 11.196 (analthaya saqvattati); A iv.96 (°i) adhipajjati) It 84 (°jaoano doso ill-will brings discomfort); J 1.63, 196; Pug 37; Dhs 1060, 1231; Sdhp 87; DA 1.52 (anattha- janano kodho, cp. It 83 and Nd^ 420 Q2); DhA 11.73; PvA 13, 61, 114, 199. — 2. (= attha 3) incorrect sense, false meaning, as adj. senseless (and therefore unprofit- able, no good, irrelevant) A v. 222, 254 (adhammo ca); Dh 100 (= aniyyanad°Ipaka DhA 11.208); Sn 126 (expH- at SnA 180 as ahitaq).

-akkbayin showing what is profitable D 111-187. -attha riches J vi.290 (= atthabhatai) atthai) C). -antara dif- ference between the (two) meanings Miln 158. At Th i, 374, Oldenberg's reading, but the v. 1. (also C. reading) atthandhara is much belter =z he who knows the (cor- rect) meaning, esp. as it coiTesponds with dhamma-dhara (q. v.). -abbisamaya grasp of the proficient S 1.87 (see abhisamaya). -uddbara synopsis or abstract of contents ("matter") of the Vinaya Dpvs v.37. -upaparilckba in- vestigation of meaning, (-|- dhamma-savanna) M III. 175; A III. 381 sq.; IV.221; V.126. -uppatti (atth") sense, meaning, explanation, interpretation J 1.89; DA 1.242; KhA 216; VvA 197, 203 (cp. palito) PvA 2, 6, 78; etc. -kama (adj.) (a) well-wishing, a well-wisher, friend, one who is interested in the welfare of others (cp. Sk. artha- kama, e.g. Bhagavadglta 11.5: gurun arthakaman) S 1.140, 144, 197; A 111.143; D III. 164 (bahuno janassa a., -\- hitakamo); J 1.241 ; Pv iv.3" ; Pv A 25 ; SnA 287 (an°). — (b) one who is interested in his own gain or good, either in good or bad sense (^greedy) S 1.44; PvA 112. — -katha (attha") exposition of the sense, explanation, com- mentary J V.38, 170; PvA I, 7l, etc. freq. in N. of Com. -kara beneficial, useful Vin 111.149; Miln 321. -karana the business of trying a case, holding court, giving judgment (v. 1. atta°) D 11.20; S 1.74 (judgment hall?), -kavi a didactic poet (see kavi) A 11.230. -kamin = °kama, well-wishing Sn 986 (devata atthakamin!). -karaicia (abl.) for the sake of gain D in. 186. -kusala clever in finding out what is good or profitable Sn 143 (= atthacheka KhA 236). -cara doing good, busy in the interest of others, obliging S 1.23 (naranai) =z "working out man's salvation"), -caraka (adj.) one who devotes himself to being useful to others, doing good, one who renders service to others, e. g. an attendant, messenger, agent etc. D 1.107 (= hitakSraka DA 1.276); J 11.87; III. 326; IV.230; VI.369. -cariya useful conduct or behaviour D IU.1S2, 190, 232; A 11.32, 248; IV.219, 364. -nu one who knows what is useful or who knows the (plain or correct) meaning of something (-|- dhammannu) D 111.252; A 111.148; IV.H3 sq. -dassia intent upon the (moral) good Sn 385 (= hilSnupassin SnA 373). -dassimant one who examines a cause (cp. Sk. arthadarsika) J vi.286 (but expld- by C. as "sanha-sukhuma-paiina" of deep in- sight, one who has a fine and minute knowledge), -desana interpretation, exegesis Miln 21 (dhamm"). -dhamma "reason and morality", see above n". 3. °anusasaha one who advises regarding the meaning and application of the Law, a professor of moral philosophy J 11.105; DhAll.71. ^pada a profitable saying, a word of good sense, text, motto A n.189; ni-356; Dh 100. -patUambbida know- ledge of the meaning (of words) combd- with dhamma° of the text or spirit (see above n". 3) Ps 1.132; 11. 150; Vbh 293 sq. -pa^lsagvedin experiencing good D 111.24 1 (4- dhamma°); A 1.151; 111.21. -baddha expecting some good from (c. loc.) Sn 382. -bhanjanaka breaking the

