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> PHYTOLOGIA
An international journal to expedite botanical and phytoecological publication
Vol. 55
February 1984 No. |
FEB 2 4 1984
CONTENTS i iNnceuV (ORK ; a WEBER, W. A., New names and combinations, princkpatly \NICAL GARD in the Rocky Mountain flora-IV.. 1.0.0.0... cc cece eee
WEBER, W. A., & WITTMANN, R., Additions to the flora of BE a St ag) Lei pen Oe Re | ae re Le aD 11 ~
MORALES L., G., Una Heliconia nueva de Colombia ................ 147
OCHOA, C., Karyotaxonomic studies on wild Bolivian tuber- earns SOMINUOT: SACD. POO IS 2h ee en kn ss Site epee Whol
MOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. CLXXII1 ..... 41~ MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. XCV ...... 44
MOLDENKE, A. L., Book reviews
Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke
303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 U.S.A.
Price of this number $3.00; for this volume $14.00 in advance or $15.00 after close of the volume; $5.00 extra to all foreign addresses and domestic dealers; 512 pages constitute a complete volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number for free replacement; back volume prices apply if payment is received after a volume is closed.
NEW NAMES AND COMBINATIONS, PRINCIPALLY IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA-—-IV
William A. Weber University of Colorado Museum Campus Box 218, Boulder, CO 80309
The third paper in this series was published in Phytologia 53:187-190. 1983.
A NEW GENUS OF GRASSES FROM THE WESTERN OIL SHALES
ARGILLOCHLOA W. A. Weber, gen. nov. (Poaceae)
Gramen perenne, inflorescentis non secundis, ramis floriferis rigidissimo-divaricatis basalibus 2, spiculis 2-floribus, gluma secundo lemma secundum aequans, lemmatibus sterilibus nullis vel rudimento clavato sterili faciens, a Festuca differt.
Type species: Argillochloa dasyclada (Hackel ex Beal) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Festuca dasyclada Hack. ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2:602. 1875. Derivation from Greek, argillos, clay (in- cluding shale), + chloe, grass.
Festuca dasyclada, until very recently, was known from the type locality (Wasatch Plateau, Emery County, Utah), but field knowledge was nil. Irvine et al. (1978), reporting it from Colo- rado, wrote: "This plant was listed as "possibly extinct" in the "Report on Endangered and Threatened Species of the United States"... Only two vouchers of this taxon exist in major her- baria (US, NY), and mention of the species last occurs in the second edition of Hitchcock's treatment of the grasses...."
This species was reported from Colorado (Irvine, l-c.) from the Upper Parachute Member of the Green River Formation and the Uinta Sandstone throughout Garfield County, Colorado. Recent ac- tivity involving environmental impact research has added a number of localities in Rio Blanco County at altitudes from 2,135-2,580 meters (7,120-9,000 ft.). Argillochloa often occurs abundantly on shaded slopes in mountain shrub communities (e.g. Padus virgin- iana, Juniperus osteosperma, Amelanchier utahensis, Symphoricarpos oreophilus stands), here to the exclusion of Oryzopsis.
The plant is a bunch-grass with a very strong but superficial resemblance to Oryzopsis hymenoides, and occurring near it on the same areas of shale scree slopes. The two grasses seem to have slightly different ecological preferences, however, because stands of Argillochloa are never as ubiquitous as those of Oryzopsis, which commonly colonizes mixed soils of eroding road banks as well as the pure shale slopes.
Argillochloa differs strikingly from Festuca by its rigidly divaricate secondary branches, at the bases of which a strongly- developed convex, often red, pulvinus fills the axils; the spike-
at
2 PY iro Tove Tek Vol. 55, No. 1
lets have an unusually long second glume which equals the second lemma; the spikelets have two fertile florets; the terminal rachilla is either naked or sometimes topped by an early-deciduous sterile rudiment; the lowermost branchlets of the inflorescence are paired; the inflorescence is not at all secund as in Festuca; at maturity the flowering culms commonly break away and behave like tumbleweeds. The habit is extremely unusual for Festuca, at least as it is known in America.
Signe Frederiksen (Univ. of Copenhagen, corresp.) has kindly made a thorough anatomical analysis of Argillochloa and found that, as she expected, "the anatomy is within the variation of the genus Festuca, but the question is how important that observation
is." She continues: "According to Metcalfe (1960: Anatomy of Monocotyledons I. Anatomical evidences concerning genera and species: "....- there is a marked overlap in the characters of
those genera that are generally accepted as being closely related to one another. This seems to indicate that differences between closely related genera, based on leaf characters alone, would be of little taxonomic value.' I would like to turn it around and say that if the morphological characters are strong enough to separate this taxon from Festuca, then resemblance in the anatomy of the leaf blade is of minor significance." Frederiksen was impressed by the morphological divergence of Argillochloa from Festuca noted herein.
I am greatly indebted to Dr. Dieter Wilken, Colorado State University, who has determined the chromosome number, 2n=28 (14 bivalents at metaphase). This is consistent with the basic number of Festuca and allies (x=7) and represents a modal number for many western North American species. Voucher specimen: Wilken 13567 (CS), Rio Blanco Co.: Piceance Creek, 2 mi W of Rio Blanco, 22 Sept. 1979.
NEW COMBINATIONS IN LINUM, SENS. LAT.
ADENOLINUM GRANDIFLORUM (Desf.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Linum grandiflorum Desf., Flora Atlantica 1:278. t. 718. 798i
ADENOLINUM PRATENSE (Norton) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Linum lewisii pratense J. B.- S. Norton, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 12:38, pl.6-. 1902. Rogers (1968), in a review of the yellow-flow- ered species of Linum in western North America, did not concern himself with the generic problem in the genus Linum, sens. lat. Linum is based on the type, Linum usitatissimum L., a blue-flow- ered annual species with linear stigmas and erect flowers and basic chromosome number, x=15. In western North America, the blue-flowered group, Adenolinum Reichenbach (1837), has capitate stigmas and recurved fruiting pedicels, and basic chromosome num- ber x=9. The pale yellow-flowered group consists of two well- defined line, both with x=8, though otherwise cytologically dis- tinct according to Love (corresp.): one, Cathartolinum Rchb. (1837), based on Linum catharticum L., with white petals with
1984 Weber, New names & combinations 3
yellow claws. The other is Rogers' L. schiedeanum complex, which Small (1907) included in his broadly construed Cathartolinum, differing significantly in fruit dehiscence, ovule number, pollen morphology, style morphology, and basic chromosome number x=8, from Mesynium Raf. (1838) (Rogers' L. rigidum group) with a basic chromosome number of x=15. Rogers clearly tabulated these impor- tant differences but declined to divide the genera. Love & Léve recently revived Adenolinum and Mesynium (Love 1982), quite justi- fiably in my opinion. With Adenolinum, Cathartolinum Ss. str., and Mesynium segregated, the L. schiedeanum complex forms a distinct group, but it needs more study before assigning it generic status.
MESYNIUM Raf., Fl. Telluriana 3:33. Nov.-Dec. 1837. A lecto- type should be designated. Of the five species mentioned, M. texanum was new, three others were nom. nuda, and M. mexicanum (H.B.K.) Raf., was a transfer. i propose M. mexicanum be chosen as the lectotype.
MESYNIUM ALATUM (Small) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Catharto- linum alatum Small, N. Am. Fl. 25:81. 1907.
MESYNIUM ARISTATUM (Engelm. in Wisliz.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Linum aristatum Engelm. in Wisliz., Tour Northern Mexico 101. 1848.
MESYNIUM AUSTRALE (Heller) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Linum australe Heller, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 25:627. 1898.
MESYNIUM AUSTRALE ssp. GLANDULOSUM (C. M. Rogers) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Linum australe var. glandulosum Rogers, Sida 1:336. 1964.
MESYNIUM IMBRICATUM (Raf.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Nezera imbricata Raf., New Flora & Bot. North Amer. 4:66. 1838.
MESYNIUM HUDSONIOIDES (Planch.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Linum hudsonioides Planch., Lond. J. Bot. 7:186. 1848.
MESYNIUM PUBERULUM (Engelm. in A. Gray) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Linum rigidum var. puberulum Engelm. in A. Gray, Smithson. Contr. Knowl. 3 (Pl. Wright. 1): 25. 1852.
MESYNIUM SUBTERES (Trel. in A. Gray) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Linum aristatum Engelm. var. subteres Trel. in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 1(1):347. 1897.
MESYNIUM VERNALE (Wooton) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Linum ver- nale Wooton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 25:452. 1898.
ALETES (APIACEAE): AN EXPANDED CONCEPT
Despite the fact that many eminent American botanists have attempted to classify the western North American Apiaceae, several genera remain to some extent artificial. While one complete treatment (Mathias and Constance, 1944-45) has tended to stabilize and reduce a number of generic names, the submergence of some of the old genera has simply served to hide the fact that large ones like Lomatium and Cymopterus are still very heterogeneous, and un- less monographers of some of the allied genera carefully reexamine these large ones for misfits, this situation will likely continue.
4 Peay sOrLeOrGe ras Vols 55/5) Nowe:
The history of classification of the western North American umbels also displays a lack of consideration of the whole organ- ism, its total morphology and habitus, its chemistry, phytogeo- graphy and its ecology--the whole constellation of characters. Too much emphasis, I feel, has been placed on too few.
The genus Aletes is based on Aletes acaulis C- & R., 1888 (Deweya_acaulis Torr.). A revision of this genus was published very recently (Theobald, Tseng and Mathias, 1963). It was under- taken as a result of my rediscovery of Neoparrya lithophila and my suggestion, which they accepted, that Pteryxia_ anisata should be referred to Aletes. I have never been satisfied with the mainten- ance of Neoparrya as a monotypic genus, and recently (Weber 1979) I transferred a second taxon, N. megarrhiza, out of Lomatium, where it was anomalous.
Theobald et al., while they described a few new taxa, did not examine other genera for possible transfers to Aletes. They also deferred study of Pteryxia and implied that they were about to study Cymopterus. They pointed out, however, Cronquist's (1961) expansion of Cymopterus to include two more somewhat discordant elements, Pteryxia and Pseudocymopterus.
Theobald et al. described Aletes as “perennials from slender to thickened alongated roots". This is inaccurate. The struc- tures they refer to are caudices that are covered with marcescent sheathing petiole bases, a critical difference. I would expand their generic concept to include plants with yellow, pale yellow to whitish and exceptionally (as in Pseudocymopterus) purple, flowers. And I would allow for considerable variation in the num- ber, size and disposition of the vittae, and in the compression and development of the lateral and dorsal wings of the mericarps. I agree completely when they say that "the genus is remarkably consistent in its habit and basic leaf pattern". Their monograph is a good starting point, but more bricks need to be laid in order to make the building complete.
Without seriously altering the circumscription provided by Theobald et al-, I regard Aletes as a natural group embodying the following unique constellation of characters:
lle Plants densely caespitose with stout, branched caudices clothed with long-enduring marcescent petiole-bases.
2. Strictly acaulescent (this eliminates Pteryxia terebinthina and C. beckii Welsh & Goodrich, which are always slightly caulescent); these may yet prove to belong to Aletes.
3. Pseudoscapes never developed.
4. Plants strongly scented (anise, citronella, celery).
5. Leaves pinnatifid or pinnate, with pinnae simple or pinnati- fid, usually stiff-textured.
6. Bracteoles always well-developed, lance-linear to linear, dimidiate.
7. Involucre never developed.
1984 Weber, New names & combinations 5
8. Flowers yellow, pale yellow, whitish, or exceptionally purple.
9. Rays subequal, widely spreading, sometimes the outer ones deflexed at maturity.
10. Mericarps with variable development of lateral wings; dorsal ridges often prominent.
12. Mericarps usually trapezoidal in cross-section, not or variably dorsally compressed.
13. Stylopodium none, the styles arising out of the base of a spongy disk (some authors seem to have confused this disk with a low stylopodium).
If, bearing in mind this set of characters, one returns to the standard treatment of North American umbels, several taxa stand out in lLomatium, Pteryxia and Cymopterus as discordant elements. Furthermore, these taxa have always been controversial, placed variously in other discarded genera such as Cynomarathrum, Pseudoreoxis and Pseudopteryxia.
The following new combinations are proposed to bring these taxa into Aletes.
ALETES BIPINNATA (S. Wats.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Pseudo- cymopterus bipinnatus C. & R., Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 75. 1888.
ALETES EASTWOODIAE (C. & R-) W- A. Weber, comb. nov. Cyno- Marathrum eastwoodiae C. & R., Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7:247. 1900.
ALETES HENDERSONII (C. & R.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Pseudo- cymopterus hendersonii C. & R., Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7:190. 1900.
ALETES JUNCEA (Barneby & Holmgren) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Lomatium junceum Barneby & Holmgren, Brittonia 31:96. 1979. Barneby & Holmgren (1979), in recognizing and presenting a key to the "Cynomarathrum species of Lomatium" saw the natural group that I feel is incorrectly placed in Lomatium, but they made no connec- tion with Aletes. They, however, included L. triternatum and L. concinnum, two caulescent species, in the group.
ALETES LATILOBA (Rydb.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Cynomarath- rum latilobum Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 40:73. 1913.
ALETES LITHOPHILA (Mathias) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Neopar- rya lithophila Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16:393. 1929.
ALETES LONGILOBA (Rydb.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Pseudo- pteryxia longiloba Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 40:72. 1913. Mathias, Theobald & Tseng (1964) did not include this taxon in their monograph of Aletes (despite the fact that Rydberg clearly showed its close relationship to P. anisata), probably because Mathias had earlier synonymized it (incorrectly, I feel) under Pteryxia hendersonii. Mathias et al. (1964) declined to discuss Pteryxia. A. longiloba differs from A. anisata chiefly in its more delicate leaf texture and more slender and attenuate leaf segments, but displays the same strong anise scent.
6 Pon YoeTrOrrOnGer vA Vol. 555, Nose
ALETES MEGARRHIZA (A. Nels.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Peuce- danum megarrhizum A. Nels., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 26: 130.=1899.
ALETES MINIMA (Mathias) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Lomatium minimum Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25:273. 1937.
ALETES NIVALIS (S. Wats.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Cymopterus nivalis S. Wats., Bot. King's Exp. 123. 1871.
ALETES NUTTALLII (A. Gray) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Seseli nuttallii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8:287, in part. 1870.
ALETES PARRYI (S. Wats.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Peucedanum parryi S. Wats., Proc. Amer. Acad. 11:143. 1876.
ALETES PETRAEA (M. E. Jones) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Cymop- terus petraeus M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 8:32. 1898.
ALETES SCABRA (C. & R.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Cynomarath- rum scabrum C. & R., Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7:247. 1900.
ASKELLIA, A NEW SEGREGATE OF THE GENUS CREPIS
ASKELLIA W. A. Weber, genus nov. (Asteraceae).
Based on Crepis, Sect. Ixeridopsis Babcock, Univ. —“Cadick. Publ. Bot. 22:212. 1947. Typus: Crepis nana Richardson. This genus, differing morphologically and cytologically from Crepis and Psilochenia (Crepis, sens. lat., cf. Babcock 1938, see Weber 1983), represents an Old World group with a basic chromosome num- ber of x=7. It is named in honor of my friend Askell Léve, stu- dent of Arne Muntzing and Eric Hultén, dean of the Icelandic flora, founder and first president of the International Organiza- tion of Plant Biosystematists. His dedication to the Science of Botany, his encyclopedic memory of botanical information, his un- derstanding of biosystematic, especially cytological, techniques and his exposition of its philosophy, his role in developing the concept of the Flora Europaea and, in its earliest phase, what be- came the Flora North America Project, has earned him lasting re- cognition as one of the outstanding plant taxonomists of our gen- eration. His kindness and support of colleagues and young botan- ists is well-known and appreciated by all who have benefitted from knowing him.
ASKELLIA ALAICA (Krasch.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Crepis alaica Krasch., Tr. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR, ser. 1,1:182. 1933.
ASKELLIA CORNICULATA (Regel & Schmalh.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Crepis corniculata Regel & Schmalh., Izv. Obsc. Ljubit. Estestv. Antrop. Etnogr. 34(2):54. 182.
ASKELLIA ELEGANS (Hook.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Crepis elegans Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1:297. 1834.
ASKELLIA FLEXUOSA (Ledeb.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Prenan- thes polymorpha gamma flexuosa Ledeb., Fl. Altaica 4:145. 1833.
ASKELLIA KARELINII (M. Pop. & Schischk. in Popov) W. A. Weber, comb-nov. Crepis karelinii M. Pop. & Schischk. in Popov, Fl. Almat. zapovedn., Addenda 28:757. 1940.
1984 Weber, New names & combinations 7
ASKELLIA LACTEA (Lipsch.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Crepis lactea Lipsch., Fedde's Repert. 42:159. 1937.
ASKELLIA NANA (Richards.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Crepis nana Richards., Bot. App. Franklin, 1st Jour. ed. 1:746. (p.18 in repr.) 1823; ed. 2:757 (p.29 in repr.). 1823.
ASKELLIA NANA ssp. RAMOSA (Babcock) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Crepis nana ssp. ramosa Babcock, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22:542. fig. 155. +1947.
ASKELLIA SOGDIANA (Krasch.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Youngia sogdiana Krasch., Bot. Mat. Herb. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR 9(4-12):184. 1946.
THE WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN WOODY SAGEBRUSHES
The western North American woody sagebrushes centering about Artemisia tridentata belong to a homogeneous group of similar mor- phology and ecology, differing from all other local Artemisia in having homogamous heads. One additional species was described from southern South America. Related species in Eurasia were segre- gated from Artemisia by Polyakov (1961) based on the type species Seriphidium maritimum (L.) Pol. Artemisia, Section Seriphidium had been proposed for this group by Besser (1829) and accepted by Hooker (1833) for Artemisia cana Pursh. Rouy (1903) treated it as Artemisia, Subgenus Seriphidium. The American species were treat- ed by DeCandolle (1837) as Artemisia, Sect. Seriphidium, subsect. Trifida. This group has been treated exhaustively by Ward (1953). Earlier accounts include those of Rydberg (1916) and Hall & Clem- ents (1923).
The North American members of the genus Seriphidium form a very natural unit and I propose recognizing them as a subgenus under the genus Seriphidium Polyakov.
SERIPHIDIUM, Subgenus TRIDENTATA (McArthur) W. A. Weber, subgenus nov. Based on Artemisia, Subgenus Tridentata {"Tridentatae"] McArthur (1981); Artemisia, subsect. Trifida DC., Prodrs6:105. “1837. Typus: Seriphidium canum (Pursh) W. A. Weber. In this subgenus I include Rydberg's Subgenus Seriphidium of Artemisia, encompassing his Sections Tridentatae, Rigidae and Pygmaeae. McArthur (1981) included only Section Tridentatae Rydb.
SERIPHIDIUM ARBUSCULUM (Nutt. ) Ww. A. Weber, comb. nov. Artemisia arbuscula Nutt., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 7:398. 1841.
SERIPHIDIUM ARBUSCULUM_ ssp. LONGILOBUM (Osterh. ) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Artemisia spiciformis var. longiloba Osterh., Muhlenbergia 4:69. 1908.
SERIPHIDIUM CANUM (Pursh) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Artemisia cana Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 521. 1814.
SERIPHIDIUM CANUM ssp. BOLANDERI (A. Gray) W-. A. Weber, comb. nov. Artemisia bolanderi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19:50. 1883.
8 Pi VUTY OMA OCDE Vol... 55, Noeed
SERIPHIDIUM CANUM ssp. VISCIDULUM (Osterh.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Artemisia cana var. viscidula Osterh., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 26:507. 1900.
SERIPHIDIUM PYGMAEUM (A. Gray) W- A. Weber, comb. nov. Artemisia pygmaea A. Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21:413. 1886.
SERIPHIDIUM NOVUM (A. Nels.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Artemisia nova A. Nels., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 27:274. 1900.
SERIPHIDIUM RIGIDUM (Nutt.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Artemi- sia trifida beta rigida Nutt., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. El. 72398 1841.
SERIPHIDIUM ROTHROCKII (A. Gray) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Artemisia tridentata ssp. rothrockii Hall & Clements, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 326:139. 1923.
SERIPHIDIUM TRIDENTATUM (Nutt.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Artemisia tridentata Nutt., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 7:398. 1841.
SERIPHIDIUM TRIDENTATUM ssp. PARISHII (A. Gray) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Artemisia parishii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17:220. 1882.
SERIPHIDIUM TRIDENTATUM ssp. VASEYANUM (Rydb.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Artemisia vaseyana Rydb., N. Amer. Flora 34:283. 1916.
SERIPHIDIUM TRIDENTATUM ssp. WYOMINGENSE (Beetle & Young) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis Beetle & Young, Rhodora 67:405. 1965.
SERIPHIDIUM TRIPARTITUM (Rydb.-) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Artemisia tripartita Rydb.-, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1:432. 1900. trifida Nutt., 1841, non Turcz. 1832.
Artemisia bigelovii A. Gray bears a strong superficial resem- blance to Seriphidium, Subg. Tridentata, but Hall & Clements, and Ward, considered it to belong to Artemisia, Sect. Abrotanum. Shultz (1983, ined.) brings further evidence to bear toward this conclusion.
Artemisia mendozana DC., Prodromus 6:105. 1837, was included in the Subsect. Trifida by DeCandolle and presumably belongs in Seriphidium, but not having seen any material I hesitate to trans- fer it at this time.
Artemisia palmeri A. Gray, included by Ward, and Hall & Clem- ents under Sect. Seriphidium remains anomalous, differing by its chaffy receptacle, elongate herbaceous branches, bicolored, deeply incised leaf-blades suggestive of A. vulgaris, and nearly equal phyllaries. I lean toward retaining Artemisiastrum Rydberg for this monotype.
MISCELLANY
ACROLASIA THOMPSONII (Glad) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Ment- zelia thompsonii Glad, Madrono 23:289. 1976.
BROMELICA BULBOSA (Geyer ex Porter & Coulter) W. A. Weber, comb. nov- Melica bulbosa Geyer ex Porter & Coulter, Syn. Fl.
1984 Weber, New names & combinations 9
Colo. p- 149. 1874. The articulation of the spikelets above the glumes, the lack of tendency of the spikelets to nod, and the world distribution patterns of Melica typified by M. nutans L. according to Tzvelev (1976) and Bromelica (Boyle, 1945), suggest that these groups represent different phyletic lines.
BROMELICA SPECTABILIS (Scribn.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Melica spectabilis Scribn., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 37:45. 1885.
DELPHINIUM RAMOSUM Rydb. var. ALPESTRE (Rydb.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Delphinium alpestre Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 29:146. 1902.
IPOMOPSIS STENOTHYRSA (A. Gray) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Gilia stenothyrsa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8:276. 1870.
NUTTALLIA ARGILLOSA (Darlington) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Mentzelia argillosa Darlington, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 21:153. 1934.
NUTTALLIA REVERCHONII (Urb. & Gilg) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Mentzelia pumila (Nutt.) T. & G. var. reverchonii Urb. & Gilg, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. [Abh. K. Leop.-Carol. Deutsch. Akad. Naturf.] 76:94. 1900. Mentzelia reverchonii Thompson & Zavortink, Wrightia 4:24. 1968.
OLIGOSPORUS CAMPESTRIS (L.) Cass. ssp. CAUDATUS (Michx.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Artemisia caudata Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 2:129. 1803. The genus Oligosporus was proposed by Cassini for those groups of Artemisia with staminate disk flowers (Section Dracunculus of Hall & Clements, 1923).
OLIGOSPORUS CAMPESTRIS (L.) Cass. ssp. PACIFICUS (Nutt.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Artemisia pacifica Nutt-, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 7:401. 1841.
OLIGOSPORUS FILIFOLIUS (Torr. ) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Artemisia filifolia Torr., Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2:211. 1828.
OLIGOSPORUS PEDATIFIDUS (Nutt.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Artemisia pedatifida Nutt., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 11. 7:399. 1841.
PACKERA OODES (Rydb.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Senecio oodes Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 33:158. 1906.
VITICELLA ORIENTALIS (L.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Clematis orientalis L., Sp. Pl. 543. 1753.
CORRECTIONS
In a previous paper (Weber & Love 1981), inadvertent errors were made concerning the following new combinations and their basionyms. I am indebted to Dr. T. M. Barkley for drawing them to my attention.
Packera cana f. eradiata (D. C. Eaton) Weber & Ldve, comb. mov. Senecio canus var. eradiatus D. C. Eaton in S. Wats., Bot. King's Expl. 190. 1871.
Packera cymbalarioides (Buek) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio cymbalarioides Buek, Index DC. Prodr. 2:6. 1840.
10 Pel et OFLWOrGerrA: Vol. 55; Now
Packera rosei Weber & Love, based on Senecio rosei Greenman sine diagn. is a nomen nudum.
LITERATURE CITED
Airy-Shaw, H. K. 1966. de (Co Willis, AY Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and Ferns, 7th Ed. Cambridge.
Babcock, E. V., & G. Le Stebbins, Jr. 1938. The American species of Crepis: their interrelationships and distribution as affected by polyploidy and apomixis. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. No. 504:1-119. 34 fig. 12 tab.
Babcock, E. B. 1947. The genus Crepis. Parts) a, ale Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 21-22:1-1030.
Barneby, Rupert C., & Noel H. Holmgren. 1979. A new species of Lomatium (Apiaceae) from Utah. Brittonia 31:96-100.
Besser, W.S.J.G. 1829. De Seriphidiis seu de Sectione II-a Artemisiarum. Bull. Soc. Bot. Moscou 2 (p.- 222).
° 1834. Tentamen de Abrotanis seu de Sect- tione II-a Artemisiarum. Mem. Soc. Nat. Moscou 3 (p. 5).
Boyle, W. S. 1945. A cyto-taxonomic study of the North American species of Melica- Madrono 8:1-26.
Candolle, A. P. de. 1837. CDXCIX. Artemisia Linn. Prodro- mus 6:93-127.
Hall, Harvey M., & Frederic E. Clements. 1923. The phylo- genetic method in taxonomy: the North American species of Arte- misia, Chrysothamnus, and Atriplex. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 326:i-iii, 1-355. 58 plates.
Hooker, W. J. 1833. Flora Boreali-Americana 1:325.
Irvine, James R., Neil E. West, & A. H. Holmgren. 1978. Rediscovery of Festuca dasyclada and range extensions of Astraga- lus lutosus and Ceanothus martinii in Colorado. Southwestern Nat. 23: 156-157.
King, Robert M., & Helen W. Dawson (eds.). 1975. Cassini on Compositae. 3 vols. (reprint). Oriole Editions. New York.
Love, Askell. 1982. IOPB chromosome number reports LXXV: reports by Askell Love and Doris Love. Taxon 31:344-360.
Mathias, M. E., & Lincoln Constance. 1944-45. Umbelliferae. North American Flora 28B:43-295.
McArthur, E. D-, Ce. Le Pope, & D. C. Freeman. 1981. Chromo- somal studies of subgenus Tridentatae of Artemisia: evidence for autopolyploidy. Amer. J. Bot. 68:589-605.
Polyakov, P. P. 1961. Materialy k sistematike roda polyin-- Artemisia L. Trudy Inst. Bot. AN Kazakhskoy SSR 11:134-177.
Rogers, C. M. 1968. Yellow-flowered species of Linum in Central America and western North America. Brittonia 20:107-135.
Shultz, Leila M. 1983. Systematics and anatomical studies of Artemisia Subgenus Tridentatae. Ph.D. Thesis, Claremont.
Small, John Kunkel. 1907. Linaceae, in North American Flora 25(1):67-87.
1984 Weber, New names & combinations iG
Theobald, William L., Charles S. Tseng, & Mildred E. Mathias. 1964. A revision of Aletes and Neoparrya (Umbelliferae). Brit- tonia 16:296-315.
Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Poaceae URSS. Editio "Nauk", Lenin- grad. 788 pages.
