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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 130 (WHOLE VOLUME)
ANNOTATED, SUBJECT-HEADING BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1330.B.Ci, BORD [ox
By THOMAS E. SNYDER Washington, D.C.
eee OSOves
(PusicaTion 4258)
CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SEPTEMBER 25, 1956
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 130 (WHOLE VOLUME)
ANNOTATED, SUBJECT-HEADING BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1590 B.C. TO A.D, 1954
By THOMAS E. SNYDER
Washington, D.C.
(PusiicaTion 4258)
CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SEPTEMBER 25, 1956
THE LORD BALTIMORE PRESS, INC. BALTIMORE, MD., U.S. A.
VSO Dir, DF CONTENTS
Page Ret CCIE Tare eel Ae Thiet a ae een tera cabs GRACO A, saniditchore ca Age Vien pout ack I BRP SEI COLO INIC TIEN Met th he Sra riate inl Nta ale ane Oeics Ricks ad aia abd ee aia lite I BERING MESTID ICC CACINSSe cay ig el RCT aN ee Ea RN aol ly etete baat tiuel 3 2 RIAN tre itty ok a han Phe cas OA agence sw chdley aicma rere aa 3 SESOEICUIGUOLS ANG, CELCS Gn) hy ahaa cle, «WU: inertness Ree wIs Teese SaaS RIL es 149 ee are RA A Sein tel Huis cana: Sorte) 3: PR i Bel Ree th ak Ae Coed Seen 2 279
ANNOTATED, SUBJECT-HEADING BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1350" E:.CY TO AeIDN1994
By THOMAS E. SNYDER Washington, D.C.
INTRODUCTION
As early as 1350 B.C. (Dow, 1915), the Rig Vedas referred in Sanskrit to “ghuna” as destroyers of wood, and these were probably termites. The animals of India were known to the early B.C. Greek authors. Pliny in his Natural History of the World, 77 A.D., in a manner similar to his other “facts,” discusses Indian “pissmires,” which may be “white ants” or ants. Hagen in 1855 gives a historical summary of these early accounts of termites.
A bibliography of the Isoptera (1758-1949), Griffin, 1951, has been used in this work. Like Griffin, I have not included some of the articles listed in the Review of Applied Entomology (series A), or in the Index of American Economic Entomology, where papers on termites are also referred to under subject headings.
The bibliography is partly selective. Taxonomic articles published since 1949, when my Catalog of Termites of the World was published, are included, but not those papers referred to in that catalog unless subjects other than taxonomy are discussed. This bibliography includes papers through 1954, with some of 1955. A total of 3,624 references are included.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This bibliography was begun in 1909 when I was in the Division of Forest Insects, Bureau of Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture; work was continued until I retired in 1951. Since then, most of the annotations have been made, and much more time has been available to complete it.
Dr. Alfred E. Emerson of the University of Chicago has supplied many references, especially those relating to taxonomy and biology.
Librarians, bibliographers, and translators of the Department of Agriculture, librarians of the U.S. National Museum, and my wife have all given help in its preparation.
Funds for typing the manuscript were kindly furnished by Dr. Frederick Cunliffe, Director, Pinellas Biological Laboratory, Inc., St. Petersburg, Fla.
A grant from the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., has assisted the Smithsonian Institution in publishing the bibliography. Editors of the Smithsonian have been very helpful.
Grateful acknowledgment is made to the E. L. Bruce Co., of Memphis, Tenn., for a grant applied toward the costs of preparing this paper for the printer.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL 130, WHOLE VOLUME
2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
VOL. 130
LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS
Anatomy, see Morphology.
Arsenic hazard.
Bacteria; see also Nutrition.
Baits, see Soil poisons.
Balance of nature.
Bees, stingless, association with.
Behavior; see also Biology.
Bibliography.
Biography.
Biology, ecology.
Building codes; see also Control, Resistant woods, Wood preservation.
Caste determination, intermediates, intercastes.
Chemical analysis.
Chemical warfare.
Cold, see Temperature.
Communication.
Control, construction, termite-proofing.
Courtship.
Cytology (cell growth).
Damage.
Damage to living vegetation.
Detection; see also Experimentation, Microphones.
Digestion; see also Nutrition, Protozoa.
Diseases, human, plant, and termite; see also Parasites.
Distribution.
Dusts, poison, see Poison dusts.
Ecology, see Biology.
Electricity, see Detection, Experimentation, Micro- phones.
Embryology.
Evolution.
Experimentation; see also Detection, Microphones.
Fire hazard; see also Control.
Flight.
Folklore.
Food, termites as.
Fossil.
Fumigation.
Fungi, association with; see also Rearing.
Fungus cultivation.
Gaseous environment.
Genetics.
Genitalia, reproductive or sex organs.
Geologic agents.
Heat, see Temperature.
Hermaphrodites, see Biology.
Histology, see Morphology.
Humidity.
Introduced.
Legislation or regulation.
Medicine, uses in.
Microphones.
Migration, see Biology.
Moisture, see Biology.
Molds, see Nutrition, Parasites.
Morphology, Histology (tissue growth).
Neoteinia, see Biology.
Nests.
Nutrition.
Obituary.
Parasites.
Parthenogenesis, see Biology.
Phylogeny; see also Evolution, Taxonomy.
Physiology, see Biology.
Poison dusts.
Population.
Predators.
Protozoa; see also Digestion, Nutrition.
Racket.
Rearing.
Regeneration.
Regulation, see Legislation.
Repellents, see Soil poisons.
Reproductive organs, see Genitalia.
Resistant woods.
Respiration, see Gaseous environment.
Reviews.
Rhythm, coordinated.
Secretions.
Sense organs.
Sex organs, see Genitalia.
Shields, metal barriers.
Soil poisons, baits, repellents.
Sound.
Spermatogenesis.
Stridulation.
Superorganism, supraorganism, colony as.
Swarm, see Flight.
Symbiosis, see Biology, Nutrition, Protozoa, Ter- mitophiles.
Tax status of loss, see Damage.
Taxonomy.
Temperature.
Termitophiles.
Uses in industry, arts, and religion.
Water table.
Wood preservation, poisons for fabrics and fiber- boards, insulation, etc.
X-ray, see Detection and Experimentation.
Zoogeographical regions.
Nore.—In the “Index of American Economic Entomology,” under the heading “Termites” and supplementary subject-headings there are many papers not referred to in this bibliography; some are
of minor importance, others repetitions.
WHOLE VOL.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 3
SUBJECT HEADINGS
(For complete citations see List of Authors and Titles beginning on page 149. References marked with an asterisk are not listed in this publication, but will be found in Snyder’s ‘‘Catalog of the Termites of the World,’ Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 112, 1949.)
ANATOMY, See MORPHOLOGY ARSENIC HAZARD
ANONYMOUS, 1953k, pp. 42, 44, 46. (Dosages arsenic recommended as safe by USS. Dept. Agriculture.)
Hay, H. R., 1939, pp. 126-130. (No hazard from arsene gas.
Koro, C. A., 1934, 2d ed., p. 17. (Relation moisture to production arsene.)
1934a, pp. 47-50. (Arsenic not a termite barrier.
Korom; C. A., et al. 1934) 2d ed., »p: 582. (Arsenic hazard.)
Kororp, C. A., Srouuer, R., and Henoeg, E.C., 1934, 2d ed., pp. 766-771. (Hazard where arsenic used in dwellings.)
Kreer, J. G., 1936, pp. 38-40. (No health haz- ard.
Snyper, T. E., 1950, pp. 12-14. (No health hazard.)
1952b, pp. 34, 48. (No health hazard when used as soil poison, wallboard poison, or wood preservative.)
BACTERIA
ANONYMOUS, 1930a, pp. 172-173. (Symbiosis in decomposing cellulose.)
Batpaccl, E., in VIsINTIN, I94I-1942, pp. 157- 159, 1941. (Schizomycetes or Protozoa in digestion cellulose?)
Batpacci, E., and Verona, O., 1940, pp. 592- 593. (Presence of Cytophaga and Cell- vibrio in digestive systems Reticulitermes lucifugus and Calotermes flavicollis.)
Becxwitn, T. D., and Licut, S. F., 1927, pp. 656-657. (Spirals Vibrio and Spiro- chaeta for class use.)
BeckwitH, T. D., and Ross, E. J., 1929, p. 4. (Cellulose digestion by organisms from the termite gut.)
Bequaert, J., 1925, pp. 289-294. (Two types spirochaetes in intestines Neotermes.) Brugs, C. T., and Dunn, R. C., 1945, pp. 336- 337. (Treatments with penicillin and sulpha drugs indicate bacteroids are sym- biotic in cockroaches and Mastotermes.)
Bucuner, P., 1928, pp. 1-64. (Symbiosis and wood nutrition.)
Crevetanp, L. R., 1926, pp. 51-60. (Spiro- chaetes in intestines Termitidae digest cellulose.)
1928, pp. 231-237. (U.S., relation of spiro- chaetes to termites and to intestinal Protozoa.)
Damon, S. R., 1926, pp. 31-36. (Spirochaetes of termites.)
Dickman, A., 1931, pp. 85-92. (Spirochaetes in gut Reticulitermes and Termopsis, true significance not demonstrated, ability in- testinal flora to digest cellulose.)
Ercene, S., 1949, pp. 49-70. (Calotermes flavicollis, role bacteria in assimilation and fixation of atmospheric nitrogen.)
Guipin1, G. M., 1941, pp. 103-113. (Bacteria do not have prevailing role in digestion of cellulose.)
Guipini, G. M., and Arcuettt, I., 1939, pp. 125-140. (The spirochaetes of Reticuli- termes lucifugus.)
1941, pp. 55-62. (The spirochaetes of Italian termites.)
GoetscH, W., OrrHaus, K., and Toru, L., 1944, p. 48. (Symbiosis bacteria and termites.)
Henperson, J. C., 1941, pp. 357-378. (Bacteria in intestine Cubitermes, Africa.
Hirst, L. F., 1933, pp. 47-48. (Ceylon, bac- teria associated with dry-wood termites that might cause sprue.)
Horianpe, A. C., 1922, p. 23. (Spirochaetes of termites, process of division, formation of schizoplast.)
Huneatst, R. E., 1936, pp. 240-249. (Role bacteria in cellulose decomposition in nutrition of Zootermopsis.)
Jinovec, O., 1929, pp. 346-356. (Greece, “Calo- termes” (sic!) lucifugus, bacteria and spirochaetes, cocci and vibrios.)
Jucci, C., 1932, pp. 1422-1429. (Bacteriocytes in fatty tissue, symbiotic.)
1952, p. 837. (Bacteriocytes in fatty tis- sue, symbiotic, Masotermes darwiniensis, phylogenesis.)
Kirsy, H., Jr., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. OI, 97-
4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Kocu, A., 1938, pp. 81-90. (Mycetocytes of Mastotermes identical with those of cock- roaches; absence of symbiotic bacteria in other primitive termites shows loss early in evolution of termites from blattids; life cycle bacteria, during the nymphal stage mycetocytes wander from fat body empty bacteria into egg tubes; later eggs infected from last infected egg-chamber.)
1938a, pp. 584-609. (Intracellular symbiosis bacteria in Mastotermes.)
Koro, C. A., 1934, 2d ed., pp. 5, 6.
Licut, S. F., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., p. 203. (Number large bacteria in intestines Amz- termes.)
VOL. 130
Prrrantont, U., 1936, pp. 135-173. (Bacteria present in large numbers within Protozoa of Calotermes flavicollis and Reticuli- termes lucifugus.)
Ranpat, M., and Doopy, T. C., 72 Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., p. 100.
Roserts, J. L., 1935, pp. 229-237. (Bacillus rotans on agar plates streaked with ex- creta termites; young colonies bacteria exhibit rapid migratory mobility or rotary motion when growing on nutrient agar.)
Snyper, T. E., 1935¢, p. 82.
1948, p. 97. (Role bacteria and fungi ob- scure.
SremnHaus, E, A., 1940, pp. 17-57. (Relation- ships between bacteria and insects.)
BAITS, POISON, See SOIL POISONS BALANCE OF NATURE
Cory, E. N., 1939, pp. 36-38. (Reticulitermes flavipes an object lesson.) Snyper, T. E., 1925f, p. 32. (Advancing civi- lization changes habits.) 1929d, pp. 143-151. (Advancing civilization changes habits, invasion man’s dwellings due to disturbance balance of nature.)
BEES, STINGLESS,
Darwin, C. R., 1874, pp. 553-556. (Fr. Miil- ler’s researches on termites and honey bees.)