welfare of, hurting DhA 111.356 (paresai) of others, by means of telling lies, musavadena). -majjha of beautiful waist J V.170 (= sumajjha C. ; reading must be faulty, there is hardly any connection with attha; v. 1. atta). •rasa sweetness (or substance, essence) of meaning (-j- dhamma°, vimutti°) Nd^ 466; Ps 11.88, 89. -vasa "de- pendence on the sense", reasonableness, reason, conse- quence, cause D 11.285; ^ '•464; 11.120; 111.150; S 11.202; 111.93; IV.303; V.224: A i.6i, 77, 98; 11.240; 111.72, 169, 237; Dh 289 (= karana DhA 111.435); I' ^9; Sn 297; Ud 14. -vasika sensible It 89; Miln 406. -vasin bent on (one's) aim or purpose Th i, 539. -vadin one who speaks good, i. e. whose words are doing good or who speaks only useful speech, always in comb"- with kala° bhuta" dhamma" D 1.4; 111.175; A 1.204; 11-22, 209; Pug 58; DA 1.76 (expld- as "one who speaks for the sake of reaping blessings here and hereaiter"). -sat]van- nana explanation, exegesis PvA i. -saijbita connected with good, bringing good, profitable, useful, salutary D 1.189; S 11.223; IV.330; V.417; A 111.196 sq., 244; Sn 722 (= hitena sai)hitar| SnA 500); Pug 58. -sandassana determination of meaning, definition Ps 1.105. -siddhi profit, advantage, benefit J 1.402; PvA 63.

Attha^ (nt.) [Vedic asta, of uncertain etym.] home, primarily as place of rest & shelter, but in P. phraselogy abstracted from the "going home", i. e. setting of the sun, as dis- appearance, going out of existence, annihilation, extinction. Only in ace. and as ° — in foil phrases: attbangacchati to disappear, to go out of existence, to vanish Dh 226 (= vinasaq natthibhavai) gacchati DhA 111.324), 384 (= parikkhayai] gacchati); pp. attbangata gone home, gone to rest, gone, disappeared; of the sun (=: set): J 1.175 (atthangate suriye at sunset); PvA 55 (id.) 216 (anatthan- gate s. before sunset) fig. Sn 472 (atthagata). 475 (id.); 1075 (= niruddha ucchinna vinattha anupadi-sesaya nib- bana-dhatuya nibbuta); it 58; Dhs 1038; Vbh 195. -attbagatatta (nt. abstr.) disappearance SnA 409. -attban- gama (atthagama passim) aunihilatioo , disappearance; opposed to samudaya (coming into existence) and syno- nymous wiih nirodha (destruction) D 1.34, 37, 183; S IV.327; A 111.326; Ps 11.4, 6, 39; Pug 52; Dhs 165, 265, 501, 579; Vbh 105. -atthagamana (nt.) setting (of the sun) J 1. 101 (suriyass' atthagamana at sunset) DA 1.95 (=: ogamana). — attba-glmin, in phrase uday^ atthagSmin leading to birth and death (of pan&a): see udaya. -attbai) paleti = attbangacchati (fig.) Sn 1074 (== atthangameti nirujjhati Nd^ 28). — Also atthamita (pp. of i) set (of the sun) in phrase anattharaite suriye before sunset (with anatthangamite as v. 1. at both pass.) DhA 1.86; 111.127. — Cp. also abbhaltha.

Attha^ pres. 2"d pi. of atlhi (q. v.).