Ward, George H. 1953. Artemisia, Section Seriphidium, in North America: a cytotaxonomic study. Contr. Dudley Herb. 4:155- 205. Fig. 1-13.
Weber, W. A. 1983. New names and combinations, principally in the Rocky Mountain Flora--III. Phytologia 53:187-190.
, & Askell Love. 1981. New combinations in the genus Packera (Asteraceae). Phytologia 49:44-50.
ADDITIONS TO THE FLORA OF COLORADO-—-X
William A. Weber & Ronald Wittmann University of Colorado Museum Campus Box 218, Boulder, CO 80309
The last number of this series was published in Phytologia 53:191-193. 1983. Three-letter family acronyms are used, follow- ing Weber (1982).
NEW RECORDS FOR COLORADO INDIGENOUS TAXA
ASTRAGALUS RAFAELENSIS Jones, Rev. Astrag. 146, Pl. 30. 1923 (FAB). MONTROSE CO.: between Rock Creek and Mesa Creek, Dolores River Canyon, 11 mi N of Uravan, 28 May 1982, Ratzloff (COLO 381859), Uravan, SW of river, NE-facing slope above highway. 20 May 1982, J. Anderson (COLO 387588), 4 mi W of Uravan, Hwy. 141, 1 May 1982, Cudlip 43, S side of Dolores River just before bridge crossing to main highway, 29 May 1982, Weber & Wittmann 10683 (det. Barneby).
GILIA CLOKEYI H. L. Mason, Madrono 6:202. 1942 (PLM). MESA €O.: Grand Mesa between Lands End road and N Fork Kannah Cr., 23-24 May 1981, Siplivinsky 983, 1023; NE of DeBeque, 25 May 1979, Weber et al 1899; 16 km NW of Mack, 25 May 1976, Cronguist 11430. MONTROSE CO.: Roubideau Canyon, 25 May 1978, Johnston et al 21566.
GILIA TRIODON Eastwood, Zoe 4:121. 1983 (PLM). MESA CO.: Grand Junction, Eastwood (COLO 30505); Redlands Road, 17 May 1978, Weber 15322. MOFFAT CO.: Indian Rock, ca. 3 km NNE of Sunbeam, 23 May 1978, Peterson et al 460; 28 mi SE Greystone, 16 June 1978, Weber & Wingate 15403. MONTEZUMA CO.: 22 mi SW of Towaoc, 7 June 1952, Weber 7645. All of these collections had been passing as
Gilia leptomeria A. Gray.
12 PH Yer 0} LyOuG ries Vol. 555) Nowe
GILIA TWEEDYI Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 31:634. 1905 (PLM). MOFFAT CO.: ridge separating Conway from Vermilion drain- age, between Greystone and Gates of Lodore, 26 June 1965, Weber & Salamun 12616.
LESQUERELLA ARENOSA (Rich.) Rydb. var. ARGILLOSA Rollins & Shaw, Genus Lesquerella in North America, p. 178-179. 1973 (BRA). LOGAN CO.: clay ridges NE of Julesburg (Jumbo) Reservoir, at top of grade crossed by Road 93, N of the Platte River, 1,200 msm, 21 May 1983, Weber & Wittmann 16627, 16635 (flowers), 9 July 1983, R. C. Wittmann 2262 (fruits). Known previously from the Black Hills of South Dakota, Wyoming and Nebraska.
RIBES DIVARICATUM Dougl., Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7:515. 1830 (GRS). BOULDER CO.: Pine Glade School, 22 Aug. 1907, Ramaley 3744; Boulder, April 1908, Ramaley 4680; PARK CO.: upper Buckskin Cr. above Alma, 11,000 ft., 30 Aug. 1940, Ewan 12671. ROUTT CO.: Steamboat Springs, July 1891, Eastwood (COLO 38542). SUMMIT CO.: Blue River Valley 8 mi N of Silverthorne, 2,600 msm, 22 June 1982, Weber & Wittmann 16193. These sheets were determined by Quinn Sinnott, 1982, and had been previously misidentified as R. inerme Rydb.
SCUTELLARIA RESINOSA Torr., Ann. Lyc.e Ne Y. 2:232. 1828 (LAM). MONTROSE CO.: above Colorado Hwy. 90 less than 2 miles from the Utah State line; below sandstone cliffs, 1,830 msm, 24 May 1979, D. Le. & M. Le Denham 74003. This collection presents a distributional anomaly, since according to Epling (1942), S. resi- nosa does not occur west of western Nebraska and Texas. Geograph- ically, one more likely would expect S. potosina Brandegee, but even here the disjunction is rather major, from central Arizona and southwest New Mexico. I therefore tend to suspect that the plant has been accidentally introduced into western Colorado through earth-moving equipment, but more field observations should be made to determine whether the plant still survives, what the population size is, and the specific nature of the habitat.
ADVENTIVE TAXA
ADENOLINUM GRANDIFLORUM (Desf.) W. A. Weber (LIN). BOULDER CO.: Boulder Mountain Parks, junction of Mesa Trail and Enchanted Mesa Trail; re-seeded area in Pinus ponderosa groves, 1,600 msm, 15 July 1983, R. C. Wittmann 2265. This species, an annual with brilliant red flowers, has been established for many years in California and evidently has come in with "native seed" mixtures used in reclaiming beetle-killed pine land.
RE-EVALUATIONS
HEDYSARUM ALPINUM L. (FAB) was reported for the Gunnison Basin (GN: Needle Creek Valley, Barrell & Spongberg 70-66) by Barrell (1969, p. 269). Two specimens were deposited in US, one of these since transferred to COLO. We have examined them, and
1984 Weber & Wittmann, Flora of Colorado 13
find that were misidentified. They represent Astragalus bisulca- tus (Hook.) A. Gray ssp- bisulcatus. The plants lack mature fruit but the flowers have typical curved Astragalus keels and lack the characteristic stipules of Hedysarum.
REFERENCES
Barrell, Joseph. 1969. Flora of the Gunnison Basin: Gunni- son, Saguache and Hinsdale counties. Natural Land Institute, Rockford, IL.
Epling, Carl. 1942. The American species of Scutellaria. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 20:1-146.
Weber, William A. 1982. Mnemonic three-letter acronyms for the families of vascular plants: a device for more effective herbarium curation. Taxon 31:74-88.
UNA HELICONIA NUEVA DE COLOMBIA
Gustavo Morales L. Apartado Aéreo 1283, Popayan, Colombia
El presente trabajo reporta el hallazgo de una nueva especie del género Heliconia, de material coleccionado al sur del Departamento del Huila en el Valle de Laboyos. Para el sistema de medidas e ilustraciones se ha mantenido el mismo patr6én que se utilizé en publicaciones anteriores ( Abalo & Morales L., 1982; Abalo & Mora- les L., 1983 ). Todas las medidas e ilustraciones estan basadas en material vivo.
Debido al gran nimero de especies encontradas, se hicieron inten- tos para establecer un banco de germoplasma en Colombia, pero no fué posible continuarlo por carencia de recursos y por falta de instituciones nacionales que contemplen la instauraciGén de este tipo de programas.
Heliconia abaloi Morales, sp. nov.
Planta musoitdes. Pseudocaulis 1.5 - 2.3 m altus. Pettolus 45 - 140 em longus. Lamtna 110 - 170 em longa, 24 - 40 cm lata. Inflores- centta pendula. Pedunculus ruber, pubescens. Rachts rubra, pubes- cens. Spathae rubrae, aureomarginatae, distichae, reflexae. Pert- anthtum Lluteun, gtbbosum, 4.5 - 5.0 cam longum. Pedicellus laete pubescens. Ovartun luteolun. Rudimentum aristotdes adest.
Planta musoide. Pseudotallo 1.5 - 2.3 m. Hojas 5 - 6, peciolo 45 - 140 cm de largo, glabro; lamina 110 - 170 cm de largo por 24 - 40 cm de ancho, base inequilatera semicordada, Aapice obtuso. Inflores cencia péndula, 55 - 120 cm de largo; pedinculo y raquis rojos con pubescencia marr6én, pediinculo 15 - 35 cm de largo; raquis 40 - 85 em de largo. Espatas externamente rojas con el borde amarillo, in- ternamente rojo - naranja, 13 - 20 por inflorescencia, ligeramente pubescentes en la base, el resto glabro, borde involuto en la par- te inferior y ondulado hacia el Aapice, reflexas, disticas aunque la inflorescencia experimenta una rotaci6én por presidn entre espa- tas al reflexionarse; la primera espata basal estéril o fértil, 12 - 24 cm de largo por 3.5 - 4.0 cm de ancho; espatas medias 8.5 - 13.5 cm de largo por 3.5 - 4.5 cm de ancho en la parte media. Bracteas amarillo claro, carinadas, pubescentes exteriormente, 4.- - 6.0 cm de largo por 2.0 - 2.3 cm de ancho en la parte media 14
1984
Morales L., Una Heliconia nueva
yf
HELICONIA ABALOI
15
16 Rela Yo-L OSL OrGeieA Volks 55/5) Nowe
y extendidas. En algunas espatas entre la segunda y tercera brac- teas puede aparecer un rudimento aristiforme amarillo, muy pubes- cente, 4.0 - 7.5 cm de largo. Flores 12 - 15 por espata; perianto amarillo, giboso, 4.5 - 5.0 cm de largo, sépalos pubescentes en los bordes y lineas del dorso, pétalos glabros; estaminodio amari- llo claro, lanceolado de 4pice agudo, 0.6 cm de largo por 0.15 cm de ancho en la parte media; ovario amarillo claro, glabro; pedice- lo amarillo claro con pubescencia marrén, 1.3 - 2.0 cm de largo. Frutos amarillos, azules al madurar; pedicelos de los frutos
3.0 - 4.0 cm de largo.
Observaciones: A pesar de ser una Heliconia sin especies afines, Heltconia dielstana Loes. es una de las especies mas cercanas, pero se distingue facilmente ya que ésta posee entre otras diferencias espatas espiraladas, mas largas y delgadas en la parte media y borde de la espata revoluto.
Tipo: Gustavo Morales & José Abalo 263, 18 Agosto 1981, Colombia, Departamento Huila, Pitalito, 9 Km via La Mesa de Elias, altura 1380 msm. ( COL, holotipo; MY, US, isotipos )
Esta especie, una de las mas atractivas, esta dedicada a José Eduardo Abalo, quien ha hecho loables esfuerzos por establecer
un cultivo para conservaci6n de germoplasma de Heliconias y prote- ger asi algunas especies que se encuentran en peligro de extinci6n; ha permitido el incremento de las colecciones de Heltcontas princi- palmente en el Neotrépico; ha facilitado ejemplares de herbario a numerosas instituciones y trabajado como coautor en varios articu- los sobre nuevas especies de Heltcontas.
Habitat: Zonas de precipitacién media. Suelos arcillosos con alto
contenido de materia organica. Sitios semi-abiertos. Te- rrenos planos con tendencia a anegarse.
LITERATURA CITADA
Abalo, J. E. & Morales L., G. 1982. Veinticinco ( 25 ) Heltcontas Nuevas de Colombia. Phytologia 51 (1) 1 - 61
Abalo, J. E. & Morales L., G. 1983. Doce ( 12 ) Heltcontas Nuevas del Ecuador. Phytologia 52 (6) 387 - 413
KARYOTAXONOMIC STUDIES ON WILD BOLIVIAN
TUBER-BEARING SOLANUM, SECT. PETOTA. lI.
C. Ochoa*
The wild tuber-bearing Solanum from Bolivia are one of the least known groups of the Sect. Petota, subsect. Potatoe. Here, the author gives some results of his studies, including field observations of mor- phology and habitat, geographical distribution, and chromosome number counts. Extensive examination of material deposited in European and North and South American herbaria was also made. The species have been grouped into seven series, and the synonyms are given for each species. The synonyms cited here are only the ones identified for each species within the Bolivian territory.
i SER TESS AGAUIUAY JUZie 5) BUI ACAd SC. HU RSs oes ser. Biol. 2:316. 1937, nom. nud.; ex Buk. & Kameraz, Bases of Potato Breeding, 21, 1959.
1. Solanum acaule Bitt., Repert. Sp. Nov. 11:391-393, TOU.
S. acaule var. subexinterviuptum Bitt., Repert. Sp. Nov. 11:393-394, 1912.
S. acauke var. caulescens Bitt., Repert. Sp. Nov. 12:453-454; 1913.
S. uyunense Card., Bol. Soc. Peruana Bot. 5: 53-355 L9DGr
* Department of Taxonomy, International Potato Center, PO. Box 59695 Lima; Peru. uy
18
POuNY TO} Lsoue 170A Vol. 55, No. 1
The variability of this species has led to the naming of new entities in specific and intraspecific levels. Apparently, its natural crossability with other species across a wide geographical distribution (Argentina, Bolivia and Peru) has contributed to this diversity. All of the living collections of S. acaule made by the author in Bolivia have 2n=4x=48 chromo- somes.
II. SERIES CIRCAEIFOLIA Hawkes, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist SET ay i250 si OZ eLOD the
2. Solanum cincaertfolium Bitt. Repert. Sp. Nov. 11:385-386, 1912.
Plant delicate, stem slender, long stolones and small white tubers, leaves glabrous or glabrescent to finely pubescent with simple blade or odd-pinnate with 1-2(-3) pairs of lateral leaflets. Flower white, corolla stellate to substellate. Fruit long-conic of acute apex. Distribution: From the surroundings of Sorata, 2650m, alt. in the department of La Paz, northwest Bolivia, towards the heights of Choro-Ayopaya, 3900m alt. in the department of Cochabamba and the vicinities of Valle Grande in the department of Santa Cruz, central-south Bolivia, mostly in cloud forest and scrub vegetation, in the shade of thickets or among rocks or stony soil on steep brush slopes. Chromo- some number 2n=2x=24. This species is divided into the following varieties:
2a. Solanum cireaerfolimm var. cincarfolium
Plant up to 70cm tall, stem slender, weakly ascending, usually glabrous, flexuous, simple or branched; leaf rather long petiolate, usually glabrous, rarely glabrescent, simple or little dissected with
1984
Ochoa, Karyotaxonomic studies
1-2 of very small lateral folioles and no interjected leaflets; pedicel somewhat puberulent articulated
well above or near the middle, calyx slightly puberu- lent, style densely papillose on the lower half, fila- ments glabrous.
2b. Solanum circaeifolimm var. capsicibaccatum (Card.)
Ochoa comb. nov.
Solanum capsicribaccatum Card., Rev. Agr. Cocha- bamba, 2:35-36, 1944.
Compared with typical variety, var. capsict- baccatum has more and finer pubescent leaves, always with 1 or 2 pairs of lateral leaflets, narrower and longer elliptic folioles, style papillose or some- times with scattered short hairs on lower half. This variety also has greater geographical and ecological distribution than var. circaeifolimm. Chromosome number: 2n=2x=24.
3b. Solanum cincaeifolium var. Latifoliolatum (Ochoa)
Ochoa comb. nov.
Solanum cincaeifoliam §. Lobatum Corr., Wrightia 22 L/L, ALI6L
Solanum capsictbaccatwm Card. var. latifoliolatun Ochoa, Phytologia 50(3):181-182, 1982.
With a large and very widely elliptic lanceolate terminal foliole and more well dissected leaves, 2-3 lateral pairs, very rarely as many as four pairs, pubescent, coarse hairs, mainly in the upper surface of the leaflets. Restricted to the Quime region in the province of Inquisivi in the department of La Paz. Chromosome number: 2n=2x=24.
19
20
PH Yon OLS OrG ri SAS Vol. 55, No.
IIL. SERIES COMMERSONIANA Buk., Bull. Acad. Sci. U.R.S.C., ser. Biol. 2:714. 1938, nom. nud.; ex Buk. & Kameraz, Bases of Potato Breeding 19, 1949.
SERIES GLABRESCENTIA Buk., Problemy Bot. 2, 1955 nom. nud.; ex Buk. & Kameraz, Bases of Potato Breeding 19, 1959.
SERIES TARIJENSA Corr., Tex. Res. Found. Contrib. 432555029602.
SERIES YUNGASENSA Corr., Tex. Res. Found. Contrib. 4:220-222, 1962.
3. Solanum berthauktit Hawkes, Bull. Imp. Bur. Plant Breed. & Genet., Cambridge, 122, 1944.
Plants tall, branched, light green, very glandu- lous and pubescent. Corolla pentagonal to substellate from white or whitish to pale violet-blue. More close- ly related to S. tarijense than to any other species. Mostly in dry valleys of the eastern slopes of the Cordillera of Cochabamba or Tunari, towards Aiquile and Sucre, 2000-2800m alt., among Acacias and Schinus or in brushy mountain slopes and stony clayey soils. Chromosome number: 2n=2x=24.
Prof. J.G. Hawkes has postulated that the proba- ble origin of S. berthaultii is from a hybridization between S. tartijense and some blue-flowered mountain species from the Tuberosa series. However, up until now, it has not been possible to satisfactorily repro- duce artificial hybrids similar to S. berthaulti, even when using S. tatijense in crosses with S. spar- SApAhum,
1
1984 Ochoa, Karyotaxonomic studies
4. Solanum chacoense Bitt., Repert. Sp. Nov. 11:18, July, 1912.
S. caiptpendense Card., Bol. Soc. Peruana Bot. 5(1-3):35-36, 1956.
S. cuevoanum Card., Bol. Soc. Peruana Bot. 5(1-3):36-37, 1956.
S. amezkt Card., Bol. Soc. Peruana Bot. 5(1-3): 37-40, 1956.
S. chacoense §. catpipendense (Card.) Corr., Wrightia 2:172, 1961.
Plants up to lm or more tall in shade and thick- ets, and 15-20cm tall in open fields. Leaves usually with 4-5 lateral pairs. Corolla stellate or sub- stellate to pentagonal, pure white to yellowish or white with mauve acumens; small calyx with very short, almost apiculate, acumens. Fruits globose to ovate, light green spotted with small white spots.
Solanum chacoense is a highly variable species. Therefore, many taxa of different ranks have been created which has greatly confused its taxonomy. It is also the most widely distributed tuber-bearing species after S. acaule and has been found as a weed in many different places in Argentina, Brazil, Para- guay, Uruguay and southern Bolivia.
Although triploid forms of S. chacoense have been reported, the material collected by the author in Bolivia is exclusively diploid, 2n=2x=24 chromosomes.
5. Solanum tarijense Hawkes, Bull. Imp. Bur. Pl. Breed. & Genet., Cambridge, 114-115, 1944.
Solanum zudantense Card., Bol. Soc. Peruana Bot., 5:31-32, 1956.
2
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PHY 0) LyOvGaik A Vol. 55, Noone
Solanum trigalense Card., Bol. Soc. Peruana Bot., 5:41-42, 1956.
Solanum berthauktik §. zudanense (Card.) Corr., Wrigthia 2:184, 1961.
Plants of 60-80cm tall, aromatic, pubescent and puberulent, glandular. Leaves with 3-4 lateral pairs and several to many interstitial leaflets. Corolla stellate to substellate or pentagonal, always white or creamy white, calyx with long acumens. Fruit glo- bose, green with scattered white spots.
Habitat is mostly in low, dry valleys with Acacia and Schinus trees associated with herbs in sandy loam soil. Between 2500-300m alt. Distribution: from the southeast of Cochabamba, Bolivia, to Catamarca Province in northern Argentina. All of the living material of S. tartijense collected by the author with- in the Bolivian boundary have 2n=2x=24 chromosomes.
5a. Solanum tarijense var. pojoense (Card.) Corr., Wrightia 2:173, 1961.
Solanum vallegrandense Card., Bol. Soc. Peruana Bote, S223 mode
Solanum vallegrandense var. pofoense Card., Bol. Soc. Peruana Bot. 5:24, 1956.
Plants less vigorous than in the typical species, smaller and fewer dissected leaves, corolla stellate, only creamy white, calyx also smaller in the typical species. Distribution: mainly in Santa Cruz and Tarija, Bolivia, up to the Province of Salta in north Argentina. Chromosome number: 2n=2x=24.
1984
Ochoa, Karyo taxonomic studies 23
6. Solanum yungasense Hawkes, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist?>? servel2397269727.1954.
Plant glabrous to sparsely pubescent, erect or decumbent nearly up to 2m tall; stem slender to stout, usually branched, widely winged, wings straight or sinuous; tubers white, 3.0-4.0cm long and 2.0-2.5cm thick. Leaves light green, long and narrow with 6-7 pairs of lateral leaflets narrowly lanceolate, few small interstitial leaflets. Corolla deeply stellate, 2.0-2.5cm diameter with narrow and long lobes. Fruit globose, light green, 1.5cm in diameter.
This species lives in a similar ecological area as Solanum violacetmaunorzatum of the Conicibaccata series, but both are quite different. Habitat: in tropical or subtropical forests where the rainfall is abundant and the temperature varies from mild to rather warm. Distribution: from Nor Yungas of La Paz to the tropical region near Tambopata River in the Peruvian Department of Puno at 1300-1800m alt. where this species has been identified by the author for the first time. The ploidy level varies from 2n=2x=36 chromo- somes.
7. Solanum $§Lavoviridens Ochoa, Am. Pot. Journal 57(8) :387-390, 1980.
Plant vigorous, broadly spreading, stout, green- ish-yellow, very glandulous, nearly 1m tall. Stem robust, erect, simple or branched, pilose. Leaves covered with dense, simple and glandular hairs as in Solanum berthaultii. Corolla substellate to pentagonal, white or creamy white. Fruit globuse. Growing at edges of forests or thickets in the tropical regions of Camata, 1600-1800m alt., in the Province of Saavedra, Department of La Paz.
24
ist vd Abe(O)eity (0) (CeIn YA Vol’. 55; Nowe!
This species seems to be of a hybrid origin, involving species of the series Commersoniana. If such would be the case, the progenitors could be S. yungasense crossed with a white-flowered form of S. berthauktii, or perhaps some unknown species, since the locality of S. berthaultii is distant and quite unlike the habitat of S. 4lavoviridens. Until further information is obtained, we prefer to main- tain S. flavoviridens as it is.
8. Solanum Lritusinum Ochoa, Phytologia 48(3):229- 237 Osis
Plant up to Im tall, erect; stem usually branched, sparsely pilose, winged. Leaves with few glandular hairs, 2-3 pairs of lateral folioles and 0-2 small in- terjected leaflets. Calyx light green, pubescent, with acuminate lobules. Corolla stellate, purple. Fruit globose to ovate, green. Growing in subtropical regions below 2000m alt. in low, rather dry, stony ravines near river banks of La Playa in the Province of Valle Grande, Department of Santa Cruz. Chromo- some number: 2n=2x=24.
IV. SERIES CONICIBACCATA Bitt., Repert. Sp. Nov. 11: 381, 1912.
SERIES OXYCARPA Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club SILRAWAG L745 LC ph
9. Solanum violacetimaumonatum Bitt., Repert. Sp. Nov. ILigskeio. ISA,
Sokanum violaceimuunorzatum var. papillLosum Hawkes, Bull. Imp. Bur. Pl. Breed. & Genet. Cambridge 12, 14, 113, 1944.
1984
Ochoa, Karyotaxonomic studies 25
Plant up to 2-3m tall, stem slender, flexuous, often densely mottled with light purple, glabrous or slightly puberulent. Leaves pubescent, 2-4 pairs of lateral leaflets, and 0-4 interjected leaflets. Corolla rotate to rotate-pentagonal 2-3cm in diameter, bright purple to violet, calyx lcm long, glabrous to glabrescent. Fruit long conical with obtuse apex, 2.0-2.5cm long, pure green. Growing in cloudy forest, thickets, near streams, clearings of woods at 1800 to 3600m alt. Distribution: from Unduavi, Nor Yungas of La Paz up to Colomi and Incachaca in the Province of Chapare, Department of Cochabamba. In my opinion, S. viokaceimarmoratum is quite different from the southern Peruvian species S. buesr1, S. santolallae and S. wtubambae, as well as from S. laxissimum of central Peru. Chromosome number: 2n=2x=24.
V. SERIES CUNEOALATA Hawkes, Bull. Imp. Bur. Pl. Breed. & Genet., Cambridge 118, 1944.
10. Solanum infundibuliforme Phil., Anal. Mus. Nac. Chitte, “2nd eda Bat... 655. LSol-
Solanum ingundibuli forme var. angustepinnatum Bitt., Repert. Spec. Nov. 11:388, 1912.
Solanum platypterum Hawkes, Bull. Imp. Bur. Plant Breed. & Genet., Cambridge, 118, 1944.
Solanum microphyllum Hawkes, Bull. Imp. Bur. Plant Breed. & Genet., Cambridge, 118, 1944 (not S. microphyllLum Dun., 1813).
Solanum glanduliferuwn Hawkes, Bull. Imp. Bur. Plant Breed. & Genet., Cambridge 118-119, 1944.
Solanum pinnatifidum Card., Rev. Agric., Cocha- bamba 2(2):33, 1944 (not S. pinnatifidwn Lam., 1797; not Ruiz and Pavon, 1799).
PUR Ys? PO OG. kA Vol. 55, No. 1
Solanum xerophyllum Hawkes, J. Linn. Soc., Bot., Dam WhOSne Oey.
Solanum infundibuliforme var. albiflorum Ochoa, Phytologia, 46(4):223, 224, 1980.
Plant usually small, less frequently up to 30-40cem tall, stem erect or decumbent, simple or branched. Lear imparipinnatisect to imparipinnate or sometimes lyrate; lateral leaflets usually 2-3 pairs decurrent on the rachis, linear or linear-lanceolate to lanceolate or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, Corolla extremely variable in color and shape, from white to dark purple and from rotate to rotate- substellate. :
Fruit globose, green or green mottled with white, Habitat: from subxerophytic scrub desert asseciated with cactus or thorny shrubs of low regions to colder and wet places of high mountains or puna associated mainly with Stipa ichu, 2400-4100m alt. Distribution: rrom northwest Argentina, south and central Bolivia to the northern Chile. Chromosome number; 2n=2x=24,
VI. SERIES TUBEROSA Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51:146-148, Buk. & Kameraz, Bases of Potato Brecd ine Shel IoosensuesGracton. 1924) nomen nudum. 1m
SERIES ANDIGENA Buk. ibid 24, 1959.
SERIES TRANSAEQUATORIALIA Buk. ibid. 21, 1959.
SERIES VAVILOVIANA Buk. ibid, 18, 1959.
SERIES ANDREANA Hawkes, Bull. Imp. Bur. Plant Breed. Genet. Camb. 50, 1944.
1934
Ochoa, Karyoctaxonomic studies
tl, Solanum alandiae Card., Bol, Soc. Peruana bot. eee ont
Solanum torrecillasense Card,, Bol, Soc. Peruana Bot. 5:15, 1956.