Ducxe, A., 1902, pp. 285-328. dallatorreana, Brazil.
InERING, H. von, 1902, p. 23. (Trigona in
(Melipona
1935¢, p- 99. (Advancing civilization changes habits, invasion man’s dwellings due to disturbance balance of nature.)
1948, pp. 111-116, 120-121. (Advancing civilization changes habits, invasion man’s dwellings due to disturbance balance of nature, cycles of activity.)
ASSOCIATION WITH
Mutter, Fr., 1874, pp. 308-309.
ScHwarz, H. F., 1948, pp. 14-15, 78, 89, 219, 299-300, 310-312, 326, 333, 337-338, 352, 404, 409, 489, 495-496, 499. (Trigona, tropical America.)
Snyper, T. E., 1948, p. 109. (Trigona, Pan-
symbiosis in nests.) ama. 1903, pp. 179-287. (Meliponid nests in ter- mite nests.) BEHAVIOR
Anprews, E. A., 1911, pp. 193-228. (Jamaica.) Anprews, E. A., and Mippteton, A. R., rgIT, pp. 26-34. (Rhythmic activity in colonies.) Carpenter, G. D. H., 1936, pp. 93-94. (Fe- males dragging males, abdomens of for- mer penetrated by mandibles of latter, during courtship, Tanganyika.) Emerson, A. E., 1929, pp. 24-30. (Social life.) 1933, Pp. 125-129. (Fight between two queens in captivity.) 1933a, p. 61. (Mechanics of tandem be- havior.) 1937, p. 56. (Nests, study of the phylogeny of behavior.) 1938, pp. 247-284. (Nesting habits various families termites.)
1953a, pp. 277-304. (Biological foundations of ethics.
Ernst, E., 1952, pp. 257-259. (Amatory pro- cedure, Kalotermes flavicollis.)
Futter, C., 1915a, pp. 329-504. (South Africa, calling attitude females Termes on grass stems.)
Goetscu, W., 1936b (1935), pp. 51-61. (Ex- periments in behavior.
GRABENSBERGER, W., 1933, Pp. 1-54. (Reticuli- termes lucifugus.)
Grassk, P. P., 1939b, pp. 251-262. (Soldier caste.)
1952€, Pp. 323-331. (Observations on be- havior.
WHOLE VOL.
Grassé, P. P., and Norror, C., 1951, pp. 146- 166. (Anoplotermes and Trinervitermes.)
Hineston, R. W. G., 1928, pp. 717-725. (Spe- cial senses, foraging Eutermes biformis.)
Imus, A. D., 1931, pp. 67-82. (Social be- havior.)
Katsuoven, L. G. E., 1935, pp. 21-22. (Odor swarming Schedorhinotermes javanicus, habits.)
Koenic, J. G., 1779, pp. 1-28.
Kororp, C. A., 1934, 2d ed., pp. 8-12.
Koro, C. A., et al., 1934, 2d ed., pp. 1-734.
Liscuer, M., 1949, pp. 161-165. (Continuous laboratory observations.)
1951b, pp. 404-408. (Determination substi- tute reproductives, Calotermes flavicollis.)
1952, pp. 123-141. (Production and elimina- tion substitute reproductives, C. flavi- collis.)
1953, pp. 74-76, 78. (Reproductives.)
MicuHener, C. D., 1953, pp. 1-15. (Develop- ment social behavior and communica- tion.)
Mutter, E. M., 1940, pp. 136-147. (Chemical integrative mechanisms in insect socie- ties.)
Myers, J. G., 1938, pp. 7-8. (Epigamic be- havior Microtermes sudanensis, biting fe- male during courtship.)
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 5
Ricuarp, G., 1948, pp. 356-357. (Calotermes flavicollis, mature nymphs photopositive, immature photonegative.)
1949b, pp. 67-73. (Phototropism.) 1951, pp. 485-603. (Phototropism, C. flavi- collis.
Roserts, T. W., 1942, pp. 340-412. cal activities.)
ScHneirLa, T. C. 1944, pp. 1-5. (South-cen- tral Florida, colonies of as many as 4 to 5 ant species found together with termites, apparently in “plesiobiosis,” nesting to- gether in a single dead pine in flooded ground—approaching symbiosis.)
Snyper, T. E., 1915, p. 49. (Amatory pro- cedure.)
1924c, pp. 1-14. (Adaptions to social life.)
1935C, pp. 4-5. (Tropisms, reversal during and after swarm.)
1948, pp. 53-54. (Tropisms, reversal during and after swarm, amatory procedure.)
Snyper, T. E., and Popenog, E. P., pp. 153- 158. (Founding new colonies Reticuli- termes flavipes, US.)
Wess, J. E., 1952a, p. 643. (Swarming be- havior.)
1953, pp. 23-24. (Swarming behavior.)
(Ecologi-
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Buenion, E., 1914c, pp. 1-8. (Bugnion bib- liography.)
Griffin, F, J., 1951, pp. 261-368. (1758-1949, covers world.)
Hacen, H. A., 1849, pp. 27-30. (New litera- ture on Neuroptera.)
1855*, pp. 1-144, 270-325. (Covers world.)
Hecu, E., 1922, pp. 715-748. (Covers world.)
Koro, C. A., et al., 1934, 2d ed., pp. 772-781. (Covers world.)
Luicion1, S. O. P., 1931, pp. 493-508. (E. Wasmann bibliography.)
Snyper, T. E., 1949b, pp. 458-490. (Taxo- nomic bibliography, living and fossil ter-
1862b, pp. 342-343. (Covers world.) mites.) BIOGRAPHY Griffin, F. J., 1942, pp. 1-19. (Henry Smeath- man.) BIOLOGY Assott, R. L., 1947, pp. 88-90. (Habits ; Attson, A. M., 1933, pp. 33-37- (Rhodesia,
soldier.) Apamson, A. M., 1941, pp. 411-414. (Cages for study habits.) Avsarpa, H., 1886, pp. 13-14. (Termes gilvus.) Avsertis, L. M. D’., 1881, p. 229. (New Guinea.) armen WC... et ial,
(Ecology.)
1949, pp. 716-727.
association ‘termites and dipterous larvae in tree holes.)
Anprews, E, A., 1911, pp. 193-228. (Jamaica, Eutermes ripperti, rate of locomotion I5 mm, per second; tubes built of vege- table fiber and sand cemented with anal discharges, 1 ft. of destroyed tube can be replaced over night. Soldiers ratio to
6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
worker 9 to 1; 4 queens to 1 or 2 males. Respiratory needs slight. Hostility to alien termites.)
ANNANDALE, N., 1923, pp. 233-251. (Barkuda, India.)
ANonyMous, 1766, p. 395.
1863-1870, pp. 737-743, 753-759, 769-774, 785-791, 801-807, 817-820; 1870, pp. 556- 558.
1863a, Pp. 94-95.
1877, Pp. 51-52.
1894, p. 140. (Termes taprobanes.)
1900, pp. 170-177.
1907, p. 26123. (Australia.)
1919, p. 873. (India.)
1929, p. 277. (India.)
1934, p. 16. (Indiana.)
1935, p. 178. (Number castes in mound nest in Australia: 1,561,400 workers, 201,- ooo soldiers, 44,100 nymphs.)
1945, pp. 1-14. (Cawnpore, India.)
1950, pp. 1-4. (Australia.)
1950a, pp. 1-43. (South Africa.)
1950c, p. 16. (Difference between ants and termites.)
Bacot, A., 1900, p. 309.
Baker, E. C. S., 1931, pp. 34-37. (Nesting association between birds, wasps, and ants, Orient.)
Banks, N., and Snyper, T. E., 2205. US»)
Barser, H. G., 1914, p. 73. (U.S., finding of another queen.)
Barrow, Sir JouHN, 1801, pp. 74-401. Africa.)
Bates, H. W., 1854, p. 333. (Natural history.)
1855-1858, zn Hagen, pp. 270-287. (Ama- zon.
1864, p. 128. (Amazon, copulation on ground not in midair.)
BATHELLIER, J., 1922, pp. 477-479. (Role of soldier of Eutermes matangensis.)
1923, PP. 403-409. (Nest of Eutermes ma- tangensis with nest of Microtermes.)
1927. (Macrotermes gilvus, pp. 258-269; Eutermes matangensis, pp. 279-293.)
1942, pp. 181-182. (Neoteinic reproductives of Reticulitermes lucifugus survived in laboratory while normal forms died.)
BEALL, G., 1931, pp. 33-35. (Habits Termopsis angusticollis, T. nevadensis, and Reticuli- termes hesperus in British Columbia.)
Beatty, J., 1953, pp. 20-22. (1951 flood at Kansas City submerged termites for 7 days, were not killed.)
Becker, G., 1952, pp. 270-273. (Copulation Calotermes flavicollis.)
1920*, pp. 87-
(South
Besse, W., 1916, pp. 114, 116. (Termites in jungle debris.)
BeEson, C. F. C., 1941a, pp. 524-553. (India, vernacular names; queen lays 30,000 eggs per day—roo million eggs in 10 years, queen 2 to 4 in. long, 20,000 times vol-
ume of worker; Cyclotermes does not
have supplementary queens, if royal pair removed, colony may not extend to 9 months. Normal colony may persist for 12 years. Dates swarming, winged Neo- termes and Glyptotermes may take 7 to 4 years to develop.)
Brum, H. W., 1950, pp. 3-7.
Bett, T., 1873, pp. 142-143. (Nicaragua, sud- den death termites in nests in roof of house in June.)
Bequaert, J., 1913, Pp. 396-431. Africa.
1921, pp. 194-196. (Congo, Africa, 3 queens in royal cell, 3 in. long.) 1925, pp. 289-294. (Amazon.)
BEQuaERT, J., et al., 1926, pp. 129-183. (Ama- zon.)
1930, pp. 819-823. (Liberia and Belgian Congo.
Bere, C., 1880, pp. 1-16. (Argentine.)
BERNARD, F., 1954, pp. 104-111. (Sahara desert, role termites.)
Berrziecu-Beta, H., 1860, pp. 244-245, 260- 262.
Busine, S. W., 1954, pp. 48, 56. (General.)
1954a, pp. 30, 32. (General.)
BLackBurn, T., 1884, p. 413. (Hawaii.)
Brake, C. H., 1937, pp. 3-9. (Reticulitermes flavipes, New England.)
Bianprorp, W. F, H., 1897, pp. 517-518. (So- cial system, India.
1898, pp. 529-532. (Social system, India.)
Buizporp, P. A., 1941, pp. 49-52. (Migration queens, Netherlands Indies.)
Bérscue, N., 1931, p. 79. (Termite state.)
Borror, D. J., and DeLone, D. M., 1954, pp. 143-150. (General.)
Bouvier, E. L., 1918, p. 299. (Superorganism.)
1926, p. 291. (Communism.)
Braptey, J. C., 1919, pp. 356-377; 403- oe 514-526. (Localities where Prof. W Wheeler collected termites.)
BranneRr, J. C., 1910, pp. 24-25. (Luminosity of termites.)
1g10a, p. 342. (Luminosity of termites.)
Bren, A. E., 1853-1855. (North East Africa,
1847-1852.) 1884, pp. 522-534. 1892, pp. 560-573.
(Congo,
VOL. 130.
| |
|
WHOLE VOL.
Brown, A. A., 1936, pp. 1-46. (California, Zootermopsis moisture requirements 220 (waterlogged) to 13.35%.)
Brown, W. G., 1806, pp. 206, 303. (Africa, 1792-1798.)
Bruce, J., 1790, p. 167. (Nile, Africa, 1768- 1773-)
Bryan, W. A., 1915, pp. 402, 425. (Hawaii.)
Bucuui, H. H. R. 1950, pp. 1697-1699. (Parthenogenesis, relation between sexes and their influence on oviposition, in Re- ticulitermes lucifugus.)
1950a, pp. 145-160. (Foundation new colo- nies, Reticulitermes lucifugus, swarming not necessary, feed on wood while rearing first brood.)
Bucktey, S. B., 1863*, pp. 212-215. (Termes tubiformans and Eutermes cinereus, SW. Texas.)
Buenion, E., 1909, pp. 509-511. (Eutermes monoceros, Ceylon.
IQI0, pp. 271-281. (Eutermes monoceros, Ceylon.)
1gI0a, pp. 129-144. (Industry, Ceylon.)
1giob, pp. 103-105. (Ceylon.)