Atthata [pp. of attharati] spread, covered, spread over with (— °) Vin 1.265; IV.287; V.I 72 (also °an); A ni.50; PvA 141.

Atthatta (nt.) [abstr. fr. attha'] reason, cause; only in abl. atthatia according to the sense, by reason of, on account of PvA 189 (— ").

Atthara [fr. attharati] a rug (for horses, elephants etc.) D 1.7.

Attharaka [= atthara] a covering J 1.9; DA 1.87. — f. °ika a layer J 1.9; v.280.

Attharaka (nt.) [fr. attharati] a covering, carpet, cover, rug Vin 11.291; A 11.56; in.53; Mhvs 3, 20; 15, 40; 25, 102; ThA 22.

Attharati [a + Stf] 'o spread, to cover, to spread out; stretch, lay out Vin 1.254; V.172; J 1.199; V.II3; VI.428; Dh 1.272. — pp. attbata (q.v.). — Caus. attbarapeti to caused to be spread J v.lio; Mhvs 3, 20; 29, 7; 34, 69.

Atthavant

25

Adasa

Atthavant (adj.) [cp. Sk. anhavant] full of benefit S 1.30; Th I, 740; Miln 172.

Atthara [cp. Sk. astara, fr. attharati] spreading out Vin v. 172 (see kathina). attbaraka same ibid.; Vin 11.87 (covering).

Atthl [Sk. asli, ist sg. asmi; Gr. elfu'-is-Ti , l^t. sum-est; Goth, im-ist; Ags. eom-is E. am-is] to be, to exist. — Pres. Ind. is> sg. asmi Sn 1120, 1143;] 1.151; m-SS, and amhi M 1.429; Sn 694; J 11.153; Pv i.iO''; 11. 8^. — 2nd sg. asi Sn 420; J n.i6o ("si); 111.278; Vv 32*; PvA 4. — 3"i sg. atthi Sn 377, 672, 884; J 1.278. Often used for yd pi. (= sanli), e.g. J 1.280; 11.2: 111.55. — i^' pi. asma [Sk. smah] Sn 594, 595 ; asmase Sn 595, and amha Sn 570; J 11.128. 2nd pi. attba J 11.128; PvA 39, 74 (agat' attha you /laz't come). — yi pi. santi Sn 1077; Nd- 637 (== saijvijjanti atthi upalabbhanli); J 11.353; Pv.\ 7, 22. — Imper. atthu Sn 340; J 1.59; 111.26. — Pot. ist sg. siya [Sk. syam] Pv 11.88, and assarj [Cond. used as Pot.] Sn 11 20; Pv 1.12' (= bhaveyyar) PvA 64). — 2nd sg. siya [Sk. syah] Pv U.8'. — 3fd sg. siya [Sk. syat] D n.154; Sn 325, 1092; Nd' 105 (=janeyya, nibbatteyya) ; J 1.262; PvA 13, and assa D 1.135, 196; n.154; A v.194; Sn 49, 143; Dh 124, 260; Pv 11.3^^; 9-*. — 1^' pi. assu PvA 27. — 3rd pi. assu [cp. Sk. syuh] Sn 532; Dh 74; Pv iv.i'6 (^bhaveyyuq PvA 231). — Aor. is' sg. asii) [Sk. asai)] Sn 284; Pv 1.2' (^ ahosii) PvA 10); 11.3' (= ahosiij PvA 83). — y^ sg. asi [Sk. asit] Sn 994. — 3rd asur) [cp. Sk. Perf. asuh] Pv 11.3^', 13' (ti pi patho for su). — Ppr. 'sat only in loc. sati (as loc. abs.) Dh 146; J 1.150, 263, santa Sn 105; Nd^ 635; J 1.150 (loc. evaq same in this case); 111. 26, and samana (q. v.) J 1.266; iv.138. -bhava state of being, existence, being J 1.222, 290; 11.415; DhA 11.5; IV.217 (atthibhava vS natthibhava va whether there is or not).

