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‘ 2B: $./% | PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
VOLUME 48 1935
WASHINGTON PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY
COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS
HERBERT FRIEDMANN, Chairman
F. C. LINCOLN J. S. WADE J. H. RILEY E. P. WALKER
- o~
PUBLICATION NOTE
By a change in the By-Laws of the Biological Society of Washington, effective March 27, 1926, the fiscal year now begins in May, and the offi- cers will henceforth hold office from May to May. This, however, will make no change in the volumes of the Proceedings, which will continue to coincide with the calendar year. In order to furnish desired informa- tion, the title page of the current volume and the list of newly elected officers and committees will hereafter be published soon after the annual election in May.
PRESS OF H. L. & J. B. McQueen, Inc. WasuHineton, D. C.
OFFICERS AND COUNCIL OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON (FOR 1935-1936)
(ELECTED JUNE 1, 1935)
OFFICERS President CHARLES E. CHAMBLISS Vice-Presidents
(In the order of election)
C. W. STILES T. H. KEARNEY H. C. FULLER WM. B. BELL Recording Secretary S. F. BLAKE Corresponding Secretary J. S. WADE Treasurer F. C. LINCOLN COUNCIL Elected Members A. A. DOOLITTLE WILLIAM R. MAXON
I. HOFFMAN J. E. SHILLINGER
E. P. WALKER Ex-Presidenis
V. BAILEY H. H. T. JACKSON PAUL BARTSCH C. HART MERRIAM FREDERICK V. COVILLE H. C. OBERHOLSER Ek. A. GOLDMAN T. S. PALMER Wee LAY S. A. ROHWER A. S. HITCHCOCK H. M. SMITH A. D. HOPKINS L. STEJNEGER L. O. HOWARD A. WETMORE
STANDING COMMITTEES—1935-1936
Committee on Communications E. P. Waker, Chairman H. C. Bryant PHOEBE KNAPPEN J. E. SHILLINGER J. E. Grar W. L. ScumittT F. THONE Committee on Zoological Nomenclature H. C. OBERHOLSER, Chairman PauL BARTSCH H. H. T. Jackson Austin H. Cuark S. A. RoHWER Committee on Publications Herpert FriepMANN, Chairman ok Riuny J. S. Wave F. C. Lincotn E. P. WALKER Trustees of Permanent Funds
T. S. Patmer (1936-1938), Chairman H. C. OBERHOLSER (1935-1937) M. B. Waite (1934-1936)
(iii)
EX-PRESIDENTS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
*THEODORE N. GILL, 1881, 1882 *CHARLES A. WHITE, 1883, 1884 *G. Brown Goons, 1885, 1886 *WittiaM H. DAL, 1887, 1888 *LesTeR F. Warp, 1889, 1890 C. Hart Merriam, 1891, 1892 *C. V. Ritey, 1893, 1894
*Gro. M. STERNBERG, 1895, 1896 L. O. Howarp, 1897, 1898 FREDERICK V. CoviLLe, 1899, 1900 *F. A. Lucas, 1901, 1902
*B. W. EverMANN, 1903, 1904 *F, H. KNow ton, 1905, 1906 L. STEJNEGER, 1907, 1908
T. S. Paumsr, 1909, 1910 *Davip Waite, 1911
*h. W. NeExson, 1912, 1913 Pavut Bartscu, 1914, 1915 W.P. Hay, stOle, tony,
*J. N. Ross, 1918
Hueu M. Smitu, 1919
A. D. Hopkins, 1920
*N. HouuisTerR, 1921
VERNON BalLeEy, 1922
A. S. Hitrcucock, 1923
*J. W. Giptey, 1924
S. A. Rouwer, 1925
H. C. OBERHOLSER, 1926-1927 E. A. GoutpMan, 1927-1929 ALEXANDER WETMORE, 1929-1931 H. H. T. Jackson, 1931-1933
*Deceased.
(iv)
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Officers and Committees for 1985-1936_......... woe 1 OVGEC LE IEATE SOC SS 1 a REIL, SOE Soe Preliminary Descriptions of Seven New Species of Oxystomatous and Allied Crabs, by; Many]. Rathbun A New Phallostethid Fish from Palawan, by George 8. Myon. Four New Fresh-Water Fishes from Beall Venezuela, aad Paraciay. py taeonme >. Viyers. 0 ke The West American Species of Shrimps of the Genus Penaeus, by OND ORLA OTE E Sia noe Mls ONIN 2) pg gee ee Te
Descriptions of Three New Races of Brush Rabbit from California,
mermiivern © CONES ego a eles aE At ate A New Plant of the Genus Polygala from Mexico, by 8. F. Blake Concerning Neotropical Species of Ihagovelia (Veliidae: Hemip-
Teepe. 0. lorake and “El IM. Parrigns. 020 c ae) al New Arizona Plant Names, by Ivar Tidestrom...................-.. A New Genus and Two New Species of Dictynidae (Araneae), by
Se raamen amie Crone! ka le Preliminary Descriptions of Six New Species of Crabs from the
Pacific Coast of America, by Mary J. Rathbun.............--..-.. Two New Forms of Birds from Southeastern Siam, by J. H. Riley Synopsis of the Species of Besleria in Ecuador, by C. V. Morton An Introduced Anobiid Beetle Destructive to Houses in the
Southern otates,.oy Thomas MiiSnyder 9 Two New Birds from the Southern Appalachians, by Thomas D.
bye Tepe wets GILG IIIA Sieh 82 4 RR, Ae A ER Geographical Variation in the American Titlark, by W. E. C. Todd Remarks on the Avian Genus Hos, by James L. Peters.._..........._.. A New Hawk of the Genus Geranospiza, by James L. Peters.._..... The Genus Besleria in Venezuela, by C. V. Morton... New Birds from Kenya Colony, by James L. Peters and Arthur
A Florida Subspecies of Pseudacris nigrita (Hylidae), by Maurice ie era and Nranemiaarper su New Birds from Northwestern Mexico, by Robert T. Moore........
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ill-iv
15-24
25-26
27-30 31-32
33-38 39-44
45-48
49-52 53-54 55-58
59-60
61-62 63-68 67-70 gio7Z 73-76
LW lert ke: 79-82 83-106
107-110 111-114
vl Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Natural History of Plummers Island, Maryland:
i. Introduction, by William sR Maxon. 2 2 Cee ee: 115-117 II. Flowering Plants and Ferns, by E. P. Killip and 8. F. Blake 118-134 TMi Mossess by dis iC Weontrd. ee eas ee eee cee 135-1388 DY rd 8 oye Ate ie gers aie hes Ral ee ree oe 159-168 A New Agave of Southern Arizona, by Robert H. Peebles......__.. 189-140 A New Brown Mouse of the Genus Scotinomys from Mexico, by hve ie C2 C0) kc 021s Deena ee ane oe CARTON RRs beni in Dec EBs Ne, oad Bee 141-142 A New Weasel from Peru, by E. Raymond Hall... 143-146 Three New Forms of Birds from the Philippine Islands and Siam, Do yigoies ba i ley es he eats ee OR Peet Ln ne nratls Th 147-148 Two New Pocket Gophers of the Genus Thomomys, by E. A. (Goo ediraicary Ye oa AI ah then es Se EE pS SO ree 149-152 Pocket Gophers of the Thomomys bottae Group in the United States; doyle vA; Goldimam-a.24 28k eh 0 a ee 153-158 Five New Plants of the Genus A plopappus, by 8. F. Blake_......... 169-174 New American Mustelids of the Genera Martes, Gulo, and Lutra, by BH Ae/Goldinany 2 oh! 22a ie Re ee a ee, See 175-186
A New Name for the Rocky Mountain Elk, by Vernon Bailey... 187-190 New Veliidae (Hemiptera) from Central America, by C. J. Drake
apm TEV IM Ear ig oe oe clos y a Sl See ea ete ee 191-194 New Geckos of the Genus Lygodactylus from Somaliland, Sudan, Kenya, and Tanganyika, by Arthur Loveridge..__........_..._._.. 195-200
The Taxonomy of the Anopluran Genera Polyplax and Eremop- thirius, including the Description of New Species, by H. E. Ewing 201-210
The Committee on Publications declares that each paper of this volume was distributed on the date indicated on its initial page. The table of contents, minutes of meetings, and index for 1935 (pp. v—xii; 211-226) were issued on February 4, 1936. The title page and lists of officers and committees for 1935-1936 (pp. i-iv) were issued on August 22, 1935.
PLATES
Plate I, facing page 24. Penaeus occidentalis. Penaeus stylirostris. Penaeus vannamet.
Plate II. Penaeus occidentalis.
Plate III, facing page 60. Nicobium hirtum. Xestobium rufovillosum.
Plate LV, facing page 102. Taeniothrips silvestris. Zeugmatothrips priesenert.
Vol. 48, pp. vii-xii PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
PROCEEDINGS.
The Society meets from October to May, on alternate Satur- days, at8 p.m. All meetings during 1935 were held in the new lecture hall of the Cosmos Club, except the meeting of May 28, held jointly with the National Park Service in the auditorium of the Department of the Interior, and the special meeting of June 1, held jointly with the Audubon Society of the District of Columbia at the National Zoological Park.
January 12, 1935—810th Meeting.
President Chambliss in the chair; 95 persons present.
Informal communications: T.S. Palmer, Note on the award of the Leidy Memorial Medal, and Note on 1935 centennials of ornithologists; W. B. Bell, Note on field work of E. A. Goldman; F. C. Lincoln, Note on an expedition by A. A. Allen to record bird notes and habits by cameras and sound recording apparatus; V. Bailey, Note on records of sharp-tailed grouse, and Note on the use of beavers to check erosion; H. P. Barss, Note on the A.A.A.S. meeting at Pittsburgh; F. C. Bishopp, Note on the A.A.A.S. meeting; I. N. Hoffman, Exhibition of a work on animals; J. S. Wade, Exhibition of recent books.
Formal communications: S. F. Hildebrand, Fishes of the District of Columbia and vicinity; E. C. McKee, Effects of certain ecological factors of the Grand Canyon on plant and animal life.
January 26, 1935—811th Meeting.
President Chambliss in the chair; 58 persons present.
Informal communications: C. Cottam, Note on the 21st American Game Conference; R. B. Horsfall, Note on antelopes at the National Zoological Park; T. Ulke, Note on habits of animals at the National Zoological Park; F. Thone, Exhibition
(vii)
viii Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
of recent books; A. 8. Hitchcock, Exhibition of Arber’s ‘“‘The Gramineae. ”’
Formal communications: A. 8. Hitchcock, Grasses of the District of Columbia and vicinity; M. K. Brady, Reptiles and amphibians of the District of Columbia and vicinity.
February 9, 1935—812th Meeting.
President Chambliss in the chair; 80 persons present.
New members elected; C. R. Crosby, P. W. Oman, J. A. Stevenson, Alan Stone. ;
Informal communications: H. B. Humphrey, Biographical sketch of Albert Mann; T. S. Palmer, Biographical sketch of David White; J. R. Sarton, Exhibition of an alligator; Robert Crandall, Exhibition of a collection of minerals; T. Ulke, Exhibition of specimens of Cupressinoxylon; J. A. Stevenson, Note of the occurrence of various fungi on the Washington Monument; M. B. Waite, Note on the habits of foxes; V. Bailey, Note on the hibernation of a bat.
Formal communications: F. L. Mulford, Exotic trees and shrubs of the District of Columbia and vicinity; H. C. Bryant, Hibernation of bears in Yellowstone Park.
February 23, 1935—813th Meeting.
President Chambliss in the chair; 70 persons present.
New members elected: W. H. Krull, B. A. Porter.
Informal communications: W. T. Swingle, Note on a phyto- geographic survey of the Sonoran Basin; R. K. Beattie, Note on experiments on the transportation of Dutch elm disease spores by air currents; J. S. Wade, Exhibition of recent books; T. S. Palmer, Note on feeding of quail during the winter.
Formal communications: J. A. Stevenson, Parasitic fungi of the District of Columbia and vicinity; C. Cottam, The eel-grass disease; S. P. Young, Wolfing with a camera.
March 9, 1935—814th Meeting.
President Chambliss in the chair; 240 persons present.
New member elected: Louise Russell.
Informal communications: Phoebe Knappen, Note on the history of the love bird in captivity; J. E. Shillinger, Note on the causes of mortality in animals in zoological parks; T. 8. Palmer, Biographical sketch of D. G. Elhot; F. Thone, Exhibition of
recent books.
Proceedings. ix
Formal communications: J. E. Benedict, Jr., The ferns of the District of Columbia and vicinity; F. C. Craighead, Jr., J. J. Craighead, and Robert Stevenson, Catching and training hawks for hunting.
March 23, 1935—815th Meeting.
President Chambliss in the chair; 140 persons present.
New members elected: Raymond Pearl, D. B. Young.
Informal communications: T. Ulke, Exhibition of a scaly salamander; A. 8. Hitchcock, Note on study of tree buds; Phoebe Knappen, Note on the eating of buds by squirrels and English sparrows; V. Bailey, Exhibition of a hibernating specimen of big brown bat.
Formal communications: A. H. Howell, Habits and distri- bution of the American Arctic hares; National Parks of Canada, moving pictures entitled The whistling swan, The trumpeter swan, The beaver people, Gray Owl’s neighbors, Hunting without a gun, and The home of the buffalo.
April 6, 1935—816th Meeting.
President Chambliss in the chair; 85 persons present.
New members elected: J. W. Bailey, G. E. Blandford, Jr., EK. J. Court, F. C. Craighead, Jr., J. J. Craighead, J. B. Egerton, F. 8. Haydon, W. G. Lynn, R. B. Overington, Florence T. Simonds, R. T. Stevenson.
Informal communications: J. S. Wade, Exhibition of recent books; Fish and Game Commission, New Jersey, Bird dogs in action and Trout fishing (motion pictures).
Formal communications: W. R. Chapline, Forestry fosters new approaches to watershed conservation; E. H. Walker, Some problems and methods in the taxonomic study of Chinese
plants. April 20, 1935—817th Meeting.
President Chambliss in the chair; 95 persons present.
New members elected: W. L. Doyle, G. B. Moment, Donald Scott, R. B. Wallace, P. A. Woke.
Informal communications: E. P. Walker, Note on the habits of a captive aardvark; T. 8. Palmer, Note on the exhibition of Audubon’s works at the Library of Congress; F. Thone, Exhibition of recent books; J. S. Wade, Exhibition of recent books; I. N. Hoffman, Exhibition of insects; Elie Cheverlange, Exhibition of animal pictures.
x Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Formal communications: ¥. C. Lincoln, How and why of bird banding; S. F. Blake, The autumn flowers of the District of Columbia and vicinity; J. C. Bridwell, Wasps of the District of Columbia and vicinity.
May 4, 1935—818th Meeting.
President Chambliss in the chair; 125 persons present.
New member elected: W. E. Bullington.
Informal communications: T.S. Palmer, Note on the discovery of hitherto unknown editions of Mrs. St. John’s Life of Audubon; H. B. Humphrey, Note on a dust storm due to oak pollen; Phoebe Knappen, Note on the bluebird.
Formal communications: H. M. Smith, Some aspects of Siamese zoology; M. C. Hall, Application of military principles to the control of animal parasites.
May 18, 1935—819th Meeting.
President Chambliss in the chair; 70 persons present.
New members elected: J. E. Alicata, L. A. Jackowski, E. D. Merrill, C. J. Pierson, Beverly Rogers.
Informal communications: V. Bailey, Note on the recent meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists; T. Ulke, Exhibition of a new bee host of a meloid beetle; Phoebe Knappen, Note on night observations of birds at the Washington Monu- ment; E. P. Walker, Note on the presence of a sawfly on ash trees; J. 8. Wade, Exhibition of recent books; C. E. Chambliss, Exhibition of scissors silhouettes of animals.
Formal communications: Alan Stone, Diptera of the District of Columbia and vicinity; G. 8. Myers, Tropical freshwater fishes; R. B. Wallace and Richard Higgins, Breeding of small tropical fishes in aquaria.
May 28, 1935—820th Meeting,
President Chambliss in the chair; 300 persons present.
Joint meeting with National Park Service.
Formal communication: Wendell Chapman, Rocky Mountain mammals (still and motion pictures).
June 1, 1935—Special Meeting.
A picnic-luncheon was held jointly with the Audubon Society of the District of Columbia at the National Zoological Park, with 100 persons present.
Proceedings. XI
June 1, 1935—821st Meeting. 56th Annual Meeting.
President Chambliss in the chair; 14 persons present.
New members elected: H. H. Collins, Jr., A. W. Herre.
The reports of the Recording Secretary, Corresponding Secretary, and Treasurer were read. Reports were presented for the Committee on Publications, Committee on Zoological Nomenclature, and Board of Trustees of the Permanent Fund.
The following officers and members of council were elected: President, Chas. E. Chambliss; Vzce-President, C. W. Stiles, H. C. Fuller, T. H. Kearney, W. B. Bell; Recording Secretary, S. F. Blake; Corresponding Secretary, J. S. Wade; Treasurer, F. C. Lincoln; Members of the Council, W. R. Maxon, A. A. Doolittle, I. N. Hoffman, EK. P. Walker, J. E. Shillinger.
October 19, 1935—822d Meeting.
President Chambliss in the chair; 45 persons present.
Informal communications: F. Thone, Exhibition of new biological publications; E. P. Walker, Note on rare animals at the National Zoological Park.
Formal communications: E. P. Killip, The Tri-centennial of the Paris Natural History Museum and the Sixth International Botanical Congress; C. W. Stiles, Preliminary news from the International Zoological Congress at Lisbon; Watson Davis, micro-photographic duplication of scientific documents.
November 2, 1935—823d Meeting.
President Chambliss in the chair; 75 persons present.
New members elected: J. W. Aldrich, B. P. Bole, Jr., Frederick Dunlap, L. E. Hicks, Neil Hotchkiss, Ernest Lancaster-Jones, F. H. Krecker, J. P. E. Morrison, A. I. Ortenburger, R. H. Peebles, H. A. Rehder, J. R. Swallen, G. M. Wright.
Informal communications: C. W. Stiles, Observation of clouds of white cabbage butterflies in Florida; E. P. Walker, Notes on new arrivals at the National Zoological Park; J. 8. Wade, Note on the 3lst annual meeting of the National Association of Audubon Societies.
Formal communications: T.S. Palmer, The 53d annual meeting of the American Ornithologists’ Union; Malcolm Davis, Court- ship display of the flightless cormorant; Willis King, Reptilian
xii Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
and amphibian ecological relationships in the Great Smoky Mountains. November 16, 1935—824th Meeting.
President Chambliss in the chair; 50 persons present.
New members elected: H. E. Allanson, P. W. Bowman, F. L. Goll, L. E. Griffin, Annie M. Hurd-Karrer, Irene de Poplanska-Leineweber, André D. Pizzini, F. A. Riedel.
Informal communications: Annie L. Davis, Note on a bird refuge in the palace grounds at Tokyo; H. B. Humphrey, Notes on the habits and growth of the timber rattlesnake; T. Ulke, Note on fossil algae in the steps of the Baptist Church; T. 8. Palmer, Notes on the vampire bat and the false vampire; 5S. F. Blake, Exhibition of The Potomac Trail Book.
Formal communications: P. H. Roberts, The Shelter Belt Project; E. P. Walker, ‘‘Bobbitee”’ and ‘‘ Bittie,’’ Perognathus pacificus, in personal appearance; J. S. Wade, Discussion of recent books of biological interest.
November 30, 1935—825th Meeting.
President Chambliss in the chair; 150 persons present.
New member elected: D. G. Hall.
Formal communications: Alice L. Brown, Hereditary evidence of a spiral force in development—comparative studies on mouse, chick, and black skimmer embryos; J. A. Stevenson, Fungus prodigies; F. C., Jr., and J. J. Craighead, Motion pictures of hawks, owls, and ravens.
December 14, 1935—826th Meeting.
President Chambliss in the chair; 65 persons present.
New members elected: G. F. Baggley, Morgan Berthrong, V. H. Cahalane, J. F. Couch, Julian Griggs, Lawrence Huffty, W. H. Orsinger.
The death of M. T. Donoho was announced.
C. EK. Chambliss was nominated as vice-president of the Washington Academy of Sciences.
Informal communication: Hugo Darling, Note on a method of giving popular talks on science in the schools of Philaelphia.
Formal communications: E. R. Kalmbach, The crow-duck relationship on Canadian breeding grounds; Donald Libby, Carbonized wood deposits of Crater Lake National Park; C. E. Chambliss, Wild rice of the District of Columbia.
Vol. 48, pp. 1—4 February 6, 1935 PROCEEDINGS
OF THE t
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVEN NEW SPECIES OF OXYSTOMATOUS AND ALLIED CRABS.
BY MARY J. RATHBUN.!
Fuller descriptions of the following species will appear in a Bulletin of the United States National Museum. With the exception of the first species, all were taken by the Hancock Galapagos Expedition.
FAMILY RANINIDAE. Raninoides benedicti, sp. nov.
Raninoides laevis lamarcki Boone, Bull. Vanderbilt Mar. Mus., vol. 2, 1930, p. 48 (part), pl. 9, fig. B.C.—Not R&R. l. var. lamarck: Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1923.
Type.—Male, U. 8. National Museum Cat. No. 57685, off La Paz Bay, Mexico, 26.5 fathoms; Albatross station 2823. Inner angle of outer frontal tooth not spiniform. Propodus of cheliped 214 times as long as wide. Proximal margin of fixed finger forming a right angle with margin of palm; distal margin forming much more than a right angle with margin of palm. A spine at base of mobile finger, 4 spines on lower margin of manus, two spines on carpus, one spine at distal end of merus. Length of carapace 35.2, width at middle 16.3 mm.
Raninoides ecuadorensis, sp. nov.
Type.—Male, U.S. National Museum Cat. No. 69319, La Plata Island, Ecuador, 45-55 fathoms; station 212. Carapace widest at middle; anterior end roughly granulate; a well marked lateral tooth on rostrum; one curved lateral spine on carapace. Merus of cheliped unarmed, carpus bidentate, manus with 3 long slender spines below, no spine at base of movable finger. Length of carapace 20.1, width 11.6 mm.
1Published with the permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 1—Proc. Biou. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 48, 1935. (1)
2 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Famity DoripPPiDAE. Clythrocerus laminatus, sp. nov.
Type.—Male, U. S. National Museum Cat. No. 69221, Wenman Island, Galapagos Islands, 100-150 fathoms; station 143. Carapace wider than long, flat, finely granulate, with one lateral spine and without marginal indentations. Front with 2 teeth. Carpus of cheliped much broader than long; a large, blunt, triangular tooth on outer surface; a more prominent, rectangular plate projecting inward from inner surface. Length of cara- pace 4.5, width 5 mm.
Famity LEUCOSIIDAE. Ebalia clarionensis, sp. nov.
Type.—Male, U. S. National Museum Cat. No. 69348, Sulphur Bay, Clarion Island, Mexico, 32 fathoms; station 136. Carapace octagonal, surface covered with crowded punctae; a small median hollow on cardiac region; no marginal teeth at widest part of carapace; a low inconspicuous crest on last three articles of chelipeds. Length of carapace 6.3, width 6.7 mm.
Randallia minuta, sp. nov.
Type.—Male, U. S. National Museum Cat. No. 69745, Puerto Culebra, Costa Rica; dredging around isles in bay; Feb. 25, 1934; station 257. Carapace coarsely granulate except in the depressions between regions and on the front and hepatic region. These last are elevated and nearly smooth; the cap over the front has two teeth projecting forward and two backward which are directly behind the front teeth. The hepatic region is covered by a round flat plate. Two small shallow lobes on posterior margin and an equally small but more pointed lobe on postero-lateral margin. Length of carapace 4 mm., width 4.2 mm.
Iliacantha hancocki, sp. nov.
Type.—Male, U. 8. National Museum Cat. No. 69260, Santa Maria Bay, Lower California, 35-40 fathoms; station 281. Carapace with a nar- row produced front; median spine of posterior margin 11% times as long as lateral spines. Pterygostomian border rounded, not angular. Chelipeds twice as long as carapace; palm and movable finger subequal in length. Length of carapace without posterior spine 23.4, width 20.6 mm.
liacantha schmitti, sp. nov.
Type.—Ovigerous female, U. S. National Museum Cat. No. 69259, Gorgona Island, Colombia, 150 fathoms; station 220. Rostrum prominent, with two triangular acute teeth convex from side to side and from front to back, overreaching the eyes and deeply separated from each other by a tri- angular sinus. Posterior margin beneath the median spine, transverse, visible from above, slightly convex in outline and with a large, flat, tri- angular tooth at either end. Fingers 11% times as long as palm. Length of carapace excluding spine 31, width 28.8 mm.
Rathbun—Seven New Species of Oxystomatous and Allied Crabs. 3
FAMILY CALAPPIDAE.
Osachila galapagensis, sp. nov.