1913b, pp. 119-123. (Ceylon, Eutermes monoceros.)
IQ13C, pp. 125-135. (Sound production.)
1913f, pp. 24-58. (Ceylon, distribution.)
1914b, pp. 170-204. (Ceylon.)
1917, pp. 1-9. (Instructions for collecting termites.)
1920, pp. 49-51. (Reticulitermes lucifugus in the Pyrenees.)
1927, pp. 1-44. (Origin of instinct, war be- tween ants and termites.)
1933, Pp. 195-206. (Eutermes monoceros, Ceylon.)
Buenion, E., and Ferrizre, C., 1911, pp. 417- 437. (Eutermes monoceros, Ceylon.
Ig1ta, pp. 97-106. (Ceylon, Coptotermes flavus neoteinic female.)
Buenion, E., Pororr, N., and Ferrrtkre, C., 1911, pp. 86-96. (Termes ceylonicus.) BurcuEL1, W. J., 1822, pp. 446, 448. (South-
ern Africa.)
BurcrEon, L., 1931, pp. 100-113. Congo.)
1938, p. 104. natalensis, termes.)
ButTEL-REEPEN, H. von, 1912, pp. 97-103. (Ceylon.)
Caitiiaup, F., 1823, p. 398. (Africa, 1819- 1822.)
Catuior, J., 1877, pp. 392-397. (South Ameri- can termite.
(Belgian
(Belgian Congo, Termes Acanthotermes, and Cubi-
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 7
CatvertT, A. S., and Catvert, P. P., 1917, pp. 269, 292, 204, 304, 370, 372, 403, 424, 454. (Costa Rica.)
Caron, P. G., 1918, pp. 58-61. (Cuba.)
Cart, J., 1933, pp. 97-100. (Woody, sub- spherical mass in nest; purpose, food?)
Carpenter, G. D. H., 1936, pp. 93-94. (Tan- ganyika Terr., courtship, females drag- ging males, abdomen of former being penetrated by mandibles of latter.)
Carter, A., 1949, pp. 2-5. (U.S., undercover insect.)
Casati, G., 1891, p. 165. (Equatorial Africa, destroy queen and destroy colony.) CastLz, G. B., 72 Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., 273- 291. (Zootermopsis, North America.) Cuaittu, DuP., 1868, p. 314. (Equatorial
Africa.)
1871, pp. 115-142. (Apingi.)
Cuaing, J., 1913a, pp. 650-653. (Foundation colonies by winged and supplementary reproductives in suitable “island” environ- mental areas.)
CuapmMan, A., 1921, pp. 330-335. (Sudan.)
CueErVINsKy, K. K., 1897a, pp. 199-202.
Cuoparp, L., 1951, pp. 1-359. (General.)
CraMpo.inI, M., 1954, pp. 291-300. (Tuscany, biology and damage to living woody shrubs or trees.)
Cipriani, L., 1932, pp. 126-131. (Rhodesia.)
Ciark, A. H., 1925, pp. 53, 67, 75-77, 105. (General.)
CLEcHoRN, J., 1896, pp. 527-533. (Orissa, India, queens 4 in. long, % in. in diame- ter, substitute queens.)
CLEMENT, G., 1953, pp. 95-116. (Polymorph- ism Psammotermes hybostoma.)
1954, pp. 194-198. (Anacanthotermes ochra- ceus, Sahara, nests, chambers, variation in temperatures. )
Crements, W. B., 1953, p. 28. (U.S., multi- ple tunnels subterranean termites.)
Coaton, W. G. H., 1937, pp. 249-252. (South Africa, Hodotermes.
1943, pp. 346-350. (South Africa, Hodo- termes.
1947, pp. 130-177. (South Africa, keys based on nesting habits.)
1948, pp. 1-19. (South Africa, Trinervt- termes.
1948a, pp. 97-108. (South Africa, harvester termites,
1948b, pp. 1-18. (South Africa, Crypto- termes brevis.)
1948c, pp. 259-267. (South Africa, Hodo- termes, harvester.)
1948d, pp. 1-38. (South Africa, Hodo- termes, Microhodotermes, harvester.)
8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
1949b, pp. 13-77. (South Africa, Hodo- termitidae and Kalotermitidae.) Comes, S., 1905, pp. 199-202. (Reticulitermes lucifugus, France.) Comstock, J. H., 1880, pp. 207-208. flavipes, US.) 1924, pp. 273-280. (R. flavipes, U.S. and general; gth rev. ed. 1940.) Comstock, J. H., and Comstock, A. B., 1895, pp. 95-97. (T. flavipes, U.S. and general.) Corsett, G. H., and Mitter, N. C. E., 1936, pp. 1-12. (T. javanicus and Microtermes pallidus in Malaya.) CorneEttus, C., 1857, pp. 20-44. Cory, E. N., 1948, pp. 1-4. (Social insects are totalitarian.)
Cosar, H. G., 1934, pp. 5-36. (Africa, by regions, 500 species, Sjostedt, 1925.) Costa Lrma, A. DA, 1939, pp. 263-327. (Bra-
zil.) Corrs, E. C., 1894, p. 140. (Termes tapro- banes forms figured, India.) CoupENHovE, H., 1922, p. 324. Coupin, H., 1913, pp. 321-322. termes lucifugus, France.) Crorx, E. pe La, 1900, pp. 22-23. (Termes carbonarius.) Cunna, O. R., 1927, pp. 223-228. (Brazil.) CzeErvinskI, K. K. See Cuervinsky, K. K.
CE:
(Reticult-
DAMMERMAN, K. W., 1913a, pp. 230-243. (Java.)
Dance, C. D., 1881, pp. 159-161. (British Guiana.)
Decranppré, L., 1801, p. 19 (West Coast Africa.)
DeEvLaMarE-DEBOUTTEVILLE, C., 1948b, pp. 347- 352. (Habits of Zorotypus and relation to termites.)
1954, pp. 129-133. (Habits of Zorotypus, relation to termites.)
Derapiane, W. K., 1953, pp. 39-40. (US., subterranean termites infesting building without ground contact—water leak.)
Deoras, P. J., 1945, p. 107. (Poona, India.)
D’Escayac, pE Lauture, 1853, pp. 85, 352. (Sudan.)
Desneux, J., 1906, pp. 393-407. (General.)
1918*, pp. 298-312. (Africa, Apicotermes nest.
1923. (Social life, general habits, pp. 135- 142; Foundation colonies by winged, pp. 17-24.)
1948, pp. 1-54. (Subterranean nests Apico- termes, tropical Africa.)
Dietz, H. F., and Snyper, T. E., 1924, pp. 279-302. (Panama and Canal Zone, nests, flights.)
VOL. 130
Dover, C., and Matuovr, R. N., 1934, pp. 1-20. (Indian wood-destroying termites.)
Dun ey, P. H., and Beaumont, J., 1889*, pp. 85-114. (Panama.)
1889a*, pp. 56-70, 111-112. (Eutermes, Calo- termes, Panama.)
1890*, pp. 157-180. (Nasutitermes; how to distinguish genera by nests and galleries in wood, Panama, p. 158.)
1890a*, pp. 102-118. (Panama; new genus Milesnasitermes, synonym Eutermes, p. 109.)
Dumiéri, C., 1828, pp. 173-180. (General.)
Duncan, C. D., 1939. (California, science guide for elementary schools.)
Du Piessis, C., 1931a, pp. 1-7. (South Africa.)
1935, PP. 423-425. (South Africa.)
Duranb, J. B. L., 1802, pp. 89, 117. (Senegal.)
Epwarps, W. H., 1938, pp. 7-24. (Jamaica.)
Enruorn, E. M., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., Pp. 321-333. (Hawaii.)
Emerson, A. E., 1919, p. 275. (Kartabo, British Guiana.
1926, pp. 69-100. (Development soldier Constrictotermes cavifrons, British Gui- ana, from workerlike form, smaller form with larger frontal gland; radical changes in structure and habits during meta- morphosis. Improbable that these two sterile castes had separate phylogenetic origins from sexual caste. Worker of higher termites has evolved from nymph of soldier caste.)
1929, pp. 24-30. (Social life.)
1937, p. 56. (Nests, phylogeny of behavior.)
1937b, pp. 249-254. (Social organization.)
1938, pp. 247-284. (Nests, phylogeny of behavior.)
1939, pp. 182-209. (Social coordination and the superorganism.)
1942a, pp. 163-176. (Basic comparisons human and insect societies.)
1942b, pp. 71-77
1943, pp. 97-118. (Ecology, evolution, and society.
1947, Pp. 337-345. (Why termites? Popu- ations undergo evolution guided by natural selection to supraorganisms.)
Emerson, A. E., in Allee et al., 1949. (Rate egg laying, p. 272; general, pp. 420-426, 635, 645-646, 692, 701.)
1951, pp. 149-160. (Belgian Congo.)
1952, pp. 217-235. (Biogeography.)
1952a, pp. 333-354. (Supraorganism.)
1952b, pp. 489, 510. (Procornitermes and Cornitermes.)
Emerson, A. E., and Fis, E., 1937, pp. 1-127. (General.)
| } } ) |
WHOLE VOL.
Emery, C., 1893, pp. 758-766. (Résumé of Grassi and Sandias, 1893-1894.)
Escuericu, K., 1908, pp. 513-518. (General, tropical, nests, cultivation fungi, different types soldiers.)
1908a, pp. 247-248. (Erythraea.)
1909, pp. xii+198. (General.)
1909a, pp. 1-5. (Colony life.)
1909b, pp. 136-318. (Tropics.)
1909¢, pp. 16-27. (Tropics, fungus culti- vators.)
1910, pp. 199-201. (General.)
IQII*, pp. Xxxii-+262. (Ceylon.)
Essic, E. O., 1926, pp. 112-119. (Western US.)
1931, pp. 96-97. (Western U.S.)
1942, pp. 159-173. (World.)
Puner, W. F., 1953, p.' 52: (U-S.) 2/4-in. length of shelter tube repaired by Re- ticulitermes in 1 hr. and 5 min.)
Fasricius, J. C., 1775, pp. 177-180. differentiation.)
Famcuizp, D., 1922, pp. 131-145. (Panama.)
Faircuitp, D. G., and Faircuip, M., 1914, pp. 210-211. (Termes flavipes habits, USS., soldier figured.)
Fennan, R. G., 1951, pp. 97-113. (Trinidad and Tobago.)
Fenton, F. A., 1952, p. 16. (Termes belli- cosus queen lays 30,000 eggs per day, 10 million per year, 100 million in the average 10-year life period of queen.)
FerriErE, C., 1923, pp. 279-280. (Ceylon.)
Frytaup, J., 1910, pp. 842-844. (Reticuli- termes lucifugus, France, foundation colo- nies by winged.)
IQII, pp. 150-160. (Reticulitermes lucifu- gus, France.)
1912, pp. 481-607. (Reticulitermes lucifu- gus, France, foundation colonies by winged.)
1914, pp. 5-8, 41-46, 144-149. (France.)
1915, pp. 65-68, 82-84. (Reticulitermes lucifugus, flights.)
1920, pp. 1287-1288. (Reticulitermes lucifu- gus, king and queen.)
1920a, pp. 203-206. (Reticulitermes lucifu- gus, reproductive forms, young colonies.)
1920c, pp. 160-164. (Reticulitermes lucifu- gus, reproductive forms.)
1921, pp. 1-135. (Reticulitermes lucifugus, social habits.)
1924a, pp. 550-551. (Reticulitermes lucifu- gus, France.
1925*, pp. 161-169. (Reticulitermes lucifu- gus, races of.)
1946, pp. 1-128. (General.)
1949, pp. 1-128. (General.)
(Sex
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 9
1949b, pp. 287-289. (General.)
1950, pp. 380-381. (Reticulitermes of France. (Neoteinic reproductive forms in Italy, macropterous reproductives de- rived from winged normal in France; R. flavipes, subsp. or var. santonensis con- fused under R. lucifugus.)
1951a, pp. 562-564. (Construction of a subterranean nest.)
1953, pp. 1-158. (General, especially Re- ticulitermes, France.)
Fretcuer, T. B., 1912, pp. 219-239. (India.)
1914, pp. 8, 18, 50, 139-140, 541. (India.)
Foa, E., 1895, pp. 651-653. (South Africa.)
Forsom, J. W., 1909, pp. 316-321. (General.)
Forses, H. O., 1885, pp. 1-536. (Eastern Archipelago.)
Forses, S. A., 1895, pp. 190-204. (Illinois, Us.)