Plant stout, branched, light green. Stem erect or sub-decumbent, glabrescent, widely winged. Leaves odd-innate, 2-3-(4) pairs of folioles, 0-4 intersti- tial leaflets; terminal leaflet much larger than the laterals widely elliptic-lanceolate with acute apex and rounded base; pseudoestipular leaves; very large, showy flowers. Corolla subpentagonal, dark lilac, articulation of the pedicel above the middle or near the calyx. Fruit globose to ovate, green with sparse, small, white spots. Distribution; inter-Andean valleys of central Bolivia, from north of Chuquisaca to east of Cochabamba, between 2000 and 2600m alt., common near cultivated fields, streams and thickets, Chromosome number: 2n=2x=24,
12. Solanum oplocense Hawkes, Bull, Imp. Bur. ta be Breed, & Genet., Cambridge, 119, 1944.
Plant rather small, 30-40cm tall, erect to de- cumbent, mostly rosette at the base when young; stem simple or branched with very narrow wings. Leaves with 3-4 pairs of lateral leaflets, coarsely pilose including the margins, 0-3 interstitial leaflets; lateral leaflets ovate to wide elliptic or elliptic, usually obtuse apex, rounded to broadly cuneate base; first upper pair of folioles decurrent on the rachis, Corolla violet, light purple or slightly bluish, pen- tagonal to substellate; arciculation of the pedicel near the middle or slightly below the middle, Fruit globose to ovate, dark green with sparse, small, white spots, Distribution: from the Provinces of Mizque and Campero, south of Ccchabamba, 2200m alt., to the heights of Oro Ingenio near 4000m alt. in the Province of Nor Cinci, Potosi, in Bolivia, as far south as the vicinities of Humahuaca in the Argentine Province of Jujuy at 3500m alt. Although it has usually been found in lower altitudes, associated with Cactaceae and other xerophytic or subxerophytic plants, it also grows in cold puna regions together with Stipa ichu, Werneria, Astragalus, and other
28
J VEL NG AE} 1, (0) (Ie. Vols 55)5 Nose
plants endemic to high altitudes. Chromosome number: although the chromosome number for this species has been reported to be diploid, that is, 2n=2x=24 chromo- somes including the samples originally collected in the type locality, the countings made in all the living collections studied here have two ploidy levels: 2n=4x=48 or 2n=6x=72 chromosomes.
13. Solanum vidaur1eL Card., Bol. Soc. Peruana Bot. 5:26-30, 1956.
Plant very gracile, 15-60cm tall; stem erect, simple or branched, slender, sparsely pilose, without wings or with very narrow decurrent lines. Leaves with 3-4-(5) pairs of lateral folioles, linear lanceo- late or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, coarsely pilose like the margins which are slightly denticulate; the first upper pair of folioles decurrent on the rachis; interjected leaflets 0-5. Corolla subpentagonal to pentagonal or sometimes rotate, dark lilac to purple. Fruit globose to ovate, up to 2cm in diameter, dark green mottled with scattered white spots. Distribu- tion: although the altitudinal limits of S. vidaurret are between 2600 and 3400m alt., this species inhabits mostly xeric valleys of 2600-2800m alt., where the climatic conditions are rather mild and dry, growing associated mainly with Cactaceae and thorny plants. Its geographical distribution extends from south Bolivia to Santa Victoria in northern Argentina, right near the border with Bolivia. Chromosome numbers: two ploidy levels have been found 2n=2x=24 and 2n=4x=48 chromosomes.
1984 Ochoa, Karyotaxonomic studies 29
14, Solanum brevicaute Bitt., Repert. Sp. Nov. ll: 390-391, 1912.
Solanum Lirtuntanum Card. et Hawkes, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 53:106-108, 1945.
Sokanum colLominense Card., Bol. Soc. Peruana Bot. 5:21-23, 1956.
Solanum achacachense Card., Bol. Soc. Peruana Bot. 5:30-31, 1956.
Plant usually low, 20-25(-60)cm tall, bushy or erect spreading, densely and coarsely pilose along the stem, rather stout, simple or branched slightly rosette and flexuous at the base. Leaves coarsely pubescent, 3-4(-5) pairs of lateral folioles and few to many interjected leaflets. Folioles broadly ovate-elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, apex obtuse to subobtuse or acuminate; base oblique, broadly rounded or very rarely subcordate. Pedicel articulation is not constant, sometimes above the middle, others near the middle or even below. Corolla rotate 3.5cm in diameter, dark purple to bluish-violet; fruit globose to ovoid, dark green, 2cm in diameter. Distribution: although S. brevicaule is found in almost all the Bolivian territory, from the highlands in the vicini- ties of La Paz at almost 4000m alt. to the valleys near Cochabamba, Sucre and Tarija between 2600 and 3000m alt., it is also found in the mountainous regions of the Provinces of Jujuy and Salta in Argentina. Thus, this species not only grows in Andean humid slopes, but it is also frequently found in lower and dryer ecological formations. 2n=2x=24.
15. Solanum Leptophyes Bitt., Repert. Sp. Nov. 12: 448-449, 1913.
Solanum spegazzinti Bitt., Repert. Sp. Nov. 12: 449-450, 1913.
PeH Ye TAOREAOsGaheA Vol. 55, No.
Solanum gourlLayt Hawkes, Bull. Imp. Bur. Pl. Breed. & Genet., Cambridge, 120-121, 1944.
Solanum pachytrichum Hawkes, Bull. Imp. Bur. Pl. Breed. & Genet., Cambridge, 121-122, 1944.
Solanum punoense Hawkes, Bull. Imp. Bur. Plant Breed. & Genet., Cambridge, 123, 1944.
Plant small, 10-15(-35)cm tall, gracile; stem slender, erect, branched, slightly flexuous and shorter internodes towards the base, sparsely pilose. Leaves usually long and narrow, sparsely pilose, 4-5(-7-8) pairs of lateral folioles, (0-)5-11(-16) interjected leaflets; folioles usually narrowly elliptic-—lanceolate or occasionally almost widely elliptic, obtuse or sub-
.acute apex, obliquely rounded to cuneate base. Pedun-
cles short 2-4cm long, pedicel articulation near or above the middle.
Corolla rotate to subpentagonal, violet to light purple or violet-purplish. Fruit globose to ovoid green with 1 or 2 purple stripes. Distribution: widely distributed from the northwest of Argentina throughout Bolivia to the interior of southern Peru as far as the Province of Antabamba in the Department of Ayacucho in Peru. It habits xeric or subxeric valleys, growing in poor and stony soils together with Acacia sp and Cactaceae at altitudes of 2600-3000n. It extends to high, humid, Andean valleys up to nearly 4000m alt. Chromosome number: 2n=2x=24.
16. Solanum candolLlLeanum Berth., Ann. Sci. Agron. et Etrang. 3 Ser. 6th year, Vol. 2:184-185, 190. Wenesiss Ie)alibe
Solanum mandonit A. DC., Bibl. Univ., Arch. Sci. Phys. et Nat., ser. 3, 15:438. 1886 (not S. mandonts van Heurk et Muell. in Heurk, Obs. Bot., 78, 1870).
1984
Ochoa, Karyotaxonomic studies 31
Plant large, very robust, erect, more or less pubescent throughout, 1 m tall or more, stem thick, usually branched, widely winged. Leaves large and highly dissected, 4-5(-6) pairs of narrow lateral folioles and numerous interjected leaflets, folioles with subobtuse to subacuminate or acuminate apex, rounded to obliquely rounded base. Pedicel articu-— lation well above the middle or to 6-7 mm below the calyx; calyx pilose with lanceolate lobes and long acumens; corolla rotate, large deep blue or dark pur- ple; fruit globose to ovoid, large, 3.5 cm in diameter, green at the base, light green to almost whitish towards the apex, sometimes very sparsely mottled with white spots. Distribution: growing abundantly in the Bolivian provinces of Larecaja and Franz Ta- mayo, Department of La Paz, and also in the other side of Cordillera de Apolobamba, behind the great Palomani Peak in the Peruvian territory of the Puno Department. The altitudinal limits of this species are between 2700-3700 m. Grows in thickets, near river or stream banks, in shrubby crevices of medium altitude valleys or even in colder regions of puna limit near the Sttpa tehu steppe. In addition to its similar geographical distribution and its great vegetatively resemblance of the foliage to some forms of S. tuberosun subsp. andigena, S. candolleaum pro- duces abundant and very large tubers, up to 14 cm long, ovate or flat-ovate. It is quite possible that this species has played an important role in the evo- lution of some cultivated species. Chromosome number: two ploidy levels, 2n=2x=24 and 2x=3x=36.
17. Solanwn sparstptlum (Bitt.) Juz. et Buk., in Vavi- lov, Theor. Bases Plant Breed., 3:11, 1937.
Solanum tuberosum subsp. sparsipilum Bitt., Repert. Spec. Nov. 12:152, 1913.
32
BuHiL et OA OuG aA Vol. 55, No» 2
Solanum sucrense var. brevifolcolum Hawkes, Bull. Imp. Bur. Pl. Breed. & Genet., Cambridge, 51, 1944 nom. nud.
Solanum anomalocalyx Hawkes, Bull. Imp. Bur. Pl. Breed. & Genet., Cambridge, 126-127, 1944.
Solanum brevamucronatum Hawkes, Bull. Imp. Bur. Pl. Breed. & Genet., Cambridge, 127, 1944.
Solanum Lapazense Hawkes, Bull. Imp. Bur. Pl. Breed. & Genet., Cambridge, 127-128, 1944.
Solanum moLlepujroense Card. et Hawkes, Jour. Ibalising Seon Boe, DS SilOls\5 IeySye
Solanum anomalocalyx var. llaklaguantanum Card. et) Hawkes. Jour. Lann. Soc. Bot. 533104, 1945.
Solanum anomalocakyx var. brachystylum Card. et Hawkes, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 53:104,
1945.
Solanum anomalocalyx var. muszale Card. et Hawkes, Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. 53:106, 1945 (as var. muralt(s).
Solanum rutz-zebaltlosrt Card., Rev. de Agricul- tura, Cochabamba 11:13-14, 1968.
Plant vigorous, more than Im tall, stem stout, erect to erect-ascending, usually branched, pilose throughout with scattered coarse haris. Leaves with 3-4(-5) lateral folioles and with or without several interjected leaflets; folioles ovate-elliptic to broadly elliptic, narrowly decurrent on the rachis especially in the upper pair, obtuse to shortly acumi- nate apex, cuneate or rounded at the base. Pedicels articulated near or above the middle. Calyx rather small, 5-6mm, symmetric or asymmetric (bilabiate) with broadly elliptic-lanceolate apiculate lobes. Corolla rotate or rotate-pentagonal, usually small, 3cm in diameter, dark purple to violet or light blue. Fruit light green, 12-15mm in diameter.
1984
Ochoa, Karyotaxonomic studie v
Solanum sparstptlum grows usually as a weed in cultivated fields and waste places. It is a highly variable species. The author estimates that there are at least 10 synonyms in Bolivia alone, and 4 more in the Peruvian territory. Its general morphology bears a great resemblance to some representative forms of the cultivated tetraploid Group Andigena or Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena (Juz. et Buk.) Hawkes. There- fore, it has been postulated that it has played an im- portant role in the evolution of some of the cultivated species. Distribution: from southern Peru to central Bolivia, mostly in inter-Andean temperate valleys 2400-3000 m alt., in or near cultivated fields, grassy banks, waste places, and stone walls near farm houses. It can also be found, although with less frequency, at higher altitudes and in colder climatic conditions up to nearly 4200 m.alt. Chromosome number: 2n=2x=24,
18. Solanum gandartllastt Card., Bol. Soc. Peruana
Bot. 5(1):16-20, 1956.
Plant small, bushy and spreading, 20-25 cm tall, light green, glabrous or glabrescent. Stem slender, suberect to semirosette. Leaves with 1-2(-3) lateral folioles and no interjected leaflets; terminal foliole very enlarged, lateral leaflets broadly ovate or broadly elliptic-lanceolate, rounded to subcordate at the base, obtuse to shortly acuminate at the apex. Pedicels arti- culate well above the middle; calyx strongly reflexed, widely oblong spatulate or liguliform leafy lobes; corolla rotate, white, small up to 2.5 cm in diameter. Fruit globose to ovoid, light green, sparsely white spotted, 15 mm long. Distribution: found only in cen- tral and southeastern Bolivia, Departments of Cocha- bamba, Chuquisaca and Santa Cruz, between 2000-2800 m mostly in xeric regions, in dry rocky soils associated with Cactaceae and Acacia forests or under thorny bushes. Chromosome number: 2n=2x=24.,
35
34
Pity Tr oD Oe TA Vol. 55, No. 1
19. Solanum sucrense Hawkes, Bull. Imp. Bur. Pl. Breed. & Genet., Cambridge, 126, 1944.
Plant vigorous, stem stout, erect, branched, winged; leaves 3-4(-5) pairs of lateral folioles, 4-6 interjected leaflets; folioles widely elliptic- lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate with long petio- lules. Pedicel articulation near or above the middle. Corolla light bluish-violet, 2.5-3.0 cm in diameter, pentagonal to sub-stellate with long, poorly delimited acumens; calyx small regular to symmetric or strongly bilabiate with shortly acuminated lobes. Fruit glo- bose, 1.5-2.0 cm in diameter, deciduous, dark green or dark green mauvish towards the apex.
Solanum sucrense is considered a "weedy" species and vegetatively has a great resemblance to S. sparst- ptlum and to some forms of S. tuberosum subsp. andt- gena. Therefore, it may have played a role in the evolution of the cultivated species S. tuberosum, and as in the latter, it also has 2n=4x=48 chromosomes.
In addition, my collection No. 11926, which is a topotype of S. sucrense, is highly valuable for its extreme resistance to all Potato X viruses, including PVX. (Brown, C.R., L. Salazar, C. Ochoa & C. Chuqui- llanqui, paper in print). Also, Solanun sucrense, in spite of being tetraploid, is self-incompatible but crosses easily with tetraploid cultivars, thus giving a new route in breeding for resistance against the PVX complex. Distribution: found only in Central Bolivia, Department of Chuquisaca, near Sucre, between 2600-3000 malt. Growing in cultivated fields or as a garden weed, edges of corn fields or crevices of old walls. Common name 'Alcco papa."
1984
Ochoa, Karyotaxonomic studies
VII. SERIES MEGISTACROLOBA Card. et Hawkes, Jour. Linn. Soc... Bot. 153293, \L945.
20. Solanum boLiviense Dun. in DC., Prodr. 13(1):43, T8523
Plant subrosette or caulescent, erect-ascending or spreading prostrate, sparsely pilose with coarse hairs; stem simple or branched, leaves simple or with a pair of very small, lateral folioles; leaf blade or terminal foliole large, elliptic to ovate or elliptic- lanceolate, obtuse to acute apex, broadly rounded to narrowly cuneate at base. Articulation of the pedicel above the middle. Corolla rotate-pentagonal to pen- tagonal, deep purple. Fruit globose, 2cm in diameter, usually dark green. Distribution: from Chuquisaca Department in central Bolivia to the Province of Salta, Department of Santa Victoria into northwest Argentina at altitudes of 1700-3400m. In wet forest edges, among shrubs in sand-clayey soil, stony slopes, common in crevices under humid forests of Polylepis, and also in higher altitudes associated with Stipa ichu. Chromo- some number: 2n=2x=24.
21. Solanwn megistacroLobum Bitt., Repert. Sp. Nov. LOSSS6s elon
Sokanum alticola Bitt., Repert. Spec. Nov. 12:5-6, 1913.
Solanum decurrentiLobum Card. et Hawkes, Jour. Linn. Soc., Bot. 53:97-98, 1945.
Solanum tonalLapanum Card. et Hawkes, Jour. Linn. Soc., Bot. 53:98-99, 1945.
Solanum ellLipsrcfolium Card et Hawkes, Jour. Linn. Soc.;, Bot. 53:100-101, 1945.
Solanum tonalapanum var. subintegrifolium Card. et Hawkes, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 53:99-100, 1945.
Solanum uteyd Card., Bol. Soc. Peruana Bot., 5:32-33, 1956.
35
36
Pai vont Oise On GrelerAl Vol. 955), Nowe
Plant small, usually forming a rosette or less frequently suberect-ascending; stem weakly angled and straggling, sparsely to densely pilose. Leaf simple to oddpinnate or pinnatilobed to sublyrate with 0-1-3 (-5) small lateral folioles; terminal foliole usually very large and extremely variable in shape from sub- orbicular to broadly elliptic or oval-elliptic, or from oblong or oblanceolate to lanceolate, sometimes also rhomboid and even longly subespatulate, broadly rounded to obtuse-apiculate or very rarely subacute at the apex, broadly rounded to cuneate at the base; lateral folioles similar in shape to the terminal, but much smaller, sessile, and basiscopically decurrent on the rachis. Pedicel articulation above the middle or rather near the calyx. Corolla rotate or subrotate to pentagonal or rotate-stellate, purple to lilac. Fruit globose to broadly ovoid compressed, dark green, 2.5 cm in diameter.
Solanum megtstacrolobum represents the type spe- cies of the series. Because it is very heterogeneous and variable, it has caused great difficulties in its classification. Some of the taxa listed above as synonyms could probably be transferred, in the future, to a lower rank, as a vartety or a form, but should no longer be maintained as species. Distribution: this is a typical, high mountain species growing mostly bet- ween 3000-4000 m alt., in humid highlands on grassy banks, stone walls, among wet bushes and along streams; from the high plateau of the Cailloma Province, Depart- ment of Arequipa, and Lake Titicaca region of southern Peru through Bolivia to the northwest of Argentina.
All the living samples of S. megtstacrolobwn, collected by the author in Bolivia have 2n=2x=24 chromosomes.
The few remaining Bolivian species not included here will be treated in a forthcoming publication.
Ochoa, Karyotaxonomic studies 37
1984
(Ochoa_ 11888)
Solanum leptophyes Bree.
————
near x 1/2
38
Py tT Or 0 CT A Vol. 55, No.
LITERATURE REFERENCES
BITTER, G. 1912-1913. Solana nova vel minus cognita. Repert. Spec., Novarum Regni Veg. 10:536; 11:18, 381-385, 389-391, 392-393, 393-394; 12:5-6, 152, 448-449, 453-454.
BERTHAULT, P. 1911. Recherches botaniques sur les varietes cultivees du Solanum tuberosum et les especes sauvages de Solanum tuberiferes voisins. Ann) SCs Agron .metrhtrane. (bards) sera lS).) 10 (AyBaleyAs Aes 5 ILO)
BRUCHER, H. 1957-1959. Kritische Betrachtungen zur Nomenklatur argentinischer Wildkartoffeln. I. Die Serie Commersoniana. Der Zuchter 26:97-106. 1956; III. Die Serie Cuneoalata. Der Zuchter 27: 77-80. 1957; IV. Die Serie Tuberosa. Der Zuchter 27: 353-357. 1957; V. Die Serie Acaulia. Der Zuchter 29:149-156. VI. Die Serie Alticola (=Megistacroloba). Der Zuchter 29:257-262.
BUKASOV, S.M. 1933. The potatoes of South America and their breeding possibilities. Lenin Acad. Neta Selo dg WoSoScito Mises Wilg ihovele (Sipyoiks Se te Bull. Appl. Bot., Genet., & Pl. Breed. Leningrad). 192 pp. (in Russian, English summary).
BUKASOV, S.M. 1937. Theoretical Bases of Plant Breed- ing (in N.I. Vavilov) 3:1-76.
BUKASOV, S.M. 1959. In Bukasov, S.M., and Kameraz, A.Y. Bases of Potato Breeding. Leningrad.
CARDENAS, M. 1944. Enumeracion de las papas silves- tres de Bolivia. Rev. Agr. Cochabamba 2(2):27-37.
1984
Ochoa, Karyotaxonomic studies
CARDENAS, M. 1956. New species of Solanum (TUBERA- RIUM-HYPERBASARTHRUM) from Bolivia. Bol. Soc. Peruana Bot. 5:9-45.
CARDENAS, M. 1968. A new species of wild potato from Cochabamba. Rev. Agricultura, Cochabamba 11: 13-14.
CARDENAS, M. & HAWKES, J.G. 1945. New and little- known wild potato species from Bolivia and Peru. Jour. Linn. Soc., Bot. 53:91-108.
CORRELL, D.S. 1962. The potato and its wild rela- tives. Texas Res. Found. Contrib., 4. 606 pp.
DE CANDOLLE, A. 1852. Prodromus. 13, I. Paris.
HAWKES, J.G. 1944. Potato collecting expeditions in Mexico and South America. II. Systematic classi- fication of the collections. Bull. Imp. Bur. Plant Breed. & Genet., Cambridge, 142 pp.
HAWKES, J.G. 1956. Taxonomic studies on the tuber- bearing Solanums. I. Solanum tuberosum and the tetraploid species complex. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 166:97-144.
HAWKES, J.G. 1963. A revision of the tuber-bearing Solanums (2nd Ed.). Scot. Pl. Breed. Sta. Rec. 76-181.
HAWKES, J.G. & HJERTING, J.P. 1969. The potatoes of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Oxford University Press. 259 pp.
OCHOA, C. 1962. Los Solanum tuberiferos silvestres del Peru. Lima, Peru. 297 pp.
39
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iD T5L Se GE (0) 1 ©, aL A Vol. 55, No.
OCHOA, C. 1979. Exploracion colectora de papas sil- vestres en Bolivia. Biota 11(91):324:330. Illust. Map.
OCHOA, C. 1980. New taxa of Solanum from Peru and Bolivia. Phytologia 46:223-225.
OCHOA, C. 1980. A new tuber-bearing Solanum poten- tially useful for breeding for aphid resistance. Am. Pot. Journal 57:387-390.
OCHOA, C. 1981. Two new tuber-bearing Solanum from South America. Phytologia 48:229-232.
OCHOA, C. 1982. A new variety of the Bolivian tuber- bearing Solanum capsicibaccatum. Phytologia 50: 181-182.
NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS, CLXXIT
Harold N, Moldenke
CITHAREXYLUM CALVUM Mold., sp. nov.
Frutex ramis ramulisque gracillimis glabris longitudinaliter striatis angulatisque nigrescentibus, foliis ovatis vel lanceolate-ovatis chartaceis viridulus 4--7 cm. longig 2--4.5 cm. latis utrinque glabris apicaliter acutis vel breviter acuminatis marginaliter integris basaliter acutis vel rotundatis, inflores- centiis terminalibus solitariis simplicibus brevibus 4--7 cm, longis submultifloris, pedunculis rhachideque gracillimis viridi- bus, calyce obconico ca, 5 mm, longo apicaliter 3 m, lato glabro margine breviter 5-lobato lobis obtusis, corolla alba tubo 5 m, longo lobis patentibus 1—1.5 mm, longis extus minutissime puber- ulis.
Shrub; branches and branchlets apparently very slender, glab- rous, longitudinally angular-striate and ridged, nigrescent in drying; petioles slender, about 5 mm, long, subglabrous; leaf- blades chartaceous, rather uniformly bright-green on both sur- faces, ovate or lanceolate-ovate, 4--7 cm. long, 2--4.5 cm. wide, apically acute or short-acuminate, marginally entire, basally acute or rounded, very glabrous on both surfaces; inflorescence racemi- form, terminal, solitary, simple, relatively many-flowered, 4--7 cm. long, the short peduncles and rachis very slender, green, very minutely and microscopically puberulous; calyx in anthesis ob- conic, about 5 mm, long, apically 3 mm, wide, externally glabrous, the rim plainly and regularly 5-lobed, the lobes short and apic- ally obtuse; corolla white, its tube equaling or very slightly ex- serted from the calyx, the lobes spreading, apically rounded, ex- ternally very minutely puberulous.
The species is based on M, Sousa & E. Cabrera 12309 from 7 km, north of Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico, collected on May l, 1982, and deposited in the Lundell Herbarium at the University of Texas.
CITHAREXYLUM DONNELL-SMITHII var. PUBESCENS Mold., var. nov.
Haec varietas a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum subtus densissime puberulentis recedit,
This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaf-blades very densely puberulent beneath,
The variety is based on L. Alfredo Pérez J. 1125 from a low de- ciduous forest at Estacidn de Biologfa de Chamela, Jalisco, Mexi- co, collected on March 30, 1975, and deposited in the Lundell Her- barium at the University of Texas, The collector describes the plant as a tree, 7 m. tall, the bark yellowish gray-brown, separating in longitudinal scaly strips.
41
42 PH Y.T0) OjG A Vol, 55, Now 1
CITHAREXYLUM HEXANGULARE f£, PARVIFOLIUM Mold., f. nov.
Haec forma a forma typica speciei foliis maturis 2.5--8 cm. longis 0.8--1.4 cm latis recedit.
This form differs from the typical form of the species in having its apparently mature leaves much smaller, only 2.5--8 cn, long and 0.8--1.4 cm. wide.
The type of the form was collected by Tom Wendt and A, Villa- lobos C. (no. 3465) on the banks of a river with potrero and acahual in the evergreen forest zone at Panga del Rfo Corte, 18 km. east of Boca del Monte, in the municipality of Matfas Romero, Oaxaca, Mexico, at 70 m altitude, lat. 17°05' N/. long. 94°53' 45" W., on November 25, 1981, and is deposited in the Lundeil Herbarium at the University of Texas. The collectors describe the plant as a shrub, 2--3 m. tall, the flowers fragrant, and the corollas white.
GMELINA ASIATICA £. PARVIFOLIA (Roxb.) Mold., stat. nov. Gmelina parvifolia Roxb., Pl. Coast. Coromand. 2: 32, pl. 162. 17 98.
GMELINA ASIATICA f£, INERMIS (Wight) Mold., stat. nov. Gmelina inermis Wight ex Wall., Numer. List 87, no. 1816d, hyponyn. 1831. Ramis ramulisque semper inermibus.
LANTANA OVATA var. PUBESCENS Mold., var. nov.
Haec varietas a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum subtus densissime pubescentibus recedit.
This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having the lower surface of its leaf-blades very densely pubes- cent.
The type of the variety was collected by D. C. Daly, M. J. G. Hopkins, L, E. Forero, S. Beck, W. Herndndez, H. Phipps III, and H, Wolf (no, 2121) occasional in disturbed semi-deciduous forest on a gentle slope at Serrania de Santiago, 2 km. east of the town of Santiago de Chiquitos, in the province of Chiquitos, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, on July 19, 1983, and is deposited in the Lundell Herbar- ium at the University of Texas. The collectors describe the plant as a little-branched subshrub, 50 cm. tall, growing in clumps, the corollas lilac with yellow centers.
LIPPIA ELEGANS var. MACROPHYLLA Mold., vare nov.
Haec varietas a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum superi- oribus usque ad 9.5 cm. longis 5.5 cm. latis recedit.
This: variety differs from the typical form of the species in its much larger upper leaves at and just below the inflorescences, these having blades to 9.5 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide.
The type of the variety was collected by B. A. S. Pereira and R. C. Mendonga (no, 408) in the vicinity of Cachoeira do Pipiri- pau, Distrito Federal, Brazil, on March 16, 1983, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. The collectors describe the plant as an "Arbusto delgado, ca. 1.8 m
1984 Moldenke, New & noteworthy plants 43
altura, folhas muita arom4ticas, flores alvas, também aromaticas" and encountered it in a mata ciliar at 800 m. altitude "apos a ponte sobre o rio Pipiripau",
LIPPIA GRISEA var. LATIFOLIA Mold., var. nov.
Haec varietas a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum subro- tundo-subobovatis usque ad 4 cm, latis recedit.
This variety differs from the typical form of the species in it broader leaf-blades, which are subrotund=subobovate and up to 4 cm. wide.
The type of the variety was collected by E, P, Héringer, ee Filgueiras, B. C. Mendonga, and B. A. S. Pereira (no. 7050) at Bacia do Rio Sado Bartolomeu, Distrito Federal, Brazil, on June 15, 1981, and deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden, The collectors describe the plant as "Subar- busto ca. 0.5 m. de altura, folhas e ramos com pubescencia branca, flores roseo claro ou brancas" and found it growing on "campo sobre morro cascalhento".
LIPPIA MCVAUGHI var. LATIFOLIA Mold., var. nov.
Haec varietas a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum maturis 4--6 cm. longis 2.5--4 cm. latis recedit.
This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its mature leaf -blades ovate, 4--6 cm. long, and 2.5--4 cm. wide.
The variety is based on L. Alfredo Pérez 389 from a low de- ciduous forest with legumes and cacti 2 miles from La Pintada, Jalisco, Mexico, collected on December 13, 1970, and deposited in the Lundell Herbarium at the University of Texas. The collector describes the plant as a tree, 5 m. tall, the corollas greenish- yellow.
SYNGONANTHUS DENSIFLORUS war, BREVIPES Mold., var. nov.
Haec varietas a forma typica speciei caule erecto brevissimo recedit.
This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its erect above-ground stem very short, almost indiscern- ible in the densely clustered basal leaves.