Type.—Female, U. S. National Museum Cat. No. 69215, Wenman Island, 100-150 fathoms; station 143. Dorsal surface wholly eroded; cardiac elevation rounded behind; a pair of tubercles at the anterior as well as the posterior corners of the cardiac region. Antero-lateral margin with sharp denticles. Rostrum thick, bilobed. Sides of terminal segment of female abdomen curved outward. Length of carapace 20.6, width 24.7 mm.
te i ee
Vol. 48, pp. 5-6 February 6, 1935 PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
4 \ 5
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
A NEW PHALLOSTETHID FISH FROM PALAWAN. BY GEORGE 8. MYERS.
Among the fishes obtained by the U. 8. Fisheries Steamer “Albatross” in the Philippines in 1907-1910 were several Phallostethids. One of them, representing a very distinct new genus, 1s described below.
PLECTROSTETHUS, new genus.
Genotype.—Plectrostethus palawanensis, new species.
Toxactinium absent. An oval pulvinulus, smaller than the eye and free around its entire margin, is present just posterior to the prominent keel of the axial bone. A single smooth ctenactinium, not greatly curved, with a broad membranous margin along the lower side of its proximal half. At its base, the folded ctenactinium covers a flat fleshy process armed on its upper and posterior border with a row of 9 or 10 short sharp recurved spines; on its anterior border the process bears two longer spines, directed forward.
Anal fin moderate in length. Nape and opercles naked. First dorsal of 2 rays. Lower jaw weak and partly included within the upper. Teeth ina single series, recurved. A thin, naked fleshy keel along belly.
Plectrostethus palawanensis, new species.
Holotype.-—U.S. N. M. 93421, a left adult male, 23 mm. standard length (28 mm. total), seined by a shore party from the U.S. S. ‘‘ Albatross”’ at the mouth of the Caiholo River, Ulugan Bay, west coast of Palawan, Dec. 29, 1908.
Allotype.-—U. 8S. N. M. 93422, a female 19.5 mm. standard length (22.5 mm. total), same locality and date.
Paratypes.—U. 8S. N. M. 93423, ten specimens, same locality and date.
First dorsal 2, inserted directly above base of tenth anal ray. Second dorsal 514, inserted over base of last anal ray. Anal 1514. Caudal 6-16-7. Scales 30 to 32 from upper end of gill slit to tip of hypural; 7 in a transverse series from mid-dorsal scale row to ventral keel. Body very slender, its greatest depth 7.66 times in standard length, its axis not angulated. Head very small, 5.75 in standard length. Least depth of caudal peduncle 11.5,
2—Proc. Biou. Soc. WasxH., Vou. 48, 1935. (5)
6 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
snout tip to anal origin 1.87, and second dorsal origin to hypural end 3.83 in standard length. Eye 2.20 in head.
This little fish is closely related to Neostethus, from which it differs trenchantly in the presence of the spine-bearing process of the priapium and in the wing-like margin of the ctenactinium.
The Phallostethidae, first made known by Regan (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8) XII, 1913, p. 548; Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1916, p. 1) as Cyprinodonts and lately placed in the order Percesoces by the present writer (Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 295, 1928, p. 4), diverge widely from any of their supposed relatives in the remarkable and complex priapium of the male. I venture, therefore, to propose for them a new suborder, Phallostethoidea, to rank with the Mugiloidea and Polynemoidea in the Percesoces.
Vol. 48, pp. 7-14 February 6, 1935 PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTO
\ *
FOUR NEW FRESH-WATER FISHES FROM BRAZIL, VENEZUELA AND PARAGUAY.
BY GEORGE S. MYERS.
Two Cyprinodonts, a Callichthyid catfish and a genus of Cichlids are herewith described as new from the collections of the United States National Museum. It will be noted that two of the new forms are based on aquarium specimens without accurate locality. Several of the many aquarium fishes that have recently been brought into New York from Manaos and Para seem to be unknown but I have hesitated to describe them because of the difficulty or impossibility of obtaining exact locality data. The present two species, however, seem to be so well-marked (one of them represents a new genus) that there can be no great objection to naming them from the material at hand, especially since we can be fairly certain of the general area from which they came.
Pterolebias zonatus, new species.
Holotype.—U. 8. N. M. 92190, an adult female with eggs, 35 mm. stand- ard length, from a pond in the estate of Guarico, Orinoco Basin of Venezu- ela, collected in 1928 by a representative of the International Health Board of the Rockefeller Foundation as a fish of value in mosquito control.
The single specimen of this fish was received in the same lot which included the type of Austrofundulus transilis Myers (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 45, 1932, p. 159!). It appears to be similar to Pterolebias longipinnis Garman (Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 19, no 1, 1895, pp. 141,
1 It should be noted that the “ Fundulus spec. ? aus Venezuela’’ reported by Ladewig which I mentioned in connection with Austrofundulus, was later found not to be a Vene- zuelan fish. I was able to purchase a pair of the offspring of Ladewig’s fish through the assistance of Mr. Hugo Weise of Braunschweig, editor of the Wochenschrift fiir Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde. These two specimens, now U.S. N. M. 94217, were bred from a pair collected by Dr. R. Oeser of Berlin at Finca del Rosario (1000 meters altitude), Bola de
Oro, Pacific slope of Guatemala, in January, 1932. They are Profundulus punctatus (Giinther).
3—Proc. Bion. Soc. WasH., VoL. 48, 1935. (7)
8 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
142, Santarem; Myers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) vol. 19, 1927, p. 117 and footnote) in the greatly compressed caudal peduncle, and the attenuate pelvic fins. It appears to differ chiefly in the more anterior dorsal position, the slightly higher anal count, and the dark vertical stripes on the side.
Body considerably compressed, especially the caudal peduncle, but the abdomen is considerably distended with eggs. Dorsum flattened, the profile moderately convex to the very posterior dorsal fin which originates above the base of the fourteenth anal ray or about three times as far from the vertical of the snout tip as from the vertical of end of hypural. Fins mostly so broken that their length can not be given but it is evident that the anterior anal rays are long, possibly as long as the head, and the com- paratively uninjured pelvics extend at least as far as the base of the eleventh anal ray. A small patch of teeth on the head of the vomer.
Dorsal badly broken, count probably about 10. Anal 22. Pectoral 13. Scales lateral 34, plus a few on caudal base; transverse from mid-dorsal series to anal origin 12; predorsal scales irregular, about 28 or 29 to above pupil; 16 around caudal peduncle.
Measurements of holotype in millimeters.—Standard length 35.0. Depth 11.0. Head 10.8. Eye 3.2. Interorbital (not bony) 4.5. Snout 3.0. Width of preorbital 0.5. Thickness of body (abdomen) 7.0. Least depth caudal peduncle 5.5. Length caudal peduncle (vertical dorsal base end to vertical hypural end) 6.3. Vertical of snout tip to vertical dorsal origin 26.0. Length pelvics 7.6.
Color in alcohol dull yellowish brown, with 11 narrow dark vertical bars along the sides, the last on the caudal peduncle. Caudal fin with small blackish spots.
Neofundulus ornatipinnis, new species.
Rivulichthys rondoni (nec Miranda-Ribeiro) Carter and Beadle, Journ. Iinn. Soc., London, (Zool.) vol. 37, 1931, pp. 329, 330, 339 (Makthlawaiya).
Holotype.—U. S. N. M. 94401, a male, 38 mm. standard length, from swamp at Makthlawaiya, Paraguayan Chaco (23° 25’ S., 58° 19’ W., about 60 miles to the West of the Rio Paraguay); collected by Dr. G. S. Carter and Mr. L. C. Beadle, 1926-1927; received by exchange from the British Museum (Natural History).
I place this species in Neofundulus (see Myers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) vol. 19, 1927, pp. 116-118) with considerable hesitation. Its fin counts are higher than those of N. paraguayensis, agreeing more closely with those of Cynopoecilus melanotaenia. In fact the only thing that prevents placing ornatipinnis in Cynopoecilus is the compressed form of the latter. It would seem that, for the present, the body form alone must constitute the sole distinguishing feature of Neofundulus. N. ornatipinnis is much more like paraguayensis than C. melanotaenia in general appearance and form. In describing the new form I have been fortunate in having at hand the holo- type of N. paraguayensis for direct comparison, as well as an example of C. melanotaenia. In giving each measurement and count of ornatipinnis, I have placed the corresponding figure for paraguayensis immediately
Myers—Four New Fresh-water Fishes. 9
after, in parenthesis.2 It may be remarked that the new species has little similarity to Rivulichthys rondoni (see Myers, loc. cit., 1927) which has a posteriorly placed dorsal fin (originating over the ninth anal ray) and a widely different fin count (dorsal 9, anal 15).
Dorsal and anal origins almost opposite, the dorsal originating over the base of the second or third anal ray, exactly as in paraguayensis. Body rather slender, much more delicately formed than in the thick-set, robust paraguayensis. Pelvic fins placed much as in paraguayensis, their bases separated by a very slight interspace. Caudal peduncle longer, dorsal and anal rays more numerous, body more slender, and scales smaller than in paraguayenstis.
Dorsal 15 (broken in paraguayensis, probably 12). Anal 18 (14). Caudal 5-18-5 (3-18-3). Pectoral 14 (13). Pelvics 7 (6). Scales lateral 37 (34) plus several on caudal base in each species; transverse from dorsal origin to anal origin 4-11-% (14-10-14); predorsal to above pupil 31 (26), in each case the number being only approximate due to injury; around caudal peduncle 20 (16). Vomerine teeth present in both species. Gill-rakers 10 (8). Branchiostegals 5 (not counted in paraguayensis due to injury).
Measurements in millimeters—Standard length 38.0 (44.5). Total length 47.0 (57.0). Depth 8.5 (11.5). Head 10.0 (12.0). Eye 3.0 (4.0). Interorbital (not bony) 4.75 (5.0). Snout 2.3 (8.6). Width preorbital 0.5 (0.7). Greatest thickness of body (opercular region) 7.0 (9.0). Least depth caudal peduncle 5.0 (6.5). Length caudal peduncle (vertical of end or dorsal base to vertical of end of hypural fan) 5.8 (5.6). Vertical of snout tip to vertical of dorsal origin 26.0 (32.0). Length pectorals 9.5 (11.0). Length pelvies 5.0 (5.3).
Body plain light brownish, paler on belly. A conspicuous, black, verti- cally elongated humeral spot just behind and somewhat above base of pectoral fin. Dorsal nearly clear basally, rest of fin marked with three series of brown spots on the membrane between the rays, the outer series near the edge of the fin. Caudal plain dusky. Anal dark at the base, this being followed in outward succession by a wide clear stripe, a dark line formed of a series of brown spots on the membrane between the rays, and a broad brownish edging to the fin. The brown edging takes up nearly half the height of the anal, and a short distance out from the series of brown spots this marginal brown is faintly aggregated into another such series of spots. Pelvics almost clear. Pectoral with several irregular series of brown spots crossing the fin on the membranes.
In paraguayensis the body color is brownish. Four dark brown ill- defined longitudinal streaks running forward from the caudal base and fading a little before the dorsal and anal origins. These stripes make the lighter ground color between them look like light lines. The caudal is not pale dusky, but is boldly marked with irregular series of brown spots. Other fins marked much as in ornatipinnis. There is no humeral blotch in paraguayensis.
2 My observations do not coincide in many points with Eigenmann and Kennedy’s
original description of Fundulus paraguayensis (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1903, p. 530).
10 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Corydoras leopardus, new species.
Holotype.—U. 8S. N. M. 93305, 41 mm. standard length; Brazil (probably the Amazon or one of the coastal streams immediately to the south); collected in 1933 by Karl Griem; received from Mr. Richard Biittner of New York.
Paratype.—U. S. N. M. 93306, 23 mm. standard length; same data.
A Corydoras very close to C. trilineatus Cope (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sct. Philadelphia, vol. 23, 1871, p. 281, pl. 6, fig. 2a-2c; Ambyiacu River) in structural features and color pattern, but differing in the greater depth of the adult; the presence of four instead of two azygous plates in front of the adipose fin; the smaller eye; the longer snout; the presence of a conspicuous dense mottling of small blackish spots over the upper two-thirds of the body, as well as on the head, cheeks and snout; the different shape and position of the black blotch on the dorsal fin; and the non-festooned lower lip.
Body deep and compressed, deepest at dorsal origin. Snout long, somewhat pointed in the holotype but more rounded in the paratype. Lower lip not festooned, connected with the jaw at all points, with a short fleshy barbel at each side of its midline and a long barbel at each rictus, in addition to the maxillary barbel. Coracoid processes leaving a wide area of the breast unarmed; a close-set mosaic of irregular scales covering the middle of the unarmed area. Pelvic fins originating under base of first soft dorsal ray. Anal origin directly under origin of adipose. Caudal fin deeply forked.
Dorsal I, 714%. Anal I, 614%. Caudal 4-12-4. Pectoral I, 9. Pelvic I, 6. Lateral scutes 22/21. Azygous plates 4. All these counts are identical in the paratype.
Measurements in millimeters (holotype first, paratype in parentheses).— Standard length 41.0 (23.0). Total length 58.0 (82.0). Head 13.5 (8.0). Snout 8.0 (4.0). Eye 4.0 (3.0). Interorbital (bony) 7.0 (3.5). Height of opercle 8.0 (5.0). Width of opercle 3.6 (2.0). Depth at origin of dorsal 17.0 (9.0). Least depth caudal peduncle 6.5 (4.). Length dorsal spine 10.5 (6.5). Length longest dorsal ray (first soft ray) 12.0 (7.0). Length longest anal ray (second branched ray) 7.5 (4.5). Length upper caudal lobe 16.5 (8.0). Length pectoral spine 11.0 (6.5). Snout tip to dorsal origin 22.5 (12.5). Greatest thickness body 10.0 (6.0). Length maxillary barbel 7.0 (2.5). All these measurements are taken from point to point, as indicated. Only the standard and total lengths are taken as to the vertical along the axis of the body.
Ground color in alcohol grayish brown. Upper two-thirds of body, the opercle, cheeks, snout, and top of head covered with a close mottling of small distinct, blackish spots. An unspotted light band as wide as the eye extends forward along the middle of the sides from the caudal base. This band is bounded above and below by a heavy aggregation of spots and along its middle runs a heavy black line covering the line of junction of the two series of lateral scutes. The effect of the whole is that of three dark lines, the middle one darkest and widest, running forward along the mid-sides
Myers—Four New Fresh-water Fishes. 1
from the caudal base, as in ¢rilineatus. In different individuals the three lines run further forward than in others. In the holotype they fade out under the end of the dorsal base but in the paratype they run forward nearly to the head.
A very large inky-black blotch on the first four soft dorsal rays and their membranes. The spot is separated from the fin margin by a variable clear area and in no case comes near the bases of the rays, which are clear. A few small irregular black spots on the posterior dorsal rays. Adipose with one or two small irregular black flecks. Caudal with six or seven transverse, curved black cross bars consisting of black spots on the rays only, the membranes being clear. Anal clear or with a few irregular spots on the rays which sometimes form three wavy bars; membranes clear. Pectorals and pelvics clear.
This species has been figured and the habits of a specimen I had under observation in an aquarium (the holotype) have been described in The Aquarium, Philadelphia, vol. 2, no. 8, Dec. 1933, pp. 188-189. The re- touched photograph reproduced there is erroneous in showing the spots of the nape too vermiculated and in representing light ray lines running through the dorsal blotch. The same photograph, with a translation of part of my article, appeared also in Aquarium, Paris, 1934, no. 5, p. 77.
I have seen several hundred living individuals at different times in aquaria. The degree of roundness or sharpness of the snout varies con- siderably and small individuals are always more slender than adults. This species has lately been brought into the United States in large numbers as an aquarium fish by Mr. Karl Griem, the well-known collector and importer of Brazilian aquarium fishes. My two specimens were recently imported individuals collected by Mr. Griem and shipped to me alive by Mr. Richard Biittner of the Empire Tropical Fish Import Company of New York.
It should be noted that Mrs. M. D. Ellis (Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. 8, 1913, p. 409) has placed Corydoras agassizi Steindachner in the synonymy of C. trilineatus. C. agassizi, as Regan has rightly appreciated (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8) vol. 10, 1912, pp. 213, 215) is certainly not the same as trilineatus. The living examples of agassizi I have seen bear little resem- blance to Cope’s figure of trilineatus. :
TAENIACARA, new genus.
Differing from Nannacara in the elongate form and the complete absence of a lateral line. No lobe on upper part of first gill arch. Gill rakers obsolete, reduced to tubercles which are visible only on the inner surface of the arch. Preopercle entire. Vertical fins naked. Maxillary hidden. Genotype the following species.
Teniacara candidi, new species.
Holotype.—U. 8. N. M. 93579, an adult male 38.5 mm. standard length, collected in the Amazon (middle), in 1934; received from Mr. Ed. Candidus of Morsemere, New Jersey, for whom the species is named.
Paratypes.—U.S. N. M. 93580, two half-grown specimens, 29 and 24 mm. standard length; from the same source.
12 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Body slender, compressed, the depth 4 to 4.27 in standard length. Head 3.2 to 3.5. Eye large, 2.5 to 3.1 in head, its diameter much greater than interorbital. Caudal peduncle slightly longer than deep. Dorsal originat- ing a little before vertical of end of opercle, its spines somewhat high, sub- equal in length beginning with the third. Caudal lanceolate, two or three of the median rays produced beyond the membrane (at least in the male). Anal originating under base of the twelfth dorsal spine. Tip of soft anal strongly pointed. Pelvics very long, the first soft ray greatly produced. Pectorals short and rounded, not reaching anal fin by more than half their length. Teeth conical, the outer row strong, the two or three crowded irregular inner rows of both jaws minute. Lips very thick and heavy. Maxillary concealed. Squamation of top of head stopping abruptly above middle of pupil. Opercles scaly, cheeks with a few excessively thin scales. The lateral line appears to be totally absent. Along the base of the dorsal fin membranes, there is what looks like a series of lines which at first sight would appear to be lateral line tubules, but no tubular structure can be detected under high magnification and manipulation. If this actually represents the lateral line, the structures are placed not on the scales but upon the basal membrane of the fin, thus differing from all Cichlids known to me.
Dorsal XVI, 6. Anal III, 6. Pectoral 11. Caudal 3-14-3. Pelvic I, 5. The lateral scale rows run obliquely upward to a very slight degree. The series from the mid-height of the opercle to the hypural end is 22; vertical series from anus to dorsal 7; predorsal 8. These counts are identical in the three specimens.
Measurements in millimeters of holotype and two paratypes.—Standard length 38.5, 29.0, 24.0. Head 11.0, 9.0, 7.5. Depth (at pelvic origin) 9.0, 7.0, 6.0. Eye 3.5, 3.0, 3.0. Snout 2.5, 2.0, 1.5. Interorbital (bony) 2.5, 2.0, 2.0. Length caudal peduncle (end anal base to vertical of hypural end) 6.5, 5.0, 4.0. Length caudal peduncle (end dorsal base to vertical of hypural end) 4.0, 4.0, 3.0. Least depth caudal peduncle 4.5, 3.5, 3.0. Greatest thickness of body (at opercular region) 5.0, 4.5, 3.7. Length third dorsal spine 10.0, 3.5, 3.0. Length caudal fin (including filaments) 16.0, injured in first paratype, 9.0 in second. Length pelvic 17.0, 10.0, 8.0. Length pectoral 6.0, 5.5, 5.0.
Ground color brownish. A broad black lateral band down the middle of the side, originating at the snout, passing through the eye, and extending out for a short distance on the caudal, where it ends abruptly although carried out to the tips of the central rays by a faint dark shade. The lateral band is one scale row in width and posteriorly it tends to spread vertically at scale junctions. It is bounded above by a light line originating in the scapular region and reaching the upper surface of the caudal peduncle. Back brownish with a tendency to be blocked off into definite darker areas. Lower parts light. An even broken dark line running back from pectoral base and fading out over anal. Dorsal plain brownish, the last few soft rays light with dark spots. Anal similar. Caudal, above the median faint longitudinal bar, light with a brownish margin along the distal terminations of the rays; below the median bar the caudal is dull
Myers—Four New Fresh-water Fishes. 13
plumbeous. Pelvics with a faint dark shade. Pectorals clear. A thin, dark longitudinal bar bounding the orbit below. In the smaller paratype there is a faint dark bar extending downward from the anterior part of the eye and another downward across the preopercular angle from the lower posterior part of the eye.
In life the male holotype showed much metallic blue-green on the head and sides. Iris metallic blue-green. Upper middle part of caudal yellow, bounded terminally and superiorly with brownish. Middle caudal rays dark, lower ones purplish brown, the whole fin narrowly edged with metallic blue-green. When the fish is frightened the dark lateral band frequently entirely disappears, leaving a pattern of wide dark vertical bands or squarish blocks, an extension of the pattern seen on the back in the preserved fish.
The three type specimens were sent to me by Mr. Ed. Candidus of Morsemere, New Jersey, whose aquarium collection is famed for the ichthyological rarities it contains. The three fishes formed part of a recent importation from the Amazon, and, as has been the case with most recent shipments, they probably came from as far up the stream as the mouth of the Rio Negro, although this is not certainly known. I studied the types in an aquarium for several days before preserving them.
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Vol. 48, pp. 15-24 February 6, 1935 PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
bed
THE WEST AMERICAN SPECIES OF SHRIMPS OF THE GENUS PENAEUS.
BY WALDO L. SCHMITT.
On the west coast of America we may recognize five species of shrimps of the genus Penaeus:
. brasiliansis (Latreille) 1817 . occidentalis Streets 1871
. stylirostris Stimpson 1871
. balboae Faxon 1893
. vannamer Boone 1931
Fis apse he ae gals
For their better understanding and ready recognition a diagnostic key is presented:
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PENAEUS KNOWN FROM THE WEST COAST OF AMERICA.
I. Carapace smooth and shining, may with age become coarsely punctate on the branchial regions, but never scabrous or spinulose, subhepatic crest or ridge, hepatic spine and a lateral portion of the cervical groove a prominent feature; well developed exopodites.
A. Lateral rostral sulci extending nearly entire length of carapace. Rostral teeth normally *3°, usually the first four dorsal teeth are on the carapace......................-.--
brasiliensis Latreille.
B. Lateral rostral sulci extending backward to or a little behind the first rostral gastric tooth.
1. Ventral margin of rostrum normally armed with four to five teeth. Lateral rostral sulci extend behind first dorsal tooth.
a. Dorsal rostral teeth run to or near to the tip of the rostrum, never more than the distal third or fourth, often less, of the free portion of the ros-
trum unarmed above. Rostral teeth usually 7%,
4—Proc. Biot. Soc. Wasz., Vou. 48, 1935. (15)
16 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
first three dorsal teeth on carapace, sometimes, especially in large adults, the most anterior of the ventral rostral teeth is much reduced, giving the rostrum in superficial inspection a tridentate appearance below ....occidentalis Streets. b. Approximately distal half or more of free portion unarmed above. Rostral teeth normally zs, first three dorsal teeth on carapace................... stylirostris Stimpson. 2. Ventral margin of rostrum armed with two teeth; distal half of free portion more or less unarmed above; ventral teeth in advance of last dorsal. Rostral teeth °5°, first four dorsal teeth on cara- pace. Lateral rostral sulci not extending behind tip or at most base of anterior margin of first dorsal HS UN: Seite es ec IN yi ly ll ae AR a vannamer Boone. II. Carapace scabrous, rough spinulose to the touch, and “when viewed through a lens, thickly beset with minute squamiform tubercles’”’; sides of carapace marked with several not very strong yet noticeable longitudinal carinae; no portion of cervical groove in evidence, no subhepatic ridge or crest, hep- atic spine represented by a small spine at about the anterior fifth of the second of the lateral longitudinal carinae. Rostral teeth z's, first four dorsal teeth on carapace. ......... balboae Faxon.
Penaeus brasiliensis Latreille.
Penaeus brasiliensis Latreille, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., vol. 25, p. 156, 1817.
Peneus brevirostris Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 30, p. 98, 1878 (also issued in separate form the same year, spelled in error Paneus, description on p. 10 of separate).
Penaeus californiensis Holmes, Proc. California Acad. Sci. (2), vol. 4, p. 581, 1895; Occ. Papers California Acad. Sci., no. 7, p. 218, pl. 4, figs. 64-69, 1900.
Penaeus braziliensis Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Art. Sci., vol. 26, p. 41, pl. 18, figs. 1-3, pl. 16, figs. 1, 2, 2a, pl. 17, fig. 10, a, d, e, f, 1922, and synonymy.
not Peneus brevirostris Boone, Bull. Vanderbilt Mar. Mus., vol. 3, p. 106, text fig. 2, pl. 32, 19380; Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 63, p. 166, fig. 13, 19381 (=P. occidentalis Streets).