Foret, A., 1887, pp. 297-300. (T. bellicosus in Transvaal.)
1928, appendix. (Social life.)
Forskat, P., 1775, p. 96. (Orient.)
Foxworth, F. E., and Wootry, H. W., 1930, pp. 1-60. (Malaya.)
Freise, F., 1949, pp. 145-154. (Significance in tropical forests, Brazil.) FreissE, F, W., 1940, pp. 49-50.
forest, tropical Brazil.
Froceatt, W. W., 1895*, pp. 415-538. (Aus- tralia, nests, 10 supplementary queens from one nest.)
1896*, pp. 510-552. (Australia, protective fluid soldiers Eutermes.)
1897, pp. 297-302. (Australia.)
1897a*, pp. 721-758. (Australia, Termi- tidae.)
1903, pp. 726-730. (Australia, white ant city, mound nests, queens, defense colony by soldiers.)
1913, pp. 1-46. (Australia.)
1926a, pp. 318-320. (Australia, Porotermes adamsoni, in hoop pine.)
Futtaway, D. T., 1920a, p. 249. (Hawaii, small colony Cryptotermes with laying queen.)
1921, pp. 456-457. (Cryptotermes brevis in Hawaii.
1925, p. 19. (Notes on Cryptotermes and Coptotermes in Hilo, Hawaii.)
1926, pp. 68-88. (Hawaii.)
1927, pp. 170-176. (Hawaii.)
1929, pp. 79-80, 82-92. (Hawaii.)
1929b, pp. 205, 210. (Hawaii, Kauai, Copto- termes.
1931, p. 8. (Cryptotermes and Coptotermes on Lanai, Hawaii.)
(Role in
Io SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Furter, C., 1912a, pp. 345-369, 543-571.
(Natal, South Africa.)
1915, pp. 60-64. (Termite economy, South Africa.
1915a, pp. 329-504. (South Africa, court- ship.)
1918, pp. 16-20. termites.)
1919a, pp. 301-303. (South Africa, harvest- ing termites.)
1921, pp. 462-466, 142-147. (South Africa.)
1921a, pp. 101-103. (South Africa.)
1921-1922, pp. 14-52, 70-131. (South Africa.)
(South Africa, ants and
1925, pp. 269-276. (Zululand, South Africa.) Gatrinara, S., 1953, pp. 30, 32-34. (Ter- mites. ) Gay, F. J., 1952, pp. 127-128. (A rare in- tercaste in Mucrocerotermes serratus
(Frogg.), Australia.)
Geicy, R., and Ernst, E., 1951, pp. 414-420. (Kalotermes flavicollis, gradual increase in length life individuals raised under increasing humidity. Reticulitermes lu- cifugus and Nasutitermes arborum? in- dividuals showed significant increase in length life only at 70% R. H. or higher. Nasutitermes workers more resistant when with soldiers than when isolated. K. flavicollis showed greater resistance to drying than other species. Results cor- related with humidity normal habitats.)
Geyer, J. W. C., 1950, pp. 106-107. (Her- maphrodites, Neotermes zuluensis, South Africa.)
1951, PP. 233-325. (Neotermes, South Af- rica, hermaphrodites i in termites, oocytes and spermatozoa in testes reproductives but not in soldiers.)
Guipint, G. M., 1937*, pp. 633-635. (R. lu- cifugus metamorphosis.
1938, pp. 95-109. (R. lucifugus meta- morphosis nymph soldier.)
1938a, pp. 25-36. (R. lucifugus metamorpho- sis apterous neoteinic reproductives.)
GoEtiner, E. J., 1931*, pp. 227-234. (Reticu- litermes, Chicago area.
Gésswatp, K., 1943, pp. 297-316. (Colony development in laboratory.)
1951, pp. 587-589. (General.)
1954, pp. 59-65. (The termite state.)
GoertscH, W., 1933*, pp. 227-244. (Calo- termes, Chile.
1936, pp. 490-560. (Calotermes, Chile, and Calotermes flavicollis from Mediterra- nean, C. gracilignathus, from Juan Fer- nandez and Reticulitermes lucifugus from Mediterranean. Artificial colonies, glass
VOL. 130
vials, cork stoppers. No dealation if no flight. C. flavicollis all castes, including substitute reproductives, appeared within 9 months. Over old paths follow straight path, smell trail. C. chilensis utilizes ground.)
1936a, pp. 371-376. (Termite state.)
1936b, pp. 51-61. (Experiments in be- havior.)
1941a, pp. 194-195. (Colony formation, sub- stitute reproductives in Calotermes flavt- collis can replace primary pair.)
1942, pp. 3-10. (Termite state.)
1951, pp. 64-98. (Italy, Kalotermes, Re- ticulitermes.)
1953, pp. 1-482. (General.)
Goipperry, S. M. X., 1802, pp. (Africa.)
Goopman, A., 1950, pp. 323-325.
GouneLte, E., 1900, pp. 168-169. (American termites. )
GrapojEvic, M., 1929, pp. 1-16. (Reticuli- termes lucifugus, southern Serbia.) Grassk, P. P., 1937, pp. 1677-1679. (Aberrant
spermatogenesis, Metatermitidae.)
1938a, pp. 195-196. (False nests of Anoplo- termes on Ivory Coast.)
1945, pp. 115-141. (Bellicositermes natalen- sis, No intraspecific hostility observed on introduction new queens to royal cham- ber, peristaltic movements in old queens ensure efficient circulation.)
1949, pp. 408-544. (General, nests; colonies Kalotermitidae 12 to 15 years old; Macro- termes 85, Nasutitermes 93; reproductives may change during this time.)
1952, pp. 32-43. (Effect of the group.)
1952d, pp. 7-17. (Physiology of societies.)
GrassE, P. P., and BonneEvILtE, P., 1935, pp.
127-149.
289-291. (Nonutilized sexed, Protermi- tidae.) 1935a, pp. 474-491. (Nonutilized sexed,
Protermitidae.) 1936, p. 1009-1010. (Spermatogenesis (aber- rant) Bellicositermes natalensis.) Grassé, P. P., and Norrot, C., 1948, pp. 735- 73 (Habits Apicotermes arquieri, Nn.
ioe: pp. 781-783. (Foundation colonies.)
1949, pp. 149-166. (Nest and_ biology Sphaerotermes sphaerothorax.)
1950, pp. 117-143. (Habits Odontotermes magdalenae, n. sp.)
1951, pp. 146-166. (Migration, splitting up and foundation colonies Anoplotermes and Trinervitermes.)
1951a, pp. 273-280. (Orientation of courses of Odontotermes magdalenae detected by
WHOLE VOL.
pellets of earth, while the trail of Trz- nervitermes is marked by excrement; role of odor in repairing trails.)
1952, pp. 291-342. (Macrotermitinae, fun- gus growers.)
1955, Pp. 345-388. (Africa, Apicotermes arquiert.
Grass£, P. P., Norrot, C., Clement, G., and
Bucuut, H., 1950, pp. 892-895. (Signifi- cance of the worker caste.
Grasst, B., 1887, pp. 75-80. (Calotermes flavicollis.) 1888, pp. 139-147. (Substitute reproduc- tives.
1888a, p. 63. (Substitute reproductives.)
1888b, pp. 615-618. (Substitute reproduc- tives.)
1889, pp. 213-219, 229. (Substitute reproduc- tives colony formation, Catania, Sicily.)
1892, pp. 33-36. (Colony life.)
Grassi, B., and Axot, A., 1885, p. 148. (Calo- termes flavicollis, Sicily.)
Grassi, B., and Sanpias, A., 1893, pp. 1-76. (T. lucifugus, Sicily, no true queen, al- though occurs in colonies in France.)
1896, pp. 245-322. (Sicily.)
1897, pp. 1-75. (Transl. by W. F. H. Bland- ford 1893 paper, Calotermes flavicollis and T. lucifugus, Catania, Sicily.)
Green, E. A., 1908, pp. 75-82. (Ceylon.)
1913, pp. 7-15. (Ceylon, list species.)
Grécorr®, C., 1953, pp. 391-393. (Coagulation of hemdlymphe of Eutermes?)
1954, pp. 117-119. (Coagulation of heméd- lymphe of Kalotermes flavicollis and Reticulitermes lucifugus.)
Grieve, R., 1900, pp. 1-11. (Queensland.)
Guentuer, K., 1913, pp. 220-223. (Ceylon.)
GueERIN-MENEVILLE, F. E., 1842, pp. 278-279.
1844, Pp. 392-393.
Gunoiacu, J., 1886, pp. 204-208. (Cuba.)
1894, p. 264. (Puerto Rico.)
Gunn, J. W., 1946, p. 62. (California, U.S.)
Gupta, S. D., 1953a, pp. 705-712. (Odonto- termes obesus, India, deserted royal cham- bers, directional position queen, size queen relative to mound size.)
Haarer, A. E., 1953, pp. 158-161. (Habits colony.
Hacen, H. A., 1852, pp. 53-75.
1855*, pp. 1-144, 270-325. (General, ref-
erences. 1858*, pp. 4-342. (Calotermes flavicollis, pp. 54-61.)
1862a, pp. 218-220.
1876, p. 62. (Queen, T. flavipes, Florida.) 1877, p. 73. (California.)
1879a, pp. 121-124. (Jamaica.)
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUB) ECTS—-SNYDER II
1889, pp. 203-208. (Female Eutermes rip- perti.)
Hacen, W. von, 1937, pp. 255-259. (Queen, organization and habits, Ecuador.)
1938, pp. 39-49. (Nasutitermes.) 1942, pp. 489-498, 29-41. (General.)
Hanouirscu, A., 1926, pp. 1-218. (Social in- sects, general.
1930, pp. 840-858. (Social insects, general.) 1939, pp. 1-240. (Fossil.)
HanpscuHin, E., 1933, pp. 384-385. (Mixed colonies, association apparently by suc- cession.)
Harms, J. W., 1927, pp. 221-236. (Macro- termes gilvus, colony formation, swarm- ing not correlated with rainy season, after sunset, during or after rainfall; dispersal prevents inbreeding, sexes males 55%, fe- males 45%. Copulation follows 1 month after pairing, lasts 6 min., first eggs 6 days later, first few eaten, later eggs hatch in 8 to 10 days. Volvaria mycelium may be in earth, cultured. In colony where no king or queen eggs appear after 3 weeks, doubt as to type of replacement reproductives.)
Harpers Famiry Liprary, 1831, pp. 145-161, 150-151. (Africa, queen 20 or 30 thou- sand times the bulk of a worker.)
Harris, W. V., 1936*, pp. 361-368. (Tan- ganyika.)
1940, pp. 62-66. (East Africa, grassland termites. )
1941, pp. 201-205. (East Africa, grassland termites.)
Hartine, P., 1874, pp. 57-58. (After F. Miil- ler, 1874.)
Harvey, P. A., 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 217-233, 239-265. (Kalotermes minor, California.)
Haurt, H., 1929, pp. 41-73. (Insect and hu- man states compared on basis Maeter- linck’s “Life of termites.”)
Havitanp, G. D., 1894, p. viii. (Finding of royal cell in nest.)
1897-1898, pp. 358-442.
Haviranp, G. D., and Suarp, D., 1896, pp. 589-594. (Termites in captivity in Eng- and.)
Hazetuorf, E. H., 1927, pp. 57-82. (T. gilvus, Java, number kings and queens in colo- nies.)
Heatu, H., 1903, pp. 44, 47-63. (Termopsis, California.
1907, pp. 161-164. (Longevity of castes Termopsis angusticollis, California.)
1928, pp. 324-326. (Fertile soldiers, Ter- mopsis, California.)
Iz SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
1931, Pp. 431-432. (Experiments in caste development.
Heatu, H., and Wizzvr, B. C., 1927, pp. 145- 154. (California, Termopsis, only soldier caste developed in first 3 to 4 years or until a population of approx. 450. Young all alike at time of hatching, adult soldier in 6th instar.)
Hecu, E., 1922, pp. 1-756. (World, general.)
Hesse, R., ALLEE, W. C., and Scum, K. P.,
1937. (Approx. 1,600 species in Tropics and sub-Tropics, p. 109; Tropics, 402; rain forests, 431; burrowing habits, nests, savannahs, 466; open lands, feed on grass, nests 9 m. in height, 460; Africa.)
Herrick, L. A., 1953, pp. 31-33. (Reticuli-
termes flavipes, U.S.)
Gisson-Hnt, C. A., 1947, pp. 56-57. (Singa- pore, Eutermes, Coptotermes.)