The variety is based on Héringer, Filgueiras, Mendonga, & Pereira 7488 from "barra do corrego", Cabeca do Veado, Lago Sul, Distrito Federal, Brazil, collected on August 12, 1982, and de- posited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Gar- den. The collectors refer to the plant as frequent in wet soil of brejo, the inflorescence white.
ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ERIOCAULACEAE, XCV
Harold N. Moldenke
PAEPALANTHUS POLYCLADUS Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 54: 459, 1983. Fmended synonymy: Paepalanthus polyclados Alv, Silv., Fl. Mont. ULB Gols AAsi5 Ue AsiG
PAEPALANTHUS POLYTRICHOIDES Kunth
Additional bibliography: Mold., Prytologia 54: 452 & 459. 1983.
The Schultes & Cabrera 19129 & 19185 previously cited by me as representing P. polytrichoides, actually prove to be P. pauperri- mus Herzog.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Steyermark, Maas, Field, & Redmond 123630 (Lc). Bolivar: W. W. Thomas 2513 (N). BRAZIL: Amapd: Egler 47239 (W—2435318). Amazonas: A. Janssen 458 (Ld). Para: Daly, Callejas, Silva, Taylor, Rosario, & Santos 1064 (Ld); Davidse, Rosa, Rosdrio, & Silva 17871 (Ld, N)3; Martin- elli 6913 [R. B. Herb. 202833] (Ld); Plowman, Rosa, & Rosario 9627 (Ld, N, W--2967826); Prance, Pennington, & Murca Pires 1282 (W--2514753); Rosa & Santos 1881 (N, N, N).
PAEPALANTHUS POLYTRICHOIDES var. DENSUS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 56--57. 1976; @ligaard & Balslev, Rep. Bot. Inst, Univ. Aarhus 4: 97. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 110, 129, & 617. 1980.
It seems most probable to me that this taxon should be raised to specific rank. Recent collectors have found it forming firm cushions in wet places on grass paramos with large sloping bog v toward the lakes, up to 3 m. tall scrub in protected places, at 3350--3450 m. altitude, flowering in September.
Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Cleef 3577 (W-- 2850661); Cleef & Jaramillo-Mejfa 50 (W--2850665)3; Cuatrecasas & Jaramillo 25737 (W--2342297--isotype). ECUADOR: Loja: @llgaard & Balslev 9717 (Ac, E--2773078, Ld, N, N).
PAEPALANTHUS POLYTRICHOIDES var. GLABER Mold.
Synonymy: Paepalanthus polytrichoides var. glabra Mold., Phy- tologia 54: 243, in syn. 1983,
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 31. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 110, 117, 122, 157, & 617. 1980; Mold., Phytolo— Petey BYAR 72815 S/o Cy asin AIG Ky.
Recent collectors refer to this plant as an herb, 5 cm. tall, with white inflorescences, and report it from white-sand savannas with open bare-ground areas and "abundant" or "ubiquitous in white-sand campinas", in both flower and fruit in June, September, and November. The Prance & al. 6017 collection, cited below, is a mixture with Cyperus sp. The Janssen 275, distributed as P,
44
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 45
polytrichoides var, glaber, actually is Syngonanthus caulescens (Poir.) Ruhl.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Maguire, Wurdack, & Bunting 37641 (W--2169002). Bolivar: Maguire, Steyermark, & Maguire 53599 (W--2514910). GUYANA: R. S. Cowan 39283 (W-——-2168847). SURINAM: W. W. Thomas 2382 (Ld). BRAZIL: AmazO6nas: Calderon, Monteiro, & Guedes 2582 (Ld, W--2931236); Prance, Coélho, Maas,
& Pinheiro 11662 (W--2801672), 11667 (W--2801676); Prance, Phil- cox, Rodrigues, Ramos, & Farias 5145 (W--2573077A); Prance, Ramos, Farias, Paula, & Albuquerque 10420 (W--2573052A); Prance, Ramos, Farias, & Philcox 4833 (W--2573084A), 4836 (W--2573081A), Para: Daly, Campbell, Silva, Silva, Bahia, & Santos D.808 (N). Roraima: Prance, Forero, Wrigley, Ramos, & Farias 6017 in part (W--2573059A),
PAEPALANTHUS POLYTRICHOIDES f£. VILLOSUS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 37: 52, 19773; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 124, 157, & 617. 1980.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amapd: Black 49-8245 (W--2252936).
PAEPALANTHUS PRAEDENSATUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 30: 320. 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 157, 424, & 617. 1980.
Additional citations: MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS & CLIPPINGS: Alv,. Beiv., Fly Monts Ll: 120—-121; pla 7541. 1928 Cds) N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS PRAEMORSUS Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 30: 320-——-321 (1975) and 35: 114. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 157, 426, & 617. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS PRUINOSUS Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 30: 321. 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 157 & 617. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS PSEUDOELONGATUS Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 30:321—322. 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 157 & 617. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS PSEUDOTORTILIS Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold,, Phytologia 35: 30 (1976) and B56 97:73) Mold.) Phytol. Mem. 2¢ 157.6 617. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS PUBESCENS KUrn. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 30: 322--323. 1975; Mold., Phytol, Mem. 2: 157 & 617. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS PUBESCENS vare CHAPADENSIS Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 30: 323--324. 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 157 & 617. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS PUBESCENS var. LONGEPILOSUS Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 30: 324. 1975; Mold.,
46 PH? YOvESOV LE: OG eA Vol. 55, Nove
Phytol. Mem. 2: 157 & 617. 1980. Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 56. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS PULCHELLUS Herzog
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 30: 324--325. 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 617. 1980; Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 75. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 51: 244-- 245. 1982.
Recent collectors describe this plant as having dull-green leaves and brown involucral bractlets under white florets. They have encountered it on bare stony ground subject to periodic flooding in a region of "sandstone, metamorphic and quartzite rock outcrops with associated marsh, damp flushes, and grassland, some cutover mixed deciduous woodland by streams and cerrado", as well as on natural campo, in restinga, and "locally common" in moist depressions of campo rupestre, at 1500--1600 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in March, June, and August, The Mori & al, 11924 collection, cited below, was photographed in situ by the collectors.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Mayo, Storr, Santos & Pinheiro in Harley 19643 (Ld, N, W--2936308); Mori &
pom 14348 (Ld, N); Mori, Carvalho, Mattos Silva, Santos, & Ribeiro 11924 (Ld), 11937 (Ld, N).
PAEPALANTHUS PULCHELLUS yar, PUBERULENTUS Mold., Phytologia 51: 244--245. 1982. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 244--245 (1982) and 52: 122. 1982. Citations: BRAZIL: Goias: Hatschbach 43162 (Ld--type, W-- 2931979--isotype).
PAEPALANTHUS PULLUS KUrn.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 31--32. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 617. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 54: PSV ERIS IE
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Para: Secco 224 (1d).
PAEPALANTHUS PULLUS var. FLAVIDUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 30: 325--327. 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 617. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 56. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS PULLUS var. LATIFOLIUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 30: 326 & 327. 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 617. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 56, 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS PULLUS var. LONGEPILOSUS Alv. Silv.
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Friocaulaceae 47
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 30: 326——-327. 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 617. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 56. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS PULLUS var, RAMOSUS Alv, Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 30: 327, 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 617. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 56. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS PULVINATUS N. Ee Br. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 32. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 208 & 618. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS PUNGENS Griseb.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 37: 52. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 90 & 618. 1980.
Additional citations: CUBA: Oriente: C, wright 3233 (E-- 2058232—isotype).
PAEPALANTHUS PUNGENS var. BREVIFOLIUS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 37: 52. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 90 & 618. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS RAMOSISSIMUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 30: 328--329. 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 618. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS & CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 209--210, pl. 138. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS RAMOSUS (Wikstr.) Kunth
_ Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 32. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158, 369, 397, 398, 400, 402, 404, 424, 427, & 618. 1980; Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 75. 1980.
Recent collectors have encountered this plant in sandy soil of restingas, campos, and Campo rupestre, mostly in wet spots, at 1050 m. altitude, describing the flowers as white in May.
Material has been misidentified and distributed in some her- baria as P. sychnophyllus Ruhl,
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Carvalho, Mori, & Boom 713 (N)3; Harley, Mayo, Storr, Santos, & Pinheiro in Harley 18085 (Ld, N); Lanna 754 [Castellanos 25504] (Fe--6047); Mori, Mattos Silva, Kallunki, Santos, & Pereira dos Santos 9682 (N): Minas Gerais: Hatschbach 42873 (Ld). Rio de Janeiro: Araujo 1788 (Fe--13246); Freire V.66 [Silva 66; Herb. FEEMA 18589] (Ld); Lira 201 [Rocha 139; Herb. FEEMA 17469] (Ld); Maas & Carauta 3142 (1d); Silva & Alves 63 [Herb. FEEMA 18364] (Ld); Sucre, Graziela, & Ichaso s.n. [Herb. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 175198] (W-- 2928658); Viana 552 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 162079] (w--
48 PAH YgleO) 1s (ONG eivA Vol. 55, No. 1
2928657). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Schnitzl., Icon. 1: 46, fig. 4. 1845 (Ba--381099).
PAEPALANTHUS RAMOSUS var. AFFINIS (Bong.) Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 32. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158, 369, 397, 400, 404, 424, & 618. 1980; Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 75. 1980.
Recent collectors describe this plant as a wiry, erect, branched herb or subshrub or as a "rosette plant with rather woody stems", 20--80 cm. tall, "with monocarpic basal rosettes and monocarpic shoots", with a stout base, the stems branched, erect, flowering, the leaves rather bright-green or mid-green, the flower- ing stems woody, the involucral bractlets brown or dark-brown, and the flower-heads and florets white or cream-color. They have found it growing on damp sand in open restinga in a region of "mixed restinga with high forest, bushy areas, damp open ground, and marshes", on stony ground in damp grassland in regions of "sandstone, metamorphic and quartzite rock outcrops with associated marsh, damp flushes and grassland and some cutover mixed deciduous woodland by streams and cerrado", in dry places and sandy soil on campos, and in an area of "sandstone rocks and open scrub on rocky hillsides", from sealevel to 1600 m. altitude, in flower in Febru- ary, March, and May to July, and in fruit in February and May. Mori and his associates refer to it as "common on campo rupestre".
The Clausen 3, cited below, was previously cited as typical P. ramosus (Wikstr.) Kunth,
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Carvalho, Mori, & Boom 713 (Ld); Hage & Santos 848 (Ld); Harley, Mayo, Storr, Santos, & Pinheiro in Harley 17999 (Ld, N), 18755(Ld, N), 19605 (Ld, N), 19781 (Ld, N); Lanna Sobrinho 1437 [Herb. Brad. 60604] (Eu--37659); Mori, King, Santos, & Hage 12519 (Ld, W--2854271); Mori, Walther,
& Necker 12792 (Ld, N). Minas Gerais: P. Clausen 3 (Br, Br, Ml, Mu, N, Qu). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Kunth, Enum. Pl, 3: 572. 1841 (W).
PAEPALANTHUS REFLEXUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold.. Phytologia 30: 334--335. 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 618. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS & CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 157 €158, pl. 99. 1928 (Ld, N,W).
PAEPALANTHUS REFRACTIFOLIUS Alv, Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 57-58. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 618. 1980; Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl, Bahia 75. 1980.
Recent collectors describe this plant as an erect herb, to 40 cm. tall, the involucral bractlets brown, and the florets white. They have found it growing among long grass in marshes in a region of "sandstone, conglomerate, metamorphic and quartzite rock out- crops with associated scrubby vegetation with damp flushes, grass- land and marsh in some areas", at 1600--1850 m. altitude, flow- ering and fruiting in March,
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Friocaulaceae 49
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Mayo, Storr, Santos, & Pinheiro in Harley 19724 (Ld, N, W--2936317); Harley, Renvoize, Erskine, Brighton, & Pinheiro in Harley 15473 (W-- 2771330). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS & CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 171--172, pl. 110. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS REGALIS Mart.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 32, 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158, 427, & 618. 1980,
Recent collectors have encountered this plant in campo rupestre on exposed slopes, at 1000 m. altitude. in both flower and fruit in June.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Mori & Boom 14447 (Ld, N). Miras Gerais: Maguire, Mendes Magalh&es, & Maguire 49265 (W--2435326).
PAEPALANTHUS REGALIS var. RECURVUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 30: 336, 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158, 427, & 618. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS & CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. SemG, 22) 55,. pl. SL &92.9 1928 Cad, N,: Ws
PAEPALANTHUS REGELIANUS KU§rn. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 30: 336--337. 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 618. 1980,
PAEPALANTHUS REPENS (Lam.) KUrn.
Additional & emended bibliography: Bong., Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb., ser. 6, 1: 623--624, pl. 7. 1831; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 40 (2): 15. 1914; Mold.. Phytologia 42: 32. 1979; Monteiro, Giulietti, Mazzoni, & Castro, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Pavlo 7: 44. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 96, 425, 428, & 618. 1980.
Bongard (1831) lists this species from the Serra da Piedade in Brazil, bui this must surely be a misidentification, He himself expresses a question about the determination, noting "Propter nimis brevem cel. Lamarckii descriptionem difficiliter determin- anda species. Nostra planta bene convenit et cum icone et cum descriptione citata, sed recedit pedunculis:et vaginis brevioribus, Priores in specimine Lamarckiano dicintur 5--6 pollicares et va- gina pollicem longa; haec organa autem dimidium breviora in speciminibus Brasiliensibus." Steudel (1855) ascribes it to “Ins. Borbonia" [=Mauritius].
Additional citations: HISPANIOLA: Dominican Republic: Eggers 2216 (W--937200); A, H. Licgier 13144 (W--2801675); T&irckheim 3327 (E--2058756, Ld--photo, W--695701). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS & CLIPPINGS: Lam., Encycl. Meth. Bot. 1: pl. 50, fig. 2. 1791 (Ld); Mold., N. Am. Fl. 19: 42. 1937 (W); Ruhl. in Urb., Symb. Antill. fs 273. 1912 (Ww).
PAEPALANTHUS RESTINGENSIS Mold.
50 PHY T 0.8 O/C Ti Vol. 55, No. 1
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 30: 339, 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 618. 1980; Mold. .in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 75. 1980.
Recent collectors have encountered this plant on sandy campo with restinga, on exposed coastal dunes, and in "open areas on usually wet white sand" in a region of "mixed restinga vegetation on sand, with high forest, low trees and shrubs, and sedge meadows [brejo] with open wet areas on white sand", from sealevel to 50 m. altitude, flowering and fruiting in February and April,
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Carvalho & Lewis 1097 (Ld); Harley, Mayo, Storr, Santos, & Pinheiro in Harley 18527 (Ld, N, W--2936329).
PAEPALANTHUS RETUSUS C, Wright
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 37: 53, 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 90, 427, & 618. 1980.
Additional citations: CUBA: Pinar del Rio: Ekman 12806 (E-- 1006766); C. Wright 3744 (W--46430--isotype).
PAEPALANTHUS RHIZOCEPHALUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 58. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 158 & 618, 1980,
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goias: W. R. Anderson 8188 (W-- 2755389). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS & CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., \pAbes Mont. 1: 126-127, pl. 78. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS RHIZOMATOSUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 30: 340--341. 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 618. 1980,
Citations: MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS & CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 148--149, pl. 92. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS RIEDELIANUS (Bong.) KUrn.
Additional synonymy: Paepalanthus riedelianus (Bong.) Ruhl. ex Mold., Phytologia 54: 243 in syn. 1983.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phvtologia 30: 341--342, 1975; C. D. Cook in Heywood, Flow. Pl. World 281, fig. 3. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 618. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 54: 243. 1983.
Additional illustrations: C. D. Cook in Heywood, Flow. Pl. World Peon seal SiS Asie
Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 30. 1831 (N, W); Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 500--501 & 575. 1841 (N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS RIGIDIFOLIUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 30: 342--343. 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 618. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS & CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 66--67, pl. 38. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS RIGIDULUS Mart,
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae oo.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 130 & 187 (1976) and 35: 263 & 279. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 618. 1980,
Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Kunth, Enum, Pl. 3: 510 (N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS RIGIDUS (Bong.) Kunth
Additional synonymy: Paepalanthus rigidus (Bong.) Ruhl. ex Mold., Phytologia 54: 243 in syn. 1983.
Additional & emended bibliography: Bong., Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pdtersb., ser. 6, 1: 621--622. 1831; Mold., Phytologia 33: 130-—-131 & 191. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 618. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 54: 243. 1983.
Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 217-22, 1831 (N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS RIPARIUS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 37: 53. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 90 & 618. 1980.
Additional citations:MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Mold., N. Am. Fl. 19: 42--43,. 1937 (N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS ROBUSTUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 132 & 191. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 618. 1980,
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Irwin, Maxwell, & Wasshausen 20532 (W--2598440). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS & CLIPPINGS: Aive Silv., Fl. Serr. Min. 53. 1928) (WW); Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 194--195, pl. 128. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS RORAIMENSIS Mold,
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 132--133, 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 118, 122, & 618. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 245. 1982.
Recent collectors refer to this plant as an herb to 50 cn, tall, with grayish-white inflorescence heads, locally frequent at the edges of morichal, in both flower and fruit in February and June.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: O, Huber 3840 (Id). Bolfvar: B, Maguire 33383 (W--2168908); Steyermark, Brewer-Carias, & Liesner 124310 (N).
PAEPALANTHUS RUFESCENS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold.,, Phytologia 33: 133, 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 618. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS & CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 104—106, pl. 57 (2) & 65. 1928 (Ed, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS RUFICEPS Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold,, Phytologia 33: 133--134, 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158, 427, & 618. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS RUFO-ALBUS Alv, Silv. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 134, 1976; Mold.,
52 PeHey el 20) ENOnG aA Vol. 555, Noo
Phytol, Mem. 2: 158 & 618. 1980. Citations: MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS & CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 94--96, pl. 60 & 61. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS SALTICOLA Herzog
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 134--135 (1976) and 35: 120. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 618. 1980.
Recent collectors describe this species as an herb, 15 cm. tall, the leaves mid-green, and the heads ashen-gray, They have found it growing in sandy clay soil and in open scrub on white sand with damp areas and extensive sedge meadows (brejo) partly burned over and forming "uma densa almofada em lugar timedo" in restinga and natural campo, at 950 m. altitude, in flower in June and in both flower and fruit in February.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Mayo, Storr, Santos, & Pinheiro in Harley 18843a (N); Mattos Silva & Brito 899 (Ld); Mori, Carvalho, Mattos Silva, Santos, & Ribeiro 11977(Ld, N).
PAEPALANTHUS SAVANNARUM (Mold.) Mold., Phytologia 49: 213, 1981.
Synonymy: Syngonanthus savannarum Mold., Phytologia 2: 352 & 381, nom. nud. 1947; Mold. in Maguire & al., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 202, 1948,
Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 2: 352 & 381, 1947; Mold. in Maguire & al., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 202. 1948; Mold., Alph. List Cit. 3: 701 & 894 (1949) and 4: 1166. 1949; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 67 & 214. 1949; Mold., Phytolo- gia 4: 330. 1953; E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: 244. 1953; Mold., Résumé 74, 76, & 493, 1959; Mold., Résumé Suppl. 1: 5. 1959; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.4: 593. 1962; Mold., Fifth Summ. Hs 128 +& 13E @971) wand 22° 965.. 19723) Mold.),, Phytologiay Ss <5 & 273 (1976) and 38: 35--37. 1977; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 65: 3719. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 120; 123, & 625. 1980; Mold., Phyto- logia 49: 293. 1981; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.39: 101. 1982; Mold., Phytologia 50: 245, 246, 264, & 270. 1982.
Recent collectors describe this plant as a small herb forming dense cushions on white sand savannas and have found it growing in open rocky sandstone areas bordering wet savannas, at 1300 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in November and December.
Additional & emended citations: VENEZUELA: Bolivar: B. Ma- guire 33729 (W--2168915); J. A. Steyermark 93759 (Ld, W-- 2584303); Steyermark & Pruski 121064 (Ld). GUYANA: Maas, Westra, & al. 4361 (Ld, N)3; Maguire, Bagshaw, & Maguire 40763 (W-- 2169082); Maguire & Fanshawe 23280 (W--1907829--isotype); Ma- guire, Tillett, & Tillett 43843 (Ba, Ld, N).
PAEPALANTHUS SAVANNARUM var. GLABRESCENS (Mold.) Mold., Phytolo- em tel (AGIA PAss\5 ilsyehle Synonymy: Syngonanthus savannarum var. glabrescens Mold. in Maguire & Wurdack, Mem. N. Y. Rot. Gard. 9: 412. 1957. Syngo- nanthus savannarum f. glabrescens Mold., Phytologia 38: 36 sphalm. LOTT «
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 53
Bibliography: Mold. in Maguire & Wurdack, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 412. 1957; Mold., Resumé 74 & 493, 1959; Mold., Résumé Suppl. 11: 4, 1964; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 128 (1971) and 2: 965. 1971; Mold., Phytologia 33: 51 (1976) and 38: 36--37. 1977; Mold., Phy- tol. Mem. 2: 118 & 120, 1980; Mold., Phytologia 49: 293. 1981; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.39: 101. 1982; Mold., Phytologia 50: 245, 246, 264, & 270. 1982.
Recent collectors describe this plant as growing to 10 cm. tall, with gray inflorescence heads, "formando pequenos cojines er la pared encima del salto", growing as well in white sandy parts of savannas, where it is said to be "frequent",, at 100-- 2000 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit from December to February. Davidse found it on open savannas with Trachypogon, Echinolaena and Paspalum dominant and with a narrow zone of gal- gery forest along the rivers, the soil with the top 20 cm. sand and organic material mixture, then 1 m. of white sand, below which is yellow sand. His no. 4681, cited blow, was previously incorrectly cited as P, steyermarkii Mold.
Additional & emended citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: O, Huber 1591 (Ld); Huber & Tillett 2765 (Ld), 2793 (Ld); Wurdack & Ad- derley 42874 (N, S, W--2320883). Bolfvar: Davidse 4681 (N); Huber & Steyermark 6940 (Ld); Ruiz-Teran & Loépez-Palacios 11217 Steyermark, Huber, & Carreno E, 128220a (Ld); Steyermark & Wur- dack 331 (N, W--2168504, W--2407789), 539 (N--type, W--2168516-- isotype).
PAEPALANTHUS SAXATILIS (Bong.) KUrn.
Additional synonymy: Paepalanthus saxatilis (Bong.) Ruhl. ex Mold., Phytologia 54: 243 in syn. 1983.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 135--136 & 188. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 618. 1980; Mold., Phytologia B4e02465,. 1983,
Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc, 25. 1631 (N, Wl.
PAEPALANTHUS SAXICOLA K§rn.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol, Abstr. 63: 6590. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 37: 53 & 84 (1977) and 42: 32 & 38. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 110, 118, 158, & 618, 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 245 (1982) and 54: 237 & 243. 1983.
Recent collectors refer to this plant as growing 5 cm. tall, and found it in both flower and fruit in September.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Huber, Medina, & Clark 5676 (Id). BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Maciel, Teixeira, & al, 26 [Herb. FEEMA.23321] (Fe).
PAEPALANTHUS SAXICOLA var. CONICUS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 32 & 38. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 110, 118, & 618. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 245. 1982.
Recent collectors describe this plant as a frequent diminutive
54 Puy Vetu Oe liu: Vol. 55, No. 1
herb with "blanco-plateadas" inflorescence heads, and have found it growing in open wet areas, in shallow depressions in open sandy areas in 2 cm. of standing water on bana (white sand areas with shrubs and small trees), and in wet ground along streams at the base of Mauritia palms, at 120--200 m. altitude, in fruit in February and both in flower and fruit in April and August. They report the vernacular name, "yuwije".
Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Guainia: Liesner & Clark 9122 (Ld). Vaupés: Schultes, Baker, & Cabrera 17987 (W-- 2198899); Schultes & Cabrera 17586 (W--2198889). VENEZUELA: Amazonas: H. I. Clark 6638 (N); O. Huber 2346 (Ld); Liesner 6893 (Ld), 6928 (Ld); J, A. Steyermark 57848 (N, W--1901746).
PAEPALANTHUS SAXICOLA var. PILOSUS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 63: 6590. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 37: 53. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 618. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS SCANDENS Ruhl.
Additional synonymy: Papaelanthus scandens Ruhl. ex Domin, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 24 [ser. 2, 9]: 247 sphalm. 1911.
Additional bibliography: Domin, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz,. 24 [ser. 2, 9]: 247. 1911; Mold., Phytologia 42: 32--33 (1979) and 45: 270. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158,°429, & 618. 1980.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Filgueiras 894 (W--2941383); Héringer, Maguire, Murga Pires, Maguire, & Silva 56190 (W--2514874); Héringer, Paula, Mendonga, & Salles 48 (N). Goids: Irwin, Harley, & Smith 32762 (W--2709584); Irwin, Santos, Souza, & Fonséca 24248 (W--2582549A).
PAFPALANTHUS SCANDENS var. ALMASENSIS Mold., Phytologia 45: 270. 1980.
Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 45: 270. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 618. 1980.
Mori and his associates refer to this plant as common on campo rupestre, at 1300—1600 m. altitude, and found it in both flower and fruit in July.
Citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Mayo, Storr, Santos, & Pinheiro in Harley 19725 (Ld--isotype, N--isotype, Ub--type, W-- 2936316--isotype); Mori, King, Santos, & Hage 12539 (Ld, W-- 2854275).
PAEPALANTHUS SCHENCKII V. A. Pouls. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 31. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158, 427, & 618. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS SCHLIMII KUrn. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 141--142. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 110, 118, & 618. 1980,
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 55
PAEPALANTHUS SCHOLIOPHYLLUS Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 142. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 618. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 248. 1982.
Mori and Benton found this plant growing on campo rupestre, at 1000--1200 m. altitude, in flower in December.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Mori 12896 (Ld, N); Mori & Benton 13210 (Ld, N). Goids: Glaziou 22302 [U. S. Nat. Herb. photo 5888] (W--photo).
PAEPALANTHUS SCHOMBURGKII Klotzsch
Additional bibliography: Knuth, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 43: [Init. Fl. Venez.] 180. 1927; Mold., Phytologia 33: 133 & 142--143 (1976) and 37: 258 & 259. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 118, 122, & 618. 1980.
Knuth (1927) cites ImThurn 33 and Schomburgk s.n. from Rorai- ma, Venezuela.
Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Klotzsch in Schomb., Faun. Fl. Brit. Guian. 1064. 1848 (N, W).
PAFPALANTHUS SCHUECHIANUS K8rn. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 31. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158, 398, 427, & 618. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS SCHULTESII Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 144—145. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 110 & 618. 1980,
Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Killip 34090 (W--1770936). Norte de Santander: Fosberg 19185 (W--2108104).
PAEPALANTHUS SCHWACKEANUS Ruhl, Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 145--146 (1976) and 35: 254. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158, 427, & 618. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS SCHWACKEANUS var. GLABRESCENS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 145—146. 1976; Mold,, Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 618, 1980,
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 224, 1928) (Gd, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS SCIRPEUS Mart. This taxon is now known as Blastocaulon scirpeum (Mart.) Giul., which see,
PAEPALANTHUS SCLERANTHUS Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 147-148. 1976; Monteiro, Giulietti, Mazzoni, & Castro, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo 7: [43], 45, 46, 52, & 57, fig. 45--50. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 618. 1980.
Additional illustrations: Monteiro, Giulietti, Mazzoni, & Cas-
tro, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo 7: 57. 1979, [to be continued]
BOOK REVIEWS
Alma L. Moldenke
“HERBIVORY The Dynamics of Animal-Plant Interactions" by Michael J. Crawley, x & 437 pp., 90 b/w fig. & 16 tab. University of California Press, London, England, Los Angeles & Berke- ley, California 94720. 1983. $45.00.