Inasmuch as the species known as P. brevirostris on the west coast and P. brasiliensis on the east have in common a character, the lateral rostral sulci extending nearly the full length of the carapace, which serves to distinguish them from all other penaeids in their respective ranges, a com- parison of the two might have been expected to show something of interest. This expectation has been realized, for the two appear to be representatives of one and the same species. There seem to be no positive characters by which they may be distinguished one from the other, despite the fact that
Schmitt—W est American Species of Shrimps of Genus Penaeus. 17
specimens of approximately the same size, of each sex, from both coasts have been compared. The Pacific specimens, brevirostris, seem as a rule to run a little heavier in body, a little longer in rostrum, with lateral rostral sulci usually narrower and with a tendency to fade out behind. But on either coast in a large series of specimens there is variation enough, if only found in occasional specimens, to blot out any differences that appeared at first to be worthy of consideration. The rostra, their toothing, spination of the legs, the subhepatic ridges, and other features of the carapace, the exopodites and mouth parts were all examined. For example, in specimens of the same size, the Atlantic specimens in general seem to have lateral rostral sulci which on the carapace proper are relatively twice the width of those of the west coast, and moreover at their hinder ends sharply marked off from the general surface of the carapace; the west American specimens have narrow sulci which at their posterior ends pass over more or less gradually into the surface of the carapace, yet from several of the West Indies and from off the coast of Brazil we have good series of P. brasiliensis with the narrow Pacific type of rostral sulci.
There seems likewise to be no tangible difference in the relative stoutness of the legs, a character referred to by Holmes in describing his P. californ- zensis and contrasting it with P. brasiliensis. The petasmae and thelyca, allowing for expected variation and growth stages, may well be considered identical. I am not unmindful of the fact that the thelycum of either of the species here united in general character is like that of certain Indo- Pacific and Australian species, P. latisulcatus, esculentus, and plebejus, but no such differences as distinguish those three are to be found in the Atlantic and Pacific material at hand.
It was not until this study had been about completed that I became aware of the fact that Verrill had already (1922) placed Kingsley’s brevirostris in synonymy with P. brasiliensis. He does not otherwise comment upon his action, nor does he include the Pacific distribution in his résumé of the range of brasiliensis.
A somewhat parallel distribution of another common West Indian form is that of the stomatopod, Gonodactylus oerstedit Hansen, which has been found to be not uncommon on the West Coast, particularly in the Gulf of California, where P. brasiliensis (=P. brevirostris) also abounds.
In the Pacific P. brasiliensis ranges from San Francisco, California (Holmes), Santa Monica and San Diego, to the Bay of Sechura, west of Matacaballa, Peru, including the Gulf of California, Bay of Panama, and the Galapagos Islands. The largest Atlantic representative I have person- ally examined is about 534 inches (145 mm.) long, however Mr. Milton B. Lindner, in charge of the Louisiana shrimp investigations of the U. 8S. Bureau of Fisheries, tells me that P. brasiliensis attains a maximum size of about 200 mm.; the largest Pacific about 7 inches (177 mm.), Miss Rathbun (1910) cites one of 190 mm. in length. The rostral armature is usually or normally *3°; occasionally, or even rarely, specimens may be found with 8 or 11 teeth above, and 1 or 3 below, these ventral variations are perhaps abnormal; usually there are four teeth on the carapace behind the orbital margin. The post rostral carina is more or less sulcate; in
18 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
specimens where this groove is pronounced the carapace may appear plainly trisulcate.
Penaeus occidentalis Streets.
Penaeus occidentalis Streets, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 30, p. 348, 1871.
Peneus brevirostris Boone, Bull. Vanderbilt Mar. Mus., vol. 3, p. 106, text fig. 2, pl. 32, 1930; Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 63, p. 166, figs. 13, 14, 19381.
Through the kindness of Dr. H. A. Pilsbry I was enabled to examine the type lot of specimens upon which Streets based his original description, and so here to identify with them a considerable series of specimens pur- chased in the public market at Panama while a member of the Hancock Galapagos Expeditions of 1933 and 1934.
The types are somewhat broken and in rather soft condition; the largest is no more than 124 mm. in length. The specimens purchased in Panama, besides forty which in size are comparable to the types, include four of much larger stature, a male and three females ranging in length from 734 inches, the male to 8-7/8 inches (171-225 .mm.).
Like certain Indo-Pacific penaeids, P. indicus young and old as figured by Alcock (Cat. Indian Dec. Crust., pt. 3, fase. 1, pl. 1, figs. 3, 3a, 1906) and P. merguiensis de Man (Siboga Exped., monog. 39a, p. 104, 1911), the younger, less mature specimens of P. occidentalis have a rostrum relatively much longer than the more developed fully grown individuals.
In smaller, younger P. occidentalis the great part of the free portion of the rostrum is before the cornea, while in the larger, fully matured specimens the reverse is true, and the rostra which in youth markedly exceeded the antennular peduncle scarcely exceed it if they do not indeed fall short of the distal margin of its terminal segment.
The four large specimens from Panama have from ten to twelve rostral teeth above, two had eleven, while below there are three well marked ones with the suggestion of a fourth near the tip. Though not readily percep- tible to the eye, except on close inspection, the latter can be readily felt in passing the edge of one’s finger nail along the lower margin of the rostrum. In one of the four specimens this fourth ventral tooth was evidenced by a little notch in the lower margin, no more. The lateral rostral sulci run backward to a point behind the first dorsal rostral tooth, the outer ridge either side forming them is very strong, especially in small specimens, far more so than in the related west coast species. The thinner and longer of the antennular flagella are no longer than the antennular peduncles.
The petasma has been quite well figured by Miss Boone for specimens of this species which she mistakenly assigned to P. brevirostris, but her figure of the thelycum in no way gives the semblance of the one characteris- tic of the species. In immature individuals it is a convex, gently bowed up, shield-shaped plate with a slightly raised posterior margin and a medially raised longitudinal ridge which fades out before the middle of the shield (pl. I, figs. 1, 2). The sternal plate of the young not fully developed
Schmitt—W est American Species of Shrimps of Genus Penaeus. 19
males is quite similar in appearance. In mature females this shield becomes an irregularly radially ridged, or plicate, somewhat soft, more or less hairy plate which to first appearances might be taken to be an attached sperma- tophore, but it is the thelycal plate itself (pl. 1, fig. 5). The bases of the last two pairs of legs have small knob-like projections; those of the last pair are tipped each with a conspicuous hair tuft.
Of this species I have further examined a fairly large male from Punta Arenas, Costa Rica, originally determined as P. stylirostris for Dr. Manuel Valerio, the collector, at a time when the correct status of these several Pacific peneids had not yet been satisfactorily cleared up, and a large, but much broken, female from Panama caught Oct. 27, 1933, in about 15 feet of water, near rocks, by Constant Greco, Sr., of New Orleans, and received through the kindness of Mr. Milton J. Lindner of the U. 8S. Bureau of Fisheries. This last mentioned specimen, despite the impossibility of accurately measuring it in its much broken condition, appears to have been something in excess of 9 inches in length.
Penaeus stylirostris Stimpson.
Penaeus stylirostris Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., New York, vol. 10, p. 134, 1871.
not Peneus stylirostris Boone, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 63, p. 169, fig. 15, 1931 (=Xzphopeneus riveti Bouvier).
There is but little to add to the author’s original account. His description of the thelyecum unmistakably fixes the species. ‘In the female the feet of the last three pairs bear lamelliform processes on the inner sides of the coxae, and the sternum between the bases of the posterior feet bears a short but much projecting dentiform median carina.”
The rostrum reaches forward in young specimens of about 70 to 80 mm. to a third of the length of the free portion beyond the antennal scales, growing shorter with size and development, so that in specimens of 74% inches (190 mm.), falling short of the scale, it will be no longer than the antennular peduncle. The rostral teeth with rare exceptions, two out of thirteen specimens, will number eight above, two specimens had nine, while a fourteenth one with an abnormal rostrum had 4 above and 3 below. Usually there are 4 teeth on the ventral margin. Two out of five specimens had 5, but these had only 8 teeth above; the fifth ventral tooth in both these cases is a tiny one quite close under the extreme tip. The distal half of the rostrum, more or less, is unarmed. The lateral rostral sulci, as in P. occidentalis, run back behind the first dorsal tooth; the first three dorsal teeth are on the carapace. The thinner, longer antennular flagellum is about as long as the carapace. The petasma is simple. Two males, which had the two leaves or lobes forming the adult petasma united, had a petasma greatly resembling that of the Indo-Pacific P. semisulcatus.
The largest specimen I have seen is a female full seven and a half inches (190 mm.) long, from Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico, Carlos Stansch, Sr. collector. The farthest north specimens to my knowledge are five that were obtained for the National Museum by the former U. 8. Consul Bartley
20 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
F. Yost, at Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico. The species is apparently not un- common along the coasts of Mexico and Panama; aside from various other places along the coast, there are at hand about half a dozen specimens from Mazatlan other than the one mentioned above, received through the kindness of Mr. W. E. Chapman, former U. 8. Consul, and Sefior Jesus G. Ortega of that place, and as many more from the Canal Zone collected by Drs. Meek and Hildebrand in the course of the Smithsonian Biological Survey. Specimens which have been assigned to this species from off Costa Rica and Peru are quite young, small and immature, so that they can not with absolute certainty be excluded from P. occidentalis. I believe them to be correctly determined as P. stylirostris. The salt creeks at La Palisada, near Tumbes, are the known southern limit of the range of the species.
Penaeus balboae Faxon.
Peneus balboae Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 24, p. 211, 1893; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 18, p. 181, pl. 47, fig. 1-1e, 1895.
For the present this species seems best accommodated as Faxon has it in Penaeus, though in external appearance at least, it does differ in several particulars from what has been recognized as the general or normal facies of the genus.
Faxon has fully described and figured the species with the exception of the rostrum which in his unique holotype lacked the distal extremity.
There are seven specimens, three males and four females, of P. balboae in the collections of the National Museum determined by Dr. Mary J. Rathbun which were also taken by the Albatross off the Gulf of Panama, but on an earlier cruise and at the surface, April 1, 1888, Surf. sta. 25, Lat. 4° 18’ N., Long. 85° 14’ W. Faxon’s specimen came up in a dredge haul made at 770 fathoms, March 1, 1891, Sta. 3371, Lat. 5° 26’ 20” N., Long. 86° 55’ W.
The tip of the rostrum extends nearly to the end of the second joint of the antennular peduncle or falls a bit short of it. Above the rostrum is armed with 16 and below with 4 to 5 teeth. Thus it would appear that Faxon’s type lacked but the distal half of the free portion of the rostrum; the ventral teeth are all before the distal margin of the cornea.
Penaeus vannamei Boone.
Peneus vannamet Boone, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 63, p. 178, fig. 16, 1931.
Miss Boone’s species is based in part on specimens in the collections of the American Museum which I had labelled as representing a new species some years before and of which the National Museum was permitted to retain one of the four immature males collected by Sefior M. Gallegos, Mar. 23, 1920, in the Estero de Caliquey, Escuinapa, Sinaloa, Mexico, and presented by him to that institution.
The figure accompanying the original description of the species is in-
Schmitt—W est American Species of Shrimps of Genus Penaeus. 21
correct in showing the lateral rostral sulci extending backward behind the first rostral tooth. Usually they terminate about on a level with the tip of the first rostral tooth, and at most do not extend behind the base of the anterior margin of that tooth. The given magnification of the figure is also in error. The type is stated to be about four inches long (101 mm.+). The figure measures easily double that. The rostrum of the figured speci- men is exceptionally short. Often, especially in larger specimens, it exceeds slightly the antennular peduncle; in none of the specimens I have examined does the rostrum fall short of the terminal joint of the peduncle. Young specimens do not seem to have the relatively longer rostra found in the young of P. occidentalis and stylirostris.
As has been stated, P. vannamez is the Pacific analog of P. setiferus. The combination of rostral teeth most frequently met with in both species is 5. Although some authors grant P. setiferus a range in number of dorsal teeth up to 10, there are usually 8 or 9. In P. vannamet, on the other hand, the total count is either 9 or 10. In the latter, furthermore, with but one doubtful case in more than a dozen specimens, the first four rostral teeth are situated on the carapace proper, behind the orbital margin. P. setiferus seems less particular in this regard, 3 or 4 lying posterior to the orbital margin. [ have personally seen no exception to the rule of two ventral rostral teeth in either species. However, those of P. vannamei are closer together than in its analog. In the former they are about as close together as the second and third dorsals, while in the latter they are farther apart, approaching more in separation the distance between the first and second dorsals.
A mature male is yet to be described. Though a considerable series of specimens have passed through my hands and I have seen not less than eight males of fair size, up to 128 mm. in length, in none have the right and left lobes of the petasma yet become united with each other. Thus it is left for the female to furnish in the structure of its thelycum the means of best distinguishing this species.
In P. vannamei the plate between the fifth pair of legs has an anterior median horse-shoe, or U-shaped depression, open end forward, which medially may show a very faint ridge anteriorly raised to form a low obscure tubercle; the anterior margins or ends of the raised portion of the plate encircling the depressed area form each a somewhat semicircular, more or less perpendicularly upturned lobe. The coxae of the fourth legs are produced to form two somewhat disciform, though not large, projections which tend to overhang and in part hide from view the base of the obliquely anteriorly directed, distally rounded, trough-shaped plate arising from the thoracic sternum between that pair of legs. I am tempted to liken it to the back of a Spanish comb. It is quite the chief character of this species as compared with other American penaeids.
Beyond the four specimens belonging to the American Museum, some forty odd, all told, have been examined, nearly all from the coast of Sinaloa, Mexico, whence they were secured through the kindness of two residents of Mazatlan, Sefior Jesus G. Ortega and Mr. W. E. Chapman, former U. 8S.
22 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Consul, and Sefior Carlos Stansch, Sr., of the Dept. Forestal y de Caza y Pesca, Mexico, D. F., at the time located at Teacapan.
Mazatlan seems to be about or near the northern limit for this species, for it is not represented among the penaeids secured by the former American Consul at Guaymas, Sonora, Mr. Bartley F. Yost, from the shrimp fisheries in that vicinity. There P. stylirostris is the commercially utilized species. To the south P. vannamei ranges at least to the Bay of Panama, for the specimen that Miss Boone took for the type of the species was purchased in the market at Panama City. The National Museum has also a young female from Corozal, Canal Zone, April 18, 1911, Meek and Hildebrand, Smithsonian Biological Survey, collectors.
Sefior Stansch also kindly furnished us with a color sketch of this species, showing the normal whitish-greenish bronze-flecked, translucent coloration, and another of a color phase of this same species, a beautiful light cerulean blue, becoming lighter toward the underparts, stippled with a darker blue of the same sort; as in the normally colored individuals, the antennal flagella are a reddish brown, and the distal margins of the uropods are tinged with red.
This species first came to my attention back in 1919 when Mr. R. A. Coleman, then the U. 8. Bureau of Fisheries agent at San Francisco, California, submitted several samples of commercial dried shrimp in the shell for identification. ‘The demonstrable characters precluded their identification with any of the then known species of Penaeus. Pains were taken to secure fresh material through the intermediation of the State Department, which led to the contacts established with the several gentle- men here referred to.
In a report on ‘‘ The Shrimp Industry at Mazatlan,” Daily Consular and Trade Reports, Dept. of Commerce, No. 198, Aug. 24, 1917, U. S. Consul W. E. Chapman gives some information regarding the commercial utiliza- tion of this shrimp:
‘““There are some 40 or 50 shrimp fisheries along the Pacific shore line within this consular district, with the trading center of the in- dustry at Mazatlan. Most of the shrimp are collected during the rainy season—from July to November—in numerous shallow lagoons along the seashore. They are brought in from the adjacent waters of the Pacific Ocean by the currents. It often happens that there are large areas of the sea literally filled with them.
“All lagoons utilized in catching the shrimp are traversed at the inlet by a dam with two rows of light piling about 4 feet apart filled in with enough fine brush to prevent the shrimp passing through. Depending upon the length of the dam, one or more traps of the ordinary style of lobster trap are located at convenient intervals for allowing the shrimp to enter the lagoon and at the same time for catching them when the fishermen are ready to take them from the water. When they first enter the lagoons from the sea they are usually small, although in some seasons they are large enough for immediate use.
“The lagoons produce a weed or grass that grows from the bottom and is known locally as paiste. Immediately upon entering the lagoons the shrimp begin feeding upon this weed so that in seasonable years the average length of the shrimp increases to about 41% inches.
Schmitt—W est American Species of Shrimps of Genus Penaeus. 23
“Unlike the ordinary species of fish, shrimp move with the currents of water in which they are found. Therefore the fishermen watch for the rising of the tide to open the entrances through the dams and the falling of the same to close them.
“When the shrimp have reached full growth in the lagoons the
- fishermen set their traps and again utilize the force of the tide, this time the outgoing one, in making the catch. At each trap, if there are men enough, one man uses a sort of basket fastened to the end of a pole with which to dip the shrimp from the trap and deposit them in a canoe. Generally several canoe loads are taken to camp by each man at each tide, making it possible for a few men to gather several tons in a day.
“Many of the smaller operators in the shrimp industry catch with nets ranging from 100 to 400 feet in length, either in the lagoons or in shallow water along the open seashore.
‘“When the shrimp season is good, as is usually the case, it is not uncommon for 10 men to catch 20 tons of shrimp in a period of eight hours, using the hand nets. Of course this success can be attained only on such occasional days as the shrimp happen to drift within the scope of operations.
“The shrimp industry in this district provides three forms of the preserved product for the trade, namely (a) Mexican shrimp which is salt-dried and so called because it is produced principally by Mexican fishermen and used almost exclusively in the Mexican trade. It is packed in mat bags with the head and shell on and is first in import- ance among the three products. (6) China shrimp, which is cooked with a little salt and then dried with the head and shell removed. It was so named because it is produced by the Chinese to some extent and is prepared for the use of the Chinese in Mexico, the United States, and even in China. China shrimp is second in importance. (c) Canned shrimp, which is prepared for the market in the United States at a few small canneries located at points adjacent to the fisheries. All of the canning factories are operated by Americans.
“One American concern that has been in the shrimp-canning business during the past three or four years, having a plant with a daily capacity of 5,000 cans, is taking steps to reorganize for the purpose of increasing its output to about 20,000 cans daily. It will install can-closing machinery. The closing of shrimp cans in the past has been done by hand.
“The shrimp industry in this district, however, is not carried on without some difficulties. The foreigner can not succeed unless he has a good command of the Spanish language, a good knowledge of local conditions affecting the business, and plenty of capital with which to work. Catches will be lost if exposed to heavy rains during the process of drying in the case of Mexican or China shrimp, or before the canned shrimp are put up unless some method of covering is employed at a heavy cost. Another difficulty is the matter of gauging the number of laborers necessary to the success of the season or of the particular catch, as several thousand dollars may be lost in shrimp over night due to insufficient help.
“The shrimp industry appears to be in its infancy, and is conducted on a small scale in this section of Mexico, handling only about 10 per cent of the available supply.”
Among the Sinaloa peneids, P. vannamei predominates, with P. brevi- rostris, now braziliensis, a fairly close second. That the former is appar- ently the mainstay of the fishery is borne out by the fact that several samples of the dried shrimp from Mazatlan proved to be that species, and that the commercial shrimp exhibited in the Mexican Exhibit at the World’s
24 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1894 were likewise this species. There were three males and a female in this particular lot, of which one of the males, noted above, was the largest of the species and of its sex that I have seen, 128 mm. in length—Sefior Stansch, quoted below, gives the maximum length of the species as 25 cm. (nearly 10 inches!). These specimens were only recently located among some of the unidentified materials in this Museum, but had been labelled at the time of their receipt by Dr. Mary J. Rathbun as Penaeus near setiferus.
One of the specimens of P. vannamei received from Sefior Stansch was accompanied by the following note in Spanish: ‘‘From the end of March onward this species of shrimp enters the mouths of the rivers and streams. It is then 1 cm. in length, more or less, and very transparent. It goes as far as the mouths of the most distant estuaries, as much as 50 km. from their mouths. During the months from May to September it lives in the estuaries and lagoons, growing to its normal size, which is from 12 to 25 em. long. Its food consists of vegetable elements (algae), animals (ento- mostraca, hydrozoa), and [detritus]. Toward the end of August they start on their way back to sea.”
Notes on the shrimp fishery at Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico, where P. stylirostris would seem to be the important species, and Topolobampo, Sinaloa, from which place I have no specimens, by Bartley F. Yost, U.S. Consul at Guaymas, as of August 15, 1922, are issued in the form of a mimeographed circular (Mem. S—226) by the U. 8S. Bureau of Fisheries.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Plate 1.
Fig. 1, 2. Penaeus occidentalis, young females, 4/5ths natural size, two of Streets’ types from Panama (McNeill Exped., No. 73, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia).
Fig. 3, 4. Same, thelyca, respectively of preceding, x 2.4.
Fig. 5. Penaeus occidentalis, fully developed, mature female, x 2.4, pur- chased in Panama.
Fig. 6. Penaeus vannamei, thelycum of female, nearly x 4, Mazatlan, Mexico, Aug. 1923, Jesus G. Ortega, coll.. W. E. Chapman, donor.
Fig. 7. Same, thelycum of another female, nearly x 4, Mazatlan, Mexico, Carlos Stansch, Sr., Sec. Agr. Fom. Sec. Estud. Biol., Mexico, D. F. coll. & don.
Fig. 8. Penaeus stylirostris, thelycum of mature female, about x 2.4, Mazat- lan, Mexico, Carlos Stansch, Sr., Sec. Agr. Fom. Sec. Estud. Biol., Mexico, D. F., coll. & don.
Plate 2.
Penaeus occidentalis, fully developed mature female, 4/5ths natural size, purchased, Panama. (Thelycum of this specimen is figured pl. 1, fig. 5.)
Proc.
Broz. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 48.
PuaTe I,
<<
See
PLATE II.
Proc. Brox. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 48.
os
ijl
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ti ae
Pan 2 eS ee
Vol. 48, pp. 25-26 February 6, 1935 PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
A NEW ANABANTID FISH OF THE GENUS BETTA FROM JOHORE.
BY GEORGE S. MYERS.
Mr. C. M. Breder, Jr., Assistant Director of the New York Aquarium, has recently been investigating the breeding behavior of two species of Betta which practice oral brooding instead of building a floating nest of foam, as is the practice of B. splendens and B. bellica. Mr. Breder has sent me specimens of his two species for determination. The smaller one agrees with B. picta (Cuvier and Valenciennes) but the larger seems to be an unknown form, not only one of the largest but also one of the most well-marked species of Betta yet discovered.
Betta brederi, new species.
Betta pugnax (nec Cantor) Brind, 1934, p. 95 (stream in Johore to the westward of the Johore River).
Betta sp. Breder, 1934, p. 126, fig. (Johore; breeding habits in aquaria).
Holotype.—U. 8S. N. M. 94400, an adult female 66 mm. standard length (91 mm. total), from swift-flowing water in a small stream in Johore which empties into Johore Strait near the middle of the latter and west of the Johore River (probably the Sungai Tebrau), taken together with a species of Channa (Ophicephalus) and Rasbora heteromorpha in the spring of 1933 by Arnold Ramsperger, and brought alive to New York; received from C. M. Breder, Jr.
Paratype.—U. 8S. N. M. 94442, an adult male 69 mm. standard length 98 mm. total), same data as holotype.
A large, very robust species, differing from all described forms in the presence of two short, stout, sharp spines in the dorsal fin.
Dorsal II, 8-9. Anal II, 23-24. Caudal 18. Pectoral 12. Pelvic I, 5. Scales lateral 29 (plus 3 on base of caudal); predorsal (to snout-tip) 23-25; transverse (between mid-dorsal scale series and anal fin origin) 11. Dorsal originating slightly nearer vertical of end of opercle than vertical of end of hypural fan, over sixth soft ray of anal and opposite fourteenth scale of mid-side series; fifth soft dorsal ray longest, attenuate. First soft pelvic
5—Proc. Bion. Soc. WasH., Vou. 48, 1935. — (25)
26 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
ray filamentous. Caudal strongly acuminate. Head approximately equal to depth, about 3.1 times in standard length. Eye 3.9 in head; 1.5 in interorbital; shorter than snout. Maxillary reaching vertical of posterior nostril, not quite to front border of eye. Depth of caudal peduncle equal to head behind anterior border of pupil.
Measurements of holotype in millimeters (figures for paratype in paren- theses).—Standard length 66.0 (69.0). Total length 91.0 (98.0). Head 21.0 (22.0). Eye 5.3 (5.7). Interorbital (bony) 8.0 (9.6). Snout 6.0 (7.6). Depth 21.2 (22.0). Depth caudal peduncle 14.0 (15.5). Predorsal length 42.0 (45.0). Base anal fin 34.0 (35.0). Base dorsal fin 10.3 (10.0). Greatest thickness of body 14.0 (17.0). Length pectoral 13.0 (15.0). Length longest dorsal ray (fifth) 15.0 (21.0). Length longest anal ray (twenty-first) 21.0 (24.0). These measurements are made in the usual way, with calipers, from point to point as indicated, not as to the vertical of the points along the axis of the fish.