1950, pp. 149-165. (Kalotermes and Pro- rhinotermes Cocos-Keeling Island.)
Hurt, G., 1921, pp. 1-26. (North Australia.)
1925*, pp. 85-91. (Victoria.)
1925a, pp. 119-124. (Mastotermes dar- winiensis eggs laid in masses loosely cemented together—as in roaches, Aus- tralia.)
1927*, pp. 1-18. (Samoa, Prorhinotermes, apterous, brachypterous reproductives.)
1932, pp. 1-28. (Southeastern Australia.)
1942*, pp. 1-479. (General, Australia and Papuan region.
Hn, J. E., 1946, p. 279. (Shelter tubes.)
Hincstron, R. W. G., 1928, pp. 717-725. (India, Eutermes biformis, superficial excavation few inches deep, nurseries for young. Soldiers remain outside, when nest disturbed, for defense. Workers ac- companied by soldiers make foraging ex- peditions in monsoon evenings.)
Hormeren, N., 1906*, pp. 521-676. (1 true king to 100 substitute queens, Armi- termes neotenicus, p. 574, Bolivia, Peru.)
1908, pp. 125-128. (Inbreeding.)
1909*, pp. 190-203. (Exudate theory, cause caste differentiation.)
Hotway, R. T., 1941, pp. 19-23. built in a day.)
1941a, pp. 389-394. (Tube building by Re- ticulitermes flavipes, New England, tubes rarely constructed upward over walls in open, in East majority constructed down- ward.)
Hooker, J. D., 1855, p. 18. (Himalayan.)
Horne, C., 1871, pp. 1-5.
Howarp, L. O., 1902, p. 5. (Reticulitermes flavipes, true queen will be found in US.)
(Tunnel
VOL. 130
1903, pp. 353-360. (General.)
1931, p. 59. (Diet cellulose.)
Hozawa, S., 1915*, pp. 1-161. Formosa.)
Hussarp, H. G., 1877, pp. 267-274. (Mandib- ulate soldiers (Heterotermes) in nests of Eutermes, Jamaica.) ;
Hupson, G. V., 1892, pp. 107-108. (New Zealand, Stolotermes ruficeps.)
1904, pp. x +102. (New Zealand.)
Huneate, R. E., 1943a, pp. 56-58.
Hunt, E. H., 1910, p. 268-269. (Kuala Lum- pur, queen Termes carbonarius 3 in. long, Termes sulphureus 1% in. long.)
Hux.ey, J., 1930, pp. 1-80. (Stresses funda- mental differences between societies ants, termites, and man.)
TnEr1nc, H. von, 1887*, pp. 1-4. (Brazil, alternation generations.)
1887a*, pp. 179-182. (Brazil, alternation generations, substitute queens of no im- portance.)
Imms, A. D., 1913, p. 241. (Archotermopsis wroughtoni.)
1919, pp. 75-180. (Archotermopsis wrough- toni.
1925, pp. 249-276. (General.)
1930. (General, rev. 1925.)
1934, Pp. 265-292. (General, rev. 1925.)
1931, pp. 1-117. (Social behavior.)
1951, Pp. 33, 291-292, 298. (Social life.)
Innes, F. A., 1928, p. 20. (Cryptotermes lamanianus, Africa.)
Insert, P. E., 1788, p. 279. (Guinea.)
Jacozson, G. G., 1903, pp. 192-193. (Hodo- termes, Turkestan.)
1904*, pp. 57-107. (Termites of Russia.)
1907, Pp. 235-238. (Reticulitermes lucifugus in Caucasia.)
1913, pp. 1-74. (Termites of Russia.)
Jarcer, E. C., 1933, pp. 48-49. (Amitermes and Reticulitermes tibialis in California desert.)
Jenkins, C. F. H., 1941, pp. 22-26. (Perth, West Australia.)
Jepson, F, P., 1936, p. 257. (Winged adults Planocryptotermes planus reared from eggs laid by neoteinic reproductive forms, Ceylon.)
Joun, O., 1913a*, pp. 102-116. (Ceylon.)
1914, PP. 491-500.
1917, p. 23. (Directions on collecting.)
1917a, pp. xcv-cii. (Origin nasuti.)
1920*, pp. 227-234. (South America.)
1925*, pp. 360-419. (Ceylon, Malay Penin- sula, Sumatra, Java, and Aru Islands.)
Jounson, W. G., 1902, pp. 2-3. (Termes
(Japan and
WHOLE VOL.
flavipes, supplementary queens only in U.S., E. A. Schwarz.)
Jory, N., 1849, pp. 1-37. (Natural history.)
Jourer, L. H., 1893, pp. 89-90. (9 to 14 neo- teinic queens in 1 colony, Termes flavipes, US.)
Jucctr, C., 1924, pp. 269-500. (Neoteinia.)
1925, pp. 98-103. (Question true royal pair in Reticulitermes lucifugus, Italy.)
1926, pp. 404-409. (Question of castes.)
1952, p. 837. (Symbiosis and phylogenesis.)
Kaiser, P., 1954, p. 42. (Function mandibles of Neocapritermes opacus.)
KatsHoven, L. G. E., 1930, pp. 1-154. (Java, Kalotermes tectonae, wide distribution in teak forests, galleries cause swellings on main trunk, neoteinic reproductives originate from older stage nymphs. Growth colonies very slow, oldest colony age 15 years, average 10. Winged forms produced 6th year. Swarming does not occur the year following a flight. For- mation neoteinics does not appreciably prolong the life of a colony. Members of a dying colony have typical whitish and meager appearance. Relation to ants, elaterids, scorpions, and lizards.)
1935, Pp. 21-22. (Java, odor swarming adults, Schedorhinotermes javanicus.) 1936, pp. 50-51. (East Indies, dipterous parasite, mixed colonies, nest structure
Macrotermes gilvus.)
1936a, pp. 427-435. (Java.)
1950, pp. 146-177. (Indonesia.)
1952b, pp. xc-xci. (Fungus tending Micro- termes.)
1955a, pp. 43-49. (Ability of Coptotermes to locate exposed timber.)
Karawajew, W., 1909, pp. 157-162. (Soldiers and workers Anacanthotermes ahngeria- nus, Central Asia.)
Kartzin, L., and Kirsy, H., 1939, pp. 444-445. (Relative weights Zootermopsis and their Protozoa.)
Kays, C. W., 1936, p. 8. (Shelter tubes in sand dunes, California.)
Keck, C. B., 1954, pp. 265-266. (Oahu, Ha- wail, Pearl Harbor. Coptotermes formo- sanus carton nest 16 in. in diameter in underground cavity, 137 supplementary queens.)
Keeng, E. A., and Licunt, S. F., 1944, pp. 383- 390. (Results of feeding extracts of male supplementary reproductives to groups nymphs Zootermopsis.)
Kettoce, V. L., 1908, pp. 99-110. (California, reproductives Termopsis angusticollis.)
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 13
Kersey, J. M., 1945, pp. 353-359. (Supple- mentary reproductives in isolated pockets
may enable colony treated with poison dust to survive, New Zealand.)
1946*, pp. 458-464. (Variation castes, soldier Coptotermes lacteus, New Zealand.)
Kemner, N. A., 1923, pp. 239-240. (Java.)
1929, pp. 1097-1117. (Java.)
1931*, pp. 1-53. (Amboina.)
1934*, pp. 1-241. (Java and Celebes.)
Kemp, P. B., 1955, pp. 113-136. (Northeastern Tanganyika.)
Kennepy, C. H., 1947, pp. 309-324. (Child labor among termites, hampered in de- velopment by low availability of nitrogen, to which they react by cannibalism and coprophagy. Ants dominant and labor by adults.)
Kennis Kunst, 1869, pp. 47-54. Kent, W. S., 1897, pp. IOI-131. 1897a, pp. 81-82. (Australia.) Kirsy, W. F., 1884, pp. 453-454.
1885, pp. 1-240.
Kirsy, W., and Spence, W., 1828, vol. 1, pp. 506-513, vol. 2, pp. 26-44. (General.)
Knag, F., 1895, pp. 15-16. (Luminous termite nests, Lower Amazon.)
1909, pp. 574-575. (Luminous termite nests, Lower Amazon, termites infected with bacteria.)
Knower, H. M., 1894, pp. 58-59. (Origin of the nasutus, Eutermes.)
1896, pp. 86-87. (Development Eutermes (rippertii?).)
Koenic, J. G., history.)
Kororp, C. A., 1929a, pp. 1-4. (General.)
1934, 2d ed., pp. 1-2. (General.)
Koxsg, H. J., 1887, pp. 70-74. (Hedotermes viator, Capland.)
Krause, E., 1899, pp. 247-250.
LaBoutsEng, A., 1860, pp. cv-cvi. (T. luctfu- gus, Agen, France.)
LacorparrE, T., 1838, pp. 520-527.
Lamarck, J. B. P. A. pe M. pe, 1817, 1835, pp. 192-195, 398-401.
LAMEERE, A., 1902, pp. 441-443. (Hodotermes, Psammotermes, and Eutermes desertorum, Sahara.)
1909, pp. 505-516. (In society.)
1922, pp. 511-521. (Origin societies.)
1935, PP. 305-328.
LaTREILLE, P. A., 1794, pp. 438-443.
1795, pp. 84-85.
1797, p. 550. (Nests, Termes.)
1817a, p. III.
1817b, pp. 391-410. (Social life.)
(Australia.)
1779, pp. 1-28. (Natural
14 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Latrosg, C. I., 1820, pp. 111, 206, 238. (South Africa.
Lerroy, H. M., 1906, pp. 228-231. (India.)
1909, pp. 115-121. (India.)
1923, pp. 81-91. (India.)
Lespés, C., 1856, pp. 227-282. (T. lucifugus, supplementary queen.
Levarant, F., 1794, p. 197. (Africa.)
Lever, R. J. A. W., 1934, pp. 10-13. (Solomon Islands, Coptotermes grandiceps, Micro- cerotermes pilliceps, Eutermes yandini- ensis.)
1939*, p. 87. (Fiji.) L’Herminier, F. L., (Guadeloupe.) LicHTENSTEIN, H., 1811, vol. 1. p. 99, vol. 2,
p. 74. (South Africa.)
Licut, S. F., 1929, pp. 1-28. (California.)
1929a*, pp. 421-452. (Philippines, Copto- termes vastator.)
1931*, pp. 581-600. (China.)
1931a*, pp. 5-9. (Nevada.)
1934, 1n Kofoid, 2d ed. (Different types and habitats, pp. 22-41, 117-126, 136-149; Amitermes, pp. 199-205; dry-wood ter- mites, pp. 206-216; Philippines, pp. 347- 350.)
1937*, pp. 423-464. (Paraneotermes simpli- cicornis, California.)
1938, p. 102. (Parthenogenesis.)
1942-1943, pp. 312-326, 46-63. (Determina- tion castes inhibition theory.)
1944, pp. 405-412. (Parthenogenesis, Zo- otermopsis, progeny all females.)
1944a, pp. 413-454. (Ectohormonal control of development supplementary reproduc- tives in Zootermopsis.)
1947, pp. 22-23. (US.)
Licut, S. F., Hartman, O., and Emerson, A. E., 1937, p. 122. (Efficacy of extracts from bodies supplementary reproductives in inhibiting or retarding neoteinic sexual development in isolated nymphs.)
Licut, S. F., and Ixutc, P. L., 1945, pp. 1-40. (Rate and extent of development of neo- teinic reproductives in groups of nymphs Zootermopsis, percentage neoteinics larger in smaller groups, older nymphs more likely to become neoteinics, apterous more likely than brachypterous nymphs.)
Licut, S. F., and Pickens, A. L., im Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed. pp. 150-156. (American subterranean termites.)
Licut, S. F., and WeeEsner, F. M., 19472, pp. 244-245. (Development castes in higher termites, Gnathamitermes per- plexus and Tenuirostritermes tenuirostris in SE. Arizona; in former many apterous
1837, PP. 497-513.