This Volume 10 in the Studies in Ecology series is an impor- tant, well-prepared study coordinating a wealth of material from the invertebrate and vertebrate animal world with the plant world's forests, crops, range and weed growths as well as lab ex- periments. "It aims to show how plant numbers, sizes, chemical composition and spatial distribution affect the birth, death and dispersal rates of their herbivores, and how the timing, intensi- ty, selectivity and spatial pattern of animal feeding affect the establishment, growth and seed set of plants."' There is a par- ticularly well developed chapter on plant-herbivore dynamics that stresses the use of the Lotka-Volterra as the basic popula- tion model and a subsequent one on community dynamics. Then there is a well organized chapter of important conclusions such as “ani- mal numbers are not food limited (their populations are deter- mined by natural enemies or by habitat requisites)....and plants do not submit passively to herbivore attack, but respond to feeding by changing their shape, their chemistry, their photosyn- thetic rate and their physical defences." A very full list of references is provided,
CHALLENGING BIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS - Directions Toward Their Solu- tion" edited by John A. Behnke, xi & 502 pp., 32 b/w fig., 22 tab. & 3 maps. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England & New York, N. Y. 1001, 1972. $25.00.
This well oriented book is a 25th Anniversary celebration volume for the American Institute of Biological Sciences, Al- though presented more than a decade ago, it still makes pertinent reading and fortunately is still available. Scientific progress in this interim as that of earlier times, of the present and of the forseeable future, has and will mean clarifying parts of the bigger problems and exposing new fields for future endeavors. The 21 papers are all written by prominent leaders in their own fields, such as J. Lederberg on Biological Innovation and Genetic Inter- vention, I. Kupferman on Cellular Mechanisms of Learning, D. Ax- elrod and P. Raven on Evolutionary Biogeography Viewed from Plate Tectonic Theory, and D. Janzen on Whither Tropical Ecology. It is interesting to note, in line with the recent Nobel Prize awarding, Witt's comment on the "brilliant work of Barbara Mc- Clintock (1961) which demonstrates that: the impediments can be sur-
mounted." 56
4 PHYTOLOGIA
An international journal to expedite botanical and phytoecological publication
Vol. 55 March 1984 No. 2
q LIBRAR\
df CONTENTS MAR1 6 1984
1 INEW YORK BOTANICAL GARD -MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae.
a vo DOS OARS RAIS oe Oy Bice nk ad ae ee 577
LANDON, K. C., A new Nymphaea variety discovered in . ARM COMIN SAIVICUES 84! 0, os Woe ee Vee Ep Seed sats ks i» v2 -an0 109
_ SMITH, L. B., & WASSHAUSEN, D. C., Notes on Begoniaceae—IV. . 112
A MOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. - RARE PLS to kate c kia vie ated a w/oretikehy yd ease Gao 4'e hale! ries
By BeereeNE, A. LL), Book reviews... oa Roi ote wee dew ek ces 117 a J p Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road
3 Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 ¥ U.S.A.
_ Price of this number $3.00; for this volume $14.00 in advance or $15.00 after close of the volume; $5.00 extra to all foreign addresses and domestic _ dealers; 512 pages constitute a complete volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following va number for free replacement; back volume prices apply if payment is
received after a volume is closed.
Mi Why
ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ERIOCAULACEAE, XCVI
Harold N. Moldenke
PAFPALANTHUS SCOPULIFER Alv,. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 148, 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 158 & 618, 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 98—~—99, 1928 (Id, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS SCOPULORUM Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 148--149 (1976) and 35: 120, 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 118 & 618. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 245 & 246. 1982.
Recent collectors have found this plant growing on open rocky plateaus, in marshes, and "along moist ledges at base of salto", at 640--2420 m. altitude, often "locally frequent", flowering and fruiting in February, August, and October, Tillett and his associates describe it as an herb, the leaves thin, slightly brittle, dark- or mid-green, the "bracts at base of and scapes light-green", the inflorescence bracts brownish or blackish, the flowers white, and have found it "locally abundant in grass on hillsides of sandstone talus in mist from falls covered with dense 1 m. growth of grass, herbs and some low shrubs" and "local- ly frequent in wet areas, scrub and low (8—10 m.) forest: in Guy- anao
Material of this species has been misidentified and distribu- ted in some herbaria as the very similar P, tatei Mold. and the Steyermark 75491 collection, cited below, was erroneously so reported by me in a previous publication, Steyermark and his associates say of their nos. 115578 & 115718 "cf. also P. per- plexans and P, roraimensis" which are likewise obviously closely related taxa. The Maguire & al, 31718, cited below, was also previously erroneously regarded by me as P, tatei,
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Maguire, Phelps, Hitchcock, & Budowski 31718 (F, Gl, K, N, Ve, W--2046544); Steyermark, Espinosa, McDiarmid, & Brewer-Carias 115718 (Ld), 115578 (Ld). Bolivar: B, Maguire 33045 (W--2168895); Steyermark 59914 (W--1901801--isotype), 75491 (Ss, W--2407755). GUYANA:
pi & Tillett 45751 (N); Tillett, Tillett, & Boyan 45071 (N).
PAEPALANTHUS SCOPULORUM var. AUYANTEPUIENSIS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 149. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 118 & 618. 1980.
Recent collectors describe this plant as having elongated stems, flaccid grass—-green leaves, and black involucres, and re- fer to it as locally frequent at 1895--1910 m. altitude, in flower in February. The Steyermark & Wurdack collection, cited
57
58 EBs LOR ONG err: Vol. 55, No. 2
below, was previously incorrectly identified as P. tatei Mold. or as typical P, scopulorum Mold.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: Steyermark & Wur=- dack 1080 (N, W--2168531).
PAEPALANTHUS SCYTOPHYLLUS Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 149, 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158, 427, & 618. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS SEDOIDES Kb8rn. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 149--150. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158, 398, & 618. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS SELLOWIANUS KUrn. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 33, 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158, 425, 427, & 618. 1980,
PAEPALANTHUS SENAEANUS Ruhl,
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 37: 39 & 53. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 618. 1980.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: A. Silveira 368 [Herb, Marie-Victorin 15832] (Ld--photo). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Serr. Min. 61--62. 1908 (W); Alv. Silver MON Gem sm pile 69 —1O2S-n(idemNewiW) le
PAEPALANTHUS SERICEUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 152—153, 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 618. 1980.
Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 84--85, pl. 50. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS SERICIFOLIUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 153. 1976; Mold., Phytol, Mem. 2: 158 & 618. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Serr. Min. 56. 1908 (W).
PAEPALANTHUS SERRALAPENSIS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 183. 1976; An— gely, S. Am. Bot. Bibl. 2: 669, 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 158 & 618, 1980.
Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 31. 1831 (W); Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 576. 1841 (N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS SERRINHENSIS Alv. Sil.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 183, 1976; Mold., Phytol, Mem, 2: 158, 427, & 618. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1, 44--46, pl. 23. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS SESLERIOIDES Griseb. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 37: 53-—-54, 1977;
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 59
Mold., Biol, Abstr. 63: 3041. 1977; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.31: 16. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 92, 92, 397, 618, & 619. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 54: 436, 1983.
The Wright collection, cited below, is a mixture with P, lamarckii Kunth.
Additional citations: CUBA: Pinar del Rfo: c, wright 3234 in part (W--46429--isotype).
PAEPALANTHUS SESLERIOIDES var. CARABIAE Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 37: 54, 1977; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.31: 16. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 92 & 619, 1980,
PAEPALANTHUS SESLERIOIDES var. WILSONII Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 37: 54, 1977; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.31: 16. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 90, 92, & 619. 1980.
Additional citations: ISLA DE PINOS: Killip 45363 (Mi).
PAEPALANTHUS SESSILIFLORUS Mart.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 33. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 118, 159, 403, & 619. 1980.
Recent collectors refer to this plant as a minute heliophile herb, growing in white sand "em restinga arbustiva e aberto"” in full exposure to the sun, the flower-heads white, and have found it in anthesis in April and in both flower and fruit in October.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Madison, Kennedy, Mon- teiro, & Braga 6226 (N). Rio de Janeiro: Araujo & Maciel 3030 [Herb. FEEMA 14861] (Ld).
PAEPALANTHUS SESSILIFLORUS var. VENEZUELENSIS Mold,
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 33. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 118 & 619. 1980.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Steyer-
mark, Steyermark, Wurdack, Wurdack, & Wiehler 106609 (W--2926075-- isotype).
PAEPALANTHUS SESSILIS H. Lecomte Additional bibliography: Mold., Pkytologia 33: 187, 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 217 & 619. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS SICAEFOLIUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 187 (1976) and 35: 263. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619, 1980.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Irwin, Santos, Souza, & Fonseca 22302 (W--2582560A). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: pl. 148. 1928 (Ld).
PAEPALANTHUS SILVEIRAE Ruhl, Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 187—-188, 1976; Mold., Phytol, Mem. 2: 159 & 619, 1980.
60 Ee YatOeh) OGeieA Vol. 55, No, 2
PAEPALANTHUS STMILIS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 188. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 199——-200, pl. 131. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS SINGULARIUS Mold.
Synonymy: Paepalanthus singularis Mold., in herb.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 37: 54. 19773; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619. 1980,
Recent collectors have encountered this plant in "hot open places in white sand with low restinga vegetation surrounded by mata alta on terra firme" and on "campo aberta", in both flower and fruit in June,
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Pard: Campbell, Ongley, Ramos, Monteiro, & Nelson P,22542 (N, W-——2935297); Cid, Ramos, & Mota 1217 [Herb. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amaz. 94436] (Ld, N); Davidson & Martinelli CD.10623 (Ld).
PAEPALANTHUS SPATHULATUS K8rn. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 188--189. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS SPECIOSUS (Bong.) KUrn.
Additional synonymy: Paepalanthus speciosus Bong. apud Ruhl, in Wettstein, Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. 79: 87. 1908.
Additional bibliography: Ruhl, in Wettstein, Denkschr, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. 79: 87. 1908; Latorre, Ortega, & Inca, Cienc. Naturaleza 18: 62. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 42: 33, 1979; Mold., Phytol, Mem. 2: 159, 424, 425, 427, & 619. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 52: 414 (1983) and 54: 237. 1983.
Recent collectors have found this plant growing in periodical- ly burned cerrado and in wet clay-sand soil of cerrado in an area of Capoeira, in both flower and fruit in August and October,
They describe it as an herb, 1—1.5 m. tall, with cream-colored flowers and list the vernacular name "vassourao".
Ruhland (1908) cites and unnumbered Wacket collection from the border of Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo, Brazil, lLatorre and his associates (1977) cites Krukoff 2052 from Amazonian Brazil, They erroneously give "R, Kruk" for B. A. Krukoff.and "(Boug.) Koene" for "(Bong.) KYrn."
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Héringer 17388 (N); Heringer, Paula, Mendonga, & Salles 86 (N). Goias: We Re Anderson 6212 (W--2755479). Mato Grosso: Macedo, Duarte, & An- tonia 1449 (N); Murga Pires & Santos 16333 (N). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 579, 1841 (N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS SPECIOSUS var. ANGUSTIFOLIUS Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 37: 54. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619. 1980.
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 61
Recent collectors have encountered this plant in cerrado and cerrado brejoso.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Héringer 16876 (N); Heringer, Figueiras, Mendonga, Pereira, Salles, & Silva 474
(N).
PAEPALANTHUS SPECIOSUS var. ATTENUATUS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 33, 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619. 1980.
Recent collectors have found this plant in flower in December, growing at 3300 feet altitude.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Héringer, Paula, Mendonga, & Salles 483 (N). Goids: Maguire, Maguire, & Murga Pires 44790 (ld, N).
PAEPALANTHUS SPECIOSUS £. CALVESCENS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 33. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS SPECIOSUS var. CHLOROCEPHALUS Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 195. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS SPECIOSUS var. GLABER Ruhl,
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 191--197. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159, 424, 425, & 619. 1980.
Recent collectors refer to this plant as "white-flowered shrub- lets or woody herbs", 1--1.5 m. tall, and have encountered it in swamps, in cerrado, and on campo rupestre, at 1100 m, altitude, in flower in April and May, and in fruit in May.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Pereira 236 (N). Goids: W. R, Anderson 6536 (W--2755480)3; Hatschbach 43081 (Ld, W--2931955); Ramamoorthy 521 (E--2904853).
PAEPALANTHUS SPECIOSUS var. GOYAZENSIS Mold., Phytologia 52: 414. 1983.
Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 52: 414 (1983) and 54: 237. 1983.
Héringer and his associates describe this plant as a subshrub, with white inflorescences, and encountered it on campo rupestre, in flower in May. The Dawson collection, cited below, was previ- ously regarded by me as representing var. glaber Ruhl.
Citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Heringer, Figueiras, peal Pereira, Salles, & Silva 4602 (N). Goias: EF. Y. Day son 14271 (Ld--type).
PAEPALANTHUS SPECIOSUS var. KOERNICKEI Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: .91 & 197. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619, 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS SPECIOSUS var. PULVERULENTUS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 192 & 197--198.
62 Pans YoerOe: OsGaipA Vol. S55 Nose 2
1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619, 1980.
Recent collectors describe this plant as 60 cm. tall, with white inflorescence heads, and have found it growing on campo cerrado and in cerrado on periodically burned campo, at 180 n. altitude, flowering and fruiting in June,
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goids: Murga Pires & Santos 16214 (N, N). Parad: Rosdrio 76 (N, N).
PAEPALANTHUS SPHAEROCEPHALUS Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 198 (1976) and 34: 259. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619, 1980; Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 75. 1980,
Recent collectors describe this plant as a heliophytic rosette herb, 10 cm. tall, the flower-heads white. They have encountered it in wet sandy soil, on campo rupestre, and in "marshes in a region of sandstone, conglomerate, metamorphic and quartzite rock outcrops with associated scrubby vegetation with damp flushes and grassland and marsh in some areas", at 1000 m. altitude, flowering and fruiting in March and July.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Mayo, Storr, San- tos, & Pinheiro in Harley 19667 (Ld, N, W--2936318); Mori, King, Santos, & Hage 12399 (Ld, W--2854263), 12407 (Ld, W--2854258). Minas Gerais: Hatschbach 41536 (Ld).
PAEPALANTHUS SPHAERULIFER Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 199, 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619, 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 103--104, pl. 64. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS SPIRALIFOLIUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 199. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 178--179, pl. 115. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS SPIRIFER Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 199--200. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619. 1980.
Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 195--197, pl. 129. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS SPIROPHORUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 200. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619. 1980,
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Monts, 13)2175-=176,) pl 135 ot 926nGid, .N; Ww).
PAEPALANTHUS SPIXIANUS Mart.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 200--201 (1976) and 35: 262, 263, & 279. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159, 401, & 619. 1980.
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 63
PAEPALANTHUS SQUAMULIFERUS Mold.
Additional synonymy: Leiothrix squamuliferus Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 419 in syn. 1980.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 201--202 (1976) and 35: 304. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 118, 419, & 619. 1980,
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolivar: steyermark 59777 (W- 1901796—-isotype).
PAEPALANTHUS STEGOLEPOIDES Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 271. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 118, 159, & 619. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 245 & 418, 1982,
Recent collectors describe this plant as a frequent herb, to 1.5 m. tall, forming tufts, the light-green leaves spreading- ascending, the inflorescence heads gray-white, and the flowers white. They have found it growing in open boggy savannas and "on open slopes at base of cliffs, at 1500--3000 m. altitude, flower- ing and fruiting in February, August, and December.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Steyermark, Brewer- Carias, & Liesner 124391 (N), 124533 (N). Bolivar: Moore, Am- brose, Dietz, & Pfister 9813 (Ba, N); Steyermark & Wurdack 491 (W--2407721); wurdack 34315 (W--2168927--isotype).
PAEPALANTHUS STEGOLEPOIDES var. ACUTALIS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 271. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619. 1980.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Maguire, Murca Pires, & Maguire 60509 (N—isotype).
PAEPALANTHUS STENOLEPIS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 271. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 43--44, pl. 22. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS STEPHANOPHORUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytoiogia 33: 271--272. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 40--42, pl. 20. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS STEREOPHYLLUS Ruhl, Synonymy: Paepalanthus stereoshyllus Ruhl. ex Moid., Phytol. Mem. 2: 619 sphalm, 1980. oS aay
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 272. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159, 428, & 619. 1980.
PAFPALANTHUS STEYERMARKII Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 33—34, 1979;
“Pre Phytol. Mem. 2: 118 & 619, 1980; Mold., Phytologia 55: 53,
64 PRE Yoel 300i) ONG) eigrA' Vol. 55, No. 2
Recent collectors refer to this plant as an herb growing in globose clumps, the leaves pale-green, and the inflorescence heads gray. They have found it growing on dry savannas, at 1400 m. altitude, both in flower and fruit in November.
The Davidse 4681, distributed as P, steyermarkii and so cited in a previous publication in this series, actually is P. savan- narum var. glabrescens (Mold.) Mold.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Maas & Steyermark 5366 (Ut--390372B); B. Maguire 33241 (W--2168904); J. A. Steyer- mark 59369 (W--1901817---isotype), 111284 (W--2814186); sSteyermark & Aristeguieta 64 (W--2430089); Steyermark, Smith, Smith, Dun- sterville, & Dunsterville 105473 (W--2925998).
PAEPALANTHUS STRIATUS Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 273 €274. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619, 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS STRICTUS KBrn.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 33: 274. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619. 1980.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Maguire, Mendes Magalhaes, & Maguire 49223 (W--2435296).
PAEPALANTHUS STUEBELIANUS Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 34, 1979; Mold., Phytol, Mem. 2: 134 & 619. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 54: 235. 1983.
Recent collectors describe this plant as forming cushions, with the inflorescences white [or "heads brown", probably in fruit] and report it as "common in sandy soil on sandstone outcrops with sterile white sand overlying black sand, with Ericaceae, wein- mannia, and melastomes abundant", at 2800--2900 m. altitude, in flower and fruit in March, July, and September.
Additional citations: PERU: Amazonas: Boeke 2036 (W--2927523), 2133 (N, N)3 Hutchison & Wright 5548 (W--2509032); Luteyn & Lebron-Luteyn 5526 (N, W--2915260). Piura: Sagdstegui A., Lépez, & Mestacero 10225 (Ld).
PAEPALANTHUS SUBCAULESCENS N. E. Bre
Additional bibliography: Knuth, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Beith, 43: [Init. Fl. Venez.] 180--181. 1927; Mold., Phytologia 35: 33-- 34. 1976; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 63: 3041. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 118, 122, & 619. 1980.
Knuth (1927) cites Connell & Quelch 300 from Roraima, Venez-— uela. Actually the first-mentioned of these collectors is F. McConnell.
Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPING: N. E. Br., Trans. Linn, Soc. Lond. Bote, ser. 2, 6: 71. 1901 (W).
PAEPALANTHUS SUBFALCATUS Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 388. 1974; Mold., Phytologia 35: 34--35. 1976; Mold., Biol. Abstr, 63:
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 65
3041. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159, 428, & 619. 1980. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Irwin, Santos, Souza, & Fonseca 23355 (W--2582551A).
PAEPALANTHUS SUBFALCATUS var. VILLOSUS Mold,
Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 388. 1974; Mold., Phytologia 35: 35. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619, 1980.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Irwin, Fonseca, Souza, Santos, & Ramos 28201 (W--2709898-- isotype).
PAEPALANTHUS SUBTILIS Miq.
Additional bibliography: Knuth, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 43: [Init. Fl. Venez.] 181. 1927; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.31: 17. 1978; Mold., Phytologia 42: 31 & 34. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 118, 122, 124, 159, 428, & 619. 1980; Mold. in Harley & Mayo, To- ward Checklist Fl. Bahia 75. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 245 &
248 (1982) and 54: 80 & 151. 1983.
Recent ‘collectors describe this plant as an herb, 5--10 cm. tall, with gray, grayish-white, or whitish inflorescence heads and have found it growing "locally abundant" in disturbed areas of sandy savannas, in wet sandy soil of laja granitica, in igapo, on open white-sand roadbanks, in areas of "sandstone, metamorphic and quartzite rock outcrops with associated marsh and damp flushes", and on "rocky riversides with rapids, riverine vegetation, cerra- do with sandstone outcrops and some grassland areas subject to flooding", at 75-1500 m. altitude, flowering and fruiting in February, March, June, and July. Goodland reports it from "grassland with scattered trees, the dominants being Curatella, Byrsonima, Trachypogon, & Fimbristylis", A photograph of the plant in situ is said to accompany Plowman & al. 9560.
The Egler 47650, cited by me in a previous paper as P. sub- tilis, is a mixture of P. leucocyaneus var. egleri Mold. and Syngonanthus glandulosus f. epapillosus Mold,
Knuth (1927) cites "Connell"[=McConnell] & Quelch 312 from Roraima and Gaillard 95 from Bolfvar, Venezuela.
Material of P. subtilis has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as Lachnocaulon SP. On the other hand, the Steyermark & Pruski 121066, distributed as P. subtilis, actually is P. aristatus Mold.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: O, Huber 1085 (Ld), 2144 (Ld), 4652 (Ld), 5601 (Ld), 5621 (Ld); Huber & Tillett 937 (Ld); Molina & Barkley 18V186 (W--1999487). Bolfvar: J. Ae Steyermark 89700 (W--2486399). GUYANA: Goodland 282 (W-- 2548120); Maguire & Fanshawe 23000 (W--1907815), SURINAM: Ma- guire 23984 (W--1907852). BRAZIL: Amapa: Maguire, Murca Pires,
& Maguire 47129 (W—2435345). Amazdnas: Alencar 43 (Ld, N, W— 2932763); Poole 1616 (Ld, N); Prance, Steward, Ramos, Fidalgo, & Prance 20201 (N, W--2935295); Schmidt & Pabst 9684 [Herb. Brad. 70039] (Ld). Bahia: Harley, Mayo, Storr, Santos, & Pinheiro in Harley 19577 (Ld, N, W--2936333), 20127 (Ld, N). Parad: Plowman,
66 PAHS Yee Os ONG RETA Vol. 55,5) Now eZ Rosa, & Rosario 9784 (Ld, N).
PAEPALANTHUS SUBTILIS var. HIRSUTUS Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: "M, P. B."" [Mold.], Biol. Abstr. 63: 6594. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 113. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 124, 159, 428, & 619, 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 245, 1982.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Huber & Tillett 2851 (Ld).
PAEPALANTHUS SUBTILIS var, PUBERULUS Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: "M. P. B."' [Mold.], Biol. Abstr. 63: 6594. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 1]3--114. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619, 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 248. 1982,
Plowman and his associates encountered this plant on open white-sand campina and photographed it in situ.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Pard: Plowman, Rosa, & Rosario 9560 (Ld, N, W--2967824),
PAEPALANTHUS SUCCISUS Mart.
Additional synonymy: Paepalanthus succisus "Mart. ex Koern," apud Mold, in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 76. 1980.
Additional bibliography: "M. P, R."" [Mold.], Biol. Abstr. 63: 6594, 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 114. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159, 428, 619, & 628. 1980; Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 76, 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 263. 1982.
Recent collectors describe this species as a rosette herb, to 25 cm. tall, the leaves gray-green, the involucral bractlets dark, and the florets white. They have found it growing on campo rupestre and in marshes in a region of "sandstone, metamorphic and quartzite rock outcrops associates with marsh and damp flushes", at 1000--1500 m. altitude, in flower in February and July.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Mavo, Storr, Santos, & Pinheiro in Harley 19551 (Ld, N, W--2936326)3; Mori, King, Santos, & Hage 12404 (Ld, W--2854259).
PAEPALANTHUS SUFFRUTICANS Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: "M. P. B." [Mold.], Biol. Abstr. 63: 6594. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 114--115. 1977; Monteiro, Giu- lietti, Mazzoni, & Castro, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo 7: 44. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619. 1980.
Recent collectors have encountered this plant at 1500--1700 nm. altitude, flowering in November, and refer to it as an herb, 60 cm. tall, with white flowers.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Cruz, Shepherd, & al, 6475 (W--2883679).
PAEPALANTHUS SUFFRUTICANS var. ANGUSTIFOLIUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: "M, P. R." [Mold.], Biol. Abstr. 63: 6594. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 115. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619. 1980,
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 67
PAEPALANTHUS SUPERBUS Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: "M, P. B." [Mold.], Biol. Abstr. 63: 6594. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 115--116. 1977; Mold., Phytol, Mem. 2: 159 & 619. 1980,
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: A. Silveira 373 (Ld--photo). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv, Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: pl. 168. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS SUPINUS KUrn.
Additional bibliography: "M. P. B." [Mold.], Biol. Abstr. 63: 6594. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 116--117. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159, 175, & 619. 1980.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: W. R. Anderson 9900
(W--2755481). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: KUrn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. pmGie 352) & 507. 1863 (NW).
PAEPALANTHUS SYCHNOPHYLLUS Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 34, 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619, 1980; Mold., Phytologia 55: 47, 1984. The Sucre & al, 5312 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 175198], dis- tributed in some herbaria as P. sychnophyllus, actually ig P. ramosus (Wikstr.) Kunth.
PAEPALANTHUS SYNGONANTHOIDES Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: "M, P. B." [Mold.], Biol. Abstr. 63: 6594. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 118--119. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619. 1980,
Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Siilve, “Ll. Serr. Min. 67. 1908 (W)s Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: pl. ithe. L928 ACid',. -N 5 Wis
PAEPALANTHUS TATEI Mold,
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 34. 1979; Mold., Phytol Mem. 2: 110, 118, 122, 224, 357, & 619. 1980.
Recent collectors have encountered this plant in rock crevices at the edges of rivers, on forested slopes of sandstone substrate, on moist sandstone slopes, along rivulets on wet sandstone, in sandy soil on shaded wet banks in primary wet forests, at the edges of streams in primary forested areas (the forest evergreen) with soils tending to be sandy and derived from schist or gneiss rock, and "common" in Wet dwarf forests, at 600--1310 m, altitude, in flower in July and November, and in both flower and fruit in March, They describe the inflorescence as "grayish" or the "fruiting-heads jet-black",
The Bogner specimen cited below was grown from seeds collected on Mt. Auyantepui, Venezuela.
The Maguire, Phelps, Hitchcock, & Budowski 31718, Steyermark 75491, and Steyermark, Espinosa, McDiarmid, & Brewer-Carias 115718, distributed and/or cited by me previously as P. tatei, are now believed, instead, to represent the closely related P. scopu- lorum Mold., while Steyermark & Wurdack 1080 is P. scopulorum var, auyantepuiensis Mold.
68 Bebwyeer lO, EG ONG earl: Vol. 55, No. 2
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Maguire, Cowan, & Wurdack 29631 (W--2046480); Maguire & Maguire 35020 (W--2168937), 35021 (W €2168938), 35208 (W--2168942); Maguire & Politi 27343 (W--2046426), 27702 (W--2046443). Bolivar: Luteyn, Lebrdén-Luteyn, & Steyermark 6262 (N, W--2939058); J. A. Steyermark 75504 (W-- 2407756), 75998 (W--2407781), 90337 (W--2430216), 93450 (W-- 2584114); Steyermark & Maas 123730 (Lc); Steyermark & Nilsson 723 (W--2400064); Steyermark & Wurdack 1123 (W--2168532). Tachira: Liesner & Gonzalez 10336 (Ld); Liesner, Gonzalez, & Smith 9598 (Ld, N); Steyermark & Liesner 118877 (Ld), 118926 (Ld), 119030 (Ld); Steyermark, Liesner, & Gonzalez 119863 (Ld). GUYANA: Ma- guire & Fanshawe 32538 (W--2168884). SURINAM: Maguire 24241 (W—- 1907835), 24670 (W--1907841), 24832 (W--1907845); Maguire, Schulz, Soderstrom, & Holmgren 54203 (W-—2514872). CULTIVATED: Germany: Bogner 170/75 (Ld).
PAEPALANTHUS TENUICAULIS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: "M., P. B." [Mold.], Biol, Abstr. 63: 6594, 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 121. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. de 113-115; pl. 166, fig. 2. :1928 GidsaN, W).