Color in spirits dark, dull brownish, with three faintly darker longitudinal lines along the sides on the fourth, sixth and eighth scale rows below the dorsal. Unpaired fins blackish. Pelvics dark, the filament tipped with white. Pectorals hyaline.
For comparison with the new fish the National Museum has material only of Betta splendens Regan, B. anabatoides Bleeker, B. patott Weber and de Beaufort, B. picta (Cuvier and Valenciennes), B. taenzata Regan, and B. bellica Savage. None of these approach B. brederi closely.
The locality data for the new fish has been derived from Brind’s paper. Brind obtained his information directly from the collector. The two type specimens were among those mentioned by Brind as having been purchased for the New York Aquarium by Mr. C. W. Coates of that institution at the time the fish arrived in New York.
LITERATURE.
BrEDER, C. M., JR.
1934. The reproductive habits of the Painted Betta, a relative of the Siamese Fighting Fish, new to aquaria. Bull. N. Y. Zool. Soc., vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 126-1338, 6 figs.
Brinn, W. L.
1934. Betta pugnax Cantor, the Mouth-breeding Fighting Fish. Aquatic
Infe, Baltimore, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 95-98. DE BEAvuForT, L. F.
1933. On some new or rare species of Ostariophysi from the Malay Peninsula and a new species of Betta from Borneo. Bull. Raffles Mus., 1933, no. 8, pp. 31-36.
Reaan, C. T.
1910. The Asiatic fishes of the family Anabantidae. Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 1909, pp. 767-787, pls. 77-79. Weser, Max, AND DE BrEavrort, L. F. 1922. The fishes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Vol. 4. Leiden.
Vol. 48, pp. 27-30 February 6, 1935 PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW RACES OF BRUSH RABBIT FROM CALIFORNIA.
BY ROBERT 'T.) ORR, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California.
During the course of a systematic study of the Leporidae of California, three heretofore unnamed geographic races of Sylvilagus bachmani have been recognized. These may now be named and described as follows:
Sylvilagus bachmani tehamae, new subspecies.
Type.—Adult male, skin and skull; no 34971, Mus. Vert. Zool.; from Dale’s, on Paine’s Creek, 600 feet altitude, Tehama County, California; collected December 26, 1924, by J. Grinnell; orig. no. 6183.
Geographic range.—From the Rogue River Valley, Jackson County, Oregon, south through northern California, along the inner coast ranges, to southern Lake County, and along the western slope of the Sierra Nevada to Placer County; found in suitable territory on the floor of the Sacramento Valley at least as far south as Butte County.
Diagnosis.—Size: medium, with ears slightly larger and hind feet some- what shorter than in Sylvilagus b. ubericolor. Color: slightly paler dorsally, and noticeably paler on sides, than in wbericolor; tips of ventral hairs white. Skull: rostrum very broad at base, tapering rather abruptly; postorbital notches well rounded; palatal bridge relatively long; auditory bullae small, although definitely larger than in wbericolor.
Measurements.—The average and extreme measurements in millimeters of six adults from Tehama and Shasta counties are as follows: Total length, 322.5 (305-340); tail vertebrae, 28.3 (22-33); hind foot, 73.2 (70-78); basilar length, 49.0 (48.38-50.0); zygomatic breadth, 31.9 (31.2- 32.7); postorbital constriction, 10.8 (9.8-11.8); greatest length of nasals, 26.9 (26.3-27.8); greatest combined width of nasals, 13.3 (12.7-14.0); alveolar length of upper molar series, 11.9 (11.7—12.0); diameter of external auditory meatus, 4.0 (3.8-4.3); breadth of brain case measured from inner side of one external auditory meatus to that of its opposite, 22.0 (21.2- 22.5); least length of palatal bridge, 5.9 (5.3-6.5).
Remarks.—The range of this race is tentatively extended north to the
6—Proc. Brox. Soc. Wass., Vou. 48, 1935. (27)
28 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Rogue River Valley on the basis of one adult specimen examined from Prospect, Jackson County, Oregon. The skin of this individual is in extremely worn pelage, but the skull is in perfect condition, showing the short, basally broad rostrum characteristic of tehamae.
Specumens examined.—A total of 58, from the following localities: Oregon: Jackson County: Prospect, 1. California: Shasta County: three miles west of Knob, 4400 feet altitude, 3 (coll. Calif. Acad. Sci.); McCloud River near Baird Station, 1; Stillwater, 4 (coll. U.S. Biol. Survey). Trinity County: Hayfork, 1; South Fork Mountain, 8; divide twelve miles north of North Yolla Bolly Mt., 4400 feet altitude, 1. Tehama County: 600 feet altitude, on Paine’s Creek, 4; Lyman’s, 3300 feet altitude, four miles northwest of Lyonsville, 3; Manton, 2300 feet altitude, 9; Mill Creek, two miles northeast of Tehama, 2; Tehama, 1 (coll. U. 8. Biol. Survey). Butte County: fourteen miles south of seven miles west of Chico, 7. Yuba County: Rackerby, 2 (coll. Calif. Acad. Sci.). Placer County: Auburn, 3 (coll. U. S. Biol. Survey). Mendocino County: Lierly’s Ranch, four miles south of Mt. Sanhedrin, 2; three miles south of Covelo, 2. Lake County: Castle Springs, 2700 feet altitude, 1 (coll. Calif. Acad. Sci.); Glenbrook, 1 (coll. Calif. Acad. Sci.). Colusa County: three miles west of Stonyford, 1. Yolo County: Rumsey, 1.
Sylvilagus bachmani macrorhinus, new subspecies.
Type.—Adult female, skin and skull; no. 51679, Mus. Vert. Zool.; from Alpine Creek Ranch, three and one-half miles south of two and one-third miles east of Portola, 1700 feet altitude, San Mateo County, California; collected April 18, 1932, by E. Lowell Summer, Jr.; orig. no. 138.
Geographic range.—West-central California, from San Francisco south along the coast to north end of Monterey Bay and inland from southwestern Solano County south to Santa Clara County.
Diagnosis.—Size: slightly smaller than Sylvilagus b. ubericolor, but ears longer. Color: intermediate between wbericolor and bachmam. Skull: large, rostrum long and narrow in comparison with bachmani from coastal San Luis Obispo County; postorbital notches slit-like instead of oval-shaped as in ubericolor; anterior palatine foramina moderately constricted poster- iorly; auditory bullae of medium size.
Measurements.—The average and extreme measurements of nine adult topotypes are as follows: total length, 346.1 (319-372); tail vertebrae, 40.8 (36-45) (average of eight); hind foot, 72.9 (70.8—-77.2); ear from crown, 74.8 (70-78); ear from notch, 64.1 (61-66); basilar length, 50.9 (49.5-52.4) ; zygomatic breadth, 31.9 (31.0-33.3); postorbital constriction, 10.4 (9.0- 11.7); greatest length of nasals, 27.9 (26.2-29.6); greatest combined width of nasals, 12.4 (11.7-13.1); alveolar length of upper molar series, 12.9 (12.4-13.4); diameter of external auditory meatus, 5.0 (4.7-5.4); breadth of brain case measured from inner side of one external auditory meatus to that of its opposite, 22.2 (21.2-23.5); least length of palatal bridge, 5.3 (5.0-6.2).
Remarks.—Material at hand from the north and south sides of San Francisco Bay, representing the races ubericolor and macrorhinus, indicates
Orr—Three New Races of Brush Rabbit from California. 29
that in respect to at least two of the cranial characters studied, namely, the shape of the postorbital notch and the size of the auditory bullae, these two subspecies do not overlap.
Two specimens examined from southwestern Solano County, while from north of the bay, come from near the delta region and show no close relationship to wbericolor. These individuals are as gray as riparius, but in cranial characters they more nearly agree with macrorhinus.
Specimens examined.—A total of 105 from the following localities in California: Solano County: ten miles southwest of Suisun, 2 (coll. Ralph Ellis, Jr.). Contra Costa County: near Walnut Creek, 2; west side of Mt. Diablo, 5; Pacheco, 1; near Moraga, 1. Alameda County: near Berkeley, 23; Oakland, 1. San Francisco County: San Francisco, 3 (coll. Calif. Acad. Sci.). San Mateo County: Menlo Park, 7; Alpine Creek Ranch, 1700 feet, 48. Santa Clara County: Stevens Creek, 3; San Jose, 1; Black Mountain, 4. Santa Cruz County: near Santa Cruz, 4.
Sylvilagus bachmani riparius, new subspecies.
Type.—Adult female, skin and skull; no. 57348, Mus. Vert. Zool.; from west side of the San Joaquin River, 2 miles northeast of Vernalis, in Stanis- laus County, California; collected November 11, 1931, by Robert T. Orr; orig. no. 448.
Geographic range.—Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, on the west side of the San Joaquin River in northern Stanislaus and southern San Joaquin counties.
Diagnosis.—A moderately pale, gray-sided brush rabbit, resembling Sylvilagus b. virgultt of the Salinas Valley externally, but with slightly darker color dorsally. Skull: similar to that of virgultc in size but with zygo- mata more broadly expanded; rostrum of medium size but differing from all other forms of bachmanz in that it bulges laterally; nasals lacking much of the anterior constriction seen in macrorhinus and virgulti; anterior palatine foramina almost entirely lacking posterior constriction; post- orbital notches slit-like; auditory bullae of medium size, larger than in macrorhinus.
Measurements.—The average and extreme measurements of four adult topotypes are as follows: Total length, 328.0 (807-347); tail vertebrae, 38.8 (386-41); hind foot, 76.5 (75-78); ear from notch, 69.5 (68-73); basilar length (3 averaged), 48.8 (47.9-50.0); zygomatic breadth (8 averaged), 31.4 (31.3-81.5); postorbital constriction, 9.9 (9.1-10.5); greatest length of nasals, 27.9 (27.0—29.3); greatest combined width of nasals, 12.2 (12.0- 12.6); alveolar length of upper molar series, 12.4 (12.2-12.5); diameter of external auditory meatus (3 averaged), 5.0 (4.8-5.2); breadth of brain case measured from inner side of one external auditory meatus to that of its opposite (3 averaged), 21.7 (21.1-22.3); least length of palatal bridge, 4.9 (4.6-5.1).
Remarks.—The presence of Sylvilagus bachmani on the floor of the San Joaquin Valley has not, as far as known, previously been recorded. In the spring of 1931 the writer obtained his first individual of this species in
30 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
northern Stanislaus County. On subsequent visits to the same locality four additional specimens were obtained.
Specimens examined.—A total of five, from the west side of the San Joaquin River near Vernalis, in Stanislaus County, California.
It is appropriate here to express appreciation to officials of the United States Bureau of Biological Survey and of the California Academy of Sciences, and to Mr. Ralph Ellis, Jr., for the use of material having an important bearing upon this work, and, likewise, to Mr. E. Lowell Summer, Jr., of the California Fish and Game Commission, who contributed a large series of brush rabbits from San Mateo County, California.
December 20, 1934. ;
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Vol. 48, pp. 31-32 February 6, 1935 PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
x
A NEW PLANT OF THE GENUS POLYGALA FROM MEXICO.
BY 8., FP. BLAKE,
The new Polygala here described is contained in a series of about 24 collections of the genus made in the State of Mexico by Mr. G. B. Hinton in 1932-33 and submitted for identification by Sir Arthur W. Hill of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew. This collection also includes excellent specimens (no. 1810) of the rare Polygala crinita Chod. from a dry hill at Vigas, District of Temascaltepec, State of Mexico. This species was based on two collections (nos. 404, 403) in the herbarium at Monaco obtained by Karwinski ‘‘in Mexico prope Crista,’”’ a locality of uncertain position. The plant was long afterward collected by T. S. Brandegee in 1904 in the Cerro Colorado, Sinaloa, and redescribed as P. setifera Brandeg. It has apparently not been obtained by any other botanists. Mr. Hinton’s collection of this unique species considerably extends its definitely known range.
Polygala hintonii Blake, sp. nov.
Annua tenuis glaberrima; folia alterna linearia; racemi cylindrici v. conico-cylindrici acuminati densiflori 4-6 mm. diam.; bracteae lanceolato- subulatae persistentes; flores parvi rosei v. albi brevissime pedicellati; alae ovales v. ovali-ovatae; crista paucifida; capsula stipitata alis multo brevior; semen glabrum 0.7 mm. longum; arillus obsolescens.
Very slender erect annual, 2—4 dm. high, glabrous throughout, erectish- branched toward apex, the stem solitary, surpassed by the branches, all terminated by racemes; lowest leaves (cotyledons?) one pair, oval or obovate, short-petioled, 3-5 mm. long, 2-38 mm. wide, obtuse, the others all scattered, linear, 5-15 mm. long, 0.2-0.7 mm. wide, acute, usually erectish, short-petioled, bearing several immersed glands, the uppermost reduced, bracteiform; peduncles 1.5-4 cm. long; racemes cylindric or conic-cylindric, acuminate or in age only apiculate, 7-22 mm. long, 4-6 mm.
7—Proc. Brou. Soc. WasH., Vou. 48, 1935. (31)
32 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
thick, the axis becoming 3.5 cm. long; pedicels ca. 0.3 mm. long; bracts lanceolate-subulate to lance-ovate, acuminate, 1-1.2 mm. long, spreading or curved-ascending, with 2 yellow glands at base; upper sepal ovate, acutish, slightly toothed or erose, pink or white, 1-1.2 mm. long; lower sepals similar, 0.8-1 mm. long; wings rosy or white, oval or oval-ovate, 2- (fruit) 8 mm. long, 1— (fruit) 1.4 mm. wide, rounded or obtuse, often minutely erose at apex, short-clawed, 3-nerved; upper petals obliquely ovate, subtruncate and obscurely erose at apex, 1.4-1.8 mm. long; keel 1.2-2.1 mm. long, bearing 2 large yellow glands, the crest on each side of 2 linear lobes and a subquadrate lamella; stamens 8, the anthers somewhat longer than the glabrous free part of the ‘filaments; capsule (including stipe) 1.3-1.6 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, the body about 1 mm. long, obliquely suborbicular, with 2 pairs of roundish glands along septum, borne on an obliquely curved compressed stipe about half as long; seeds ellipsoid- cylindric, 0.7 mm. long, 0.3 mm. thick, black, glabrous, shining, minutely striate, minutely apiculate at base; aril obsolescent.
Mexico: Rincén, Dist. Temascaltepec, State of Mexico, 15 Feb. 1932, G. B. Hinton 256 (type no. 1,589,185, U. S. Nat. Herb.); in oak woods, Mina de Agua, same District, alt. 1990 m., Oct. 1932, Hinton 2331; on hill, Ixtapan, same District, alt 1000 m., 1 Nov. 1932, Hinton 2471; Bejucos, same District, alt. 610 m., 9 Nov. 1982, Hinton 2534.
In the type, which is much more mature than the other collections, the wings are rosy fading to whitish; in the other collections the wings are white or barely pink-tinged. The species is an addition to the small group in the series Tenues (subgenus Orthopolygala) consisting of P. gracillima S. Wats. and P. decidua Blake, in both of which, as in the new species, the seed is glabrous. Polygala decidua is readily separated by its much larger seed (1.2 mm. long), deciduous bracts, and looser racemes, in addition to other characters. P. gracillima, which looks like a miniature of the new species, is distinguished by its more slender racemes (only 2-3 mm. thick), its smaller flowers (1.5 mm. long or less), its considerably smaller seed (0.56 mm. long), and the possession of 6 stamens instead of 8. The shape of its capsule and stipe is the same as in P. hintoni.
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Vol. 48, pp. 33-38 February 6, 1935 PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON |
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a4
CONCERNING NEOTROPICAL SPECIES OF RHAGOVELIA (VELIIDAE : HEMIPTERA).
BY C. J. DRAKE anp H. M. HARRIS. Ames, Lowa.
Further work with collections of Neotropical water-striders belonging to the genus Rhagovelia Mayr necessitates several synonymical changes and the recognition of three species and a variety as new to science. Types of the new forms are in the collection of the authors, paratypes have been deposited in the U. 8. National Museum.
1. Rhagovelia amazonensis Gould.
Rhagovelia amazonensis Gould, Sci. Bull., Univ. Kan., 20 : 15, 1931. Rhagovelia williamsi Gould, Sci. Bull., Univ. Kan., 20 : 47, 1931.
A careful study of paratypes (male and female) of R. willzamsi Gould shows them to be inseparable from R. amazonensis. The posterior tibia is armed at the apex with a distinct spur. The hind trochanters are spinose in the male. The “carina”? mentioned in the original description as occurring on the first genital segment of the female is in reality a suture separating the two genital flaps. In the females of amazonensis the apex of each connexivum is thickly beset with bristly hairs; in the paratype of williamsi these hairs are present but are so matted together as to appear like spines and were erroneously described as such in the original descrip- tion. The patch of long hairs on the second connexival segment is quite characteristic.
2. Rhagovelia armata Burmeister.
Specimens, apterous and winged, are at hand from Guatemala. In addition examples have been seen from Guadeloupe, West Indies, and Colima, Mexico. As in several other members of the genus the incrassation of the hind femora varies greatly in a series of specimens. Coupled with this there is considerable diversity in the character of the armature of both femora and tibiae. In specimens with greatly enlarged femora the tibiae are strongly sinuately bowed and are somewhat flattened and widened
8—Proc. Biou. Soc. WasuH., VoL. 48, 1935. (33)
34 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
within and armed with stouter teeth along the distal third. In specimens with slightly swollen femora the hind tibiae frequently are perfectly straight. The pronotum of apterous individuals is more sharply rounded behind in the male than in the female.
3. Rhagovelia callida, n. sp.
Apterous form: Moderately large, grayish black, clothed with short brownish pile, the long bristly hairs darker, very sparse above, longer and not numerous on the sides. Body beneath with a bluish lustre. Connexiva with black and somewhat shiny margins. Anterior and posterior coxae and margins of acetabula, trochanters and basal fourth of antennae flavous to stramineous. Legs black, somewhat shiny, the tibiae and tarsi brownish black.
Pronotum short, transverse, not produced behind. Mesonotum similar to R. velocis, n. sp. Head with usual markings, eyes brownish black. Antennae moderately large; proportions, 28 : 16: 17: 15.
Male: Hind femora moderately incrassated, sharply reduced a little before apex, armed within with a single row of short stout blunt teeth on the distal two-fifths; tibiae slightly curved, indistinctly denticulate within, with a spur at apex. Intermediate legs, 58 : 37 : 23: 20. Metasternum and venter ridged along the median line, the ridge very broad on the meta- sternum, narrowing posteriorly and becoming very narrow on last two segments and clothed with long hairs. Last genital segments beneath and a spot on last two to four tergites black, slightly shiny, the spots on tergites becoming larger posteriorly.
Female: Connexiva broad and rounded at the apex, there clothed with long brown hairs; the last three or four tergites with black spots, the first two of which are smaller. Hind femora faintly enlarged, with short, stout black spines on apical third, the first tooth considerably more prominent than others. Abdomen tumid beneath, the last venter slightly shorter than the two preceding, roundly produced at the middle behind.
Length, 3.80—4.10 mm., width, 1.50—1.60 mm.
Holotype, male, Aone. female, Rio Rimac, Lima, Pens Sept. 1933. Paratypes, males and females, taken with type and at La Merced, Junin, Peru, Nov. 1938. This insect is not easily confused with any described species. The ventral ridge and the nature of the posterior femora and their armature are distinguishing characters. Winged forms are unknown.
4. Rhagovelia calopa D. & H.
Calopa often occurs in great abundance in Honduras. The type is from Guatemala. In the female there is a conspicuous brownish spot along the upper margin of each connexival segment, occasionally absent on first two segments. The incrassation of the femora varies greatly in different specimens. In the winged form (male and female) the pronotum marked as in apterous, triangular behind, more strongly arched across the disc, with a faint median longitudinal carina, and with a few scattered punctures on the triangular portion.
Drake and Harris—Rhagovelia (Veliidae : Hemiptera). 35
5. Rhagovelia gregalis D. & H.
Rhagovelia gregalis D. &. H., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40 : 136, 1927. Rhagovelia obscura Gould, Science Bull., Univ. of Kan., 20 : 38, 1931.
‘In addition to the types, from Honduras, specimens are at hand from Guatemala and Peru. The hind tibia is armed at the tip with a small spur and in the male is minutely serrate within. The tibial spur is some- what variable in size and often is quite inconspicuous. A reexamination of the types of gregalis, after they were relaxed and cleaned, shows that they also possess these characters and that the original description in regard to this was in error. A comparison of the types of gregalis D. & H. and obscura Gould proves that the two names apply to the same species.
6. Rhagovelia longipes Gould. |
Apterous form: Grayish black, clothed with numerous long hairs. Pro- notum very short, not produced over mesonotum, about three times as wide as long, with a transverse brownish spot near the front margin. Meso- notum very large, considerably arched. Metanotum mostly concealed above. Abdomen above with a bluish tinge. Hairs on abdomen longer in male than in female, the former with conspicuous long hairs on genital segments. Base of antennae, coxae and trochanters of anterior and posterior legs, margins of all acetabula, and small basal portion of front and sometimes hind femora flavous to flavo-testaceous. Proportional measurements of the appendages agree with those given in the original description.
Several hundred specimens, apterous and winged males and females, Rio Paucartambo, Quiroz, Peru, Dec. 1933. In the winged form the pronotum is conspicuously punctured in front of the hind margin.
7. Rhagovelia plumbea Uhler.
Rhagovelia plumbea Uhler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1894, p. 217. Trochopus maritimus Carpenter, Ent. Mo. Mag., 24 : 78, 1898. Rhagovelia salina Gould (nec Champ.), Sci. Bull., Univ. Kan., 20 : 41, 1931.
A common species in brackish waters along the southern-most points of Florida and nearby islands, West Indies and Central America. Specimens from the type series have been examined. The winged form is not known. Long series exhibit some variation in color. The specimens in the Uni- versity of Kansas collection, labelled by Gould as salina Champion, are referable to this species.
8. Rhagovelia regalis, D. & H.
Rhagovelia regalis Drake & Harris, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 40 : 137, 1927. Rhagovelia confusa Gould, Sci. Bull., Univ. Kan., 20 : 23, 1931.
In addition to the type series from Honduras numerous specimens from Punta Gorda, Br. Honduras, are at hand. This insect is most closely allied to gregalis D. & H. from which it may be separated by the less arched mesonotum and the slightly shorter legs. The connexivum of the female
36 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
is wider at the apex than in gregalis. An examination of the types of R. confusa Gould in the collections of the University of Kansas discloses that they are inseparable from R. regalis D. & H.
9. Rhagovelia relicta Gould.
Several apterous males and females, Rio Branco, Minas Geraes, Brazil. The series exhibits considerable variation in color, some specimens being brown with paler markings and agree well with the original description; others range in general color from dark brown to black with light markings. The species is very close to if not identical wie R. robusta Gould as repre- sented by a paratype before us.
10. Rhagovelia sinuata var. calcaris, n. var.
Size, form and color very similar to typical sinwata. Hind femora of males varying in size, frequently enormously incrassate; hind tibiae mod- erately to strongly bowed, denticulate within and armed with a mod- erate to enormous spur a little in front of the apex. Short spines of femora and tibiae blunt. Hind trochanter also with short spines.
Holotype, apterous male, allotype, apterous female and paratypes, numerous apterous males and females, Rio Paucartambo, Quiroz, Peru, Dec. 1933; in authors’ collection.
As the claspers are very similar to those of R. senuata, it seems best to treat this form as a variety. The males may be recognized at a glance by the presence of the spur on the tibia.
11. Rhagovelia spinigera Champion.
Apterous form: Pronotum coarsely, deeply punctured, indistinctly carinate down the middle, rounded behind in the male, in the female very broadly rounded, almost subtruncate; practically covering mesonotum. Connexiva in the male moderately broad, margined with brown, blackish at base and apex; in the female strongly reflexed over the posterior part of abdomen, its apex broadly rounded, sometimes smooth, sometimes conspicuously clothed with long hairs, basal three-fifths of margin yellow- ish brown, the reflexed portion mostly brownish black.
One of the commonest species in Central America and Mexico. The intermediate femora are constricted only in female individuals.
12. Rhagovelia tenuipes Champion.
Specimens are at hand from Honduras, Guatemala and Mexico. The shorter and stouter legs and the armed hind femora separate this species at once from longipes Gould.
13. Rhagovelia velocis, n. sp.
Apterous form: Moderately large, grayish black, clothed with short grayish-brown pile and numerous long dark hairs. Body beneath and sides with a bluish luster. The narrow margin of connexiva, a spot on last tergite, a rectangular spot on last venter, and genital segments jet-black and somewhat shiny. Pronotum short, transverse, not extending back on
Drake and Harris—Rhagovelia (Veliidae : Hemiptera). 37
mesonotum; with a prominent, transverse, yellowish brown spot near the front margin. Mesonotum large, moderately arched, narrowed poster- iorly, subtruncate behind. Head with the usual black spots and line- impressions. Eyes moderately large, dark brown. Antennae moderately long, blackish, the basal two-fifths of first segment flavous, segments I and II with a few long seta-like hairs; proportions, 20: 11 : 11: 10.