VOL. 130
individuals like workers, late nymphal instar sterile castes. In Tenuirostritermes 3 major lines leading to nasute, worker and alate types differentiated early. In Gnathamitermes nymphs do not com- plete development until following year. In Tenuirostritermes primary pair contain all the food needed to allow large pri- mary group to develop rapidly to definite caste, worker or nasute.) 1948, pp. 54-68. (Swarming, Arizona.) 1951, pp. 397-414. (Production supple- mentary reproductives, Zootermopsis.) 1955, Pp. 135-146. (U.S., Tenuirostritermes tenuirostris egg laying 4 days after pair- ing, 55 eggs first 10 days, 31 days for development, nasutes 25-33% in first group.) Licut, S. F., and Witson, F. J., 1936*, pp. 461-520. (Philippines, nests.) Livineston, D., 1857, pp. 1-687. Africa.) Lor, D’A., 1903, pp. 19-31. (South Africa.) 1903a, pp. 1290-1291. (South Africa.) Lussock, E., 1875, p. 218. (Fr. Miiller’s studies in South America.) Lucas, H., 1838, pp. 316-321. (Termes.) Luscuer, M., 1949, pp. 161-165. (European and U.S. Kalotermes and Reticulitermes, Zootermopsis, in laboratory.) 1949a, pp. 269-271. (Laboratory rearing technique.) 1950b, p. 357. (Colony formation, Pseuda- canthotermes spiniger, Miucrocerotermes edentatus, and Anoplotermes.) 1951b, pp. 404-408. (Determination sub- stitute reproductives (Kalotermes flavt- collis), inhibition of these forms in pres- ence adult sexual pairs.) I95Ic, pp. 36-43. (Details colony formation,
(South
as in 1950. 1952, pp. 123-141. (Production and elimina- tion of supplementary reproductives,
Kalotermes flavicollis.)
1952a, pp. 529-543. (Growth and molting of individuals of Kalotermes flavicollis, regression.)
1953, pp. 74-76, 78. (Tropical queens lay 20,000 eggs per day, p. 74; Kalotermes flavicollis nymphs molt 5 to 7 times, P- 75:)
Luppova, A. N., 1953, pp. 142-156. (Turk- menia, Anacanthotermes turkestanicus.)
Lutz, F. E., 1941, pp. 149-155. (U.S.)
Lyon, G. F., 1821, p. 187. (North Africa.)
MacGrecor, W. D., 1950a, pp. 3-8. (Ecology, termites, soil and vegetation.)
WHOLE VOL.
McCautey, W. E., and Fiint, W. P., 1946, p. 19. (Reproduction, U.S.)
McDanr1, E. I., 1934, pp. 1-14. (Michigan.)
1938, pp. 1-14. (Michigan.)
McKeown, K. C., 1941, pp. 269-274. (Aus- tralia.)
1944, 2d rev. ed. pp. 63-69. (Australia, nests 93 to 95% humidity, flight towers Eutermes, colony soulless totalitarian state.)
McLacutan, R., 1869, p. Xiil. tenuis? on St. Helena Island.)
1874, pp. 15-16. (Calotermes in wood that produces gum copal, Zanzibar; brood of termites at Kew.)
1876, p. 17. (Colony American termites in Vienna.)
1878, p. xii. (T. trinervius, Africa; T. rip- perti, Cuba, with protective head secre- tion.)
1882, pp. 150-183. (Madeira and Canary Islands.)
1883, pp. 226-228. (Hawaii.)
MaeTertinck, M., 1927, pp. 1-238. (General.)
1947, pp. 349-440. (General.)
Mamet, R., and Durocuer-Yvon, F., 1942, pp. 197-207. (fle Maurice.)
Marats, E. N., 1933, pp. 138-159. (Queen as the brain of colony, South Africa.)
1937, pp. xv+184. (Life in colony, South Africa.)
1950, pp. 1-196. (General, South Africa.)
Marcu, A. W., 1933, pp. 157-163. (Eastern China, Coptotermes formosanus most de- structive, nest subterranean, swarm in early evening in early June when humid- ity high. Reticulitermes very seldom attack buildings. Termes formosanus does not attack timber, cultivates fungus Xylaria.)
Marcus, H., 1952, pp. 24-28. (Castration by feeding larva with product of colleterial gland of queen.)
MarsHatt, T. A., 1878, pp. XXvVii-xxXviii. (Windward Islands, Termes destructor F. ?, Antigua.)
Martens, E. C. von, 1876, p. 136. (East Asia.)
Martinez, E. A., 1939, pp. 49-50. (Crypto- termes rospigliosi, Peru.
Matueson, R., 1944, pp. 167-173, figs. 137- 142A. (General, habits.) Rev. ed., 1951.
MattHeEws, J., 1788, p. 46. (Sierra Leone, Africa.
Maynarp, C. J., 1888, pp. III-113. hamas.)
Merwe, C. P. vAN DER, 1921, pp. 266-267. (South Africa.)
(Termes
(Ba-
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 15
MicHener, C. D., and Micuener, M. H., I95I, Pp. 191-227. (Social life.)
Mutter, A. E., 1926, pp. 1-8. (llinois.)
1928, pp. 1-12. (Illinois.)
Mutter, E. M., 1943*, pp. 5-8. (Soldier and sia Calcaritermes nearcticus, Flor- ida.
1949, pp. 1-30. (Florida termites.) 1955, Pp. 34, 36, 48. (Florida, flight dates and tolerance to drying.)
Mutter, E. M., and Mirter, D. B., 1943, pp. 101-107. (South Florida.)
Mung, L. J., and Mirng, M. J., 1954, pp. 21, 185, 189. (General, erroneous statements that fungus growers nest in trees and that supplementary pairs of reproductives function in same nest with primary pair.)
Mirscu, H. J., 1947, pp. 7-37. (Africa, queen 150 mm. long, 60 mm. wide, nests, predators.)
Myézere, E. G., 1920*, pp. 1-128. (Australia.)
Monrap, H. C., 1824, pp. 1-188. (Coast of Guinea.
Montanpon, A. L., 1910, pp. 444-452. (Pos- sible cause of so-called neuters, castration of young by special diet.)
Monte, O., 1931, pp. 69-70. (Brazil.)
Morsratr, H., 1913, pp. 443-464. Africa.)
1920, Pp. 415-427. 1922, pp. 9-16. (General.)
Mosztey, H. N., 1879, pp. 12, 302, new ed., 1892, 1894. (H.M.S. Challenger, 1773- 1775)
Mout1a, A., 1936, pp. 1-30. (Mauritius.)
Muetter, Fr., 1871, pp. 205-206. (Brazil.)
1873-1875. (Genitals soldiers Calotermes, Pp. 333-340; dwellings of termites, pp. 341- 358; nymphs with short wing pads, Calo- termes winged and substitute reproduc- tives, number latter in Brazil in Eu- termes, 1 true king, 31 substitute queens, a sultan in his harem, pp. 451-463; larvae of Calotermes rugosus, pp. 241-264.
1874a, pp. 308-309. (South America.)
1875, p. 218. (Brazil.)
1887, pp. 177-178. (Nymphs.)
Mukerji, D., and Mirra, P. K., 1949, pp. 9-27. (India, Odontotermes redemanni, cavities in nest contain fungus combs where nymphs live among _ inhibited growth fungus Xylaria, royal cell near largest comb chamber. Workers forage in covered runways, never attack living plants. Flights occur each June to August.)
1949a, pp. 186-189. (India, O. redemanni.)
(East
16 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
1949b, p. 158. (Effect of transplanting physogastric queen Odontotermes rede- mani.)
MovrKerjl, D., and Raycuaupuurt, S., 1943), p. 167. (Bearing of exudate organs on postadult growth queen. T. redemanni.)
Mutter, O. F., 1776, p. 184.
Mutter, W. DE, 1915, pp. 28-35.
Myers, J. G., 1938, pp. 7-8. (Sudan, Micro- termes sudanensis, biting of female dur- ing courtship.) :
Nasonoy, N. V., 1893, pp. 1-30. (Social life.)
Nicuots, E. R., 1929, p. 123. (Southern Cali- fornia.
Nicuotson, H. A., 1871, pp. 261-264. (Bates’ observations, South America.)
Noet, P., 1908, pp. 107-108.
Nomor, C., 1949, pp. 600-602. (Development of neuters—sterile castes, Amitermitinae and Microcerotermitinae.)
1949a, pp. 2053-2054. (Development of neuters—sterile castes, Nasutitermitinae.)
1950, pp. 475-477. (Development of neuters —sterile castes, Macrotermitinae.)
1951, pp. 447-449. (Development of neu- ters—sterile castes, Termitinae.)
1952, pp. 103-116. (Polymorphism.)
1953, Ppp. 405-414. (Care and feeding of young.
1954, pp. 461-474. (Polymorphism. higher termites. )
Nomot, C., and Attiott, H., 1947, pp. 1-96. (General.)
Noyes, F. K., 1912, pp. 561-569. (Termites the first civilized people.)
Noyes, H., 1937, pp. xiv-+289. (Macrotermes natalensis, Africa.)
Oates, F., 1881, p. 134. (Matabele Land and Victoria Falls, Africa.)
Ossorn, H., 1898, p. 231. (Termes flavipes, Iowa.
Osuma, M., 1913*, pp. 271-281. (Japan.)
1917*, pp. 221-225. (Philippines.) 1919, pp. 319-383. (Formosa.)
OsTEN-SACKEN, C. R., and Hacen, H. A,, 1877, pp. 72-73. (Termopsis angusticollis, T. occidentalis?, and Termes flavipes, California.)
Oviepo y Vavpéz, G. F. pg, 1851, pp. 450-453. (Santo Domingo.)
Packarp, A. S., 1883, pp. 326-329. (Termop- sis angusticollis, Termes flavipes.)
1889, pp. 586-588. (General.)
Panoca, G. A., 1936, pp. 233-265. (General, Philippines.)
Paout, G., 1934, pp. 1-427. (Coptotermes sjostedti, var. subintacta, and Termes classicus in Italian Somaliland.)
VOL. 130
Park, O., 1929, pp. 121-126. (Reticulitermes tibialis in Chicago region.)
Parker, B. M., 1941, pp. I-34.
Parker, B. M., and Emerson, A. E., 1941, pp. 1-34. (Societies.)
Patterson, W. H., 1927, pp. 35-39. (Gold Coast.)
Penptesury, H. M., 1930, pp. 45-56. (Ma- laya.)
Perez, C., 1902, pp. 195-427. (Metamorpho- sis.
Perez, J., 1894, pp. 804-806. (Termes lucifu- gus, foundation colonies.)
1894a, pp. 866-868. (Termes lucifugus, foundation colonies, swarming.)
1896, pp. 65-66. (Nymphs.)
1896a, pp. 56-62. (T. lucifugus.)
1907, PP. 4-7, 37-40, 71-77. (Termites in SW. France.)
Perkins, R. C. L., 1899, p. 88. (Calotermes in Hawaii.)
Perris, E., 1876, pp. 201-202. (T. lucifugus and “Eutermes’ flavicollis in Landes.)
1876a, pp. ccxvi-ccxvii. (Emery on flight “Eutermes” flavicollis.)
Petcu, T., 1917, pp. 395-397. (Flight Termes obscuriceps, Ceylon, narrowing of exit at midday by workers, emergence 5:57 p.m., main flight 13 min. Soldiers and workers exit to protect winged, close exit after flight. Return of dealated male and female to nest apparently before fertiliza- tion.)
Pickens, A. L., 1932, pp. 178-180. (Reticuli- termes, distribution, population, increase; biology R. hesperus.)
1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 157-196. (Retic- ulitermes, distribution, population, in- crease; biology R. hesperus and R. tibialis, western U.S.)
1940, p. 1. (U.S., caste arrangement for Reticulitermes, 3 intercastes. Premature or delayed adulthood gives many sub- castes.)
1940a, pp. 5-6. (US, Reticulitermes flavipes, broods from alate swarms in spring 1936, required until spring 1940 to produce first swarm alates.)
1941, pp. 115-116. (U.S., Reticulitermes flavipes, broods from alate swarms in spring 1936, required until spring 1940 to produce first swarm alates, change from primary to secondary reproductive heads.)
t941a, p. 119. (No winged termites in colony in spring after 1937 flood at Paducah, Ky.)
WHOLE VOL.
Pickens, A. L., and Licut, S. F., 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 196-198. (Hetero- termes.)
Pictet, A. E., 1865, pp. 1-123. (Two termites of Spanish Peninsula.)
PINTER, T., 1914. Pp. 71-95.
Pinto, M. P. D., 1941, pp. 73-105. (Ceylonese Calotermitidae, neoteinic forms do not necessarily breed true; inhibition of sub- stitute reproductives in presence of func- tional dealated adults.)
Porpric, E. F., 1836, pp. 205, 242. Peru.)
Prext, H., 1911, pp. 243-253. (East Africa.)