PAEPALANTHUS TESSMANNII Mold.
Additional bibliography: "M. P. B." [Mold.], Biol. Abstr. 63: 6594. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 37: 54--55., 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619. 1980.
Hatschbach encountered this plant in brejo, in flower in Decem- ber.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parand: Hatschbach 42658 (Ld); Reitz & Klein 17457 (W--2548328).
PAEPALANTHUS TORTILIS (Bong.) Mart.
Additional synonymy: Paepalanthus tortilis (Bong.) "Mart, ex Koern." apud Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 76. 1980. Paepalanthus tortilis (Bong.) Ruhl. ex Mold., Phytolo- gia 54: 244 in syn. 1983.
Additional bibliography: Knuth, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih, 43: [Init. Fl. Venez.] 181. 1927; Mold., Phytologia 42: 34-- 35. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 110, 118, 159, 404, 426, 428, 619, & 628, 1980; Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 76. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 263 (1982) and 54: 128 & 244. 1983.
Recent collectors describe this plant as a small heliophytic herb, 12--15 cm. tall, the leaves bright- or light-green, the sheaths “paler on the lower surface", the flower-heads white, and the involucral bractlets "black-gray with white spots" [tufts of hair?], They have found it growing in caatinga, in "mixed restinga, mainly high restinga on drier ground with areas of nor- mally wet sedge meadow [brejo ‘, in wet sand and in shallow pools in a region of sandstone rocks and open scrub on rocky hillsides, in wet places with Sphagnum, in wet sandy soil, and "in flush by
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 69
roadside between rocks in area of sandstone rocks intersected by small streams with some disturbed areas by roadsides", at 500-- 1180 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in January, February, April, and July.
The Maas & Carauta 3148, cited below, is a mixture with Leioth- rix dielsii Ruhl. and it is very possible that the description given on the label (see above) really applies only to that (major) part of the collection. Surely on herbarium sheets the inflores- cence heads of P. tortilis appear to be almost black.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Mayo, Storr, Santos, & Pinheiro in Harley 18052 (Ld, N, W--2936331), 18691 (Ld, N, W—-2936328), 18725 (Ld, N, W—2936327); Harley, Renvoize, Erskine, Brighton, & Pinheiro in Harley 15957 (W—-2771332); Hatsch- bach & Guimaraes 42414 (Ld). Rio de Janeiro: Araujo & Maciel 4019 [Herb. FEEMA 14859] (Ld); Maas & Carauta 3148 in part (Ut-- 355112B); Le Be Smith 6590 (W--2120188); Sucre, Graziela, Ichaso, & Carvalho 175201 (W--2948091); Ule 868 (W-—2699215). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 24, 1831 (N, W); Kunth,
Enum. Pl. 3: 502--503 & 572, 1841 (N, W); A. St.-Hil., Voy. Dist. Diam. 1: 392. 1833 (N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS TORTILIS var. GLABERRIMUS Mart. & Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 4787. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 37: 55. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159, 404, & 619. 1980.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Araujo 3297 [Herb. FEEMA 15489] (Ld).
PAEPALANTHUS TORTILIS var. MINOR Mold.
Additional bibliography: "M. P. B."" [Mold.], Biol. Abstr. 63: 6594. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 37: 55. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 619. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS TRIANGULARIS (L.) KUrn.
Additional & emended bibliography: J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, imp. 1, 2: 206. 1791; Savage, Cat. Linn, Herb. Lond. 21. 1945; "M. P. B." [Mold.], Biol. Abstr. 63: 6594. 1977; Mold., Phy- tologia 35: 127--129. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159, 432, &
619. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS TRICHOLEPIS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: "M. P. B." [Mold.], Biol. Abstr. 63: 6594. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 129--130. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159, 428, & 619. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 32--33, pl. 14. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS TRICHOPEPLUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: "M. P. B." [Mold.], Biol. Abstr. 63: 6594. 1977; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 686. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 252. 1977; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.31: 17. 1978; Mold., Phy- tol, Mem. 2: 159 & 620. 1980.
70 Pe Vere nO ONG, sara Vol. 55, Now 2
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Irwin, Maxwell, & Wasshausen 20075 (W--2598326), 20076 (W--2569053A), MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 151--152, pl. eig TIC PAY Gaels Ite Ae
PAEPALANTHUS TRICHOPETALUS KUrn.
Additional bibliography: Domin, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz, 24 [sers) 26) 91h 248.2901) "Mo P. BL" [Mold. ],/Biol<) Abstrena3e 6594. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 130--131. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 620. 1980.
Gardner misidentified and distributed his material of this tax- on as Eriocaulon SP.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: G, Gardner 5268 (W--1067054--isotype).
PAEPALANTHUS TRICHOPHYLLUS (Bong) (KUrn.
Additional bibliography: "M, P. B." [Mold.], Biol. Abstr. 63: 6594. 1977; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 686. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 252--253. 1977; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.31: 17. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 620. 1980; Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 76. 1980
Recent collectors describe this plant as qn erect branched herb, 25--35 cm. tall, the leaves gray- OF grayish-green, the involucral bractlets brown or dark-brown, and the florets whit- ish, They have found it growing in dry places on campo rupestre, in marshes in a region of "sandstone, conglomerate, metamorphic and quartzite rock outcrops with associated scrubby vegetation with damp flushes, grassland, and marsh in some areas", at 1300-- 1850 m. altitude, flowering and fruiting in March and July.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Mayo, Storr, Santos, & Pinheiro in Harley 19727 (Ld, N, W--2936315), 19729 (Ld, N, W--2936314), 19733 (Ld, N, W--2936313); Harley, Renvoize, Erskine, Brighton, & Pinheiro in Harley 16066 (W--2791566). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Kunth, Enum, Pl. 3: 579. 1841 (N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS TRUXILLENSIS KbBrn,.
Additional bibliography: Knuth, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 43: [Init. Fl. Venez.] 181. 1927; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 686. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 253--254, 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 118 & 620. 1980.
Recent collectors describe this plant as having the leaves dull pale-green or rich-green on both surfaces, the flower-heads white or dull-white, and the involucral bractlets "gray-black" or "black-green", They have encountered it on paramos, at 3000-—- 3200 m. altitude, flowering in June,
Knuth (1927) cites only Linden 297 from Trujillo, Venezuela.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Apure: Steyermark, Dunster- ville, & Dunsterville 98629 (N), 101142 (N). Lara: Liesner, Gonzalez, Wingfield, & Burandt 8054 (Ld). Tachira: Steyermark 57371 (W--1901728).
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 7
PAEPALANTHUS TUBERCULATUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 686. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 254. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 620. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 222--224, pl. 147. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS TUBEROSUS (Bong.) Kunth
Additional synonymy: Paepalanthus tuberosus (Bong.) Ruhl, ex Mold., Phytologia 54: 244 in syn. 1983.
Additional & emended bibliography: Bong., Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersb., ser. 6, 1: 629--630. 1831; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 686.1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 254--255 & 279. 1977; Mold., Phy- tol. Mem. 2: 159 & 620. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 44: 244. 1983.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 29. 1831 (N, W); Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 575. 1841 (N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS ULEANUS Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 35. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 620. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS UNCINATUS G, Gardn.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 686. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 256. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 159 & 620. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS UNDULATUS Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 686. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 256--257 & 278, 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 160 & 620. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS URBANIANUS Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Anon., Roy. Bot. Gard. Kew Lib. Awaren. 8: 33. 1978; Mold., Phytologia 42: 35. 1979; Mold., Phy- tol. Mem. 2: 160 & 620. 1980,
Additional citations: RRAZIL: Goids: W. R. Anderson 7689 (W-- 2755406).
PAEPALANTHUS URBANIANUS Var. ANGUSTIFOLIUS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold,, Phytologia 42: 35. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 160 & 620. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS USTERII Beauverd
Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 686. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 258--259. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 160 & 620. 1980,
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Beauverd, Bull, Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 8: 295. 1908 (N, W).
PAFPALANTHUS VAGINANS Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 686. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 259, 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 160 & 620,
72 VP Wel NG AE (0), 165 (0) (ee I Vol. 55, No. 2
1980. Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 166-~167, pl. 106. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS VAGINATUS KUrn.
Additional bibliography: Phytologia 35: 259-260. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 160 & 620. 1980.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Irwin, Santos, Sovza, & Fonséca 22825 (W-=2582553A).
PAEPALANTHUS VARIABILIS Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 686. 1977;
Mold., Phytologia 35: 261. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 160 & 620. 1980.
Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Serr. Min. 49. 1908 (W); Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1:°154— 156, pl. 97 & 98. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS VARIABILIS VaYe GLABRESCENS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 686. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 261. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 160 & 620. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 156. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS VELLOZIOIDES KUrn.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 686. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 260, 262--263, & 279 (1977) and 37: 35. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 160 & 620, 1980.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Maguire, Maguire,
& Murca Pires 44680 (Ld, N).
PAEPALANTHUS VELUTINUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 686, 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 264. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 160 & 620. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 145--147, pl. 91. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS VENETIFOLIUS Mold. & Steyerm.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 35. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 160 & 620. 1980.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: Steyermark, Espinoza, & Brewer-Carias 109405 (W--2813879--isotype). MOUNTED ILLUSTRA- TIONS: Mold, in Steyerm. & Brewer-Carfas, Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci- enc. Nat. 132/133: [285], fig. 4. 1976 (1d).
PAEPALANTHUS VENUSTOIDES Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 686, 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 264. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 118, 427, & 620. 1980,
Additional citations: MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Mold., Act. Biol.
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae a3 Venez. 2: 49. 1957 (Ld); Soukup, Biota 5: 302. 1959 (Ld).
PAEPALANTHUS VENUSTUS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 686. 1977;
Mold., Phytologia 37: 55 (1977) and 38: 126. 1977; Hocking, Ex- cept. Bot. A.31: 17 & 18. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 118 & 620. 1980.
Recent collectors have found this plant growing at 1650 m, altitude,
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolivar: B, Maguire 32800 (W--2168891), 32840 (W--2168893--isotype), 32884 (W--2168894); Steyermark, Berry, Dunsterville, & Dunsterville 117452a (Ld).
PAEPALANTHUS VESTITUS Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.31: 17. 1978; Mold., Phytologia 42: 35. 1979; Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 76. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 160 & 620. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS VESTITUS var. CAULESCENS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 35. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 160 & 620. 1980; Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 76. 1980.
Recent collectors describe this plant as shrubby, with an erect to creeping stem to 1 m. long and with spiral phyllotaxy, the leaves silvery-gray. They have found it growing in the shade of rocks in a region of "sandstone, conglomerate, metamorphic and quartzite rock outcrops with associated scrubby vegetation with damp flushes, grassland, and marsh in some areas", at 1500--1850 m. altitude, in flower and fruit in February and March.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Mayo, Storr, San- tos, & Pinheiro in Harley 19579 (K, K), 19704 (N).
PAEPALANTHUS VIGIENSIS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 278. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 160 & 620. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS VILLIPES Mold.
Synonymy: Paepalanthus viliipes Mold., Phytologia 54: 244 in syn. 1983.
Additional bibliography: Mold,, Phytologia 35: 278--279. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 160 & 620. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 54: 244. 1983.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Pard: Murca Pires 4082 (W-- 2221370).
PAEPALANTHUS VILLOSULUS Mart.
Additional bibliography: Domin, Ann, Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 24 [ser. 2, 9]: 248. 1911; Mold., Phytologia 35: 279—280. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 160 & 620. 1980.
74 PH Yee reOn On GataeA Vol. 55, Nose 2
PAEPALANTHUS VIRIDIPES Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 280. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 160 & 620. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont... 2ehad5——116, pl. ¥1.01928: (edn, W).
PAEPALANTHUS VIRIDIS KBrn.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 35--36. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 118, 160, & 620. 1980.
Recent collectors describe this plant as having dull-green leaves and "pale-white" flowering heads. They have found it growing on sandy shaded banks bordering roadside ditches, at 250-- 300 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in November.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: TAchira: Steyermark, Liesner, & Gonzalez 119549 (Ld).
PAEPALANTHUS VIRIDULUS Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 281--282. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 160 & 620. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS VISCOSUS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 282. 1977; Mold., Phytol, Mem. 2: 125 & 620. 1980.
Huber & Tillett have encountered this plant in extensive shrubby matorrales and frequent on banks, in the open, and in anegadizas areas, at 100--120 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in March and July, describing the inflorescence heads as white or dark-gray and dry. They further state that it "formando pequefios cojines, frecuente en la sabana y sobre el arena desnuda de la antigua carretera",
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: O, Huber 5150 (Ld); Huber & Tillett 5352 (Ld), 5447 (Ld). SURINAM: Archer 2836 (W-- 2250358--isotype); Maguire & Stahel 23665 (W--1907850), 24979 (W-- 1907846).
PAEPALANTHUS WARMINGIANUS (KUrn.) KUrn. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 282--283. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 160 & 620. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS WEBERBAUERI Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 36. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 134 & 620. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS WEDDELLIANUS K8rn. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 283--284. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 160 & 620. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS wILLIaMstr Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 36. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 110, 118, 160, & 620. 1980; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. Al36e 225 1981.
Recent collectors describe this plant as 30 cm. tall, the
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Friocaulaceae 75 flowers cream ¢olor or "tan", and "the inflorescence producing plantlets". They have found it growing in white sand of flooded campina, in forests next to white sand savannas, in sandy soil
of campo fechada, and "not common" in very wet spots of white sand campina, in flower in June, July, and November, and in fruit in April and May.
Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Vaupés: Schultes, Baker, & Cabrera 18166 (W-~2198895). VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Davidse, Huber, & Tillett 16962 (Ld); Huber, Tillett, & Davidse 3770 (Ld); Ma- guire & Wurdack 34549 (W--2168930); Maguire, Wurdack, & Keith 41757 (W--2279317). BRAZIL: Amazénas: Calderdn, Monteiro, & Guedes 2671 (Ld, W--2931234); cid, Buck, Nelson, Almeida, Mota, & Lima 466 (Ld). Para: Froes 29934 (W--2343719). Roraima: Steward, Araujo, Buck, Ramos, & Ribamar 97 (Ld, N, N, W--2930232).
PAEPALANTHUS WURDACKI Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 284--285., 1977; Mold, Phytol. Mem. 2: 134 & 620. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS XANTHOPUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 285. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 160 & 620. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 70--72, pl. 41. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
PAEPALANTHUS XIPHOPHYLLUS Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 285. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 160 & 620. 1980.
PAEPALANTHUS YUCCA Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 1838. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 35: 285--286. 1977; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.31: 17. 1978; Angely, S. Amer. Bot. Bibl. 2: 674, 1980; Mold., Phy=- tol. Mem. 2: 160 & 620. 1980,
PHILODICE Mart.
Additional & emended bibliography: Meisn., Pl. Vasc. Gen. 2: 312. 1843; Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 454. 1888; Post & Kuntze, Lexi- con 431 & 623. 1904; Lotsy, Vortr. Bot. Stammesges. 3 (1): 707. 1911; Knuth, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 43: [Init. Fl. Ver- ez.] 183. 1927; Rouleau, Guide Ind. Kew, 145 & 270. 1970; Thani- kaimoni, Inst. Franc. Pond, Trav. Sect. Scient. Techn. 13: 180 & 285. 1976; Giulietti, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo 6: [61] & 63. 1978; tiocking, Excerpt. Bot. A,31: 17 & 18. 1978; Mold., Phytolo- gia 42: 36 & 509, 1977; Monteiro, Giulietti, Mazzoni, & Castro, Bol, Bot. Univ. S. Paulo 7: [43], 45, 47, 54, & 59, fig. 101. 1979; Moid., Phytologia 45: 40 & 509. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. Sebo, 118, 223, 125, 160, 172, 426, 430, 431, 6.620. 19805 Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.36: 22. 1981; Badillo, Schnee, & Rojas, Ernstia 14: [Clave Fam. Pl. Sup. Venez., ed. 6] 213. 1983; Mold., Phytologia 52: 508 (1983), 54: 244 (1983), and 54: 509. 1983.
76 Pe Yl 10h ONG aiaA Vol. 55, Now 2
PHILODICE CUYABENSIS (Bong.) KUrn.
Additional synonymy: Philodice cuyabensis (Bong.) Ruhl, ex Mold., Phytologia 54: 244 in syn. 1983,
Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 1838; Mold., Phytologia 35: 288--289 (1977) and 38: 50. 1977; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.31l: 17, 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 160 & 620, 1980; Mold., Phytologia 54: 244, 1983,
Poole refers to this plant as an infrequent annual, <o 5 cn. tall, with whitish inflorescence heads, and found it iu flower and fruit in June,
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazénas: Poole 1795 (N). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 34. 1831 (W); Kunth, Enum. PLS ais) 57s SAL CNS WW).
PHILODICE HOFFMANNSEGGII Mart,
Additional bibliography: Knuth, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 43: [Init. Fl. Venez.] 183. 1927; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A, 31: 17 & 18. 1978; Mold., Phytologia 42: 36. 1979; Monteiro, Gi- ulietti, Mazzoni, & Castro, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo 7: [43],045. 47, 54, & 59, fig. 101. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: ilitit, alalf3}. 123, 125, 160, 172, 426, & 620. 1980; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A. 3622 LOSie
Additional illustrations: Monteiro, Giulietti, Mazzoni, & Cas- (Seo), Wola Ihone5 Whephys Bo Iveymloy 7/8 Si), gles aloo w/a
Recent collectors describe this plant as 10 cm. tall, growing in tufts, with white or "dirty-white" inflorescence heads, They have found it growing in wet sandy soil, in places visited by cattle near swamps, in sandy soil of campo rupestre, in seepage areas and sandy spots in low forested areas around ponds. "rare in sandy areas along airstrips", and "rare on beach dunes in associ= ation with Anacardium, Byrsonima, and Chrysobalanus", at 62--900 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in March, June, and Decem- ber.
Knuth (1927) cites Gaillard 167 and Passarge & Selwyn 352, 359, & 577 from Bolivar, Venezuela.
Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as Paepalanthus bifidus (Schrad.) Kunth,
Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Magdalena: Haught 2357 (W-- 1707006). VENEZUELA: Apure: Davidse & Gonzdlez 13695 (Ld). Bolf- var: Wurdack & Monachino 39958 (W--2223431). Guatico: Delascio, Montes, & Davidse 11202 (1d), 11273 (E--2994260). GUYANA: Good- land & Persaud 778 (W—2548132); Maas, Westra, & al. 4105 (ld, N)3 Ao Ce. Smith 2284 (W--1776734). SURINAM: Freund & Freund R.26b (W--2371503); Irwin, Prance, Soderstrom, & Holmgren 55932 (W=- 2515086). BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Malme 1634 (W--1483434); Prance & Schaller 26250 (Ld, N); Rosa & Santos 1973 (N). Minas Gerais: Hatschbach 42897 (Ld, W--2931959), Pard: austin, Nauman, Nelson, & Prince 6951 (Id, N). Piaui: G, Gardner 2749bis (W--1440337),
RONDONANTHUS Herzog
Additional bibliography: Knuth, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 43: [Init, Fl. Venez.] 180. 1927; Rouleau, Guide Ind, Kew, 164 & 270. 1970; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 1838. 1977; Hocking, Excerpt.
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 77
Bot. A.31: 17 & 18. 1978; Mold., Phytologia 37: 56 & 510. 1977; Giulietti, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo 6: 63. 1978; Mold., Phytolo- gia 42: 36--37 & 510 (1979) and 45: 40 & 510. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 118, 123, 398, 436, & 620. 1980; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.36: 22. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 50: 245 & 510 (1982) and 54: 263. 1983; Badillo, Schnee, & Rojas, Ernstia 14: [Clave Fam, Pl. Sup. Venez., ed. 6] 213. 1983; Mold., Phytologia 54: 510. 1984,
RONDONANTHUS MICROPETALUS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 37: 56. 1977; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.31: 17 & 18. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 118 & 620. 1980.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: J. A. Steyermark 58777 (W--1901784--isotype).
RONDONANTHUS RORAIMAE (Oliv.) Herzog
Additional bibliography: Knuth, Feddes Repert. Spec, Nov. Beih. 43: [Imit. Fl. Venez.] 180. 1927; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.31:
17 & 18. 1978; Mold., Phytologia 42: 36--37. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 118, 123, 398, 436, & 620. 1980; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.36: 22. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 50: 245 (1982) and 54: 263. 1983.
Recent collectors have encountered this plant at 2500 m. alti- tude, in fruit in February.
Knuth (1927) cites "Connell « Quelch" 102, 305, & 660, ImThurn 294, and vle s.n. from Roraima, Nenezuela. The Steyermark, Es- pinosa, McDiarmid, & Brewer-Carias 115885, distributed as R- roraimae, actually is Paepalanthus duidae Gleason.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Steyermark, Brewer- Carias, & Liesner 124469 (N). Bolivar: J, A. Steyermark 58799 (W--1987387). GUYANA: ImThurn 294 (W--253901--isotype). BRAZIL: Roraima: Litzelburg 21605 [Macbride photos 18723] (Ld--photo). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Oliv., Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 2: 286. 1887 (N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS Ruhl.
Additional & emended bibliography: Raf., Atl. Jovrn., imp. l, 1: 121. 1832; Post & Kuntze, Lexicon 219, 546, & 623, 1904; Ruhl. in Wettstein, Denkschr. K, Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. 79: 87. 1908; Thonner, BlUtenpfl., Afr. 129. 1908; Thonner, Flow. Pl. Afr. WA Lolosits, Co Willie, Dict. Flow. Pld, ed. 55 635. 19255 Knuth, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 43: [Init., Fl. Venez.] 180-- 182, 1927; Airy Shaw in J. C. Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 6, imp. 1, 418, 430, 656, & 1095. 1931; Raf., Autikon Bot., imp. 2, 189. 1943; Raf., Atl. Journ., imp. 2, 1: 121. 1946; Airy Shaw in J. C. Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 6, imp. 2, 418, 430, 656, & 1095. 1948; Lawrence, Taxon. Vasc. Pl., imp. 1, 405 & 818. 1951; Airy Shaw in J. C. Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 6, imp. 3, 635 (1951) and ed. 7, 418, 430, 656, & 1095. 1966; Rouleau. Guide Ind. Kew. 110, 183, & 270. 1970; Lawrence, Taxon. Vasc. Pl., imp. 2, 405 & 818. 1971; Wedge, Pl. Names, ed. 1, 18 (1973) and ed. 2, 24, 1974; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 291--293 & 388. 1974; Galvdo & Caval-
78 PH YeteOe (OG 7A Vol. 555, Nols (2
cante, Bol. Mus. Para. Goeldi, ser. 2, Bot. 1: 3 & 15. 1975; Thanikaimoni, Inst. Franc. Pond. Trav. Sect. Scient, Techn. 13: 229 & 285. 197€; Anon., Roy. Bot. Gard. Kew Lib. Curr. Awaren. 8: 33 (1978), 9: 23 & 33 (1978), and 10: 27. 1978; C. D. Cook in Hey-— wood, Flow. Pl. World 281 & 282, fig. 2. 1978; Giulietti, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Pavlo 6: 63. 1978; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.31: 17 & 18. 1978; Monteiro-Scanavacca & Mazzoni, Revist. Bras. Bot. 1: [59]. 1978; Anon., Roy. Bot. Gard. Kew Lit. Curr. Awaren. 2: 28 & 39. 1979; Anon., Biol. Abstr, 68: 4592. 1979; Benson, Pl. Classif., ed. 2, 373. 1979; Cronquist, How Know Seed Pl, 124—-125, fig. 265. 1979; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. vA.33: 5, 87, 89, & 165. 1979s Kraus in Godfrey & Wooten, Aquat. Wetl. Pl. Southeast. U. S. 520 & 529--530, fig. 307. 1979; Mold., Phytologia 42: 30, 31, 37--44, 199--208, & 511 (1979), 43: 356 & 511 (1979), and 44: 215--216, 384, & 511. 1979; Monteiro, Giulietti, Mazzoni, & Castro, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo 7: [43]--47, 53, & 58, fig. 70--88. 1979; An- gely, S. Am. Bot. Bibl. 2: 670), 671, 673, 675, & 678. T9802sMolid., Phytollogiia 45):405 209; 477), (478), 1& SiS pl. 5.1980), 462 o5ee 51, (1980), -and 472) 17. 1980; Mold..,, Phytol, Mem. 2:) 16, 2855202 2h=——- 26s HOP igy od 45 S25 845)-915192 96, ADI 1261195 1 20)7 ae WAs AIS alse ase ales Al al/Sin aly )R altsKoR ale, AOA AO, 210)2)- aS\ ZA 7A PE C7ain HBIo Pn H8k5 AOS onl Sie, Siv/sin, 37/2); 397, 398, 400, 401, 404, 405, 418, 424--428, 435, 441--444, 463, 498, & 620 €628. 1980; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.35: 324. 1980; J. T. & R. Kortesz, Syn. Checklist Vasc. Fl. 2: 197. 1980; Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 76--77. 1980; Cronq., Integ. Syst. Classif. 1118. 1981; Duncan & Kortesz, Vasc. Fl. Ga. 36. 1981; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.36: 22 & 23. 1981; Mold., Phy— tologia 47: 511 (1981), 48: 291 & 511 (1981), and 49: 293 & 511. 1981; Silva & Mori, Cent. Pesq. Cacau Bol. Tecn. 89: 8, 52, & 53. 1981; Cronq. in S. P. Parker, Synop, Classif, Liv. Organisms 1: 472. 1982; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.39: 101. 1982; Mold., Phyto- Vogial50)s) 2155) 234. 2435245), 246,248, 263, 264, 2705) 6 ou @U982) 5) 5526245,,,5302, .& 508) 61982) sand) 523) 9195 eee 232. 1982; Reis & Lipp, New Pl. Sources Drugs 22. 1982; Wunder- lin, Guide Vasc. Pl. Cent. Fla. 125 & 126. 1982; Badillo, Schnee, & Rojas, Ervstia 14: [Clave Fam. Pl. Sup. Venez., ed. 6] 213. 19833 Mold., Phytologia 52: 511.(1983), 53: 264, 270, 311, 320; 367; 368, & 510, 61983),,. and 542, 68,..69, 122, 131,136,139) teas Ag 232 9 BLO He ZO Og 2 7 ge oOs 2445 12595 -2O5i5) 2095 4 Olt So ame 451. 1983; Ramaswamy, Arekal, & Kaju, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 110: 289. 1983; Mold., Phytologia 54: 511 (1984) and 55: 43, 45, & 52. 1984.
The Maas & Westra 4029, distributed as Syngonanthus sp., actu- ally is Eriocaulon tenuifolium Klotzsch, while Rabelo 6 is E. aquatile var. latifolium Mold., Moore, Ambrose, Dietz, & Pfister 9813 is Paepalanthus cumbricola Mold., and Rosa & Santos 9813 ig Pe oyapockensis Herzog ,
SYNGONANTHUS ACIPHYLLUS (Bong.) Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 1838. 19773; Mold., Phytologia 35: 303 & 309--310 (1977) and 37: 487. 1977;
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Friocaulaceae 79
Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.31: 17. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 163, 397, 442, & 620. 1980.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Anderson, Stieber, & Kirkbride 35448 (W—2709604).
SYNGONANTHUS ACOPANENSIS Mold,
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 310. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 119 & 620. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 245 (1982) AndeJ4s Sls 156,°&'263., 1985.
Recent collectors describe this plant as growing in clumps, the leaves subcoriaceous but flexible, erect, stiff, rich- or grass- green throughout, the inflorescence heads dry, gray, grayish- white, or "gray and blackish", the bracts blackish, the flowers themselves dull-white. They have encountered it in openings in zanjon, in wet soil of large swamps, in Chimantaea mirabilis vege- tation, and in low scrub of Mallophyton chimantensis. [t is said to be in and at the margins of Mallophyton-Brocchinia areas, fre- quently forming small colonies in small open depressions, frequent- ly among 30--40 cm. tall grasses, on open sandy banks of rivers mixed with Leiothrix flavescens yar, alpina Mold., and at the edges of sandstone rock formations bordering subsavannas of Mallo- phyton and Chimantaea, at altitudes of 2200-—-2685 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in January, February, and June. Steyermark refers to the leaves as "membranous" and ascending, but actually they are subcoriaceous or coriaceous.