Rostrum short, shiny, brownish black, the sides of the basal segment, the second segment and the bucculae brownish. Legs black, the basal half of anterior femora and the front and hind coxae and trochanters flavous to stramineous; intermediate coxae and trochanters black. Margins of acetabula more or less embrowned. ‘Tarsi brownish black, legs clothed with numerous long black hairs and with grayish pile. Abdomen beneath clothed with numerous whitish hairs.
Macropterous form: Pronotum very large, indistinctly carinate down the middle, strongly convex above, distinctly punctate, the punctures con- spicuous on posterior portion; humeri moderately prominent; color similar but the long hairs not as numerous as in apterous form. Hemelytra dark brown, the nervures darker, moderately prominent, clothed with coarse hairs; extending beyond apex of abdomen.
Male.—Hind femora moderately incrassate, only slightly thicker than the intermediate, armed within near the middle with a conspicuous spine and from there to apex with several minute spines in a row. Genital segments moderately hairy (long and short); the clasper short, thicker at base, slightly bent. Intermediate legs, 42 : 29 : 17 : 17.
Female.—Larger than male, connexiva considerably broader, widest near the middle, narrowed toward apex and there clothed with numerous long, brown hairs. Posterior femora with a short spine beyond the middle and a few inconspicuous spines between there and apex.
Length, 3.25-3.55 mm.; width, 1.25-1.75 mm.
Holotype, apterous male, allotype, female, morphotype, winged male, and paratypes, males and females, La Merced, Junin, Peru, November, 1933. This species is most closely allied to R. versuta.
14. Rhagovelia versuta, n. sp.
General aspect very similar to velocis, n. sp., but larger and with the legs entirely black. Antennae, 23: 13:14:14. Body clothed with long hairs, beneath with a bluish luster. Hind tibia with apical spur. Posterior femora of male faintly incrassate, with a prominent, sharp spine near the middle and a row of short spines from there to apex. Intermediate legs, 48 : 35:21:20. Male clasper small, dark brown, curved toward the apex.
Length, 3.65-4.00 mm.; width, 1.60—-1.80 mm.
Holotype, male, and allotype, female, Rio Paucartambo, Quiroz, Peru, Dec. 1933. Paratypes, several specimens taken with types.
On account of the uniformly larger size and the color of the fore femora it seems desirable to treat this form as a distinct species rather than as a variety of R. velocis, n. sp. Four somewhat mutilated females from Pampas Grande, Prov. Salta, Argentina, and-belonging to the Vienna Museum, apparently are referable to this species.
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Vol 48, pp. 39-44 February 6, 1935 PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Le
NEW ARIZONA PLANT NAMES. BY IVAR TIDESTROM.
In view of the proposed issuance in mimeographed form of Keys to the Flora of Arizona, it has seemed desirable to publish separately the new names contained in the manuscript.’
Allium mohavense (Jepson) Tidestrom. Allium fimbriatum mohavense Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 218. 1923.
Abronia wootoni (Standl.) Tidestrom. Tripterocalyx wootont Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 329. 1909.
Epibaterium diversifolium (DC.) Tidestrom. Cocculus diversifolius DC. Reg. Veg. Syst. 1: 523. 1818. Cocculus oblongifolius DC. Reg. Veg. Syst. 1: 529. 1818. Cebatha diversifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 9. 1891. Sophia diffusa (A. Gray) Tidestrom.
Sisymbrium diffusum A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 8. 1852. Halimolobus diffusus O. E. Schulz, Pflanzenr. IV. 105: 288. 1924.
Cleome jonesii (Macbride) Tidestrom. Cleome lutea jonesii Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. 65: 39. 1922.
Petrophytum caespitosum elatius (S. Wats.) Tidestrom.
Spiraea caespitosa elatior S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 81. 1871. Petrophytum elatius Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl. ed. 2. 5. 1900.
Potentilla macdougalii Tidestrom, nom. nov. Potentilla arizonica Rydb. N. Amer. FI. 22: 373. 1908. Not P. arizonica Greene, 1887.
Prunus rufula (Woot. & Standl.) Tidestrom. Padus rufula Woot. & Standl. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 16: 132. 1913.
1 For a number of years Mr. Ivar Tidestrom, formerly of the Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, has been at work on a Flora of Arizona. Arizona is now the only far western State for which no botanical manual is available. At the request of the federal Forest Service, it has been decided to mimeograph the keys of this manuscript, so far as they have been prepared, in order to make them immediately available.
—Frederick V. Coville.
9—Proc. Brox. Soc. WasuH., Vou. 48, 1935. (39)
40 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Acacia shrevei (Britt. & Rose) Tidestrom. Acaciella shrevei Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 105. 1928.
Parosela villosa (Rydb.) Tidestrom. Thornbera villosa Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 242: 118. 1920.
Cracca constricta (S. Wats.) Tidestrom. Tephrosia constricta 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 46. 1889. Sphinctospermum constrictum Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 10: 107. pl.
34. 1906.
Astragalus yuccanus (Jones): Tidestrom. Astragalus lentiginosus yuccanus Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 8: 3. 1898. Cystium yuccanum Rydb. N. Amer. FI. 24: 407. 1929.
Astragalus mollissimus earlei (Greene) Tidestrom.
Astragalus humboldtiit Jones, Rev. Astragal. 232. 1923. Not A. humboldtit A. Gray, 1864. Astragalus earle: Greene; Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 246: 444. 1929.
Astragalus gooddingii (Rydb.) Tidestrom. Hamosa gooddingit Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 54: 20. 1927.
Astragalus amphioxys melanocalyx (Rydb.) Tidestrom.
Xylophacos melanocalyx Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 52: 149. 1925. X ylophacos tidestromit Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 52: 155. 1925.
Astragalus curtilobus Tidestrom, nom. nov.
Astragalus shortianus brachylobus A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 13: 367. 1878. Not A. brachylobus DC. 1825. Xylophacos brachylobus Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 52: 154. 1925.
Astragalus chloridae (Jones) Tidestrom.
Astragalus remulcus chloridae Jones, Rev. Astrag. 210. 1923. Xylophacos chloridae Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 52: 153. 1925.
Astragalus blyae (Rose) Tidestrom. Xylophacos blyae Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 24%: 303. 1929.
Croton mohavensis (Ferguson) Tidestrom. Croton californicus mohavensis Ferguson, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 12: 65. 1901.
Euphorbia chaetocalyx (Boiss.) Tidestrom. Euphorbia fendleri chaetocalyx Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 15?: 39. 1862. Chamaesyce chaetocalyx Woot. & Standl. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 16: 144. 1913.
Euphorbia indivisa (Engelm.) Tidestrom.
Euphorbia dioica indivisa Engelm. in Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 187.
1859. Chamaesyce indivisa Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 387. 1916.
Tidestrom—New Arizona Plant Names. 41
Euphorbia philora (Cockerell) Tidestrom. Euphorbia montana Engelm. in Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 192. 1859. Not HE. montana Raf. 1817. Tithymalus philorus Cockerell, Muhlenbergia 4: 56. 1908.
Euphorbia yaquiana Tidestrom, nom. nov. Euphorbia mollis Engelm. in Patterson, Check-list 114. 1887. Not £.
mollis Gmelin, 1806. Euphorbia schizoloba mollis Norton, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 11: 127. 1899.
Sphaeralcea scoparia (L’ Hér.) Tidestrom.
Malva scoparia L’ Hér. Stirp. Nov. Pl. 27. 1784. Malvastrum scoparium A. Gray, U. 8. Expl. Exped. 15: 147. 1854, in text.
Oenothera simplex (Small) Tidestrom. Oenothera ambigua S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 293. 1879. Not Spreng.
1825. Anogra simplex Small, Bull. Torrey Club 23: 175. 1896.
Oenothera runcinata (Engelm.) Tidestrom.
Oenothera albicaulis runcinata Engelm. Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 34: 334. 1862. Anogra runcinata Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 151. 1913.
Oenothera neomexicana (Small) Tidestrom. Anogra neomexicana Small, Bull. Torrey Club 23: 176. 1896.
Oenothera taraxacoides (Woot. & Standl.) Tidestrom.
Lavauzia taraxacoides Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 155. 1913. Oenothera toumeyi (Small) Tidestrom.
Galpinsia toumeyi Small, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 317. 1898.
Oenothera veitchiana (Hook.) Tidestrom.
Oenothera graciliflora Torr. U. 8. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 87. 1857. Not O. graciliflora Hook. & Arn. 1840.
Oenothera bistorta veitchiana Hook. in Curtis’ Bot. Mag. 84: pl. 5078. 1858.
Sphaerostigma veitchiana Small, Bull. Torrey Club 23: 191. 1896.
Oenothera phlebophylla Tidestrom, nom. nov.
Chylismia venosa Nels. & Kennedy, Muhlenbergia 3: 140. 1908. Not Oenothera venosa Shull & Bartlett, Amer. Journ. Bot. 1: 241. pl. 19. f. 2. 1914. Oenothera watsoni Tidestrom, nom. nov. Oenothera brevipes parviflora S. Wats.; Parry, Amer. Nat. 9: 271. 1875. Not O. parviflora L. 1759. Chylismia parviflora Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mount. 603. 1917.
Cymopterus multinervatus (Coult. & Rose) Tidestrom. Cymopterus purpurascens Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 687. 1895. Not C. montanus purpurascens A. Gray, 1860. Phellopterus multinervatus Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 7: 169. 1900.
42 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Cymopterus macdougali (Coult. & Rose) Tidestrom. Aletes (?) macdougali Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 107. 1900. Oreoxis macdougali Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 68. 1913. Cymopterus ligusticoides puniceus Tidestrom, nom. nov.
Pseudocymopterus montanus purpureus Coult. & Rose, Rev. Umbell. 75. 1888. Pseudocymopterus purpureus Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 147. 1906. Not Cymopterus purpureus 8. Wats. 1873. Cymopterus ligusticoides purpureus Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 12: 29. 1908. Cymopterus tenuifolius (A. Gray) Tidestrom. Thaspium montanum tenutfolium A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 65. 1853. Pseudocymopterus tenuifolius Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 147. 1906. Cymopterus ligusticoides tenuifolius Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 12: 29. 1908. Centaurium calycosum arizonicum (A. Gray) Tidestrom. Erythraea calycosa arizonica A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2!: 113. 1878. Centaurium arizonicum Heller, Muhlenbergia 4: 86. 1908. Asclepias emoryi (Greene) Tidestrom. Podostemma emoryi Greene, Pittonia 3: 237. 1897.
Welwitschia filifolia diffusa (A. Gray) Tidestrom. Gilia filifolia diffusa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 272. 1870.
Leptodactylon floribundum (A. Gray) Tidestrom.
Gilia floribunda A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 267. 1870. Leptodactylon nuttalliz floribundum Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 808. 1925.
Leptodactylon pungens squarrosum (A. Gray) Tidestrom.
Gilia pungens squarrosa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 268. 1870. Leptodactylon patens Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 146. 1906.
Nyctelea membranacea (Benth.) Tidestrom. Ellisia membranacea Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 274. 1837.
Nyctelea torreyi (A. Gray) Tidestrom.
Phacelia micrantha bipinnatifida Torr. in Ives, Rep. Colo. River. 21. 1860. Ellisia torreyz A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 302. 1865. Macrocalyx bipinnatifidus Coville, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 4: 157. 1893.
Heliotropium curassavicum oculatum (Heller) I. M. Johnston. Heliotropium oculatum Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 58. 1904.
Cryptantha jamesii setosa (Jones) I. M. Johnston.
Krynitzkia multicaulis setosa Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 13: 4. 1910. Hemisphaerocarya suffruticosa setosa Brand in Fedde, Repert. 24: 60. 1927.
Lippia incisa (Small) Tidestrom. Phyla incisa Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 1012. 1903.
Tidestrom—New Arizona Plant Names. 43
Antirrhinum flaviflorum dentatum ‘Tidestrom, nom. nov.
Maurandia acerifolia Pennell, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 19: 69. 1929. The leaves of this species are deeply toothed, scarcely lobed; their resemblance to maple leaves is rather remote.
Agalinis wrightii (A. Gray) Tidestrom. Gerardia wrightit A. Gray in Torr. U. 8S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 118. 1859.
Megarrhiza macrocarpa (Greene) Tidestrom.
Echinocystis macrocarpa Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 188. 1885. Micrampelis macrocarpa Greene, Pittonia 2: 129. 1890. Marah macrocarpus Dunn, Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1913: 152. 1913.
In 1862 Naudin (Annales des Sciences Naturelles, ser. 4. 16: 188) dis- cussed the nomen nudum, Megarrhiza californica Torr. (U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 6: 14. 1857; 7: 11. 1857), and placed it as a synonym of his own species, Echinocystis fabacea. At first sight this would seem to justify Greene’s action (Leaflets 2: 35-36. 1910) in rejecting the generic name Megarrhiza and adopting in lieu thereof Marah Kellogg (1863). Naudin, however, has clearly indicated the type of Megarrhiza Torr. & Gray and has stated the characters by which it differs from the species of Echinocystis of eastern United States. This characterization has impelled the writer to take up the name given by Torrey in 1857, and defined by Naudin in 1862. The genus Megarrhiza has been carefully defined by Sereno Watson in Proceedings of the American Academy (11: 138. 1876) and in the Botany of California (1: 240. 1876).
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Vol. 48, pp. 45-48 February 6, 1935 PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON’
IN
; 7
| Al ‘
' " ® ™
A NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF DICTYNIDAE (ARANEAE).
BY 8. C. BISHOP anp C. R. CROSBY.
The spider family Dictynidae has two series of genera, the one represented by Amaurobius and the other by Dictyna, the transition being found in Lathys, Scotolathys and Derade. Both series are well represented in America. In the Amaurobius series, however, there is a group of species in eastern North America which, because of their close relationship to each other and peculiar structural features, form a compact group that should be separated from the more typical species.
Callioplus, new genus.
Type, Amaurobius hoplites Bishop and Crosby.
Closely related to Amaurobius, from which it is distinguished by the remarkable development of the tibial apophysis of the male palpus and by the form of the epigynum. The cribellum may be entire or partially divided. For the characters of the palpus and the epigynum see the description of the type species. (Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 41 : 171, pl. 21, fig. 12-14, 1926).
In chia genus we also place the following: Amaurobius ibicton Em., A. hoplomachus B. and C., A. armipotens B. and C., and the two ellgeane new species.
Callioplus euoplus, n. sp. Figs. 1-3.
Male.—Length, 5 mm. Our single male specimen is somewhat teneral. The cephalothorax is dull yellowish, with darker radiating lines. Anterior eyes in a slightly procurved line, the median much smaller than the lateral, separated by the diameter and a little farther from the lateral. Posterior eyes in a straight line, the median a little smaller than the lateral, separated by three times the radius and a little farther from the lateral. Clypeus as wide as the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
10—Proc. Bion. Soc. WasH., Vou. 48, 1935. (45)
46 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Sternum yellowish, sutfused with dusky. Labium and endites dusky orange-yellow, lighter distally. Legs generally yellowish, lightly suffused with dusky; femora dark at base below. Chelicerae yellow-orange; lower margin of the furrow armed with three small teeth.
Abdomen above dusky, marked with a double row of pale spots decreas- ing in size posteriorly. Cribellum divided.
Tibia of palpus hollowed out and produced dorsally into three long processes of which the one lying closest to the cymbium is the longest; it is broad, thin, folded toward the tip and provided with a broad rounded lobe laterally near the middle. The middle process is much shorter than the others, thin, flat, and pointed at tip. The third process is broad at base, narrowed near the middle where it makes a right-angled bend; the tip is broad, flat, bluntly pointed and lies across the first process. The distal lateral angle of the tibia is strongly produced and widened distally, the inner angle lying under the edge of the cymbium. Between the dorsal and lateral processes there is a small, dark, triangular tooth.
Female.—Length, 4.5-5.5 mm. The females are more maturely colored. The head is lighter than the rest of the cephalothorax; the epigynum has the lateral lobes broadly approximate in a straight line, in front of which there is a large, transversely oval, opening.
This species is more closely related to C. t2bialis than to the other species of the genus.
Holotype, male, allotype, female, Molunkus Pond, Me., Aug. 25, 1925.
Maine: Presque Isle, Aug. 26, 1925, 1 9; Sebasticook Lake, Aug. 24, 1925, 29.
Quebec: Ile d’Alma, Lac St. Jean, July 28, 1934, 1 9; Bagotville, July 26, 1934, 2 9.
Callioplus pantoplus, n. sp. Figs. 4-6.
Male.—Length, 4 mm. Cephalothorax dusky orange, smooth and shining. Anterior eyes in a slightly procurved line, the median smaller than the lateral, separated by the diameter and from the lateral by three times the radius. Posterior eyes in a nearly straight line, equal, the median separated by a little less than the diameter and from the lateral by a little more than the diameter. Width of clypeus a little less than the diameter of an anterior lateral eye.
Sternum yellowish orange, lightly suffused with dusky, darker at the margin. Labium and endites dusky orange, lighter distally. Legs grayish orange. Chelicerae brown, lower margin of the furrow armed with four small teeth on one side and five on the other. Abdomen gray with a double row of small pale spots. Cribellium with a faint indication of division posteriorly.
Tibia of palpus hollowed out and produced dorsally into a very long, slender, curved, sickle-shaped process, the tip flattened and marked by transverse ridges. This process is armed on the lateral side with a long, slender, incurved tooth much as in hoplites and hoplomachus but much
Bishop and Crosby—Dictynidae (Araneae). 47
longer and more slender. The distal lateral angle broadly produced and hooked as in hoplites, the dorsal triangular process almost as in that species.
Female.—Length, 3.5 mm. Similar to the male in form and color but average smaller. The epigynum has the lateral lobes rounded behind, more pointed than in hoplites. The lobes are narrowly separated and the opening in front is elongate oval.
Holotype male, allotype female, Laurel Creek, Sevier Co., Tenn., Oct. 8, 1926. 2 @ and 2 @ paratypes from the same lot.
Tennessee: Mill Creek, below the falls, Mt. Leconte, Oct. 10, 1926. Pe .9.
48 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Y Vice
1. Callioplus euoplus &, right palpus, dorsal view. 2. Callioplus euoplus o, right palpus, mesal view. 3. Callioplus euoplus 2, epigynum.
Fia. 4. Callioplus pantoplus o, right palpus, dorsal view. 5. Callioplus pantoplus o, right palpus, mesal view. 6. Callioplus pantoplus 2, epigynum.
Vol. 48, pp. 49-52 May 3, 1935
PROCEEDINGS 9 2aiqisiillit agp
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTIONS OF SIX NEW SPECIES OF CRABS FROM THE PACIFIC COAST OF AMERICA.
BY MARY J. RATHBUN.!
The material here described was collected by Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt in 1926 under the Walter Rathbone Bacon fund, with one exception, that of a fiddler crab obtained by Dr. Elisabeth Deichmann.
FAMILY XANTHIDAE. Daira ecuadorensis, sp. nov.
Type.—Male, U.S. National Museum Cat. No. 70828, Salinas, Ecuador.
Posterior third of carapace nearly smooth; remainder covered with large tubercles not ball-shaped as in americana and perlata, but furnished with a blunt transverse ridge. Tubercles arranged in irregularly transverse rows (5 in the middle lines) and 8 longitudinal rows. Mesogastric region reaches only to anterior third of carapace. Antero-lateral margin with about 10 small, irregular, pointed teeth. Posterior carapace bounded anteriorly by a broken ridge; above the hind margin a sharp rim divided at middle by a narrow gap. Inner pair of frontal teeth with a marginal arch and divided by a narrow gap. Chelipeds tuberculate above, smooth below; 4 rows on manus of 4 or 5 tubercles each. Fingers black, sharply ridged, color continued slightly on manus with an oblique line. Length of carapace 5.5, width 8 mm.
FamILy GONEPLACIDAE. Cyrtoplax schmitti, sp. nov.
Type.—Male, U.S. National Museum Cat. No. 70829, Salinas, Ecuador.
The Pacific counterpart of C. spinidentata. Margin of frontal lobes more arcuate. Antero-lateral teeth less prominent; first tooth very slightly convex, not divided into 2 lobes; next tooth posteriorly rounded and separated from the first by a small triangular gap; third tooth subquadri- lateral, well separated from second and having a sharp angle directed
1 Published with the permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
11—Proc. Bion. Soc. WasaH., Vou. 48, 1935. (49)
OO: |); Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
forward; outer line longitudinal, posterior angle rounded and followed by a small triangular incision and pointed tooth. Chelipeds very unequal. One spine on merus, one on carpus; palm of major chela nearly as high as its middle length, lower margin convex, upper margin subacute and ob- scurely granulate. Fingers narrowly gaping; fixed finger broad at base and flat, curving downward except at extremity where it is upturned and crosses tip of dactylus; dactylus narrow, gradually tapering, armed with low teeth, the proximal tooth larger. Third abdominal segment nearly reaching margin of sternum. Surface of body and ambulatories covered with setae, with scattered hairs on margins-of legs. Length of carapace 15.4, width 22 mm.
FAMILY PINNOTHERIDAE. Pinnixa paitensis, sp. nov.
Type.—Female immature, U. 8. National Museum Cat. No. 70830, Paita, Peru.
Near P. transversalis. Carapace twice as wide as long, widest behind middle, lateral angle sloping downward; ridge across cardiac region blunt, obscure; in front of it a depression, and behind a convex slope the width of carapace. Surface smooth, faintly punctate. Rostrum with a deep median groove forming two arched and truncate teeth. An elongate propodus on outer maxilliped. Chelipeds short and stout, chelae and adjacent carpus hairy, obscuring fine rough granules on outer and upper surface of palm. Palm swollen, height equal to superior length; fingers stout, not gaping, fixed finger triangular, its lower margin horizontal. First leg as long as cheliped, slender; merus concave above, convex below, last 3 articles of subequal length, dactylus very slender, reaching end of propodus of second leg. This leg is wider, including dactylus, which is shorter and straight below and slightly arched above, reaching middle of propodus of third leg. Third very stout, merus twice as long as wide, rough below, carpus and propodus subequal in length above, dactylus triangular except for slender tip. Fourth leg similar but smaller, reaching end of merus of third leg, dactylus similar in shape to the preceding. Last 3 legs densely hairy below, especially the third and fourth. Length of carapace 3, width 6.2 mm.
FAMILy OCYPODIDAE. Uca guayaquilensis, sp. nov.
Type.—Male, U. 8. National Museum Cat. No. 70831, Salada, Guaya- quil, Ecuador, in mangrove swamp.
Near U. coloradensis. Carapace shorter and broader; front narrower, at its widest much narrower than orbital margin; supraorbital surface narrower and less triangular. Anterior part of side margins straight or nearly so. Large chela of male similar to that of coloradensis; palm sub- triangular, less abruptly turned inward above; granulation of outer surface less fine, a row of coarse granules parallel to groove at distal end and near by a small group of similar granules; on the inner surface the angle formed by the lines of tubercles is very prominent; fingers slender. Abdomen narrower than in U.c. Length of carapace 9.1, width 14.38 mm.
Rathbun—Sixz New Species of Crabs from the Pacific Coast. 51
Uca deichmanni, sp. nov.
Type.—Male, U. 8. National Museum Cat. No. 70832, shore of Panama, low tide, rocks, May-July, 1924. - Near U. stenodactylus. Rostrum narrower, also the supraorbital surface. Upper part of outer surface of manus eroded in short, transverse grooves, the granules inserted chiefly on the intervening ridges. Palm broader in proximal half and lower margin more rounded than in U. s.; fingers less slender and shorter; fixed finger shorter than dactylus and tapering slightly at tip. Length of carapace 7.9, width 12 mm.
Uca inaequalis, sp. nov.
Type.—Male, U. 8. National Museum Cat. No. 70833, Salada, Guaya- quil, Ecuador.
A small species, distinguished by its uneven carapace, which has 8 small elevations in 2 transverse rows of 4 each; they are accentuated by a covering of fine short hairs. A similar, although less evident elevation on each protogastric region. Carapace greatly narrowed behind; antero-lateral margin straight near orbit but soon turns abruptly inward. Chelipeds strikingly unequal; the minor one is shorter and thinner than any of the ambulatories; the major one stout, chela short; dactylus no longer than middle line of manus. Fixed finger triangular, with a tooth on distal half, a similar tooth a little further inward on dactyl; both fingers are hairy on inner surface from base up to tooth, and are longitudinally grooved outside and in. Inside of manus there is a blunt row of granules running obliquely upward and backward. Minor cheliped less than half as long as major and equally narrow throughout; fingers longer than palm and tips spooned. Length of carapace 8, width 11.2 mm.
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Vol. 48, pp. 53-54 May 3, 1935 PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
aA Ce) ik KS ri TWO NEW FORMS OF BIRDS FROM sous aASTERN i
SIAM.’ if i ex vif f “ iy H BY J: > REMY, \ | XZ United States National Museum. Ww 7.