Prutut, H. S., 1939, p. 108. (Swarming Odontotermes and Microtermes, Delhi, India.)
Pujiura, J., 1904, pp. 23-28, 51-60, 83-99. Tortosa, Spain, environs.
Pycrart, W. P. (ed.), 1931, pp. 226-236, 309. (General, Africa.)
Quartreraczs, A. DE, 1853a, pp. 16-21. (La Rochelle, France.)
1854. (General.)
RaFINESQUE, C. S.,
Rampur, P., 1842 history.)
Rarcuirrer, F. N., and Cummins, J. E., 1939, pp. 221-228. (Australia.)
RarcuiFFE, F. N., Gay, F. J., and Greaves, T., 1952, pp. 1-124. (Australia, pp. 19-31, queens Eutermes exitiosus lay 2,500 eggs per day in mature colony: hundreds egg- laying neoteinics in colony Hamitermes laurensis, no neoteinics of E. exitiosus; colony E. triodiae 100 years old; colony Coptotermes lacteus total population 1 million, may produce 66,000 winged in a year; cannibalism source protein; mixed colonies.)
Rarciirre, F. N., and Greaves, T., 1940, pp. 150-160. (Australia, foraging, ramifying subterranean galleries Coptotermes lac- teus and Eutermes exitiosus approx. 1% acres covered and galleries connected with dead wood 50 yards from Copto- termes mound, 3 to g in. below surface.)
Rartt, F. V., 1928, pp. 1-231. (Italian comedy, caste: il termitaio, la regina e il renccio, le sterili e la larva.)
Rav, x 1936, p. 153. (Drought influence, US
(Chile,
1820, pp. 1-16.
* pp. 300-310. (Natural
RercHensacn, H. G. L., 1854, p. 363. (Figures T. bellicosus and T. aca)
Rein, J. J., 1881. (Japan.)
Res, G. S., 1934, pp. 24-30. (India.)
Renecrr, J. R., 1835, pp. 266-274. (Paraguay, 1818-1826.)
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 17
Ricuarp, G., 1949b, pp. 67-73. (Calotermes flavicollis, phototropism.) 1951, pp. 485-603. (Calotermes flavicollis, phototropism. Ricuarps, O. W., 1953, pp. 179-189, 203. (So- cial lifes in African species queen lays 36,000 eggs in 24 hr., or 3 million per
year. Riptey, H. N., 1893, p. 270. (Eastern Ma- laya.) IQI0, p. 157. (8 queens in nest Malaya.)
Rirzy, C. V., 1894, pp. 1-74. (Swarming, postadult growth, nutrition, polygamy in true queens, U.S.)
Ritey, C. V., and Howarp, L. O., 1893, p. 35. (U.S., swarming in houses.)
RisBEo, J., 1950, pp. 45-47. (Microcerotermes parvulus, Senegal and French Sudan.)
Ropon, G. S., 1900, pp. 363-364. (India.)
Romans, R., 1883, pp. 214-215. (Rangoon.)
Roonwat, M. L., 1954a, pp. 463-467. (India, ecological adjustment between Copto- termes heimi and Odontotermes rede- mann.)
Roonwat, M. L., and Gupta, S. D., 1952, pp. 293-294. (India, Odontotermes obesus, 2 kings and queens in royal chamber in mound.)
Ross, H. H., 1948. (Social life, nests, pp. 207- 211, flgs. 185, 186; habits, pp. 257-260, figs. 219-221.)
Rossum, A. J. VAN, 1907, pp. 195-197.
Rupow, F., 1897, pp. 715-716. (Life activity.)
Ruiz, C. A., 1943, p. 32. (Calotermes flavi- collis and Reticulitermes luctfugus, Spain.)
Saprosky, C. W., 1952, pp. 1-7. (Numbers termites in colonies in U.S. and Tropics.)
Sarrorp, W. E., 1919, pp. 377-434. (Florida Everglades.)
Sr. Vincent, B. pve, 1804, p. 231. (African sea islands.)
Sanzorn, F. G., 1870, pp. 266-268. (Termes flavipes.)
Sanpias, A., 1906, pp. 121-125. (Italy.)
1907, pp. 7-II, 101-103, 125-127. (Italy.) 1908, pp. 1-9. (Italy.)
1909, pp. 131-136. (Neoteinic reproductives in European termites.) SavacE, T. S., 1849, pp. 211-221.
sus, West Africa.) 1850, p. 92. (T. bellicosus, West Africa.)
Savicny, M. J. C. L. pg, 1809-1813, figures. (Egypt.)
SCHAEFFER, C., 1902, p. 251. queen T. flavipes in U.S.)
1912, p. 30. (Queen T. flavipes.)
ScHENK, F., 1905, pp. 18-19. (T. flavipes.)
(T. bellico-
(Finding true
18 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
ScHENKLING-PrEvOT, 1898, pp. 87-88, 98-100, 105-106, I10-112, 116-118, 123-124, I7I- 172, 176-178, 183, 234-235, 241-242, 247. (General.)
ScuKaFF, B. A., 1923. (Castes.)
Scumipt, H., 1950, pp. 1-37. (General.)
ScHREIBER, G., 1930-193I, Pp. 757-827. (Ne- oteny, disequilibrium in development so- matic and germinal line.)
Scuusotz, H., 1912, pp. 328-334. (Africa.)
Scuttr, O., 1862, pp. 250-252. (Japan.)
Scuwarz, E. A., 1896, pp. 38-41. (T. flavipes, lucifugus, tubiformans, Eutermes nigri- ceps, fumosus, and Calotermes in SW. Texas.)
1901, p. 347. (First true queen found in North America.)
Scupper, S. H. (1859), 1861, pp. 287-288.
(T. frontalis Hald., i.e. flavipes.) 1878, p. 275. (Eutermes ripperti.)
Seasra, A. F. DE, 1907, pp. 122-123. (Calo-
termes flavicollis and T. lucifugus, Portu-
gal.)
Suarp, D., 1894, p. vii-vili. (Neoteinic queens.) 1895, p. 20. (Living Calotermes from Borneo.)
I90I, pp. 356-390. (General.) 1902, pp. 253-256. (General.)
SuarpE, C. F., 1894, pp. 228-229. (Deposits made by white ants, patches of egglike particles, fungi, Coonoor, South India.)
SHeEtrorD, V. E., 1913, pp. 220-252. (Middle Beach association, Chicago region.)
SmantyEv, A. A., 1903, p. 29. (Calotermes flavicollis in Caucasus.)
SirvestRI, F., 1902, pp. 173-178, 257-260, 280- 293, 326-335. (South America, pp. 257- 260, relative number soldiers to workers or nymphs: Calotermes 1:10, Syntermes 1:10, Eutermes 1:15, Cornitermes 1:20, Armitermes 1:20, Microcerotermes 1:50, Capritermes 1:80, Microtermes 1:80.)
1903", pp. 1-234. (South America.)
1904, pp. 353-378. (South America.)
1938, pp. 65-72. (Hodotermes, Psammo- termes, Fezzan, Sahara.)
Syésrevt, V., 1893, pp. 109-112. (Cameroon.)
1903, pp. 89-ror.
Sxairz, S. H., 1954b, pp. 41-67. (Africa, secondary queens Amitermes atlanticus; harvester, dry-wood, and fungus-growing termites, keys to families; mites scaven- gers in nest.)
SMEATHMAN, H., 1781, pp. 139-192. (Africa.)
Smitu, H. H., 1879, p. 139. (Luminous ter- mite hills, Brazil.)
Smit, J. B., 1910, p. 49. (New Jersey.)
VOL. 130
Snoporass, R. E., 1930, pp. 125-151. (Gen- eral.)
Snyper, T. E., 1912a, pp. 107-108. (Queen developed from winged found in US., T. flavipes.)
1913, pp. 487-488. (Changes during qui- escent stage soldier flavipes.)
1913a, pp. 162-165. (Changes during qui- escent stage soldier flavipes, nymphs.)
1915, pp. 13-85. (General, U.S., mostly Leucotermes.)
1916, pp. 1-32. Leucotermes.)
1gt6a, pp. I-20. Leucotermes.)
1919, pp. 97-104. (U.S., adaptations.)
1920*, in Banks and Snyder, pp. 87-213. (U.S., general, control, damage, flight, food, foundation colonies, parasites, post- adult growth, termitophiles, trophallaxis.)
1920a, pp. 109-150. (U.S., colonizing re- productive forms, postadult growth, p. II2; intermediates, p. 117; Zorotypus, p. 127; flight, pp. 129-130; pseudoflight, pp. 130-134; breeding, pp. 135-145.)
1922a, pp. 60-74. (U.S., living in poles.)
1924¢, pp. 1-14. (Adaptations to social life.)
1925¢, p. 89. (“Pseudoflight” brachypterous reproductive forms Reticulitermes, U.S.)
1925f, pp. 32-33. (Reticulitermes, U.S.)
1925g, pp. 466-477. (Communism among termites, advantages and disadvantages.)
1926, pp. 23-25. (U.S.)
1926b, pp. 1-6. (Races or subspecies of Reticulitermes in U.S. and Europe, nas- cent species, hybrids, or plastic species with tendency toward a mean.)
1926c, pp. 1-22. (U.S., last revision 1939.)
1926f, pp. 522-552. (Biology of the castes, general.)
1926h, p. 254. (U.S., California.)
1927], PP- 337-342. (General, curious facts.)
1927k, pp. 309-314. (U.S.)
1928, pp. 274-276. (U.S.)
1928a, pp. 135-138. (California, U.S., in utility poles.)
1928c, p. 381. (Coptotermes dissolves lime mortar by frontal gland secretion.)
1929a, pp. 40-46. (General, ecology.)
1929d, pp. 143-151. (General, architecture.)
1929e, pp. 84-87. (General.)
1920j, pp. 1-15. (Pacific area.)
1929k, pp. 210-230. (USS.)
1929m, pp. 5-II, 31-42. (California, U.S.)
1929n, pp. 96-108. (U.S., in utility poles.)
1930, pp. 261-269, 290. (General.)
1931*, pp. 531-571. (General.)
1932a, p. 27. (U.S.)
(General, U.S., mostly
(General, U.S., mostly
WHOLE VOL.
1932b, pp:"25, 27,/31,/ 34. (U:S.))..\. 1933*, pp. 91-93. (Queens, Indian termites.) 1933a, Pp. 397-399. (U.S.) ! 1933c*, pp. 161-166. (Intermediate soldier- worker, Nasutitermes myerst, Brazil.) 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed. (Reticulitermes, eastern U.S., pp. 192-195; dry-wood ter- mites, Kalotermitidae, eastern U.S., pp. 269-272.) 1934a, pp. I-21. (Revision of 1926c, chart biology castes Reticulitermes, U.S.) 1934b, pp. 5-6, 12. (U.S.) 1935a, pp. 70-78. (US.) 1935¢, pp. 1-6. (Swarming, tropisms, Retic- ulitermes, U.S.) 1935d, pp. 5-6, 28-30. (U.S.) 1935€, PP. 5-7, 19, 22-63. (U.S.) 1937, pp. 26-33. (Louisiana.) 1947b, pp. 144-147. (U.S.) 1948, pp. 27-72. (General.) 1949, PP. 432-436. (U.S.) 1949d, 7m Burton, pp. 264-272. (General; queens, India.) #950; pp. 12-14!) /(U.S.) 1950a, 7 Craighead, 1950, pp. 85-93. (East- ern U.S.) 1950d, pp. 1-16. (U.S., dry-wood termites.) 1951a, pp. 237, 250, 261. (U.S.) 1951b, pp. 31-32. (Dominica, British West Indies, wholesale death soldiers and workers in building—Nasutitermes cos- talis.) F952) Pp. 28: by.) 1953, pp. 27-28. (U.S., general.) 1953a, p. 40. (Neoteinic reproductives, in- hibition theory.) 1953d, pp. 34, 36. (US., different types shelter tubes and their composition.) 1953e, p. 30. (U.S., infestation buildings without ground contact by Reticuli- termes.) 1954b, pp. 1-64. (U.S. and Canada.) 1954g, p. 28. (Buffalo, N.Y., flight chim- neys. 1954h, 7» Greathouse, G. A., 1954, pp. 204- 211. (World, damage and control.) Snyper, T. E., and Popenog, E. P., 1932, pp. 153-158. (U.S., founding new colonies Reticulitermes.) Snyper, T. E., and Reep, W. D., 1949, pp. 4-11. (General.) Snyper, T. E., and Zerex, J., 1924, pp. 1-26.