Atthika (adj.) [cp. Sk. arthika] I. (to attha') profitable, good, proper. In this meaning the MSS show a variance of spelling either atthika or atthika or atthita; in all cases atthika should be preferred D 1.55 (°vada); M 11.212 (atthita); A 111.219 sq. (idaq atlhikaij this is suitable, of good avail; T atthitai), vv. 11. as above); Sn 1058 (atthita; Nd* 20 also atthita, which at this pass, shows a confusion between attha and a-thita); J v.151 (in def. of atthikatva q. v.); Pug 69, 70 (f atthika, atthita SS; expld- by Pug A V.4 by kalyanaya). — 2. (to attha' 2) desirous of ( — °), wanting, seeking for, in need of (c. instr.) A 11.199 (uday" desirous of increase); Sn 333, 460, 487 (punn"), 987 (dhan" greedy for wealth); J 1.263 ("■^jj" coveting a king- dom); v.ig; Pv 11.228 (bhojan" in need of food); IV. l' (karan°), l^' (khidd° for play), 1" (puiin°); PvA 95 (sasena a. wanting a rabbit), 120; DA 1.70 (atthiks those who like to), -anattbika one who does not care for, or is not satisfied with (c. instr.) J v.460; PvA 20; of no good Th 1, 956 ("of little zeal" Mrs. Rh. D.).

-bhava (a) usefulness, profitableness Pug A v.4. (b) state of need, distress PvA 120.

Atthlkavant (adj.) [atthika + vant] one who wants some- thing, one who is on a certain errand D 1.90 (atthikaq assa atthi ti DA 1.255).

Atthita (f.) [f. abstr. fr. atthi cp. atthibhava] state of being, existence, being, reality M 1.486; S 11. 1 7 (°aii C cva natthitaii ca to be and not to be); 111.135; J v. no (kas- saci atthitai] va natthilar) va janahi see if there is any- body or not); DhsA 394. — Often in abl. atthitaya by reason of, on account of, this being so DhA 111.344 (idam- atthitaya under this condition) PvA 94, 97, 143.

Atthln (adj.) (— °) [Vedic arthin] desirous, wanting anything ; see mant°, vad".

Atthlya (adj.) (— °) [= atthika] having a purpose or end S m.189 (kim° for what purpose?); A v.l sq. (id.), 311

sq.; Th I, 1097 (att° having one's purpose in oneself), 1274; Sn 354 (yad atthiyaq on account of what).

Atra (adv.) [Sk. alra] here; atra atra here & there J 1.414 = IV.5 (in expln- of atriccha).

Atraja (adj.) [Sk. *atma-ja, corrupted form for attaja (see atta) through analogy with Sk. atra "here". This form occurs only in J and similar sources, i. e. popular lore] born from oneself, one's own, appl. to sons, of which there are 4 kinds enumd- , viz. atraja khettaja, dinnaka, antevasika p. Nd'^ 448. — J 1. 135; ill. 103 = Nd' 504; J III.181; V.465; VI.20; Mhvs 4, 12; 13, 4; 36, 57.

Atriccha (adj.) [the popular etym. suggested at JA IV.4 is atra alra icchamana desiring here & there; but see atriccha] very covetous, greedy, wanting too much J 1.414:= IV.4; 111.206.

Atriccha (f) [Sk. •atrptya, a -|- trpt + ya, influenced by Desid. titrpsati, so that atriccha phonetically rather cor- responds to a form *a.-trpsya (cch == psy, cp. P. chSta Sk. psata). For the simple Sk. trpti see tilti (from tap- patl'). According to Kern, but phonetically hardly justifi- able it is Sk. aticcha == ati -f- iccha "too much desire", with r in dissolution of geminated tt, like atraja for attaja. See also atriccha adj. and cp. y F T S. 1884, 69] great desire, greed, excessive longing, insatiability J IV.5, 327.