{Oo yak te WJ we)
PITA Ee
Further work upon the birds collected by Dr. ae M. Smith in Siam has revealed the two following forms, herewith described. The first is a woodpecker and the second a broad- bill, both birds of rather wide distribution.
Cirropicus chlorolophus conjunctus, subsp. nov.
Type.—Adult male, U. 8. National Museum, no. 333744, Kao Sabab, southeastern Siam, October 28, 1933. Collected by Hugh M. Smith (original no. 6561).
Similar to Cirropicus chlorolophus chlorolophoides (Gyldenstolpe) of northern Siam, but lighter above and below; the nuchal crest averaging a lighter yellow; averaging smaller, especially the bill. Wing 132; tail 85.5; culmen 26.5.
Remarks.—This form is founded on twelve specimens from eastern and southeastern Siam. They have been compared with ten males and twelve females from northern Siam and while the differences are not great, they are fairly constant. There is some overlapping in the measurements, but it is to be expected in closely related forms.
Six males of C. c. conjunctus measure: wing 127.5-137.5 (132.4); tail 80-90.5 (86.4); culmen 24.5-26.5 (25.7).
Ten males of C. c. chlorolophoides measure: wing 131.5-142 (135.8); tail 85-96 (89.9); culmen 24.5-30.5 (27.8).
Two males of Cirropicus chlorolophus krempfi (Delacour and Jabouille) from Trang Bom, Cochinchina, are similar to C. c. conjunctus, but the wings are somewht smaller and the lower parts are darker. They measure: wing 126-129; tail 85-90; culmen 24.5-26.
The specimens of C. c. conjunctus, collected by Dr. Smith, are from the following localities: Lat Bua Kao; Pang Sok; Sak Keo, near Krabin; Nong Khor, near Sriracha; Huey Yang, Sriracha; Kao Seming, Krat; and Kao Sabab.
1 Published with the Permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
12—Proc. Biot. Soc. WasuH., VoL. 48, 1935. (53)
54. ~~ Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Psarisomus dalhousiae cyanicauda, subsp. nov.
Type.—Adult male, U. 8. National Museum, no. 333786, Kao Sabab, southeastern Siam, November 9, 1933. Collected by Hugh M. Smith (original number 6704).
Similar to Psarisomus dalhousiae dalhousiae from northern and western Siam, but darker, less yellowish green above; below the green has a bluish cast; tail darker, near Paris blue insteadif Italian blue; the green edges to the outer webs of the outer tail-feathers reduced and confined to two or three feathers. Wing 97.5; tail 122.5; culmen 18.5.
Remarks.—In his two visits to Kao Sabab Dr. Smith secured five males and four females. This series has been compared with a series of nine males and four females from the northern part of its range (northern, central, and western Siam, and eastern Burma). There seems to be little difference in size between the two series. A male and female from Dran, southern Annam, is closer to this form than the northern bird and may provisionally be placed here.
PROCEEDINGS BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON jjj5— (2 hy i \ | Play SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF BESL Neuse UN ECUADOR." ——
BY C. V. MORTON
The following key may prove of assistance in identifying material of Besleria (Gesneriaceae) from Ecuador. In the extensive collections at hand I have noted three new species, which are described in this paper. Through the courtesy of the directors I have been able to examine numerous specimens from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and the New York Botanical Garden.’
KEY TO SPECIES.
Corolla spurred at the base (subg. Gasteranthus).
Flowers solitary in the leaf axis... 1. B. pansamalana var. ecuadorensis Flowers borne in pedunculate umbels. Stems and leaves hirsute beneath; sepals toothed....___.2. B. quitensis
Stems and leaves appressed-pubescent. Ovary pubescent; disk annular, somewhat enlarged posteriorly.
Corolla glabrous; sepals not glandular... 3. B. Oncogastra
Corolla pilose; sepals glandular-pubescent..........-__._.. 4. B. timida Ovary glabrous; disk reduced to a bilobed posterior gland;
corolla sparsely pilosulous) 2.05 2.0 de 5. B. calceolus
Corolla not spurred. Calyx lobes united to above the middle (Subg. Hubesleria). Flowers in pedunculate umbels.___...........-... 6. B. divaricata Calyx lobes free or united merely at base. Common peduncle present. Calyx lobes acuminate, conspicuously toothed; leaves
SUCUMRU LIEN ee ene kee Uae 7. B. rupestris Calyx lobes broad and obtuse, obsoletely toothed; leaves P10) AUT, een to NL LE Sey BS bs ee ee 8. B. corallinoides
1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 2 These institutions are abbreviated in the text, K and Y, respectively. The U. S. National Herbarium is indicated by W.
13—Proc. Bion. Soc. WasH., Vou. 48, 1935. (55)
56 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Common peduncle absent, the pedicels aggregate in the leaf en 0191/0 AAA ies Nbeaeaee eme dal ry Aude Urea ae ly ath hg 9. B. modica Dubious species. ie Vs Ark TN A Ree a ye Sas es 10. B. Sodiroana
1. Besleria pansamalana var. ecuadorensis Fritsch, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 11: 975. 1934. .
The typical form of B. pansamalana Donn. Smith is confined to distant Guatemala. The occurrence of a variety in Ecuador was hardly to be anticipated, yet from the material at hand it is difficult to find any satis- factory marks of distinction which may be considered of specific importance.
The type of this variety was collected “‘In silvis subandinis prope Niebly (Sodiro n. 119/50).”’ The following additional specimens, all from the Province of Pichincha, have been seen:
Ecuapor: Corazé6n, André K 1494 (K); Chimborazo, André 751 (K);. Mindo, André 3814 (K).
The specimen last cited bears the field note “flowers scarlet.”
2. Besleria quitensis (Benth.) Hanst. Linnaea 34 : 334. 1865. Gasteranthus quitensis Benth. Plant. Hartw. 233. 1846.
Fritsch 3 discusses B. quitensis and compares it with B. Oncogastra. It seems to me, however, to be nearer B. Sodiroana Fritsch; in fact, from description I am unable to separate the two, satisfactorily. B. quitensis is known also from southern Colombia.
The type was collected ‘In declivitate occidentali Andium Quitensium versus Nanegal,’’ Ecuador, by Hartweg (s. n.). The following specimens of this species have been examined: San Pablo, André K 1487 (KX); Mindo, André K 1489 (K); San Florencio, André K 1493 (K, Y).
The last specimen gives the flower color as ‘‘aurantiaca.”’
3. Besleria Oncogastra Hanst. Linnaea 34 : 335. 1865.
The present species appears to be fairly common in Ecuador. Hanstein’s citation of the original specimens is as follows: ‘Quito ? Huayaquil: Ruiz desc. n. 265; Warszewicz ?’”’ I have seen the following material:
Ecuapor: Rio de Santa Rosa, André 4270 (K); Ayabamba, André K1495 (K, Y); Tambo Grande, André 4278 (K, Y); Chacayacu, alt. 300-600 meters, Lehmann 6462 (W). Between Santa Rosa and La Chorita, Prov. Oro, Hitchcock 21121 (Y, W).
4. Besleria timida Morton, sp. nov.
Subg. Gasteranthus. Caules graciles, superne strigillosi, inferne glabri, evidenter angulati, ca. 3 mm. diametro; lamina foliorum elliptico-lanceo- lata, maxima 9 em. longa et 3 cm. lata, membranacea, apice acuminata, basi longe attenuata, in petiolum decurrens, vix denticulata, supra glabra, imprimis in nervis strigillosa, nervis secundariis 6 vel 7; petiolus strigillosus, usque ad 3 cm. longus; pedunculus communis crassus, usque ad 6 cm. longus, glaber; pedicelli simpliciter umbellati, glabri, breves, ca. 4 mm. longi; lobi calycis fere liberi, ca. 3.5 mm. longi, ovati, apice rotundati, paullulum mucronati, dense glanduloso-pubescentes, margine erosi, ciliati; corolla aurantiaca, ca. 16 mm. longa, evidenter pilosa, pronata, basi calcarata
3 Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 11: 974. 1934.
Morton—Synopsis of Besleria in Ecuador. 57
(ca. 2 mm.), sursum abrupte ventricosa et ca. 1 cm. lata, fauce sursum spectante, ca. 6 mm. lata, lobis minutis, ca. 1 mm. longis; filamenta brevia; antherae parvae, connatae, loculis confluentibus; ovarium dense puberu- lum; discus annularis, pubescens, postice crassior.
‘Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected at Coraz6n (?), Province of Pichincha, Ecuador, June 20, 1876, by E. André (no. K1497). An additional Ecuador specimen in the Kew Herbarium is André 4876, collected at Balsapamba, Prov. Bolivar, July 11, 1876.
This is a very delicate and beautiful little plant, perhaps most nearly related to B. calceolus Fritsch, a species known to me from description only. That, however, has the corollas only sparsely pilosulous (rather than long-pilose), the ovary glabrous instead of conspicuously puberulous, and the disk reduced to a bilobed posterior gland. In B. t#mida the disk is annular and merely thickened a little posteriorly. The leaves of B. cal- ceolus are considerably larger than those of B. tamida.
5. Besleria calceolus Fritsch, in Repert. Nov. Sp. Fedde 18:12. 1922. I have seen no material. The type was collected near Canelos, Ecuador, by Spruce (no. 5069).
6. Besleria divaricata Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. 3 : 2. 1845.
I have studied the following collections:
Ecuapor: Boqueron (?), André K1483 (Y); without locality André 4617 (Y), K1498 (K).
These specimens agree fairly well with the description of B. divaricata, founded on a plant collected by Poeppig near Cuchero, Peru. The species appears to be more properly placed in Hubeslerza than Pseudobesleria, as has been usual in the past.
7. Besleria rupestris Morton, sp. nov.
Subg. Parabesleria. Frutex 0.6-0.9 m. altus; caules teretes, superne lanati, inferne glabrescentes, ca. 5 mm. diametro; lamina foliorum oblique ovato-lanceolata vel lanceolata, maxima ca. 21 cm. longa et 7 cm. lata, crenata vel crenato-serrata, apice acuminata, basi cuneata vel paullulum rotundata, supra glabra, subtus imprimis in venis puberulenta, nervis secundariis 9-12; petiolus brevis, usque ad 1 cm. longus, pubescens; pedun- culus communis gracilis, usque ad 6.5 cm. longus, sparse pilosus, pedicellos graciles corymbosos usque ad 6 mm. longos glabros gerens; lobi calycis liberi, ovato-lanceolati, 6-8 mm. longi, sparse pilosi, acuminati, spinuloso- denticulati; corolla viridi-alba, ecalcarata, anguste tubulosa, ca. 22 mm. longa, non ventricosa, sparse pilosa, lobis fortasse paullulum inaequalibus; filamenta corolla multo breviora; antherae connatae; ovarium pilosum; discus annularis, crassus.
Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,196,535, collected between Bafios and Cashurco, Valley of Pastaza River, Province of Tungurahua, Ecuador, altitude 1300-1800 meters, Sept. 25, 1923, by A. 8. Hitchcock (no. 21820). The species is also found in Peru, as evidenced by the follow- ing collection: Enefias, Pichis Trail, Dept. of Junin, alt. 1600-1900 meters, Killip & Smith 25759 (W).
A most distinct species by reason of its peculiarly long and narrow, sparsely pilose corollas, spinulose-denticulate, acuminate calyx lobes, and pilose ovary. The single corolla of our specimens is not well preserved and does not show the lobes very distinctly.
58 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
8. Besleria corallinoides Fritsch, in Repert. Nov. Sp. Fedde 18 : 11. 1922.
I have seen no material of this species. The following data are given for the type collection, from the Province of Pichincha, Ecuador: ‘In regione tropica secus fluvium Pilaton, 800 m. (Sodiro no. 119/55—Okt. 1882).”’
9. Besleria modica Morton, sp. nov.
Subg. Parabesleria. Frutex erectus ca. 0.9 m. altus; caules angulati, dense strigosi; lamina foliorum elliptica, maxima 10 cm. longa et 4.5 em. lata, apice acuta, basi anguste cuneata, integra, margine revoluta, ciliata, supra glabrata, subtus imprimis in venis strigillosa, nervis secundariis ca. 5; petiolus strigosus, usque ad 4 cm. longus; pedunculus communis nullus; pedicelli in axillis foliorum numerosi, ca. 1 cm. longi, dense strigillosi, angulati; lobi calycis basi connati, ovales, ca. 4 mm. longi, rotundati, venosi, parce strigillosi, nervo mediano sursum incrassato; corolla rubella, erecta, ecalcarata, basi vix gibbosa, tubo inflato, 9-10 mm. longo, ca. 5 mm. lato, fauce contracto, pilis sparsis inconspicuis instructo, lobis erectis, ca. 2 mm. longis, aequalibus, obtusis; filamenta glabra; antherae parvae, liberae vel connatae; ovarium puberulum; stylus puberulus; discus annularis, glaber, integer; bacca parva, pubescens, stylo persistente coronata.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,196,234, collected at gold mine near Zaruma, between La Chorita and Portovelo, Province of Oro, Keuador, altitude 1000-2000 meters, Aug. 28, 1923, by A. S. Hitchcock (no. 21201).
The present species is known only from the type specimen. It appears to be related to B. densiflora Fritsch, of Peru, but that has a glabrous ovary and much larger leaves.
10. Besleria Sodiroana Fritsch, in Repert. Nov. Sp. Fedde 18 : 12. 1922.
I have seen no material of this species, which may not be distinct from B. quitensis (Benth.) Hanst. The type was collected by Sodiro (no. 119/53) in the subtropical region near San Florencio, Ecuador, at an altitude of 1600 meters.
Vol. 48, pp. 59-60 May 3, 1935 PROCEEDINGS
OF THE a
ns ny, tak li) BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.
AN INTRODUCED ANOBIID BEETLE DESTRUCTIVE TO HOUSES IN THE SOUTHERN STATES.
BY THOS. E. SNYDER,
Sentor Entomologist,! Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States Department of Agriculture.
A European anobiid Beetle, Nicobewm hirtum Illiger, generally almost unknown in this country, although long established in the Gulf States, has recently been shown to be the cause of numerous reports of serious injury to woodwork in houses. This beetle, whose range now extends northward to South Carolina and Virginia, is most commonly found damaging old, well- seasoned furniture, although also attacking the yellow pine woodwork of buildings. It was listed by Leconte in 1865? as present in this country and a specimen is in the U.S. National Museum that was taken at Lake Ashby, Florida, by Hubbard and Schwarz in June, 1875 or 1876, as recorded by Schwarz in
1878.°
Its work is sometimes mistaken for that of dry-wood termites, as it burrows similarly in dry wood, from which fall pellets of the excreted wood (Fig. 1). These pellets are quite different from the bun-shaped pellets (Fig. 2) of the European ‘Death Watch Beetle” (Xestobium rufovillosum Deg.), which is a pest of woodwork in New England and in the Central Western States.
Adults of Nicobium hirtum (Fig. 4) were reared from June 2 to 20, 1932 at Washington, D. C., from a badly honeycombed piece of wood, a portion of a Duncan Phyfe piece of furniture from Charleston, 8. C., dating back to 1800 or 1830. The adults are typical anobiid beetles, subcylindrical,
1 The photographs are by J. G. Pratt, the drawing of the adult (Fig. 3) by Harry Brad- ford, and the drawing of the larva (Fig. 6) by Dr. A. Béving.
2 Leconte, J. L. Prodromus of a monograph of the species of the tribe Anobiini, of the family Ptinidae, inhabiting North America. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. Proc., 1865, pp.
222-244. 3 Schwarz, E. A. Coleoptera of Florida. Amer. Philos. Soc. Proc. 17:353-469. 1878.
14—Proc. Brox. Soc. Wasx., VoL. 48, 1935. (59)
60 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
twice as long as wide, averaging about 4 mm. in length; the upper surface is of a mottled brown color, and is furnished with long, erect hairs. On the elytra are a series of distinctly impressed, longitudinal striae, marked with coarse, closely set punctures, and the pronotum is sparsely covered with small, shining black granules.
Nine eggs were dissected from one of the females to learn their appearance and thus facilitate the search for them, and afterwards some were found inside of the exit burrows. They had been deposited singly or in pairs on pellets of excrement or in the finer, fluffy frass not compressed into pellet form (Fig. 6). The eggs are about 0.625 mm: in length and about 0.42 mm. in diameter, with a pitted, reticulate, or honeycombed sculpturing as shown in the photograph. The eggs evidently require from 10 days to 2 weeks to hatch. Some infertile eggs were found in August.
The eggs were deposited in wood so disintegrated that it could be crumbled between the fingers (Fig. 3) and in consequence the active, legged larvae (Fig. 5) must do considerable free crawling or else plug up the old burrows which their own burrows intersect. ‘The larvae have very long hairs and horizontal rows of yellow-brown spinules curving backward on the tergites. These spinules are thickest at the base. The spiracles are cribriform. On June 28, newly emerged larvae and some that were slightly larger were found, and on July 16 and August 2, additional freshly emerged larvae were observed. The pupal cell (Fig. 7) is constructed by the larvae of pellets of excrement cemented together, and these pellets on the interior surface of the cell are gnawed off to obtain a smooth surface.
Damage to the woodwork of houses was found in September, 1934, at New Orleans, La., and at Palatka, Fla., where the beetles in both cases were mining in yellow pine timbers.
Puate I1I.—The Biology of Nicobium hirtum Il.
Figure 1. — Pellets of excreted wood made by Nicobiwm hirtum Il. (Enlarged 10 times.)
Figure 2. — Bun-shaped pellets of excrement of the European Death Watch Beetle (Xestobrwm rufovillosum Deg.) (Enlarged 10 times.)
Figure 3. — Wood honeycombed by Nicobium hirtum Ul., showing exit holes of adult beetles. (One-half natural size.)
Figure 4. — Adult of Nicobium hirtum IIL. (Enlarged approximately 15 times.)
Figure 5. — Larva of Nicobiwm hirtum Ill. (Enlarged approximately 15 times.)
Figure 6. — The egg of Nicobiwm hirtum Ill. Note the soft frass nearby. (Enlarged 14 times.)
Figure 7. — Pupal cells of Nicobtwm hirtum Ill. made of pellets of execreted wood cemented together. (Enlarged 31% times.)
Proc. Bioxu. Soc. Wass., Vou. 48.
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Vol. 48, pp. 61-62 May 3, 1935 PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
TWO NEW BIRDS FROM THE SOUTHERN ) APPALACHIANS. \\ trad BY THOMAS D. BURLEIGH. S4?rq,
In working over a collection of breeding birds from the southern Appalachians, taken by the writer during the past five years while engaged in field work in that region, two un- recognized races were found. These are distinct enough to warrant subspecific recognition and are described below:
Nannus hiemalis pullus, subsp. nov. SOUTHERN WINTER WREN.
Characters.—Similar to Nannus hiemalis hiemalis, but decidedly darker and less rufescent above, the underparts lighter brown, with the vermicula- tion of the abdomen and flanks heavier; wing longer; bill smaller and more slender.
Measurements.—Type (adult male): Wing, 49 mm.; tail, 29.5; exposed culmen, 10.5. Average of four adult males from western North Carolina: Wing, 48.8 mm.; tail, 30; exposed culmen, 10.8. Average of four adult females from western North Carolina: Wing, 46.5 mm.; tail, 28.4; exposed culmen, 10.7.
Type.—Adult male, No. 301275, United States National Museum, Biological Survey collection; Mount Mitchell, North Carolina, altitude, 6,500 feet, July 11, 1931; Thomas D. Burleigh, original number, 1,571.
Distribution.—Breeds in the Canadian Zone of the southern Appalachians from western North Carolina (probably Virginia), to northern Georgia, ! occurring in winter at a lower altitude in this same region.
Remarks.—This southern race of the winter wren can always be easily recognized in either sex by its distinctly darker upper-parts, a character- istic common to other birds limited in their distribution to this general region. Even in worn breeding plumage this character is at once evident.
1 Auk, vol. 42, 1925, p. 73. 15—Proc. Biou. Soc. WasH., Vou. 48, 1935. (61)
62 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Table of comparative measurements of the two eastern races of Nannus hiemalis:
hiemalis 2 pullus 3 LACT EN ROT De Ee UG EMRE ue ea Na cia 2 47.5 mm. 48.8 mm. Aba cst es Reel te, 2 2 eh eae eee Pe es Os ee 30.0 30.0 Hxposed culiemet 2c 11.4 10.8
Specimens of Nannus hiemalis pullus examined: Total number, 8, from the following localities: North Carolina: Mount Mitchell, 5; Great Smoky Mountains, 2; Rocky Knob, 1.
Certhia familiaris nigrescens, subsp. nov. SOUTHERN CREEPER.
Characters.—Similar to Certhia familiaris americana, but crown and upper half of back distinctly darker, the prevailing color being fuscous black rather than sepia; primaries darker and approaching clove brown; tail more grayish (hair brown); russet of rump darker; underparts grayer.
Measurements.—Type (adult male): Wing, 68.8 mm.; tail, 64; exposed culmen, 13.7. Average of four adult males from western North Carolina: Wing, 66.7 mm.; tail, 62; exposed culmen, 13.6. Average of three adult females from western North Carolina: Wing, 62; tail, 57.1; exposed culmen, 13:6.
Type.—Adult male, No. 301577, United States National Museum, Biological Survey collection; Mount Mitchell, North Carolina, altitude, 6,600 feet, May 8, 1930; Thomas D. Burleigh, original number, 886.
Distribution.—Breeds in the Canadian Zone of the southern Appalachians from Pocahontas County, West Virginia (Cranberry Glades), to the Great Smoky Mountains in western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee; winters at a lower altitude in this same region.
Remarks.—This southern race of the brown creeper is easily distinguished in fresh winter plumage by the lack of brown on the crown and upper half of the back. In worn breeding plumage this character is somewhat obscure, but the color of the tail, hair brown rather than pale brown as in Certhia familiaris americana, is readily diagnostic, as are the darker primaries. Breeding birds taken in June and July are so badly worn that accurate measurements could not be taken, but apparently there is no appreciable difference in size in the two eastern races.
Specimens of Certhia familiaris nigrescens examined: Total number, 13, from the following localities: North Carolina: Mount Mitchell, 3; Great Smoky Mountains, 4; Asheville (Bent Creek), 5. West Virginia: Pocahontas County (Cranberry Glades), 1.
Grateful acknowledgment is made to James L. Peters, Curator of Birds, Museum of Comparative Zoédlogy, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and to Dr. Herbert Friedmann, Curator of Birds, United States National Museum, Washington, D. C., for the loan of specimens used in comparison.
2 6 breeding males from Maine and New Hampshire. 3 4 breeding males from western North Carolina.
Vol. 48, pp. 63-66 May 3, 1935
PROCEEDINGS BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON!!! \ if) :
an,
nd SAL MiIst
GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION IN THE AMERICAN TITLARK.
BY W. E. CLYDE TODD.
At the meeting of the American Ornithologists’ Union in New York in 1925 I presented a brief informal paper under the above title, calling attention to two heretofore unrecognized races of the American Titlark or Pipit, then known (and I still think properly so) as Anthus rubescens. With additional pertinent material now available, the time has come for a formal description of these new forms. I am greatly indebted to Dr. Joseph Grinnell of the University of California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, and to Mr. Jesse D. Figgins of the Colorado Museum of Natural History, for the loan of specimens for comparison.
The western race of this species I propose to call
Anthus rubescens pacificus, subsp. nov. WESTERN PIPIT.
Type, No. 115,833, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult male; Red Pass (6000 feet), British Columbia, June 20, 1934; George M. Sutton. Subspecific characters.—Similar to Anthus rubescens rubescens (Tunstall) of eastern North America, but lighter-colored throughout, the upper parts paler, and the under parts also paler, buffy rather than vinaceous. Range.—Western North America, breeding from Alaska southward along the Rocky Mountains to Oregon; in winter to California and Mexico. Remarks.—Western birds of this species are readily separable from eastern specimens by their uniformly lighter coloration. In fall plumage the difference in color is that between Saccardo’s umber and sepia of Ridgway’s ‘‘Color Standards,” and is well marked when series of the two lie side by side. It holds also when spring and summer birds are used for comparison. While certain odd specimens of the western bird may be matched approximately by individuals of the typical eastern race, the differences between the two in series stand out very well—as well, indeed,
16—Proc. Biou. Soc. WasH., Vou. 48, 1935. (63)
64 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
as do those distinguishing the western races of either Spizella arborea or S. pusilla. These differences are best shown by birds in fresh unworn breeding dress (May), which are decidedly buffy below, while specimens of rubescens in corresponding plumage show a more or less vinaceous tinge on these parts. The upper parts in general are more sandy brownish, less decidedly grayish, than they are in rubescens, while the wings and tail, which in the latter are dusky black, are dusky brown instead. In worn breeding dress (July) there is not nearly so much difference in the color of the upper parts, but the wings and tail remain browner in the western race, and the under parts are whiter, since the buffy tinge seems to fade out more than the vinaceous of the eastern. birds. In fresh winter and immature specimens (late August and September) we find the differences between the two races still well marked. Brewster ! remarked the different color of his specimens from the Cape region of Lower California, but considered that the differences were neither ‘“‘pronounced nor constant.’’ But with an unusually good series of eastern birds available for comparison I consider that the characters I have pointed out are decidedly of sub- specific value. All the synonyms of the species appear to belong to the eastern race, leaving the western one to be named.