Material of this taxon has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as Paepalanthus duidae Gleason. On the other hand, the maguire & al. 65638, distributed as S, acopanensis, actu- ally is paepalanthus duidae Gleason, while Steyermark 75926 is the type collection of Leiothrix mucronata var. glabra Mold.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: Huber « Steyermark 6964 (Ld), 6970 (Id), 7160 (Ld); J. A. Steyermark 75925 (W-— 2407778); steyermark, Espinosa, McDiarmid, & Brewer-Carfas 11581l8a (Ld); steyermark, Huber, & Carrefo E. 128165 in part (Id), 128872 (Ld), 128938 (Ld).
SYNGONANTHUS ALBOPULVINATUS (Mold.) Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 310--311. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 119, 123, 442, & 620. 1980.
Recent collectors describe this plant as a rosulate herb, with the leaves blue- or gray-green or "green with gray-white hairines'", and the inflorescence heads white, "dull-white", or grayish-white. They have found it growing "in separate gray White clumps" in open sandstone rocky areas bordering wet savannas and frequent in sand - openings on savannas, at 850--2200 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in January, February, April, and October and December.
Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as S, gracilis var. koernickeanus Ruhl,
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: 0, Huber 3629 (Lc). Bolfvar: Huber, Alarcon, & Barreat 6769(Ild); sSteyermark, Huber, & Carreno E, 128256 (Ld); Steyermark & Nilsson 638 (Mi, N, N, (W-- 2486248); Steyermark & Pruski 121065 (Ld); Steyermark & Wurdack
80 PB e-O se OnG, LA Vol. 55, Noo 2
363 (W--2168505, W--2407715). GUYANA: Maas, Mennega, & Groen 5699 (Ld).
SYNGONANTHUS ALLENI Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 37. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 111, 119, 163, & 620. 1980; Hocking, Excerpt. Bota Assos eee) LORI.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Pard: Prance, Silva, Berg, Hen- derson, Nelson, Balick, Bahia, & Santos P.25250 (W--2868551).
SYNGONANTHUS ALLENI vare BRASILIENSIS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 311--312. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 163 & 620. 1980.
SYNGONANTHUS ALLENI var. PARVUS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 312. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 119 & 620. 1980. Huber refers to this plant as growing in "wet places". Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Huber 2341 (Ld).
SYNGONANTHUS AMAPENSIS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 312. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 111, 163, & 620. 1980.
Garcia-Barriga refers to this plant as an erect herb growing in isolated groups, the inflorescence white, and encountered it on savannas, at 400 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in August. His no, 20859, cited below, bears a label inscribed "bejuco, frutos amarillos" -- obviously a case of mixed labels or stenographic er- YOre
Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Guainfa: Garcia-Barriga 20814 (W--2844179), 20830 (W--2844152), 20859 (W--2844156).
SYNGONANTHUS AMAZONICUS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 312. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 163 & 621. 1980.
SYNGONANTHUS ANDROSACEUS (Griseb.) Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.31: 17 & 18. 1978; Mold., Phytologia 42: 37. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 91, 442, & 621. 1980.
Additional citations: CUBA: Pinar del Rio: Ekman 10792 (W-- 1302520); C. Wright 3236 (W--46432).
SYNGONANTHUS ANGOLENSIS H. Hess
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 308 & 313--314 (1977), 37: 82,583, & 93. (1977), and 38: 26 & 33. 1977s) Mold. Phytol. Mem. 2: 234, 444, & 621. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: H. Hess, Bericht. Schweiz. Bot. Gesell. 65: text fig. 7 & 8, pl. 9, fig. 10 & 13, 1955 (ld).
SYNGONANTHUS ANGUSTIFOLIUS Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 314--315 (1977)
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 81
and 37: 85. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 163 & 621. 1980. Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 370--371, pl. 236. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS ANOMALUS (KBrn.) Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Knuth, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 43: [Init. Fl. Venez.] 181. 1927; Mold., Phytologia 37: 56——-57, 87, & 260 (1977) and 38: 23. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 111, 119, Peed, 163, 442,662). 1980.
Recent collectors describe this plant as having rich-green leaves, growing in dense stands on wet banks, "en lecho de quebra- da seca", and “frecuente en la orilla del cafio, cabezueias blan- quecinas", at 180--750 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in February and November.
Knuth (1927) cites Spruce 3259 from Bolfvar, Venezuela. The Murca Pires & Silva 4380, distributed as S. anomalus and so cited in a previous installment of these notes, actually is S. macrocau- lon Ruhl.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Huber & Medina 5934 (Ld); Maguire, Steyermark, & Maguire 60118 (N); Maguire, Wurdack, & Bunting 36645 (W--2168980); Maguire, Wurdack, & Maguire 42634 (W--2279367); Steyermark, Guariglia, Holmgren, Luteyn, & Mori 126193 (Ld). Bolivar: Agostini 264 (tt——3328556). SURINaM: Ir- win, Prance, Soderstrom, & Holmyren 55267 (W=——2514871). BRAZIL: Amazonas: Prance, Berg, Bisby, ‘steward, Monteiro, & Ramos 17814 (W--2772583); Prance, Maas, Wootcott, Coélho, Monteiro, & Ramos 15233 (W==2801670); Prance, Maas, Woolcott, Monteiro, & Ramos 15541 (W-—2801667); Prance, Pennington, Nelson, & Ramos 21646 (N, W-——2935279).
SYNGONANTHUS ANTHEMIFLORUS (Bong.) Ruhl,
Additional synonymy: Eleocharis chrysanthenifolium Schnitzl., Heonogr. 1: pl. 46, fie. 3. 1845.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 37: 57, 96, 254, & 255 (1977) and 38: 38. 1977; Monteiro, Giulietti, Mazzoni, & Cas- fro, BOL. Bot. Univ. S, Paulo 7: [43], 45, 47, 53, & 58, fig. 79--82. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 163, 190, 400, 424, 425, 442, & 621. 1980.
Additional illustrations: Monteiro, Giulietti, Mazzoni, & Cas- tro, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo 7: 58, fig. 79--82. 1979.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Anderson, Stieber, & Kirkbride 36202 (W--2709607); Glaziou 19981 (W--1580392); L. B. Smith 6845 (W--2120214). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 579. 1841 (N, W); Schnitzl., Iconogr. 1: 46, fig. 3. 1845 (Ba--381101).
SYNGONANTHUS ANTHEMIFLORUS var. SUBGLABRESCENS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 319--321. 1977; Mold., Phytol, Mem. 2: 163 & 621. 1980.
SYNGONANTHUS APPRESSUS (KUrn.) Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 37. 1979; Mold.,
82 POH Yerts0) Ly OnG, A Vol. 55, No. 2 Phytol. Mem. 2: 163 & 621. 1980.
SYNGONANTHUS APPRESSUS var, CHAPADENSIS ‘old.
Additional bibliography: Mold., rhytclogia 42: 37. 19793; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 163 & 621. 1980.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goias: Irwin, Harley, & Smith 32149 (W--2709888--isotype), 32203 (W--2709603).
SYNGONANTHUS AQUATICUS Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 1838. 1977;
Mold., Phytologia 35: 332. 1977; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.31: 17. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 163 & 621. 1980.
Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Serr. Min. 74. 1908 (W); Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 313-- 3145 pl.96. 1928 (d,) Ny We
SYNGONANTHUS AQUATICUS Vare CAESPITOSUS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 332. 1977; Mold., Phytol, Mem. 2: 163 & 621, 1980.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Prance, Maas, Atchley, Steward, Woolcott, Co@élho, Monteiro, Pinheiro, & Ramos 13778 (W-- 2708459--isotype).
SYNGONANTHUS ARENARIUS (G. Gardn.) Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 1838. 1977; Mold., Pkytologia 35: 332--334. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 163, 424, & 621. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 54: 237. 1983.
SYNGONANTHUS ARENARIUS vare HETEROPHYLLUS (K8rn.) Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 334. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 163 & 621. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 54: 237. 1983.
Calderon and his associates report this plant "common in white sand campina" and describe its inflorescences as white.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazénas: Calderdn, Monteiro, & Guedes 2554 (Ld, W--2931217).
SYNGONANTHUS ARTHROTRICHUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 37: 57. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 163 & 621. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 364--365, pl. 230. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS ATROVIRENS (KUrn.) Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 335. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 163 & 621. 1980.
SYNGONANTHUS AURIFIBRATUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 37--38. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 111, 163, & 621. 1980; Mold. in Harley & Mayo. Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 76. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 54: 237icy LIBS.
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Friocaulaceae 83
Recent collectors have encountered this plant in wet sandy areas as well as in rather dry sand in a region of "open scrub on white sand with damp areas and extensive sedge meadows (brejo) partly burned over", at 950--1000 m. altitude, in flower in June, and in fruit in February and June, They describe it as an herb, 15 cm, tall, with gray rosettes of rigid leaves, gray scapes [peduncles], and white involucral bractlets.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Mayo, Storr, San- tos, & Pinheiro in Harley 18842 (Ld, N, W--2936297); Mori & Boom 14516 (Ld, N). Rio de Janeiro: Araujo & Maciel 5164 [Herb, FEEMA 22886] (N). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1:
Dia. 220 (Ld N).
SYNGONANTHUS AURIPES Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 336. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 163 & 621. 1980; Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 76. 1980; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.36: 23. 1981; Silva & Mori, Cent. Pesq. Cacau Bol. Técn, 89: 8 & 52, 1981.
Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 343--344, pl. 217. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS AURIPES var. BAHIENSIS Mold., Phytologia 43: 356. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 43: 356. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 163 & 621. 1980; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.36: 23. 1981; Silva & Mori, Cent. Pesq. Cacau Bol. Técn. 89: 8 & 52. 1981. Citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Mayo, Storr, Santos, & Pin- heiro in Harley 18528 (Ld--isotype, N--isotype, Ub--type, W-- 2936299--isotype).
SYNGONANTHUS BAHIENSIS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 38, 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 163 & 621. 1980.
Mori & Boom encountered this plant in dry sandy areas between cracks in rocks, at 1000 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in June.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Irwin, Harley, & Smith 30703 (W--2709884--isotype); Mori & Boom 14535 (Ld, N). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Mold., Phytologia 27: 70, fig. 3. 1973 (Ld).
SYNGONANTHUS BALDWINI Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 37: 57. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 163 & 621. 1980.
Martinelli describes this plant as having concolorous leaves, the "inflorescence and peduncles green", and the flowers whitish. He found it growing among rocks in swamps, at 80 m, altitude, in flower in June,
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazénas: Baldwin 3546 (W-- 1878943). Pard: Campbell, Ongley, Ramos, & Monteiro P,22435 (N); Martinelli 7222 [R. B. Herb. 202921] (1d).
84 PAH Wir Oie OnGatwd Vol. 55, No. 2
SYNGONANTHUS BARBATUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 37: 57. 19773; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 163 & 621. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 382--383, pl. 243. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS BARTLETTII Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 337--338, 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 74 & 621. 1980.
The Bartlett 11670 collection, cited below, is a mixture with Drosera sp. and Xyris sp.
Additional citations: BELIZE: Bartlett 11263 in part (W-- 1493358), 11670 in part (Ld--isotype, W--1493090—isotype).
SYNGONANTHUS BELLUS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 38 & 41. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 119, 163, & 621. 1980.
Recent collectors describe this plant as an herb, 10--20 cn. tall, the inflorescences small and yellow, and the flowers white. They have found it very abundant on campo sujo, in solo areia, common in open areas in dense campina, frequent on savannas, and abundant in white sand campinas, at 600--1100 m. altitude, in flower in November, and in both flower and fruit in June and October.
Material of this species has been misidentified, distributed in some herbaria, and even cited by me in previous installments of these notes as S. fertilis (KUrn.) Ruhl. and S. humboldtii var. glandulosus Gleason. The Prance & al. collection, cited be- low, is a mixture with S. gracilis var, hirtellus (Steud.) Ruhl. and Panicum sp,
Additional & emended citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: O, Huber 4502 (Ld). Bolivar: G, H. H. Tate 1308 (N). BRAZIL: Amapd: Murca Pires & Cavalcante 52383 (W--2514664). Amaz6nas: Calderon, Monteiro, & Guedes 2550 (Ld, W--2931214), Pard: Bastos, Ubiratan, Bougas, & Carvalho 101 (N); Black 50-8647 (W--2252946); Daly, Campbell, Silva, Silva, Bahia, & Santos D.921 (Ld, N); Ducke 12025 (Ld); Frées 34572 (W--2484358); Maguire & Murga Pires 40843 (W--2198747); Prance, Pennington, & Murca Pires 1283 in part (W--2514723).
SYNGONANTHUS BICOLOR Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 338--339 & 348 (1977) and 37: 255. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 163 & 621. Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 337--338, pl. 213. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS BIFORMIS (N. E. Br.) Gleason
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 38 & 42. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 111, 119, 123, 125, 163, 442, 621, & 628. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 264. 1982.
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 85
Recent collectors describe this species as an herb of low stature, forming dense tufts, with a rosette of leaves on the ground and with several flowering stems, many poorly developed individuals with only one flowering stem, to 10 cm. tall, the in- florescence heads white or gray-white. They have found it grow- ing in grayish clay soil, in open areas of cerrado on white sand, on rocks densely covered with mosses and small ferns along small rocky mountain streams, in white sand on low islands with scrub- by vegetation, and common in open places on wet savannas, at 150--450 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in October and No- vember.
The Maguire, Maguire, & Wilson-Browne 46179a, distributed as S. biformis and so cited by me in a previous installment of these notes, proves actually to be S. gracilis var. aureus Ruhl.
Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Vaupés: Cuatrecasas 6975 (W-- 1796731). VENEZUELA: Amazonas: O, Huber 1198 (Ld); Maguire & Politi 27342 (W--2046424); Maguire, Wurdack, & Keith 41474 (W-- 2279270); J. A. Steyermark 58468 (W--1901775). Apure: Davidse & Gonzalez 15926 (Ld). Bolfvar: J. A. Steyermark 59305 (W-- 1987406), 60484 (W--1901834); Steyermark, Dunsterville, & Dunster- ville 104528 (W--2622557). GUYANA: Maas, Westra, & al. 3695 (Ld, N), 4028 (Ld, N), 4275 (Ut--270658B), 4345 (Ld, N); Ma- guire, Maguire, & Wilson-Browne 46012 (W--2514898), 46179A (W-- 2514875). SURINAM: B. Maguire 24728 (W--1907843). BRAZIL: Amaz6nas: Madison, Kennedy, Monteiro, & Braga 6157 (N); Steward, Araujo, Regers, Ramos, & Ribamar 415 (Ld, N). Rondénia: Prance, Rodrigues, Ramos, & Farias 8914 (W--2573053A). Roraima: Steward, Araujo, Buck, Ramos, & Ribamar 73 (N).
SYNGONANTHUS BISULCATUS (KBrn.) Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 38, 1979; Mold., Phytol, Mem, 2: 163 & 621. 1980,
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Hatschbach 41319 (N, W—2840049); rrwin, Maxwell, & Wasshausen 20536 (W-—2598433); Irwin, Santos, Souza, & Fonséca 22663 (W--2582557A); L. B, Smith 6846 (W--2120215).
SYNGONANTHUS BISULCATUS vare ANGUSTIFOLIUS Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 342, 1977; Mold., Phytol, Mem, 2: 163 & 621, 1980. Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 362. 1928 (id, N, Wie
SYNGONANTHUS BISUMBELLATUS (Steud,) Ruhl,
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 37: 57 & 90. 1977; Mold,, Phytol. Mem. 2: 111, 119, 123, 163, 442, 443, & 612. 1980. Recent collectors describe the inflorescence heads of this
plant as whitish and have found it growing on wet savannas, Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Vaupés: Schultes, Baker, & Cabrera 18449 (W--2198903). GUYANA: Maas & Westra 4050 (Ld, N).
86 POH Sele OM in Omri A Vol. 55, Now 2
SYNGONANTHUS BISUMBELLATUS VaYre FROESITI (Mold.) Mold, Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 343 & 344, 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164. 1980.
SYNGONANTHUS BLACKII Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 344, 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 621. 1980.
SYNGONANTHUS BRACTEOSUS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 38. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 621. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 52: 231-~232, 1982.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Irwin, Fonséca, Souza, Santos, & Ramos 27118 ( W--2709886-——isotype).
SYNGONANTHUS BRACTEOSUS var, SCRUPULOSUS Mold., Phytologia 52: 231-—232, 1982. Bibliography: Mold,, Phytologia 52: 231--232. 1982. Citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Calderdn, Monteiro, & Guedes 2692 (Ld--type, W--2931231--isotype, W--2970400--isotype).
SYNGONANTHUS BREVIFOLIUS Gleason
Additional bibliography: Mold., Pkhytologia 35: 344--345 & 356. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 123 & 621. 1980.
Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 56: 14. 1929 (N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS CABRALENSIS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 345. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164, 443, & 621. 1980,
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv, Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 340--342, pl. 215. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS CACHIMBOENSIS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Galvao & Cavalcante, Bot. Mus. Para. Geoldi, ser. 2, Bot. 1: 3 & 15. 1975; Mold., Phytologia 35: 345-- 346. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 621. 1980.
SYNGONANTHUS CAESPITOSUS (Wikstr.) Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 1838, 19773; Mold., Phytologia 35: 346--347, 443, & 457 (1977) and 36: 56. 1977; Mold., Phytol, Mem. 2: 164, 418, & 621. 1980.
SYNGONANTHUS CANALICULATUS Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 339, 347--348, 438, 439, & 456. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 621, 1980. Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 327--328, pl. 208. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS CANASTRENSIS Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 348 (1977) and 38: 126, 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 621. 1980.
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 87
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv, Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 368--369, pl. 233, 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS CANDIDUS Alv,. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 38, 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 621. 1980; Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 76. 1980.
SYNGONANTHUS CANDIDUS var. BAHIENSIS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 38. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 621. 1980; Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl, Bahia 76. 1980,
Recent collectors describe this plant as a rosette herb, to 20 cm, tall, the leaves gray and rigid, the outer involucral bracts short and stramineous, the inner ones elongate and spreading, shiny-white, and the florets creamy-white, They have found it growing on campo rupestre and in a region of "waterworn horizon- tally bedded sandstone at the soil surface, with damp sand, sedge marsh, exposed rock and waterfalls, the vegetation open scrub to closed low woodland in the drier areas", at 900--1000 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in March and July.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Mayo, Storr, Santos, & Pinheiro in Harley 19268 (Ld, N, W--2936296) 3 Irwin, Harley, & Smith 32500 (W--1709902—isotype); Mori, King, Santos,
& Hage 12636 (Ld, W-—-2854280).
SYNGONANTHUS CAPILLACEUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 349, 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 621. 1980,
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 352--353, pl. 223, fig. 2. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS CARACENSIS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 349-—350. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 164 & 621, 1980,
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 392--393, pl. 251. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS CARACENSIS var. GLABRESCENS Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 350. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 621. 1980.
SYNGONANTHUS CAULESCENS (Poir.) Ruhl,
Additional bibliography: Knuth, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih, 43: [Init. Fl. Venez.] 179 & 181--182, 1927; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 388 (1974)and A.31: 17 & 18. 1978; Mold., Phytologia 42: 39. 1979; Monteiro, Giulietti, Mazzoni, & Castro, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo 7: [43], 45--47, & 58, fig. 72--74. 1979; Angely, S. Am. Bot. Bibl. 2: 673 & 678. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 67, Sap ib j2895 1223, 125, 126) 11355164, 17250175, 1795. 180,: 190, 361, 401, 404, 424, 425, 428, 443, & 621. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 243 (1982), 51: 245 (1982), 53: 367--368 (1983), 54: 144, 234,
88 PAH 0 LY ONG svA Vol. 55, No. 2
237, 238, & 436 (1983), and 55: 45. 1984.
Additional illustrations: Monteiro, Giulietti, Mazzoni, & Cas- tro, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo 7: 58, fig. 72-—74. 1979,
Recent collectors have found this plant growing in wet spots in caatinga, on campo alagado arenoso, in wet dwarf forests, in wet sandy soil of campina, "locally common at pond edges", "lo- cally frequent in shallow water of forest islands on savannas", "infrequent in dense clumps in wet sand near rivers in mist from waterfalls covered with a dense growth of 1 m. tall grass", "in wet areas on savannas leading to a canyon", on park-type natural campo, in Mauritia marshes, in rocky streams with Mauritia flexu- osa, along streamsides, on sheer rock walls in the spray of waterfalls, and in drying sand of morichal, at 60--1700 m. alti- tude in flower in February, April, July, and December, and in fruit in January, February, April, August, October, and November. It has been described as sometimes dominant on esteros.
Collectors have described the plant as having the "base and stems white", the scape [peduncle] medium-green, the leaves light- or mid-green, the inflorescences white or whitish, the bracts light-tan, and the florets white.
Knuth (1927), listing this taxon both under S. caulescens and Paepalanthus caulescens Kunth, cites Chaffanjon 122 from Bolivar and Pittier 9405 from Carabobo, Venezuela.
The Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Jan. 126560, cited below, is a mixture with S, fischerianus (Bong.) Ruhl., while Sastre 4734 is a mixture with Utricularia sp., Schultes & Cabrera 14968 is a mixture with Paepalanthus lamarckii Kunth and P. fasciculatus f, tenellus Herzog, and Steyermark 88759 is a mixture with Tonina fluviatilis Aubl.
Material of S. caulescens has been misidentified and distrib- uted in some herbaria as S. akurimensis Mold., Paepalanthus lamarckii Kunth, P. polytrichoides var, glaber Mold., and Pe sp.
On the other hand the Smith, Klein, & Hatschbach 14549 and Smith & Reitz 14314, distributed as and previously cited as typi- S. caulescens, seem actually to be var, angustifolius Mold., while the Maguire & Maguire 35435 is var. bellohorizontinus Alv. Silv., and Cuatrecasas 7886, Harley, Souza, & Ferreira 10405, Hassler 1061, 3645, 6697, 8483, & 12532, Hatschbach 22504, Hatschbach, Smith, & Klein 28243, Heringer, Filgueiras, Mendonga, & Pereira 7420, Herb, FEEMA 21843, Jbrgensen 4174, Klein 3470, Macedo 2853, Mattos 4288, 4411, & 4657, Mello Barreto 2585, Mendes Magalhaes 2091, Moldenke & Moldenke 19671, Oliveira 67, Pickel 5526, Rambo 30865, 34685, 34865, & 35244, Ramos & Sousa 127, Reitz & Klein 6008, 11593, 16405, & 17472, Ribeiro 199, Riedel 1480, Smith & Klein 8189, 10653, 13689, 13762, & 15502, Smith, Reitz, & Sufri- dini 9390, Tessmann 2746 & 3611, and Vilaga 192 are var. hatsch- bachii Mold., Luteyn, Lebrén-Luteyn, & Steyermark 6263 and Maguire, Wurdack, & Bunting 35909 are var. hirsutus Mold., G, Gardner 5253 is var. longifélius Mold., Steyermark 76055 & 9574] are var. proliferus Mold.,Maguire & Wurdack 35752 is S. glandulosus Gleason, Cowan & Soderstrom 2154, Maguire & Maguire 40100, and Prance,
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 89
Forero, Pena, & Ramos 4488, as well as Mattos 4365 and Steyermark 60494 & 98198 are S. glandulosus f. epapillosus (Mold.) Mold., and Black 51-11027 is S. xeranthemoides (Bong.) Ruhl.
Additional citations: San José: Weston, Weston, & Weston 4295 (Lc). Province undetermined: Pittier 11043 [Cienaga de Agua Bue- na] (W--577389, W--936247, W--1080344). COLOMBIA: Magdalena: Haught 2355 (W--1707004). Valle: Cuatrecasas 7823 (W--1796746). Vaupés: Cuatrecasas 6981 (W--1796733); Schultes & Cabrera 14968 in part (W--2198877), 15406 (W--2171592), 15956 (W--2198883). VENEZ- UELA: Amazonas: J, A. Steyermark 58519 (W--1901777). Anzodtegui: Pittier 14450 (W--1801964); Tamayo 3548 (N). Apure: Davidse & Gonzalez 13908 (Ld), 15557 (E--2733866). Bolfvar: Davidse, Ramia, & Montes 4874 (E--2604033); Liesner & Gonzalez 11312 (Ld), 11421 (Ld); Luteyn, Lebron-Luteyn, & Steyermark 6263(N); J. A. Steyer- mark 88759 in part (W--2435335); Steyermark &Wurdack 45b (W-- 2168501, W--2407713). Guarico: Aristeguieta & Tamayo 4514 (N); Delascio, Montes, & Davidse 11104 (Ld), 11465 (Ld), 11490 (Ld), 11615 (E--2994263). Monagas: Pursell, Curry, & Kremer 8293 (W-- 2546260). GUYANA: Tillett & Tillett 45741 (N); Tillett, Tillett, & Boyan 45216 (N). SURINAM: Irwin, Prance, Soderstrom, & Holm- gren 55265 (W--2514869). FRENCH GUIANA: Cremers 4834 (Cy), Granville 2688 (Cy, Ld); Hallé 511 (Cy); Hoock 871 (Cy), s.n.
[4 Mai 1957] (Cy); Raynal-Roques 20057 (Cy), 20121 (Cy), 21497 (Cy); Sastre 4734 in part (Cy). BRAZIL: Amapd: Irwin, Murga Pires, & Westra 48645 (W--2435312). Amazonas: Janssen 275 (Ld). Bahia: Mori, King, Santos, & Hage 12254 (Ld, W--2854261). Dis- trito Federal: Héringer 18150 (N, W--2970389); Héringer, Fil- gueiras, Mendonca, & Pereira 7420 (N); Heringer, Paula, Mendonga, & Salles 291 (N); Mendonga & Pereira 180 (W--2941382). Goids: Irwin, Souza, & Reis dos Santos 9757 (W--2861728). Mato Grosso: Hatschbach 24562 (W--2705714); Prance, Lleras, & Coélho 19232 (W--2772578); Silva & Pinheiro 4527 (N). Minas Gerais: Damasio 1505 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 63770] (W--298653); Duarte 2569 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 70549] (W-—-2928652); King & Bishop 8988 (W--2908829); J. Go Kuhlmann 78289 (W--2947267). Pard: Cid, Ramos, Mota, & Rosas 2303 [Herb. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amaz. 96651] (Ld, N, W--2969533). Parand: Castellanos 21869 [Herb., Mus. Rio Jan, 126569] (W--2653323); Gottsberger & Poelt s.n. [21.7.1979] (Gr--196-80); Hatschbach & Haas 13689 (Eu); Smith, Reitz, & Caldato 9585 (W--2251569); Stawiarski s.n. [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Jan. 126560] in part (W--2653331). Rio Grande do Sul: Pabst 77105 (W--2947266). Santa Catarina: Klein 3470 (N); Reitz & Klein 11593 (N), 16405 (N); Smith & Klein 11097 (W--2251750); Smith, Klein, & Hatschbach 15694 (W--2653312); Ule 583 (W-- 2699202). Sado Paulo: Fiten & Fiten 2348 (W--2745129); Eiten & Machado de Campos 1527 (W--2745108); Mimura 268 (W--2555593). PARAGUAY: Casas & Molero 45 (N); Lourteig 2074 (\——-2557402). ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Parodi 12611 (W--2935744). MOUNTED CLIP- PINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Abbiatti, Rev. Mus. La Plata, ser. 2, 6: pl. 2. 1946 (Ld); Miq., Linnaea 19: 126. 1847 (W); Pilger in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ErgYnz. 2 Nachtr. 3 zu 2: fig. 7. 1908 (Ld); Reitz, Fl. Ilustr. Catar. I Erioc. pl. 9, p. 85.