AtriCChata (f.) [see atriccha] excessive lust J. 111.222.

Atha (indecl.) [Sk. atha, cp. atho] copulative & adversative part. 1. after positive clauses, in enumerations, in the beginning & continuation of a story: and, and also, or; and then, now D 11.2; 111.152, 199 (athaparar] etad avoca); M 1.435; Sn 1006, 1007, 1017; Sn p. 126 (athS- parai] etad avoca: and further, something else); Dh 69, i'9i 377; J "'5^; P^ 11.6*; Pv.\ 3, 8 (atha na and not), 70. — 2. after negative clauses: but M 1.430; Sn 990, 1047; Dh 85, 136, 387; PvA 68. Often combd. with other part., e.g. atba kbo (pos. & neg.) now, and then; but, rather, moreover Vin i.i ; D 1. 141, 167, 174; A v.195; I'^A 79, 221, 251. na-atha kho na neither-nor PvA 28. atha kho pana and yet D 1.139. atha ca pana on the other hand J 1.279. atba va or (after prec. ca), nor (after prec. na) Sn 134; Dh 140, 271; Pv 1.4'; ll.i*. atha va pi Sn 917, 921.

Athabbaoa [Vedic atharvan ; as regards etym. see Walde, Lat. Wtb. under ater] (1) the Atharva Veda DA 1.247 ^ Sn.\ 447 (°veda). — (2) one who is familiar with the (magic formulas of the) Atharvaveda J vi.490 (sSt- habbana = sahatthivejja,with the elephant-healer or doctor). See also Sthabbana.

Atho (indecl.) [Sk. atho, atha + u] copulative and adver- sative part.: and, also, and further, likewise, nay S 1.106;

Sn 43, 155, 647; Dh 151, 234, 423; J 1-83; "■«85; IV.495; It 106; Kh VIII.7; Pv 1V.3'»; PvA 251 (atho ti nipatamatlaq avadharan-atthe va). Also combd with other part., like atho pi Sn 222, 537, 985; Pvii.3"; KhA 166.

Ada (adj.) (— °) [to ad, see adeti, cp. °ga, "tha, °da etc.] eating S iv.195 (kitthida eating corn); J 11.439 (vantada = vantakhadaka C).

Adaka (adj.) = ada J V.91 (puris&daka man-eater).

Adana (nt.) [from adeti] eating, food J v.374 (v.l. modana).

Adasaka (adj.) see dasa.

Adasa [prob. = adaqsa, from dasati to bite, cp. dathS tooth; lit meaning "toothless" or "not biting"] a kind of bird J IV.466.

Adittha

26

Addhana

Adittha [a + dittha, ger. of *dassati] not seeing, without seeing J IV.192 (T. adattha, v. 1. BB na dittha, C. adisva); V.219.

Adinna (pp-) [a + dinna] that which is not given, freq. in phrase adinn' adana (BSk. adaltadana Divy 302) seizing or grasping that whieh is not given to one, i. e. stealing, is the 2nd of the ten qualifications of bad character or sila (dasasila see sila 11.). Vin 1.83 ^a veramanl); D 1.4 (= parassa haranaq theyyai) corika ti vuttaq hoti DA 1.71); 111.68 sq., 82, 92, 181 _sq.; M 1.361; It 63; Kh II., cp. KhA 26. — adinnadayin he who takes what is not given, a thief; stealing, thieving (cp. BSk. adattadayika Divy 301, 418) Vin 1.85; D 1.138; Sdhp 78.

AdU (or adu) (indecl.) [perhaps identical with adur), nt. of pron. asu] part, of affirmation: even, yea, nay; always in emphatic exclamations Vv 62'^ (= udahu VvA 258; v.l. SS. adu) — Pv IV.3I' (adu) = DhA 1.3 1 (T. adu, V. 1. adu); Vv 63' (v.l. adu); J v.330 (T. adu, C. adu; expld. on p. 331 fantastically as adun ca adun ca kam- mat) karohl ti). See also adu.