The above remarks are based on the examination of a series of twenty- seven spring and summer specimens from British Columbia and Alaska, as compared with a large series of eastern birds. ‘Twenty-five fall and winter specimens of the new form have also been seen.
The second form may be known as
Anthus rubescens alticola, subsp. nov. ROCKY MOUNTAIN PIPIT.
Type, No. 16,748, Collection Carnegie Museum, adult female; Estes Park, Colorado, July 20, 1893; Richard C. McGregor.
Subspecific characters—Similar to Anthus rubescens pacificus nobis of the northern Pacific coast region, but with the under parts in the breeding season more richly and more uniformly buffy, with little or no dusky streaking. (This is not a matter of wear!)
Range.—Breeding at suitable altitudes in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and probably of other States, but the exact limits of its range otherwise unknown.
Remarks.—The distinctive characters of our two specimens from Estes Park are fully confirmed by the larger series (eight specimens) examined from several other localities in Colorado (Barr; Geneva Park, Park County; Mount Bross, near Alma; Alice; Moffat County), and which are preserved in the Colorado Museum of Natural History. Indeed, the new form appears upon comparison in series to be more distinct from pacificus than the latter is from rubescens itself. That it has not been detected heretofore must be because too much importance has been attached to individual variants which occasionally approach it in their characters, although coming from within the range of the other forms. The Colorado breeding bird, as
1 Bulletin Museum Comparative Zoélogy, XLI, 1902, 193.
Todd—Geographical Variation in the American Titlark. 65
indicated by the material examined, is peculiar in the more uniform appear- ance of the under parts, the streaking being reduced to a minimum, while the buffy color is at the same time more pronounced. ‘This is a constant feature in the series examined. Although the amount of streaking varies in both rubescens and pacificus, as already remarked, breeding birds of these forms, taken as a series, are quite distinct from breeding birds of the present race in respect to this character, as well as in respect to the color itself, which is between the pinkish buff and cinnamon buff of Ridgway. There is thus abundant ground for the recognition of a Rocky Mountain breeding race, and the circumstance that occasional individuals from other parts may show its characters to a greater or less extent is just what might be expected. In size the new race averages a little larger than either rubescens or pacificus. The discrimination of non-breeding examples has not been attempted; it may prove to be difficult.
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Vol. 48, pp. 67-70 May 3, 1935
PROCEEDINGS —— OF THE “A NOUR BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON __
~ ~~ Nae
REMARKS ON THE AVIAN GENUS EOS. BY JAMES L. PETERS.
The genus Eos was first proposed by Wagler in his ‘‘Con- spectus Psittacorum,”’ published in Abhandl. k. bayer. Akad. Wiss., 1, 1832, p. 465-750. Seven species were assigned to the genus by its describer, but no type was fixed. G. R. Gray in 1840 (List Gen. Bds., p. 52) designated the first species “FE. indica” (=Psittacus indicus Gmelin 1788 = Psittacus histrio P. L. 8S. Muller 1776) as type. The other species in- cluded by Wagler were, 2 Psittacus ruber Gmelin, 3 Psittacus guebiensis Gmelin, 4 Psittacus cochinchinensis Latham, 5 Psittacus variegatus Gmelin, 6 Psittacus cervicalis Latham, 7 Psittacus ornatus Linné. Of these no. 6 has never been satis- factorily identified and no. 7 was a few years later correctly identified as a Trichoglossus in which genus it remains; nos. 3, 4 and 5 have been much shunted about within the genus, some- times in use for one species, then another, and at one time all three were quoted as synonyms of the later Pszttacus riciniatus Bechstein; no. 2 was replaced by the earlier Psittacus borneus Linné and, as already indicated, indicus supplanted by histrio.
Bonaparte in Consp. Av. 1, 1850, p. 4, named two new species which he referred to Eos, EL. cyanogenia and E. semilarvata; the same author a few years later transferred Lorius cardinalis G. R. Gray to Eos. Eos cyanos- triata G. R. Gray 1845 was found by Sclater in 1860 to be identical with Psittacus reticulatus 8. Miller, 1841. Bonaparte’s Chalcopsitta rubiginosa 1850 was referred to Eos by G. R. Gray in 1859. Blyth described Hos fuscata in 1858.
Finsch in his ‘‘ Papageien”’ 1867-1868 placed practically all of the Lories in the genus Domicella Wagler, thereby lumping Eos with some other genera not very closely related. Salvadori in Orn. Pap. delle Mol., 1, 1880, p. 245-268, accorded Eos full generic standing, the same treatment he later used in Vol. 20, 1891, of the Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., an arrangement copied by Mivart in Monog. Loriidae, 1896, and closely adhered to by Sharpe in Hand-list of Birds., 2, 1900, p. 2, and still followed by Salvadori
17—Proc. Brox. Soc. WasH., Vou. 48, 1935. (67)
Ah |
68 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
again when he briefly reviewed the genus in Wystman’s Genera Avium, pt. 11, 1910.
Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 61, 1913, p. 401, created a monotypic genus Oenopsittacus for rubiginosa. His action in removing that species from Kos was quite justified, but he should have transferred it to Trichoglossus instead of to a monotypic genus. As Rensch has pointed out (Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, 1931, p. 528), this bird is a member of the ornatus-haematod group in which the zoofulvin of the body plumage has been replaced with zoonerythrin. My studies of Eos have convinced me that there are still two more discordant elements in the genus, cardinalis and fuscata. Cardi- nalis, inhabiting the Solomon Islands and Feni and Nissan Islands east of New Ireland, differs in possessing wider, more rounded rectrices, a more graduated tail and a large apterium at the base of the lower mandible, in these respects agreeing with the genus Chalcopsitta of New Guinea. While in some respects linking Eos and Chalcopsitta it certainly does not do so zoogeographically, and for this reason I do not lump the two, but consider cardinalis to be the Solomon Islands representative of the New Guinea Chalcopsitta.
Apparently no very serious attempt at the proper allocation of #. fuscata has ever been made. Some of the writers of sixty years ago placed it in Chaleopsitta, but for the most part it has remained in the genus in which it was originally described, its aberrant characters being recognized by placing it as the last species of the sequence. In spite of my aversion to creating monotypic genera based on long and well known species, I can not see the way clear to retaining fuscata in Eos any longer, nor do its characters permit its inclusion in any other genus. I therefore propose
PSEUDEOS, gen. nov.
Related to Eos Wagler, but tail little more than half as long as wing, the folded wing reaching nearly to its tip; base of lower mandible extensively naked; build relatively stouter; coloration very different. Type, Hos fuscata Blyth.
Reallocation of rubiginosa, cardinalis and fuscata is not only the proper procedure on basis of external structure, but is also perfectly logical on zoogeographic grounds. Eos, as I now constitute it, is a homogeneous group of 7 species divided into 15 forms extending from the Sangi and Talaut Islands through the entire Molucca group to the Tenimber Islands, one species being represented on the western Papuan Islands, and an endemic species occurring on some of the islands in Geelvink Bay.
Eos cyanogenia Bonap.
Range.—Islands in Geelvink Bay: Biak, Numfor, Manim and Mios Nom. Eos reticulata (S. Mill.)
Range.—Tenimber Islands. Introduced into the Kei Islands and on Damar. Eos squamata squamata (Bodd.)
Range.—Western Papuan Islands: Gebe, Waigeu, Batanta and a small island near Misol.
Peters—Remarks on the Avian Genus Eos. 69
Remarks.—This is the bird for many years known as Kos wallacei Finsch. There can be no doubt now that Boddaert’s name based on Daubenton’s Pl. enlum. no. 684 is referable to an immature bird of this form, though Guéby (=Gebe) may not have been the actual source of the specimen figured.
Eos squamata guenbyensis (Scopoli)
Range.—Northern Moluccas: Morty, Halmahera, Ternate, Tidore, Batjan, ete.
Remarks.—Scopoli based his name on Sonnerat’s “‘ petit Lori de Guéby”’ (Voyage 4 la Nouvelle Guinée, p. 174, pl. 109). The plate is perfectly identifiable as the adult of the race of sqwamata found on the Moluccas, and I quite agree with Oberholser in his fixation of the type locality as Halmahera (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 31, 1918, p. 48). There is no particular reason to suppose that the bird Sonnerat described and figured came from Gebe—he described several other species at the same time that came either from the western Papuan Islands or the mainland of New Guinea— but on the other hand there is no evidence that his journey extended beyond an island in the Moluccas that he constantly refers to as ‘‘ Pulo xxx.’”’ The French vessels, however, were continually visited by natives bringing specimens of birds and plants, and it was from these sources, rather than exertions of his own, that Sonnerat secured the originals of his drawings and descriptions.
Acceptance of Scopoli’s name precludes the use of the following which at one time or another have been applied to this bird:
Psittacus guebiensis Gmelin, 1788, a composite in which both Daubenton’s and Sonnerat’s species appeared. Psittacus variegatus Gmelin 1788, based exclusively on Latham who describes a bird that I can not identify as an Eos. Psittacus cochinchinensis Latham 1790. Psittacus riciniatus Bechstein 1811. Psittacus cucullatus Shaw 1811. Lorius isidorit Swainson 1829. Eos squamata obiensis Rothschild 1899. Range.—Island of Obi, Moluccas. Eos squamata insularis Guillemard 1885. Range.—Weda Island in the Sea of Halmahera. Eos histrio histrio (P. L. 8. Miller) 1776. Range.—Sangi Islands. Eos histrio talautensis Meyer & Wiglesworth 1894. Range.—Talaut Islands. Eos histrio challengert Salvadori 1891. Range.—Nenusa Islands. Eos bornea cyanonothus (Vieillot) 1818. Range.—Buru.
Eos bornea bornea (Linné) 1758. Range.—Amboina.
70 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Eos bornea rothschildi Stresemann 1912. Range.—Ceram.
Eos bornea bernsteini (Rosenberg) 1863. Range.—Kei Islands.
Eos semilarvata Bonaparte 1850. Range.—Mountains of Ceram above 5000 feet.
? Hos goodfellowi Ogilvie Grant 1907.
Range.—Island of Obi.
Remarks.—This speoies was described from two specimens then living in the aviary of Mr. Brook (since deceased) of Hodham, England. The very short and unsatisfactory diagnosis indicates that the bird may pos- sibly be related to H. semilarvata; on the other hand, Siebers inclines to the belief that goodfellowi is only the immature of HE. squamata obiensis. Mr. N. B. Kinnear informs me that the types are not in the British Museum, all trace having been lost after the birds passed from the possession of the original owner to other hands.
Vol. 48, pp. 71-72 May 3, 1935 PROCEEDINGS
rating SATRSG REAR
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
A NEW HAWK OF THE GENUS GERANOSPIZA. BY JAMES L. PETERS.
In the first volume of my Check-List I regarded Geranospiza, a genus of Neotropical Accipitridae, as composed of three species,—nzgra, caerulescens and gracilis. At the time I worked on these birds I had seen insufficient material, particularly from eastern and southern Brazil, but in the light of additional specimens since received I now agree with both Chapman and Hellmayr that Geranospiza should be regarded as monotypic and all the forms treated as subspecies.
A specimen from the Argentine Chaco that has lain in the Museum of Comparative Zoélogy for several years under the name of gracilis has not been recognized as belonging to an undescribed race in default of compara- tive material of topotypical gracilis (Falco gracilis Temminck, Pl. col., livr. 16, 1821, pl. 91, eastern parts of Brazil). Suspicion was first aroused by the receipt of a male of gracilis taken in southeastern Bahia by Dr. O. Pinto of the Museum Paulista which agreed with Temminck’s plate in the absence of barred wing coverts, whereas in the Argentine specimen the wing coverts are regularly and conspicuously barred; this is also shown by the bird from Salta, Argentina, figured in Swann’s “ Monograph” (Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 3, pl. lower fig.) and two specimens from Kilometer 80, west of Puerto Pinasco, Paraguay, collected by Dr. Wetmore and kindly loaned to me by Dr. Friedmann. It was with some astonishment I found that Laubmann (Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Gran Chaco-Exped., Vogel, 1930, p. 99) was unable to distinguish his two Argentine and Bolivian specimens from an east Brazilian bird in the Munich Museum.
In an effort to bring the matter to a conclusion I appealed to Dr. Hellmayr, who most generously furnished me with information about all the specimens of gracilis that he had examined, 14 in all, of which he had ten at hand when he wrote me. Hellmayr’s notes show conclusively that there is no geographic correlation between barred wing coverts and uniform wing coverts; some specimens from eastern Brazil having them barred while in others from the southern part of the range they were plain. The wing measurements that he furnished, however, indicate a constant size differ-
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72 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
ence, sex for sex, between northern and southern birds and I therefore distinguish
Geranospiza caerulescens flexipes, subsp. nov.
Type.—No. 99141, Museum of Comparative Zoélogy, adult 9, Resisten- cia, Chaco, Argentina. Collected 18 July, 1915, by J. Mogensen.
Characters.—similar to G. c. gracilis (Temminck) of eastern Brazil but larger. The white barring on the underparts instantly distinguishes both gracilis and flexipes from the other forms of the genus.
WING MEASUREMENTS!
Geranospiza caerulescens gracilis.
Cf ro) *Paragua, Piathy 220... 005: 2006; *Rio Preto, Bahiay 22 3s 3006 FORT Ey Pets iad bk he 280 *Rio Preto; (Bahia .22:..2% 3006 Rio Jucurucu, Bahia _._..... 201 *Lamarao, Bahia ......._...... 314
Geranospiza caerulescens flexipes.
* Aracviay. (Govyag. 202i 308b .. *Araguay, Goyaz................ 320 *Pansecco, Matto Grosso... 300 *Cuyabd4, Matto Grosso... 340b *Sabauna, Sao Paulo............. 308 *Descalvados Mat. Grosso 326 (originally sexed as 9 ) *Santa Cruz, Bolivia... 350 Puerto Pinasco, Paraguay.. 3126 Resistencia, Chaco.......... 360 Puerto Pinasco, Paraguay.. 300b *Corrientes........................- 3257
The description and measurements given by Swann in his monograph appear to be based entirely on the southern race. In addition to the plate already mentioned, he gives the wing of males as measuring from 314-325 and that of females 340-375.
1 The specimens marked with an asterisk * are those measured by Dr. Hellmayr; those followed by a letter b have strongly barred wing coverts.
2 Originally sexed as co perhaps correctly so in view of the large size of the Chaco specimen.
Vol. 48, pp. 73-76 May 3, 1935 PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON:
iq ay
.
SON aL wustt THE GENUS BESLERIA IN VENEZUELA?
BY C. V. MORTON.
Three new species of Besleria (Gesneriaceae) have been detected among the large Venezuelan collections of Mr. H. Pittier. In order to relate them satisfactorily to those pre- viously known the following key has been prepared. I have had the privilege of examining Venezuelan material of this genus from the following herbaria: Botanical Museum of Copen- hagen, Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, New York Botanical Garden, and the U. 8S. National Herbarium.’
Key To SPECIES.
Corolla spurred at base. Corolla yellow. Calyx segments glabrous except at base; corolla about 20 mm. long;
Dlg AR ABT VT TAR C10 S607) (=< HSER OS Be 1. B. pendula Calyx segments strigillose throughout; corolla about 30 mm. long; re OL at CUA Leb C010 Re A a CO 2. B. pendulsflora
Corolla not spurred at base. Flowers aggregate in the leaf axils. Stems and leaves hirsute; calyx lobes more than half as long as the corolla, linear-lanceolate, about 14 mm. long; corolla ye NED ARBRE AGED si a cps ade a a a eet Ea 3. B. disgrega Stems and leaves appressed-pubescent or glabrate; calyx lobes less than half as long as the corolla, ovate, rounded or obtuse, 4 mm: long or lesa? corolla rede. 4. B. acutifolia Flowers borne on a common peduncle, disposed in corymbs or umbels. Calyx lobes strigillose throughout, acute, scarcely mucronate; corolla yellow, membranous, 8-9 mm. long. Secondary nerves of the feawes)G or 7.2.08. 5. B. clivorum 1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
2 In the following treatment these institutions are represented by the following abbrevia- tions: Co, G, K, P, Y, and W, respectively.
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74 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Calyx lobes glabrate, rounded at apex; corolla yellow, red, brown, or orange, membranous or fleshy, 12-22 mm. long. Calyx lobes rounded, not mucronate; corolla orange or brown, fleshy, the lobes reflexed, glandular within... 6. B. Rhytidophyllum Calyx lobes mucronate; corolla yellow, red, or orange, mem- branous, the lobes neither reflexed nor glandular within. Leaf blades ovate or oblong, rounded at base; secondary WEES UE ‘OFUMORe. 2°25. a ean Rew oseltes 7. B. affinis Leaf blades lanceolate, oblanceolate, or narrowly elliptic, attenuate at base; secondary veins 6 or 7......8. B. mucronata
1. Besleria pendula Hanst. Linnaea 34 : 333. 1865.
I have examined a specimen of the type collection in the Gray Herbarium (Moritz 1135, collected at Mérida, Venezuela). The species is also known from Colombia.
Additional Venezuelan specimens examined:
TrusitLo: Lagunetas, between Trujillo and San Lazaro, alt. 1500 meters, Jahn 101 (W).
2. Besleria pendulifiora Fritsch, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 18 : 9. 1922.
This species was collected on Roraima, alt. 1600 meters, by Ule (no. 8751). I have seen no specimens. According to Fritsch it is near B. pendula Hanst.
3. Besleria disgrega Morton, sp. nov.
Subg. Pseudobesleria. Frutex 0.5-1.5 m. altus, vix ramosus; caules teretes, dense hirsuti; lamina foliorum ovata vel elliptica, maxima ca. 19 cm. longa et 8.5 cm. lata, apice breviter acuminata, basi cuneata, denti- culata, ciliata, supra hirsuta, subtus imprimis in venis hirsuta, nervis secundariis 7-9; petiolus crassus, usque ad 6 cm. longus, hirsutus; peduncu- lus communis nullus; pedicelli in axillis foliorum dense aggregati, ca. 7 mm. longi, hirsuti; lobi calycis flavi, liberi, integri, lineari-lanceolati, ca. 14 mm. longi, carinati, acuminati, utrinque hirsuti; corolla alba, tubulosa, erecta, ecalcarata, 15-18 mm. longa, vix ventricosa, extus puberulenta vel glabres- cens, intus glabra, fauce parce glandulosa, lobis erectis, rotundatis, cilio- latis; filamenta glabra; antherae connatae; ovarium conicum, glabrum; stylus glaber; stigma bilobum; discus annularis, integer, glaber; fructus deest.
Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,232,700, collected at El Portachuela, on the road between Maracay and Ocumaré, Aragua, Vene- zuela, at 1100 meters altitude, May 8, 1925, by H. Pittier (no. 11810). Duplicate at the New York Botanical Garden.
Additional Venezuelan specimens examined:
FrepERAL District: Haciénda Puerto La Cruz, Jahn 13824 (W); Pittier 8085 (W).
Araacua: Alto de Rancho Grande, Pittier 12151 (W, Y); El Portachuelo, Pittier 11367 (W); near Colonia Tovar, Fendler 2030 (K).
Besleria disgrega does not belong to the same section as any other of the Venezuelan species of Besleria. Possibly it is to be compared with B.
Morton—The Genus Besleria in Venezuela. 75
columneoides Hanst., of Costa Rica, but that species must be very different by reason of its toothed calyx lobes and hairy corolla and ovaries.
4, Besleria acutifolia Benth. Plant. Hartw. 237. 1846.
This Colombian species was reported from Venezuela by Hanstein on the basis of Moritz 1491, from Mérida, but I have seen no specimens.
5. Besleria clivorum Morton, sp. nov.
Subg. Parabesleria. Frutex 1 m. altus; caules teretes, graciles, dense sericeo-strigillosi; lamina foliorum elliptica, maxima ca. 10.5 cm. longa et 4 cm. lata, integra, apice breviter acuminata, basi cuneata, supra parce strigillosa mox glabrescens, subtus strigillosa, pallidior, nervis secundariis 6 vel 7; petiolus usque ad 3 cm. longus, dense sericeo-strigillosus; inflores- centia corymbosa, pedunculis communibus gracilibus, usque ad 4 cm. longis, strigillosis, pedicellis usque ad 2 cm. longis, apice paullulum in- crassatis; lobi calycis basi parum connati, ovati, ca. 4.5 mm. longi, imbri- cati, strigillosi, apice vix mucronati, margine ciliolati; corolla lutea, ecal- carata, tubo cylindrico, non ventricoso, 8-9 mm. longo, 3.5 mm. lato, extus glabro, intus glanduloso (annulo piloso nullo), lobis ca. 3 mm. longis, rotundatis, patentibus, eciliatis, extus glabris, intus fauce glandulosis; filamenta libera, glabra; staminodium bene evolutum; antherae connatae, loculis confluentibus; ovarium glabrum; stylus glaber; stigma bilobum; discus annularis, grosse lobatus, glaber; bacca tuberculata, ca. 8.5 mm. diametro.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,281,986, collected in the forests of Valle en El Medio, Chuao, Aragua, Venezuela, at 600 meters altitude, March 15, 1926, by H. Pittier (no. 12128). Duplicate at the New York Botanical Garden.
Additional Venezuelan specimens examined:
Between Carrizal and San Diego, 1400 meters alt., Pzttier 12982 (W, Y). Near Colonia Tovar, Aragua, Fendler 2029 (K).
This species may be related to B. Rhytidophyllum Hanst., which similarly has the corolla tube glandular within. The leaves of the latter, however, tend to be larger and oblanceolate, rather than elliptic, the calyx lobes are larger, glabrate, and more rounded, and the corolla is broader, fleshier, and orange or brownish in color, rather than yellow as in B. clivorum.
6. Besleria Rhytidophyllum Hanst. Linnaea 34: 332. 1865.
The type of this species was collected near Colonia Tovar by Moritz (no. 869). I have seen the following collections:
Aracua: Colonia Tovar, alt. 1800-1950 meters, Fendler 788 (G, P, Y).
Inasmuch as the calyx lobes are united almost to the middle, this species should probably be referred to the subgenus Hubesleria.
7. Besleria affinis Morton, sp. nov.
Subg. Parabesleria. Herba vel suffrutex, 1.2-1.5 m. altus; caules quad- rangulares, superne strigillosi, inferne glabrescentes; lamina foliorum ovata vel oblonga, maxima ca. 20 cm. longa et 9 cm. lata, inconspicue denticu- lata, apice breviter acuminata, basi rotundata, supra glabrata, subtus strigillosa, nervis secundariis 11-15; petiolus usque ad 9.5 cm. longus, strigillosus; pedunculus communis elongatus, usque ad 16 cm. longus, glabratus, pedicellos corymbosos graciles usque 2 cm. longos gerens; calyx ca. 4.5 mm. longus, lobis fere ad medium connatis, ovatis, glabris,
76 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
ciliolatis, nervo mediano incrassato in mucronem excurrente; corolla rubra vel lutea, 13-16 mm. longa, ecalcarata, basi non saccata, glabra, membrana- cea, tubo vix ventricoso, lobis ovalibus, inaequalibus, rotundatis, fauce parce pubescentibus; filamenta glabra, tubum corollae aequantia; antherae connatae; ovarium conicum, glabrum; stylus glaber; discus annularis, integer, glaber; bacca minute tuberculata, ca. 7 mm. diametro.
Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,344,026, collected in humid forest, Ocumaré Valley, Aragua, Venezuela, Oct. 13, 1927, by H. Pittier (no. 12562).
Additional Venezuelan specimens examined:
Type locality, Pittier 12563 (W, Y); Colonia Tovar, Fendler 2365 (G); without locality, Linden 1403 (K).
The present species is obviously related to B. mucronata Hanst., which differs in its oblanceolate, lanceolate, or narrowly elliptic leaves, with attenuate bases and fewer (6 or 7) secondary nerves.
8. Besleria mucronata Hanst. Linnaea 34: 330. 1865. The type (not seen) was collected at Caracas, Venezuela, by Gollmer.
Venezuelan specimens examined:
FEDERAL District: Upper Catuche wood near Caracas, Pittier 7158 (W); 9584 (Y); Petaquire, Fendler 787 (G, K, Y); Caracas, Berschel (K); Hacienda Puerto La Cruz, Pittzer 8071 (W).
Araaua: Near Colonia Tovar, Fendler 2606 (K). Without locality, Eggers 13221 (Co).
DvuBIOUS SPECIES.
BESLERIA LABIOSA Hanst. Linnaea 34 : 324. 1865. I have seen no material which could be referred to this species. Hanstein creates for it the section Rhynchobesleria.