90 Ee bevele0) Ge OsG wie A Vol. 55, Now 2
1976 (Ld); Schnitzl., Iconogr. 1: 46, fig. 1. 1845 (Ba--381190); Tamayo, Bol. Soc. Cienc. Nat. 22: 149, 1961 (Ld).
SYNGONANTHUS CAULESCENS Var. ANGUSTIFOLIUS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 39, 1979; An- gely, S. Am. Bot. Bibl. 2: 678. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 111, UO SO elo 424 0425) cwlo2eelOSO.
Recent collectors describe the inflorescence heads of this plant as white or whitish and have found it growing in marsh - grassland surrounding morichal and sand dunes and also frequent in corregal pluvial, at 70 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in March. Hatschbach encountered it in brejo at 500 m. altitude, in flower in February.
Many collections previously regarded and distributed as repre- senting this variety actually prove to be var. hatschbachii Mold.
Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Meta: Haught 2747 (W--1707286-—- isotype). VENEZUELA: Apure: Davidse & Gonzdlez 15945 (Ld). BRA- ZIL: Mato Grosso: Hatschbach 46170 (Ld). Para: Cavalcante 2101 (N)3; M. Silva 2673 (N). Parana: Hatschbach, Smith, & Klein 28243 (W--2653339). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Mold., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 68: 70. 1941 (W).
SYNGONANTHUS CAULESCENS var. BELLOHORIZONTINUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 364, 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 621. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 54: 234 & 237. 1983.
The Maguires have collected what appears to be this taxon, re- porting it common in wet places along streams, at 1500 m. alti- tude, in both flower and fruit in March. Their collection has previously been regarded as representing typical S+ caulescens (Poir.) Ruhl.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Maguire & Maguire 35435 (N, W--2168952). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. ILG Sistig SPA Gials iis Wc
SYNGONANTHUS CAULESCENS var. DISCRETIFOLIUS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 64: 1838. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 37: 58. 1977; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot, A.31: 17. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 621. 1980.
SYNGONANTHUS CAULESCENS var. DOURADENSIS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 388. 1974; Mold., Phytologia 35: 420. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 621. 1980.
SYNGONANTHUS CAULESCENS var. GARDNERIANUS Mold., Phytologia 53 367. 1983. Bitliography: Mold., Phytologia 53: 367 (1983) and 54: 237. 1983. Citations: BRAZIL: State undetermined: G. Gardner 5253 (N-- type).
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 91
SYNGONANTHUS CAULESCENS var. HATSCHBACHII Mold,
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 39. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 621. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 54: 234, 237, & 238, 1983.
Recent collectors describe this plant as a semi-aquatic, to 20 cm. tall, the inflorescence heads white or whitish, sometimes "no centro um pouco amarelado", They have encountered it in swamps, in brejo, on wet, wet sandy, or marshy campo, in capoeira swamps, in bogs, and in matas de monte, at 750--3200 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in April and from September to February.
Many of the collections cited below were previously regarded as representing typical s, caulescens (Poir.) Ruhl. or its var. angustifolius Mold.
Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Meta: Cuatrecasas 7886 (N). BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Héringer, Filgueiras, Mendonga, & Per- eira 7420 (N). Matto Grosso: Harley, Souza, & Ferreira 10405 (N); Ramos & Sousa 127 (N). Minas Gerais: Macedo 2853 (N); Mello Barreto 2585 (Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 4795] (N); Mendes Ma- galhaes 2091 {Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 42452] (N); Oliveira 67 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 32592] (N); Vilaga 192 [Ribeiro 199; Herb. FEEMA 21843] (Fe). Paranda: Hatschbach 22504 (N); Kummrow 2179 (Ld); Mattos 4288 (N), 4411(N), 4657 (N);Reitz «& Klein 17472 (N, W--2548329), 17620 (N)3; Smith, Klein, & Hatsch- bach 14549 (W--2573021); Tessmann 2746 (N), 3611 (N). Rio Grande do Sul: Rambo 30865 (N), 34675 (N), 34865 (N), 35244 (N). Santa Catarina: Klein 3470 (N); Reitz & Klein 6008 (W--2268658), 11593 (N), 16405 (N); Smith & Klein 8186 (W--2251355), 10653 (W—- 2251700), 13689 (W--2573024), 13762 (W—-2573022), 14314 (W-- 2573023), 15502 (W--2653314). Sao Paulo: Moldenke & I’oldenke 19671 (N); Pickel 5526 (N). State undetermined: Riedel 1480 (T). PARAGUAY: Hassler 1061 (N, N), 3645 (N), 6697 (N), 8483 \N), 12532 (N); J, J&rgensen 4174 (N).
SYNGONANTHUS CAULESCENS var. HIRSUTUS Mold., Phytologia 53: 367--368. 1983.
Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 53: 367--368 (1983) and 54: 234. 1983.
Luteyn and his associates encountered this plant in wet dwarf forests, at 1310 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in Noven- ber. The collections cited below were previously regarded and distributed as typical s, caulescens (Poir.) Ruhl.
Citations: VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: Luteyn, Lebrdn-Luteyn, & Steyermark 6263 (W--2939059); Maguire, Wurdack, & Bunting 35909 (Ld--photo of type, W--2168964--type).
SYNGONANTHUS CAULESCENS var, LONGIFOLIUS Mold., Phytologia 51: 245. 1982. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 245 (1982) and 54: 234. 1983, Delascio and his associates refer to this plant as having "ho- jas sublanosas grisdceas" and encountered the plant at 100 m, al- titude, in both flower and fruit in December,
92 Bey SL Os nO Cera A Vol. 55, No. 2
Citations: VENEZUELA: Guarico: Delascio, Montes, & Davidse 11436 (Ld). FRENCH GUIANA: Cremers 4833 (Cy--type,
SYNGONANTEUS CAULESCENS f. LonGrpEs Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 61: 4884. 1976; Mold., Phytologia 37: 58. 1977; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.31: 18. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 621. 1980.
SYNGONANTHUS CAULESCENS var. OBTUSIFOLIUS Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 421. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 621. 1980. Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 358. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS CAULESCENS Var. PROCERUS (Klotzsch) Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 421--422. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 119, 164, 401, 428, 443, & 621. 1980. Recent collectors have found this plant in disturbed sandy wet places, in both flower and fruit in April, and describe the inflorescence heads as white. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Mendonga & Pereira 180 (N).
SYNGONANTHUS CAULESCENS Vare PROLIFERUS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 39. 1979; An- gely, S. Am. Bot. Bibl. 2: 673. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 621. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 54: 234 & 237. 1983.
Steyermark describes the leaves of this plant as long, narrow, and attenuate-acute, deep-green in color. He found it growing on wet rocks at the base of waterfalls and in cracks of granitic boulders by cascades, at 300--550 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in April and July. His collections have hitherto been re- garded as and distributed as typical S. caulescens (Poir.) Ruhl.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: J. A. Steyermark 76055 (W--2407784), 95741 (W--2584707).
SYNGONANTHUS CENTAUROIDES (Bong. ) Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 423--425 (1977), 38: 31 & 44 (1977), and 38: 183 & 190. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164, 425, 498, & 621. 1980.
Recent collectors report this species common among grasses in "“yegetacao de catinga amazénica baixa".
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Murga Pires & San- tos 16382 (N). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 35. 1831 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS CENTAUROIDES var. SUBAPPRESSUS Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 424--425. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 621. 19280.
SYNGONANTHUS CENTAUROIDES Vare TERETIPES Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 425. 1977; Mold.,
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 93
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 395-= 396. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS CHAPADENSIS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 425 (1977) and 37: 86. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 622. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 330-- Sa. 2928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS CHRYSANTHUS (Bong.) Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 39--40, 1979; Angely, S. Am. Bot. Bibl. 2: 678. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164, 402, 405, 443, & 622. 1980.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Vidal IV,339 {[Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Jan. 105081] (W--2653325), IV.481 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Jan. 126557] (W--2653224). Santa Catarina: Reitz 4825 [Herb. Barb. Rod. 6345] (W--2321364), 5567 [Herb. Barb. Rod. 6338] (W--2321370); Smith & Reitz 5874 (W--2120178); Ule 1386 (W--2699217). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Reitz, Fl. Ilust. Catar. I Erioc. 85. 1976 (Ld).
SYNGONANTHUS CHRYSANTHUS var. CASTRENSIS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold,, Phytologia 42: 40. 1979; An- gely, S. Am. Bot. Bibl. 2: 678. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 622. 1980.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parana: Vidal III.74 [Araujo s. n.; Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Jan. 77012] (W--2700822--fragment & photo of type).
SYNGONANTHUS CHRYSOLEPIS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 428. 1977; Mon- teiro, Giulietti, Mazzoni, & Castro, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo 7: [43], 45--48, 53, & 58, fig. 71. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2:
164 & 622. 1980.
Additional illustrations: Monteiro, Giulietti, Mazzoni, & Cas- tro, Bol. Bot. Univ.)'S. Paulo’ 7: 58, figs 71.1979.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 390-391, pl. 249. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS CILIATUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 428--429. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 622. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 391--392, pl. 261. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS CIPofNwsrs Ruhl. Add: :ional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 429 & 443, 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164, 443, & 622. 1980.
SYNGONANTHUS CIRCINNATUS (Bong.) Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 37: 68. 1977; Hock- ing, Excerpt. Bot. A.3l: 18. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 &
94 Pony SE Orit OE x Vol. 55, No. 2 622. 1980.
SYNGONANTHUS COMOSUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 40. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 119, 164, & 622. 1980; Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 76. 1980.
SYNGONANTHUS COMOSUS var. HARLEYI Mold,
Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 170. 1976; Mold., Phytologia 35: 431, 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164. & 622. 1980; Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 76. 1980.
Mori & Boom encountered this plant in wet areas of cerrado, in flower in June.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Renvoize, Erskine, Brighton, & Pinheiro in Harley 15952 (W--2777071—isotype); Mori & Benton 13140 (Ld, N)$ Mori & Boom 14412 (Ld, N).
SYNGONANTHUS COMPACTUS Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 37: 68 & 497. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 135, 164, & 622. 1980.
Recent collectors describe this species as a very abundant small plant forming the ground cover in sandy soil of campina and found it in both flower and fruit in June,
Additional & emended citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Calderén, Monteiro, & Guedes 2691 (Ld, W--2931232); Ule 6175 [Macbride photos 10679] (Ld--photo of type).
SYNGONANTHUS COSTATUS Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 432. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 622. 1980.
SYNGONANTHUS COWANI Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 432--433 (1977) and 44: 215--216. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 111, 119, 443, & 622. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 51: 245 & 302. 1982.
Recent collectors refer to this plant as a frequent diminu- tive herb on wet open savannas, at 120 m. altitude, and have found it in flower in November and both in flower and fruit in February. Huber speaks of it as "Bastante comin al borde de los pequefios montfculos, hasta 6--7 cm de alto", the flowers white, at 100 m. altitude.
The Maguire, Cowan, & Wurdack 30780, Maguire & Wurdack 34532, and Maguire, Wurdack, & Bunting 36740, previously cited by me as typical s, cowani, are now regarded as representing its var. tabulatus Mold.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: 0, Huber 1635 (Ld), 4839 (Ld); Huber & Tillett 3000 (1d); Maguire, Cowan, & Wurdack 30466 (W--2046498—-isotype); Maguire & Wurdack 34569 (W-- 2168932); Maguire, Wurdack, & Bunting 36596a (W--2168979);
Thomas & Rogers 2594 (N).
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 95
SYNGONANTHUS COWANI var. INVOLUCRATUS Mold., Phytologia 51: 302. 1982. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 302, 1982. Citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: O. Huber 4844 (Ld--type).
SYNGONANTHUS COWANI var. LONGIPEDUNCULATUS Mold,
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 433, 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 111 & 622. 1980.
Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Vaupés: Maguire, Wurdack, & Bunting 36290 (W--2168970--isotype).
SYNGONANTHUS COWANI var. SIMPLEX Mold., Phytologia 51: 245. 1982. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 245, 1982. Citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: O. Huber 5096 (Ld--type).
SYNGONANTHUS COWANI var. TABULATUS Mold., Phytologia 44: 215—216, 1979.
Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 44: 215--216. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 119 & 622. 1980.
Collectors describe this plant as locally frequent, locally oc- casional, or even very common on open savannas, at 95--150 m. al- titude, referring to it as an herb, 5-—-7 cm. tall, the inflores- cence heads grayish-white, and the florets white, in both flower and fruit from January to March.
The material cited below was mostly previously regarded and cited as typical S. cowani Mold.
Citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: O. Huber 1684 (Ld--type), 3361 (Ld); Huber & Medina 5802 (Ld); Huber & Tillett 2791 (Ld), 2815 (Ld), 2915 (Ld), 3029, (Ld), 3067 (Ld); Maguire, Cowan, & Wurdack 30780 (N, W); Maguire & Wurdack 34532 (N, W--2168929); Maguire, Wurdack, & Bunting 37640 (N, W--2169001).
SYNGONANTHUS CRASSINERVIUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 433--434,. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 622. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 345--346, pl. 219. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS CRASSINERVIUS var. GLABRESCENS Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 433--434, 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 622. 1980.
SYNGONANTHUS CRISPUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 434. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 622. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 358--359, pl. 226. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS CRISPUS var. ITACAMBIRENSIS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 434. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 622, 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 359.
96 Pin y oraonrore TA Vol. 55, No. 2 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS CURRALENSIS Mold.
Additionsl bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 434, 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 622. 1980; Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 76. 1980; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.36: 23. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 50: 215, 248, & 270. 1982.
Citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Renvoize, Erskine, Brighton, & Pinheiro in Harley 16661 (W--2777067--isotype). MOUNTED ILLUS- TRATIONS: Mold., Phytologia 31: 488. 1975 (Ld).
SYNGONANTHUS CURRALENSIS var. HARLEYI Mold., Phytologia 43: 356. UG/S)n
Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 43: 356. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 622. 1980; Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 76. 1980; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.36: 23. 1981.
The original collectors of this plant describe it as a rosette herb with rigid gray leaves and gray scapes [peduncles] to 25 cm. tall and the involucral bractlets "palest-brown". They have found it growing at 1000 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in March.
Citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Mayo, Storr, Santos, & Pin- heiro in Harley 19306 (N--isotype).
SYNGONANTHUS CURRALENSIS var. PAUCIFOLIUS Mold., Phytologia 50: PUG, US
Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 50: 215, 248, & 270. 1982.
Mori & Boom have encountered this plant in dry sandy soil on campo rupestre, at 1000 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in June.
Citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Mori & Boom 14471 {Ld, N), 14548 (Ld--type, N--isotype).
SYNGONANTHUS DEALBATUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 434--435. 1977; Motd., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 622, 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 385--386, pl. 245. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS DEALBATUS var. MINOR Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 435, 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 622. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 386. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS DECORUS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 37: 68. 19773; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 164 & 622. 1980,
Additional citations: MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Mold., Phytologia 32: 486, fig. 2. 1976 (id)
SYNGONANTHUS DENSIFLORUS (K8rn.) Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 40 . 1979;
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 97
Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 165, 175, 443, & 622. 1980; Mold., Phyto- logia 48: 291 (1981), 50: 248 & 270 (1982), and 55: 43. 1984. Hatschbach found this plant growing in brejo (sedge meadow). Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goids: Hatschbach 43803 (Ld, W-- 2932036); Irwin, Maxwell, & Wasshausen 21414 (W--2570160A). Min- as Gerais: Macedo 1835 (W--2196717).
SYNGONANTHUS DENSIFLORUS var. BREVIPES Mold., Phytologia 55: 43. 1984, Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 55: 43. 1984. Citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Héringer, Filqueiras, Mendonca, & Pereira 7488 (N--type).
SYNGONANTHUS DENSIFLORUS var. GLABRESCENS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 437--438. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 165, 175, 443, & 622. 1980.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Irwin, Souza, Grear, & Santos 17022 (W--2709899--isotype).
SYNGONANTHUS DENSIFLORUS var. GLABRIFOLIUS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 40, 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 165 & 622. 1980.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goid4s: Irwin, Anderson, Stieber, & Lee 34606 (W--2709901--isotype).
SYNGONANTHUS DENSIFLORUS var. LONGIFOLIUS Mold., Phytologia 48: 291. 1981. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 291 (1981) and 50: 248 & 270. 1982. Citations: BRAZIL: Pard: Plowman, Davidse, Rosa, Rosdrio, & Santos 9090 (Ld--type, N--isotype).
SYNGONANTHUS DENSIFOLIUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 37: 68. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 165 & 622. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 291 (1981) and 50: 245 & 270. 1982.
King & Bishop found this plant locally abundant on sandy flats, at 3300--3800 feet altitude, in flower in February, describing the inflorescence heads as white.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goids: Irwin, Santos, Souza, & Fonséca 24648 (W--2582510A); King & Bishop 8900 (W--2922394). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., 1: 319--320, pl. 203% 2928 (Ld, N; W).
SYNGONANTHUS DENSIFOLIUS var. MAJUS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 439. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 165 & 622. 1980.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goids: Irwin, Harley, & Smith 32982 (W--2709605--isotype).
SYNGONANTHUS DENSIFOLIUS var. PILOSIOR Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 439--440. 1977;
98 Peet ORG OVE era Vol. 55, No. 2
Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 165 & 622. 1980.
Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 320—-321. 1928 (Ld, N, W); Dawson, Los Angeles Co. *Mua. Contrib. Sel. 7: 5, fig. 1 right. 1957 (ids *w).
SYNGONANTHUS DENSIFOLIUS var. VENEZUELENSIS Mold., Phytologia 48: 29 oS.
Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 291 (1981) and 50: 245 & 270. 1982.
Calderén and his associates describe this plant as growing to 30 cm. tall, with "large white inflorescences", and found it com- mon in white sand campina, in both flower and fruit in June,
Citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Huber & Tillett 2918 (Ld—- type). BRAZIL: Amazénas: Calderén, Monteiro, & Guedes 2580 (Ld, W--2931235).
SYNGONANTHUS DENSUS (KUrn.) Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42:40. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 119, 165, & 622. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 53: 264 (1983) and 54: 234. 1983.
Recent collectors describe this plant as a tufted herb. the in- florescence heads cream-color or white. They have found it grow- ing in wet sandy soil, on sandy campo, in restinga and campo ru- pestre, and on open campina, in both flower and fruit in Maree, June, and December. Davidson & Martinelli encountered it in "open places in hot white sand among low restinga vegetation surrounded by mata alta on terra firme"
Material of S. densus has heen misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as Eriocaulon sp, and the Maguire 33231 collec- tion, cited below, was previously incorrectly reported by me as the very closely related S. pakaraimensis Mold.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolivar: B, Maguire 33231 (N, W--2168902). BRAZIL: Amazénas: A, B, Anderson 39g (N)3 Ong- ley & Ramos P.21771 (N, W--2935294); Plowman, Davis, & Nelson 12657 (N)$ Prance, Bera, Bisby, Steward, Monteiro, & Remos 17932 (W=-2772582) ; Prance, Coélho, Harley, Kubitzki, Maas, Sastre, & Smith 11688 (W--2801673); Prance, Coélho, & Monteiro 14843 (W-- 2801669); Prance, Philcox, Rodrigues, Ramos, & Parfas 5144 (w-- 2573049A); Prance, Ramos, Farias, & Philcox 4834 (W--2570375A). Bahia: Brito & Vinha 106 (Ld). Goids: We R. Anderson 8220 (W-- 2755405); Hatschbach 4371 (Ld), 43710 (W--2932033); Pereira 23 (W--2951310). Para: Campbell, Ongley, Ramos, Monteiro, & Nelson P.22552 (Ld, N, W--2952976); Cid, Ramos, & Mota 1218 [Herb. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amaz. 94437] (Ld, N); Davidson & Martinelli CD.10619 (Ld).
SYNGONANTHUS DENSUS var. PUMILUS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 441. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 119, 165, & 622. 1980.
Liesner found this plant growing in white sand podzolic soil in scrubby forests, at 120 m. altitude, fruiting in November.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Liesner 3914 (Ld).
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Friocaulaceae 99
SYNGONANTHUS DIAMANTINENSIS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 441. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 165, 443, & 622. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 315--317, pl. 20C. 1928 (Ld, N, WwW).
SYNGONANTHUS DROUETII L, B. Sm.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 42. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 119, 165, 425, & 622, 1980; Mold., Phytologia 54: 68. 1983.
Recent collectors describe this plant as 7 cm, tall, with cream-colored inflorescence heads, and have found it growing on dry campina and commonly on open white sand campinas, in fruit in October and both in flower and fruit in August.
The Cid, Buck, Nelson, Almeida, Mota, & Lima 524 collection, cited below, was previously mistakenly regarded as S. elegans var. elanatus Ruhl.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Cid, Buck, Nelson, Almeida, Mota, & Lima 267 (Ld, N), 524 (N). Pard: W. Ro Anderson 10929 (W--2755404); Daly, Callejas, Silva, Taylor, Rosdrio, & Santos 858 (Ld); Drouet 2112 (W--1673749--isotype).
SYNGONANTHUS DROUETII var. PARVICEPS Mold., Phytologia 54: 68, 1983. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 54: 68. 1983. Collectors have encountered this plant on wet savannas, in both flower and fruit in November. Citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: W. W. Thomas 2638 (Ld--type)3; Thomas & Rogers 2609 (N).
SYNGONANTHUS DUIDAE Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 442—443. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 119 & 622. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 51: 245 & 302 (1982) and 54: 139, 1983.
Recent collectors refer to this plant as a colonial herb, 10-- 15 cm. tall, with rich-green leaves and white inflorescence heads, "forming tufts of several plants" and frequent in open spaces on savannas. at 1100--2100 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in January, February, and October.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Farinas, Velasquez, & Medina 364 (N); O. Huber 4275 (Ld); Steyermark, Brewer-Carias, & Liesner 124528 (E--2901869, N); Steyermark, Guariglia, Holmgren, Luteyn, & Mori 126395 (Ld). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Mold., Fieldiana Bot. 28: 127--128, 1951 (W).
SYNGONANTHUS DUIDAE var. LONGIFOLIUS Mold., Phytologia 51: 245, 1982,
Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 245 & 302 (1982) and 54: 139. 1983.
By error, this taxon was republished by me in 1983, but based on the same type collection, a collection which previously had been regarded mistakenly as representing Leiothrix steyermarkii Mold.
100 32) dal ye Ae (0) 1 (0) (@ at AN Vols SD 5)s NO mee Citations: VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: Koyama & Agostini 7515 (N--type).
SYNGONANTHUS EBURNEUS (K8rn.) Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 443--444, 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 165 & 622. 1980; Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl, Bahia 76. 1980.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Renvoize, Erskine, Brighton, & Pinheiro in Harley 17149 (W--2791568).
SYNGONANTHUS EGLERI Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 444, 19773; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 165 & 622. 19803; Mold., Phytologia 52: 131. 1982,
SYNGONANTHUS EGLERI vare POMBOSENSIS Mold., Phytologia 52: ibs\ilo 1982, Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 52: 122 & 131. 1982. Citations: BRAZIL: Amazénas: Calderén, Monteiro, & Guedes 2608 (Ld--type, W--2931238--isotype, W--2931239--isotype).
SYNGONANTHUS ELEGANS (Bong.) Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Cronquist, How Know Seed Pl. 124-~125, fig. 265. 1979; Mold., Phytologia 42: 40. 1979; Monteiro, Giulietti, Mazzoni, & Castro, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo 7: [43], 45-47, & 53. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 165, 361, & 622. 1980; Mold., Phyto- logia 54: 237. 1983.
Additional illustrations: Cronquist, How Know Seed Pl. fig. 265. 1979.
The Cid, Buck, Nelson, Almeida, Mota, & Lima 524 collection, distributed as S. elegans, actually proves to be S. drouetii L. B. Sm., an Amazonian species.
Additional citations:BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Maguire, Men- des Magalha&es, & Maguire 49135 (W--2435298). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Abbiatti, Rev. Mus. La Plata, ser. 2, 6: 337. 1946 (Ld); Forstner, Verhandl. Zool. Bot. Gesel. Wien 112: 90. 1972 (Ld); Kunth, Enum. Pl, 3: 526--527 & 579. 1841 (1d, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS ELEGANS var. CANESCENS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 446---447, 1977; Monteiro, Giulietti, Mazzoni, & Castro, Bol. Bot. Univ. S, Paulo 7: [43], 45--47, & 53. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 165 & 622, 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 365. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS ELEGANS var. ELANATUS Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 37: 68, 69, 487, & 488 (1977) and 38: 27. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem, 2: 165 & 622. 1980,
Recent collectors have encountered this plant on sandy campos and campinas, as well as in sandy soil of campo cerrado, tin both flower and fruit in January, March, and August.
The Cid & al. 524, distributed as this taxon, is S. drouetii.
1984 Moldenke, Notes on Friocaulaceae 101
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goids: Hatschbach 42136 (Ld, N). Minas Gerais: Hatschbach 40827 (Ld, N, W--2850782); Irwin, Santos, Souza, & Fonséca 22019 (W--2582563A).
SYNGONANTHUS ELEGANTULUS Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 42: 40--41. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 165 & 622. 1980; Mold. in Harley & Mayo, Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 77. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 52: 232 (1982) and 54: 237. 1983.
Recent collectors describe this plant as a wiry-scaped herb, to 20 cm. tall, with gray leaves, pale-browm involucral bractlets, and white florets. They have found it growing on natural campos and in marshes on the "lower slopes of sandstone, metamorphic, and quartzite rock outcrops with associated marsh and damp flushes", at 1500 m, altitude, in fruit in March and September.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Mayo, Storr, San- tos, & Pinheiro in Harley 19774 (Ld, N, W--2936300); Santos, Mori, & Mattos Silva 3356 (1d). Minas Gerais: Hatschbach 41373 (N, W--2840051); rrwin, Harley, & Onishi 29129 (W--2709602). Rio de Janeiro: araujo & Maciel 3538 [Herb. FEFMA 16181] (ld).
SYNGONANTHUS ELEGANTULUS var. GLABRIFOLIUS Mold., Phytologia 52: 232. 1982. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 52: 232 (1982) and 54: 237. 1983. Citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Calderén, Monteiro, & Guedes 2564 (Ld--type, W--2931220--isotype, W--2931222--isotype).
SYNGONANTHUS ELEGANTULUS var. GLAZIOVII Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Biol, Abstr. 64: 5384. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 37: 68 & 69. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 165 & 622. 1980.
Recent collectors have encountered this plant on campo rupes- tre, at 1000 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in July.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Mori, King, Santos, & Hage 12415 (Ld, W--2854269).
SYNGONANTHUS ENSIFOLIUS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 449, 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 165 & 622. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Aliv. Silv., Fl. Mort. 1: 383--385, pl. 244. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS ERECTIFOLIUS Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 449--450 (1977) and 38: 126, 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 165 & 622. 1980. Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 365-366, pl. 231. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS ERIOPUS Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 450. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 165 & 622. 1980.
102 PRA YTiOsE, OG eis Vol. 55, No. 2
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 362--363, pl. 229. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS ERIOPUS Varo APPRESSUS ING Balabiec
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 450. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 165 & 622. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 363. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS EUSCHEMUS Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 450-—451. 1977; Mold., Phytol, Mem. 2: 165 & 622, 1980.
Additional citations: BRAZI_: Goids: W. R. Anderson 8039 (W-- 2755403); Irwin, Grear, Souza, & Reis dos Santos 13298 (W-- 2861729).
SYNGONANTHUS FERRENSIS Alv. Silv.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 35: 451--452 (1977) and 37: 96, 494, & 495. 1977; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 165 & 622. 1980.
Citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 355--356, pl. 225. 1928 (Ld, N, W).
SYNGONANTHUS FERTILIS (K8rn.) Ruhl.
Additional synonymy: syngonanthus humboldtii var. @longatus Mold. in Maguire & al.,