AdUl) nt. of pron. asu.

Adusaka (adj.) [a + dusaka] innocent J V.143 (= nirapa- radha C); vi.84, 552. f. adusika Sn 312.

AdUSiya ^ adusaka J V.220 (= anaparadha C).

Adeti [Sk. adayati, Caus. of atti, ad to eat, l^t sg. admi = Gr. eSai, Lat. edo; Goth, ilan = Ohg. ezzan ;= E. eat] to eat. Pres. ind. ademi etc. J v. 31, 92, 197, 496; vi.106. pot. adeyya J v. 107, 392, 493.

Adda' [cp. Sk. ardraka] ginger J 1.244 (°singivera).

Adda^ & Adda y^ sg. aor. of *dassati; see ®dassati 2. a.

Adda' (adj.) [Sk. ardra, from rdali or ardati to mell, cp. Gr. 'xfSu to moisten, eipSsc dirt; see also alia] wet, moist, slippery J IV.353; VI.309; Miln 346.

-^valepana "smeared with moisture", i. e. shiny, glit- tering S IV. 1 87 (kutagSra); M 1.86 = Nd^ 99'' (upakariyo). See also addha^.

Addakkhl 3"^ sg. aor. of *dassati ; see *dassati I b.

Addasa 3"* sg. aor. of 'dassati; see *dassati 2 a.

Adda & Addayana at Vbh 371 in def. of.anadariya is either faulty writing, or dial, form or pop. etym. for ada and adayana ; see adariya.

Addayate [v. denom. fr. adda] to be or get wet, fig. to Ije attached to j iv.351. See also alllyati.

Addi [Sk. ardri] a mountain Davs 11.13.

Addita (pp.) [see attita which is the more correct spelling] afflicted, smarted, oppressed] 1. 21 ; 11.407; m.261 ; iv.295 ; V.53, 268; Th I, 406; Mhvs 1, 25; PvA 260; Sdhp 37, 281-

Addha< (num.) [— addha, q. v.] one half, half (°— ) D 1. 166 (°masika); A 11.160 (°masa); J 1.59 (,°yojana); ill. 189 (°masa).

Addha'^ (adj.) [=adda-'', Sk. ardra] soiled, wet; fig. attached to, intoxicated with (cp. sineha) M 11.223 (°a anaddha- bhutai) attanaq dukkhena addhabhaveti he dirties the im- pure self with ill); S iii.i (addhabhuto kayo impure body); J VI. 548 (°nakha with dirty nails, C. pntinakha).

Addhan (in cpds. addha°) [Vedic adhvan, orig. meaning "stretch, length", both of space & time. — Cases: noiii. addha, gtn. diit. addhuno, instr. addhuna, ace. addhanaq, loc. addhani; //. addha. See also addhana] i. (of space)

a path, road, also journey (see cpds. & derivations); only in out sler. phrase J iv.384^v. 137 (pathaddbuno pan- narase va cando, gen. for loc. "addhani, on his course, in his orbit; explJ- at iv.384 by akasa-patha-sankhatassa adtlhnno majjhe Ihito and at v. 137 by pathaddhagato addha-pathe gaganamajjhe thito); Pv ill. 3' (pathaddhani pannarase va cando ; loc. same meaning as prec, expld- at PvA 1 88 by attano pathabhute addhani gaganatala-magge). This phrase (pathaddhan) however is expl^by Kern (Toev. s. v. pathaddu) as "gone half-way", i. e. on fuU-moon-day. He rejects the expl". of C. — 2. (of time) a stretch of time, an interval of lime, a period, also a lifetime (see cpds.); only in huo standard applications viz. (a) as mode of time (past, present & future) in tayo addha three divisions of time (alita, anagata, paccuppanna) D 111.216; I' 53i 7°- (l") '° phrase dighat) addhanai] (ace.) a very long time A 11.