Vol. 48, pp. 77-78 May 3, 1935 PROCEEDINGS
arreet | Phung . Thre * OF THE od ANSON IAS jie> 5
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
NEW BIRDS FROM KENYA COLONY. BY JAMES L. PETERS AND ARTHUR LOVERIDGE.
The two new races described below were collected by the junior author on his most recent visit to Uganda and Kenya Colony on behalf of the Museum of Comparative Zoology with the support of a fellowship granted by the John Simon Guggen- heim Foundation of New York.
Tyto capensis libratus, subsp. nov.
Type.—Adult 92, no. 168653, Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, from Kaimosi, Kakamega district, Nyansa Province, Kenya Colony. Collected 21 February, 1934, by Arthur Loveridge.
Characters.—Similar to Tyto capensis capensis (A. Smith)! but the upper parts much blacker brown and lacking the whitish dorsal spots. Below paler, the buff restricted to a band across the breast; flanks, abdo- men and tibiae white; dark spots smaller and more reduced in number. Similar also to Tyto capensis damarensis Roberts ? in having paler under- parts and smaller spots below, but darker above and indications of white spots practically absent.
Measurements.—Wing, 295 mm.; tail, 120 mm.; tarsus, 78 mm.; culmen, 20 mm.
Remarks.—So far as we can discover this is an extremely rare bird in East Africa. Apparently this specimen constitutes the second record for Kenya Colony, the first being a male recorded from Fort Hall by van Someren.’? While referring this bird to the South African race he notes that it has the characters displayed by our Kaimosi bird and surmises that it may prove to be a new form.
Zosterops silvanus, sp. nov.
Type.—Adult o, no. 168994, Museum of Comparative Zodélogy, from Mt. Mbololo, 4,800 feet, Taita, Kenya Colony. Collected 21 April, 1934, by Arthur Loveridge.
1 Strix capensis A. Smith, S. Afr. Quart. Journ. (2), 1834, p. 317. South Africa.
2 Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 212. Damaraland. 3 Nov. Zool., 29, 1922, p. 46.
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78 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
Characters.—Most nearly related to Zosterops winifredae Sclater and Moreau,‘ but instantly distinguished by its very large and conspicuous white eye ring; more olive less yellowish green upper parts; forehead not golden yellow; throat greenish yellow and not pale yellow; median portion of posterior underparts clear gray like the flanks (not white) and bill much longer and stouter.
Measurements.— Wil ier: Bill SWUYPO wk se sia aes oe 58 fied, NI ja ON AT i tee Poe 56. 47 11.5 OPM | ATE era eee 54 oe 11.5 (She aa alee alte 54 46.5 11.3
There are a number of species of Zosterops in Africa with yellow throats and undertail coverts separated by gray, brown or whitish underparts, and until the relationships of these groups are worked out, treatment as species is advisable.
We are indebted to Dr. W. L. Sclater for comparing one of our specimens with the series of Zosterops winifredae in the British Museum.
4 Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 55, 1934, p. 14. Chome, in forest on South Pare Mountains, 6200 feet, Usambara district, Tanganyika Territory.
Vol 48, pp. 79-82 May 3, 1935 PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.
Pgs vs [Ask / tify / Avg | >». THE NAME OF THE GOPHER FROGS Ara» ~~ Muse il BY FRANCIS HARPER. =
Rana areolata Baird and Girard (1852, p. 173) was described from Indianola, Matagorda County, Texas. The type speci- men (U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 3304) is a medium-sized adult. (Originally recorded as “‘three inches and a half,”’ the length at present is only 77 mm.; the tibia is 38.) Its color has faded to such an extent that the dorsal body pattern is no longer very distinct. The pattern of the hind limbs, however, corresponds to that of well-preserved specimens from Rogers County, Okla. (U.S. N. M., No. 94247), and from Montgomery County, Mo. (U.S. N. M., Nos. 57844-57848), in having the broad light bars interrupted in the middle by narrow, more or less broken, dark bars (cf. Dickerson, 1906, pl. 73; Wright and Wright, 1933, pl. 58; Smith, 1934, pl. 20). Such intermediate or secondary dark bars are far less developed in specimens of the Gopher Frog from Georgia and Florida (cf. Le Conte, 1855, pl. 5; Dickerson, 1906, pl. 74; Wright and Wright, 1933, pl. 57). This difference appears to furnish an excellent means for separating the Texas and Mississippi Valley species from the southeastern species. The type of areolata has the under parts unspotted except along the mandible and the sides of the throat, in this respect agreeing with the above-mentioned specimens from Missouri.
Rana capito Le Conte (1855, p. 425) was described from Georgia, ‘‘in the ditches of the rice-fields.’”” This doubtless means the vicinity of Rice- borough, Liberty County. The type specimen (U. 8. N. M., No. 5903) agrees with the plate accompanying the original description. It is an adult in good condition. (Le Conte’s statement of its length, ‘4.2 in.,” is probably not an error, although the present length is only 81 mm.; the discrepancy is more likely due to shrinkage. The present measurement of the tibia, 37 mm., agrees exactly with the original measurement of
21—Proc. Biot. Soc. WasH., Vou. 48, 1935. (79)
80 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
1.45 in.) The original black parts have become dark brown, but the color pattern is readily distinguishable. The dorsal spots are noticeably smaller and more numerous than in the average specimen of areolata. The entire ventral surface, of both body and limbs, is spotted, in this respect differing decidedly from areolata.
Rana areolata aesopus Cope (1886, p. 517) was based upon a single specimen from Micanopy, Alachua County, Fla. In the preparation of his catalogue of 1889, Cope still had no other specimen of aesopus, and the type of capito was not before him. The type of aesopus (U.S. N. M., No. 4743) is immature or subadult, in its present shrunken condition being only 50 mm. in length. (Cope’s original measurement of length was 62; of tibia, 24.) The color pattern is not so well preserved as in the type of capito, but in general corresponds very well to that of the latter. The throat and upper breast are spotted. The abdomen is badly preserved and shows no color pattern.
There can be no doubt that the type of aesopus and all other specimens from Florida and Georgia are identical with capito. In addition to the above-mentioned types, I have examined the following specimens of this species in the U. S. National Museum collection, through the courtesy of Dr. Leonhard Stejneger: Nos. 57533-57535, Levy County, Fla. (J. Hurter) ; No. 61062, Marion County, Fla. (Reynolds); Nos. 25513-25514, Crescent City, Putnam County, Fla. (H. G. Hubbard); Nos. 59413 and 60576, Auburndale, Polk County, Fla. (N. R. Wood); Nos. 21702-21703, ‘ Flori- da”’ (H. G. Hubbard). No. 11897, without locality data and labeled R. a. areolata, is definitely capito. I have also had before me the following Florida specimens in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia: No. 14617, Pasco County; Nos. 15244-15245, Tarpon Springs, Pinellas County (W.S. Dickinson); and two others with less definite data. Besides examining these museum specimens, I am familiar with the live frog in Charlton County, Ga., and Baker and Nassau Counties, Fla. The throat, breast, and ventral side of the hind limbs in some of the specimens (especially the larger ones) are spotted; apparently the smaller specimens tend to be less spotted on the posterior under parts, but the throat at least seems always to be spotted.
Rana capito has long failed of proper recognition by herpetologists. Miss Dickerson (1906, p. 192) synonymizes it with areolata on the basis of measurements, making no reference to its color characters. Boulenger, in his account of areolata, says (1920, p. 467):
“T have regarded this R. aesopus as specifically distinct from R. areola!4, under the name of R. capito. There can be no question that Leconte’s figure agrees with R. aesopus as defined by Cope and not with R. areolata; however, Dr. Barbour has recently informed me that Dr. Stejneger, having at his request reexamined the type of R. capito, and compared it with the types of R. areolata and R. aesopus, states it to be unquestionably the same as R. areolata and not R. aesopus. I submit of course to Dr. Stejneger’s verdict, but considering the state of things resulting from it, it seems to me that a strict definition of the species is an impossibility and I have there-
Harper—The Name of the Gopher Frog. 81
fore restored R. aesopus to the rank of a subspecies or variety of R. areolata, assigned to it by its original describer.”’
From Boulenger’s table of measurements (p. 467) it is evident that areolata has a relatively narrower head than ‘‘aesopus.”’ He describes the lower parts of the former as ‘‘pale yellow or white”; those of the latter as ‘“white, spotted or vermiculate with brown on the throat and breast.’ Smith’s measurements (1934, p. 479) also indicate that the head is narrower in areolata than in capito; he states that the ventral surfaces of the former are “immaculate, whitish.”’
Stejneger and Barbour (1933, p. 38) give the range of aesopus as “ Florida northward into South Carolina,’ but include Georgia in the range of areolata; they make no reference to cagnto.
Meanwhile, however, there have not been wholly wanting those who maintain belief in the validity of capito. An annotation on the card for Le Conte’s type in the U. S. National Museum’s catalogue indicates such a belief on the part of Percy Viosca, Jr. Wright (1931, p. 350) also expresses belief in the synonymy of capito and aesopus, but does not carry the matter to a logical nomenclatural conclusion by adopting the earlier name. Wright and Wright (1933, p. 150) show a clear understanding of the distributional facts by excluding areolata from the Southeastern States, but still refrain from substituting capito for aesopus.
Rana areolata aesopus Cope is hereby definitely—and I hope finally— sunk in the synonymy of Rana capito Le Conte, and Wright and Wright’s restriction of Rana areolata to Texas and the Mississippi Valley is confirmed.
This disposition of the names accords with the known facts in the ecology of the Gopher Frog. Its primary habitat is the burrows of the Gopher Turtle (Gopherus polyphemus). The range of the latter extends in the Coastal Plain from South Carolina and Florida to Arkansas (Stejneger and Barbour, 1933, p. 150). The evidence at hand indicates that the range of Rana capito lies wholly within, and the range of R. areolata wholly with- out, that of Gopherus polyphemus.
In the absence of any evidence of intergradation—or even of geographical contiguity—areolata and capito should stand as distinct species.
Just as capito owes its common name to the Gopher Turtle with which it associates, so ‘Crawfish Frog”’ is a fitting name for areolata, by reason of its appropriation of the crustacean’s burrows for its own habitations. ‘‘Northern Gopher Frog,’”’? employed by some authors for areolata, is scarcely a suitable name for a species that is not known to have any contact with the Gopher Turtle.
The amount of shrinkage in the length of head and body that seems to have taken place in all three of the type specimens mentioned above, in the 49 to 83 years since their original description, indicates the danger of regarding this as a stable measurement in frogs. The situation is aggravated if the other measurements are expressed as proportions of the head-and- body length, instead of in terms of actual length.
82 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
LITERATURE CITED.
BarrD, SPENCER F., AND CHARLES GIRARD. 1852. Characteristics of some new reptiles in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, VOl..6, Pp.) bio. Bou.ENGER, G. A. 1920. A monograph of the American frogs of the genus Rana. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sciences, vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 411-480. Corr, E. D.
1886. Synonymic list of the North American species of Bufo and Rana, with descriptions of some new species of Batrachia, from speci- mens in the National Museum. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., vol. 23, pp. 514-526.
1889. The Batrachia of North America. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 34, pp. 1-525, 86 pl., 120 fig.
DickErRSON, Mary C. 1906. The frog book. New York: pp. xvii + 253, 112 pl., 35 fig.
Le Contr, Jonn [Eatrton]. 1855. Descriptive catalogue of the Ranina of the United States. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 7, pp. 423-481, 1 pl. SmitH, Hopart M. 1934. The amphibians of Kansas. Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 377-528, 9 pl., 24 maps. STEJNEGER, LEONHARD, AND THOMAS BARBOUR. 1933. A check list of North American amphibians and reptiles. Third edition. Cambridge: pp. xiv + 185. Wricut, ALBERT HAZEN. 1931. Life-histories of the frogs of Okefinokee Swamp, Georgia. New York: pp. xv + 497, 46 pl., 1 fig. Wricut, ANNA ALLEN, AND ALBERT HAZEN WRIGHT. 1933. Handbook of frogs and toads. Ithaca: pp. xi + 231, 82 pl., 7 fig.
Vol. 48, pp. 83-106 May 3, 1935 PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON); >
(foe
BY J. DOUGLAS HOOD, University of Rochester.
The types of the new species described below are in the author’s collection.
Tzniothrips silvestris, sp. nov. (PL IV, figs) 1, 2:)
Female (macropterous).—Length about 1.3 mm. (distended, about 1.6 mm.). Color brown, with bright vermilion internal pigmentation which is more abundant in thorax than elsewhere, head somewhat paler between eyes, abdomen distinguishably darker than pterothorax; legs with all coxze brown and all tarsi yellow; fore femora yellow at base and heavily overlain with brown on outer surface, the apex and inner surface yellowish; fore tibiz pale yellowish at base and apex, intermediate portion shaded with brown; middle and hind femora yellow at base, brown beyond, the middle pair more or less yellowish apically; middle and hind tibize yellow in narrow basal portion, brown beyond, shading to yellow at apex; fore wings uniform dark brown throughout, save for the usual minute pale spot behind anterior vein and just beyond the basal group of sete; antenne dark brown, with basal portion of pedicel of III and narrowed distal portions of III and IV yellow, III-V each with a pale subbasal ring beyond pedicel; setze on body and wings dark brown; ocellar pigmentation red.
Head (Pl. IV, fig. 1) just longer than wide, almost as broad across eyes as across the collar-like thickening at basal third of cheeks, the cheeks slightly arched; vertex somewhat excavated in front of median ocellus, this region and occiput with distinct anastomosing striz; interocellar sete very long (47 yw), situated well within the ocellar triangle; one pair of small setz in front of median ocellus, a larger pair near inner margin of eyes and laterad of median ocellus, an exceedingly minute pair close to and behind posterior ocelli, three pairs of larger postocular sete, and two pairs of genal sete. Hyes about 0.6 as long as head and nearly equal in width to their interval. Ocelli subequal in size, 18 w in diameter, the posterior pair 18 » apart and about 15 uw from median ocellus. Antenne about 2.2 times as long as head, their structure well shown in PI. IV, fig. 2; segment
22—Proc. Biou. Soc. Wasz., Vou. 48, 1935. (83)
+f;
84 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
IV longer than III and much longer than VI, both III and IV with distal portion narrowed and stalk-like; VIII about four times as long as wide and about one-third the length of III.
Prothorax (P1. IV, fig. 1) 0.9 as long as head and about 1.4 times as wide as long; pronotum distinctly cross-striate with pale, anastomosing lines and with a number of moderately long, slender, dark set; sete at posterior angles dark brown, inner 73 yp, outer 67 uw; posterior margin with 7-9 smaller setee between the inner pair at angles, the mediad pair stronger and about 28 uw. Legs normal. Wings of fore pair about 14 times as long as width at middle; costal margin with about 30 sete, anterior vein with 4 + 6 (rarely 5, 7, or 8) in basal half and 2 near extreme tip, posterior vein with 15-17 nearly equidistant ones.
Abdomen of normal form; terga smooth excepting at sides, where the faint strize are rather widely spaced, VIII with comb missing in median third or less, X not divided above; setz on IX subequal and about 117 uw, on X subequal and about 130 uz.
Measurements of paratype (@), in mm.: Length about 1.3 (distended, 1.55); head, length 0.151, width across eyes 0.145, across cheeks 0.146, at posterior margin of eyes 0.137, at base 0.137; eyes, length 0.092, width 0.048, interval 0.051; prothorax, length 0.136, width 0.187; pterothorax, width 0.251; fore wings, length 0.778, width at middle 0.053; abdomen, width 0.301.
Antennal segments: 1 ee aa Mo es a a, Ce MES Length (yu) 32 42 60 67) 42" 58 (10) 21 Width (u) Bee DG RE ae) MEG TAN ga ate
Total length of antenna 0.332 mm.
Male (macropterous).—Length about 0.95 mm. (distended, 1.20 mm.). Color identical with that of female. Structure very similar, excepting in those details affected by the smaller size, as, for example, the number of setae on the wing-veins, which is less; tergum VIII with comb complete though weakened medially; tergum IX without large dorsal set, its anterior pair of lateral setze about 90 uw; segment X with the lateral setz 117 » and the pair below and posterior to them 107 yw; sterna III-VII each with two transverse rows of small pale areas, those in the anterior row on each segment larger, sometimes transversely elliptical, and frequently coalescing here and there to form still larger transverse areas; sternum IV of allotype with 9 circular areas in the posterior row and with three circular areas and two elliptical submedian ones in the anterior row.
Measurements of allotype (o), in mm.: Length about 0.95 mm.; head, length 0.120, width across eyes 0.122, across cheeks 0.120, at posterior margin of eyes 0.113, at base 0.112; eyes, length 0.073, width 0.041, interval 0.041; interocellar setze 0.040; prothorax, length 0.106, width 0.158, inner setze at posterior angles 0.060, outer sete 0.053, median setz on posterior margin 0.030; pterothorax, width 0.200; fore wings, length 0.620, width at middle 0.043; abdomen, width 0.202.
Hood—Ten New Thysanoptera from Panama. 85
Antennal segments: De hie AG he bi Length (x): 23 34 48 55 37 50 9 17 Width (x) 2b ee p20. 18). 14) 15. 7. 25
Total length of antenna 0.273.
Described from 27 females and 5 males, all from Barro Colorado Island, C. Z., Panama, July 31—October, 1933, Silvestre Aviles and J. D. H., in flowers of Dichorisandra hexandra (Aubl.) Standl. and Xiphidium ceruleum Aubl. (both determined by Dr. Paul C. Standley) [Hood Nos. 1027, 1030, 1045, and 1078].
This is one of the few Panamanian Thripide to be found in deep forests, and in calling it szlvestris I have in mind, too, the name of Silvestre Aviles, a native Panamanian whose intimate knowledge of the tropical jungle made him a most valuable collecting companion.
The species is allied to the African funtumie and ventralis, and in the New World finds its closest relatives in funestus, described from Texas, and lagoenacollus, described from Brazil. From the former it differs most conspicuously in having the pronotum distinctly striated and the fourth antennal segment much longer than the sixth. From the latter, known to me only from the original description, it would appear to be readily separ- able in the male sex by the long wings and the different disposition of the pale areas on the abdominal sterna, those of lagoenacollus being ‘‘arranged in an irregular series of 6-7 across each sternite,’’ while the present species has about twice as many, arranged in two distinct rows. Although Moulton states that the modified sterna are II-VI, this is clearly an error because III-VII are the specialized ones in the other species belonging to the same
group. Adraneothrips bilineatus, sp. nov.
Female (macropterous).—Length about 1.06 mm. (partially distended, 1.19 mm.). Color pale yellow, with sides and front of head, sides of pro-, meso-, and meta-thorax, and sides of abdominal segments I, III, and IV margined narrowly with dark brown and underlain with bright crimson pigmentation; similar pigmentation at sides of abdominal segments VIII and IX and along posterior margin of dorsal surface of eyes; ocellar pig- mentation vermilion red; pronotum with a gray median cloud involving posterior portion, the metanotum at middle and posterior portion of abdominal tergum IX similarly clouded; tube gray-brown, paler in apical portion; all coxe and tarsi, and the hind tibiz, uniform pale yellow; femora yellow, the fore pair clouded with gray, especially along inner and outer surfaces, middle and hind femora largely gray-brown, shading to yellow in about basal third and at extreme apex; fore and middle tibie yellow, lightly shaded with gray; fore wings yellowish or grayish at base (including scale) and in distal two-fifths, the intervening portion somewhat darker and with a median gray streak which is broadened basally; antennze with segments I, II, IV, V, Vil and VIII largely gray-brown, the intervening ones much paler, II with pedicel and sides darkened, IV and V with basal
86 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. |
fourth (excepting the dark pedicel of V) pale yellowish white, III yellowish white, with a brown cloud crossing the narrow portion beyond pedicel and extending along inner surface, its narrower distal portion lightly clouded, VI with pedicel dark gray and concolorous with apex of V, remainder nearly white basally, shading to gray in distal half.
Head long, its length about 1.28 times its greatest width, which is across cheeks, the latter rounded to eyes and roundly converging posteriorly; vertex conically produced between eyes, bearing the overhanging and forwardly directed median ocellus at its extremity; dorsum of head smooth, the darkly colored cheeks with short transvérse strie which give them a minutely serrated appearance; postocular sete pale yellow, dilated at apex, 32 w long and 57 uw apart; other cephalic setz small, the dorsal ones very slender and pale, the lateral ones shorter, darker, and stouter, one more noticeable pair on profile of cheeks just behind eyes. Hyes about 0.4 as long as head, much shorter than their distance from posterior margin of head, their width slightly less than their interval, on ventral surface of head narrowed posteriorly and prolonged somewhat beyond their dorsal margin. Ocelli obscured by the dense vermilion pigmentation, but clearly anterior in position; median ocellus with its front margin just in advance of that of eyes. Antenne of normal form and structure, segment III with two sense- cones on outer surface. Mouth-cone broadly rounded, its tip scarcely attaining posterior margin of prosternum.
Prothoraz less than one-half as long as head and (inclusive of coxze) about 2.44 times as wide as long, its surface perfectly smooth excepting a few anastomosing lines along posterior margin; all usual major setz present and dilated at apex, the three lateral pairs pale brownish and darker than the others, epimerals about 33 yw, the others shorter, subequal, and about 27 ». Pterothorax somewhat narrower than prothorax across cox; meta- notum with large, distinct, polygonal reticles in the area of the gray cloud. Legs normal; fore tarsi not toothed. Wings weak and slender, sparsely fringed, the fore pair with three accessory hairs; subbasal sete dilated at apex (the distal one less distinctly so) and measuring about 26, 31, and 41 y, respectively.
Abdomen narrower than pterothorax, of normal structure; posterior pair of wing-retaining setz on segments IV—VI larger than the others, the pos- terior pair on III and IV dark brown in color; I, II, and VII with one pair of dilated, dorso-lateral sete, II-VI and VIII with two such pairs, the outer pair on VII nearly or quite pointed; homologous pairs on [X nearly pointed and 62-65 u long; other abdominal setz pointed; median sclerite of tergum I with two sensory pores on posterior margin; tube about one-half as long as head, twice as long as basal width, and twice as broad at base as at apex, its terminal sete brownish yellow and about 60 yu long.
Measurements of holotype (@), in mm.: Length about 1.06 (partially distended, 1.19); head, length 0.188, greatest width (across cheeks) 0.147, width across eyes 0.133, least width (at base) 0.124; eyes (measurements approximate because of neighboring pigmentation), length 0.074, width 0.043, interval 0.050; prothorax, length 0.090, width (inclusive of cox)
Hood—Ten New Thysanoptera from Panama. 87
0.220; pterothorax, width 0.204; abdomen, width 0.193; tube, length 0.094, width at base 0.048, width at apex 0.023.
Antennal segments: Dee ae Oo! Be oe Length (u): 25. 40 50 52 47 44 38 27 Width(u): Be epee, 24) 20. 19 17° 9
Total length of antenna 0.323 mm.
Described from one female taken by the author on a dead palm leaf, Barro Colorado Island, C. Z., Panama, June 26, 1933 [Hood No. 948].
Though the coloration of this species is unique and distinctive, it is nevertheless readily separable from its congeners on the basis of structural characters. A. huachuce is the only other member of the genus in which the eyes are prolonged posteriorly on the ventral surface of the head and which at the same time has a pair of pores on the posterior margin of the first abdominal tergum; but, aside from the very different coloration, huachuce has the head very much shorter and the antennal segments differently proportioned.
Adraneothrips diligens, sp. nov.
Female (macropterous).—Length about 1.1 mm. (distended, about 1.4 mm.). Bicolorous; head, thorax, and abdominal segments I, IV, and VIII-X brown, the head and sides of pterothorax darkest, the tube paler in distal half, all of these brown portions underlain with more or less crimson pigmentation, this pigmentation nearly continuous in pterothorax and first abdominal segment, confined in prothorax largely to anterior and lateral margins, restricted in head largely to the sides and the region just posterior to ocelli, limited in abdomen to sides of the darker segments, lacking from tube; abdominal segments II and III pale yellow, II often shaded posteriorly, V brown at sides and anteriorly, yellowish posteriorly, with more or less crimson pigmentation laterally, VI and VII bright dark yellow, VII with a brown cloud occupying about median third; legs with cox brown and remainder nearly uniform bright pale yellow, the middle femora just distinguishably shaded with gray; wings of fore pair with a gray cloud in second fifth and a dark vein extending to near middle of wing, the basal portion yellowish, distal portion nearly clear; antenne with segments I, IJ, VII, and VIII dark gray-brown, II blackish brown at sides and paler along middle, III pale yellowish white, shading to gray in nar- rowed distal portion, IV-VI yellowish white in basal half, two-fifths, and one-third, respectively (excepting the more or less darkened pedicels), remainder concolorous with VII and VIII; ocellar pigmentation crimson.
Head about 1.27 times as long as greatest width, which is across cheeks, these rounding to eyes, straight and converging posteriorly, with faint