(Distinctive frass, detection
(Panama.)
1934, im Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 342-346. (Panama.)
SorENsEN, W., 1884, pp. 1-25. (South America.)
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 19
SpaRRMAN, A., 1783, p. 381. (Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, Termes capensis.)
Spencer, H., 1937, pp. 158-160. (Notes on habits.)
STEBBING, E. P., (India.)
1906-1907, pp. 6-12. (Coptotermes gestroi, the rubber termite, India.)
STEPHENS, J. F., 1836, vol. 6.
STRELNIKOV, J., 1920, pp. 215-226. (Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia.)
SrrickLanp, A. H., 1945, pp. 1-11. (Trinidad, British West Indies, in specialized soil habitats in forest reserves and cacao estates.)
STRICKLAND, E. H., 1911, pp. 256-259. (Quies- cent stage during molt, Termes flavipes.)
SrrickLanD, M., 1950, pp. 373-385. (U.S., Reticulitermes tibialis more resistant to drying than R. flavipes or R. arenincola, latter least tolerant.)
SuBRAHAMANIAN, T. V., 1934, p. 498. (As food in South India.
Suuzer, J. H., 1776, pp. 239-240.
SupPPAN, V., 1878, pp. 155-161, 170-174. Col- ony life.
Swain, R. B., 1948, pp. 24-25, fig. 16. (U.S., castes including queen in color.)
Swartz, O., 1786, pp. 46-47. (Surinam.)
1792, pp. 228-238. (Termes L.)
Sykes, M. L., 1900, pp. 85-91. (West Africa.)
TascHENBERG, E, L., 1880, p. 227. (T. flavipes in Europe.)
TENNANT, Sir J. E., 1861, Chap. 11. (Ceylon.)
Tuompson, W. L., 1934, pp. 33-39. (Florida, Neotermes castaneus.)
THOMSEN, F., 1909, pp. 512-520. (Transvaal.)
Tittyarp, R. L., 1926, pp. 100-106. (Aus- tralia and New Zealand.)
Timm, R., rgr1, pp. 60-68. (Life history.)
Tocwoop, W., 1909, pp. 97-104. (Malaya, Termes gestrot.
To tun, C., 1862, pp. 215-220. (Life history.)
Townsenp, C. H. T., 1893*, p. 139. (New Mexico, Termopsis.)
TREHERNE, H. S., 1878, pp. 74-75. (Manitoba, Termopsis.
Tryon, H., 1887, pp. 119-123. (Queensland, Eutermes fumipennis.)
TsvetKova, V. P., 1953, pp. 132-141. (Odessa, R. lucifugus not economically important in southern Russia; parasitic mite Acotyle- don feytaudi in nests.)
Turner, N., and Townsenp, J. F., 1936, pp. 209-242. (Connecticut, Reticulitermes fla- vipes.)
Uicuanco, L. B., 1919, pp. 59-65. (Philip- pines, mound-building termites.)
1903-1904, Pp. 377-382.
20 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Upnor, J. C. T., 1942, pp. 563-598. (Ecologi- cal relations of plants and termites, ter- mite fungi, review of literature.)
Van Zwatuwenserc, R. H., 1934, p. 383- (Longevity of Coptotermes formosanus in Hawaii, colony existed over 3 years.)
VasitjEv, T. V., 1911, pp. 235-245. (Hodo- termes ahngerianus and H. turkestanicus in Transcaspia and Turkestan.)
1912, pp. 241-243. (Hodotermes turkestani- cus, neoteinic queen.)
VERESHCHAGIN, B., 1925, pp. 174-175.
1926, pp. 127-218.
VesEY-FITZGERALD, B., 1949, PP- 449-451.
Vern, P. J., 1875, pp. Ixxxviii-lxxxix. (Termes fatalis, T. gilvus, Indo-Malayan region.)
VisHnol, H. S., 1954, pp. 28-29. (India, Micro- cerotermes beesoni, brachypterous neo- teinic female reproductives.)
Warker, L. W., 1949, pp. 44-47. (Deserts southwestern U.S. and Mexico, “street cleaning.”)
Warren, E., 1909, pp. 113-128. (Natal.)
1909a, pp. 329-347. (South Africa, based on Haviland’s studies.) 1919, pp. 93-112. (South Africa.)
WassMann, E., 1910*, pp. 303-310. (Holm-
gren’s exudate theory.
1915a, pp. 1-413. (Association ants and termites.)
1931, pp. 309-336. (Democracy in the ter- mite colony.
1934, pp. xvili+148. (Biology termites, pp. 78-148; termitophiles.)
Wess, J. E., 1952, pp. 771-775. (Biology im- portant in identification.
Weesner, F. M., 1953, pp. 251-302. (Tenui- rostritermes tenuirostris (Desneux) with emphasis on caste development.)
WE tts, H. G., Huxtey, J., and WELts, C. P., 1931, pp. 707-709. (General.)
Weyer, F., 1930, pp. 364-380. (Substitute reproductive forms Sunda Island, Micro- cerotermes amboinensis from Amboina (Moluccas), after removal queen or queens from carton nest in the field considerable numbers both male and fe- male substitute sexual forms were pro- duced in 4 to 6 weeks even though only females were removed. Large number of transition forms between sexual and worker types, derived from various de- velopment stages of the sexual, wingless to long wing pads. Same transition forms in Prorhinotermes rugifer. Eutermes amboinensis gave negative results.)
1930a, pp. 327-380. (Foundation new colo- nies by Microcerotermes amboinensis, and
VOL. 130
Eutermes amboinensis and E. undecimus, Amboina (Moluccas), in Microcerotermes and Eutermes several queens in carton nests, in former out of 25% of the colo- nies I or more substitute queens, even in colonies with normal sexual reproduc- tives. New colonies formed by splitting. Young colonies in decaying wood, old in carton nests on coconut palm trees. Eutermes amboinensis possesses many branch colonies, winged forms penetrate a branch colony with no substitute sex- uals and become adopted. In colony with old normal sexuals, young males and females that had recently shed wings occur. In Microcerotermes inserted “for- eign” queens were killed.)
Wuer.er, W. M., 1920, pp. 113-124. (The termite society as an example to human society.)
1923a, pp. 237-283. (Social life.)
1928, pp. 130-160. (Social insects, evolu- tion.
1934, pp. 289-301. (Social life.)
Wuite, A., 1874, p. 25. (New Zealand.)
Wirxinson, H., 1940, pp. 67-72. (East Africa, grassland termites.)
WuiaMs, F. X., 1928, pp. 53-118. (Philip- pines, termites in nipa house.)
Wotcortt, G. N., 1921, pp. 1-14. (Puerto Rico.)
1927, pp. 94, 153-162. (Haiti.)
1936, pp. 45-50. (Puerto Rico.)
1938, pp. 83-84. (Puerto Rico, Crypto- termes brevis.)
1940, pp. 375-380. (Puerto Rico, Nasuti- termes costalis.)
1950a, pp. 62-74. (Puerto Rico.)
Wo corr, G. N., and Ser, F., 1924, pp. 138- 149. (Puerto Rico.)
Woopeson, A., 1921, p. 55. (General, large queens lay an average of 34,000 eggs a day; in Philippines large queens have life 20 years.)
Yano, M., 1911*, pp. 53-66. (Japan.)
1915, p. 62. (Japan, Glyptotermes satsu- mensis, Reticulitermes speratus, Copto- termes formosanus.)
ZaitzEv, P., 1912, p. 360. (Abchasie, Calo- termes flavicollis.)
ZETEK, J., 1921, pp. 237-239, 268-275. (Panama.)
ZIMMERMAN, E. C., 1948, pp. 159-187. (Hawaii.)
Zoccut, R., 1953, pp. 195-202. (Italy, Tuscany, Provinces of Florence, Lucca, and Leg- horn, Reticulitermes lucifugus, damage to books, woodwork.)
WHOLE VOL.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 21
BUILDING CODES
ANONYMOUS, 1927, Pp. 285. (Termite-proofing provisions in Uniform Code, Pacific Coast Building Officials Conference, U.S., not mandatory but merely suggestions, appendix, sec. 2529, rev. ed., 1932, Los Angeles, Calif.
1929a. (Ordinance No. 490, sec. 9.705, City and County Honolulu, termite protec- tion.)
1937, p. 19. (Los Angeles, Calif., 1936 building code makes chemically treated lumber in foundations mandatory, creo- sote and chromated zinc chloride.)
1937b, p. 66. (Kansas City, Mo., ordinance making treated lumber in buildings man- datory defeated.)
1937c, p. 48. (‘“Jerry-building” leads to termite damage.)
1937d, p. 21. (Kansas City ordinance re- quiring treated lumber in buildings de- feated.)
1939, pp. 133-138. (U.S., master specifica- tions, Home Owners’ Loan Corp.)
1939a, pp. 1-24. (U.S., Federal Housing Admin., diagrams showing proper con- struction.)
1939b, pp. 1-14. (Adelaide, South Aus- tralia, diagrams showing termite-proof construction for brick buildings.)
1947, pp. 1-49. (Report BMS 107, U.S. Dept. Commerce building code require- ments. )
1950, pp. 1-4. (Australia, termite-proofing buildings.)
1950a, pp. 69-74, 96-105. (Durban, South Africa, termite-proofing provisions in building code.)
1950k, pp. 1-2. (Termite-proofing specifica- tions, U.S. Bur. Ent. and Plant Quar. for buildings; revised 1953.)
195te. (New York State building code ter- mite-proofing provisions, sec. 301Cc.)
1952e, 409A-40oF. (Federal Housing Ad- min., minimum property requirements, Maryland, Virginia, and District of Co- lumbia, poured concrete foundations, re- inforced concrete caps, metal shields, wood preservatives, shields for piping, metal flashing.)
1953q, 406-E3, 409-A-F. (Honolulu, Ha- waii, FHA: Concrete slabs, poured con- crete foundations, reinforced concrete caps for masonry foundations, metal shields, wood preservative treatments.)
1953r, 409-F. (Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands, FHA: Metal shields, deleted.)
Crark, A. F., 1942, pp. 23-32. (New Zealand, legislation for termite-proofing buildings.)
Davis, J. J., 1947, pp. go-91. (U.S., insect- proof construction.
Futraway, D. T., 1929a, p. 134. (Honolulu, Hawaii, termite-proofing provisions for building code.)
Heaptez, T. J., 1937, Pp- 337-341. Jersey, proper construction.) Korow, C. A., et al., 1934, 2d ed., pp. 592- 642. (California, termite-proof construc-
tion buildings.)
MacGrecor, W. D., 1950, pp. I-41. Commonwealth, tion.)
Mutu, F. A., 1926, pp. 153-154, 161-162. (Pro- tection against termites, New Orleans, La., building code.)
Osuima, M., 1919, pp. 341-347. (Proper con- struction in Formosa.
Snyper, T. E., 1925a, p. 389. (Specific “in- sulation,’ keep untreated woodwork away from contact with the ground, modification city building regulation, US:)
1925h, pp. 569, 571. (Termite-proofing specifications recommended for city build- ing codes, U.S.)
1926c, p. 15. (Modification of city building codes, U.S.; revised 1930, 1934, 1939.)
1926d, pp. 11, 27, 67. (Modification of city building codes, U.S.)
1927b, pp. 316-321. (Modification of city building codes, U.S.)
1927¢, pp. 178-179. (Modification of city building codes, U.S.)
1927d, pp. 706-709. (Modification of city building codes, U.S.)
19272, pp. 12-13. (Modification of city building codes, U.S.)
1927h, pp. 15-17. (Modification of city building codes, U.S.)
19271, Ppp. 531-536. (Modification of city building codes, U.S.)
1927], p. 342. (Modification of city building codes, U.S.)
1928, pp. 274-276. (Modification of city building codes, U.S.)
1929, p. 44 (Hawaii.)
1929b, pp. 23-24. (General.)
1929¢, pp. 18-38, (U.S.)
1929d, pp. 143-151. (U.S.)
19298, pp. 1-19. (U.S.)
1920j, pp. I-15. (General, Pacific area.)
1929k, pp. 210-230. (U.S.)
19291, pp. 1-5. (U.S.)
1929m, pp. 31-42. (California.)
(New
(British termite-proof construc-
22 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
19290, pp. 268-277. (General.)
1931*, pp. 540-544. (China.)
1932b, pp. 25, 27, 31, 34. (US.)
1933a pp. 397-399. (U.S.) _
1933b, pp. 1-8. (U.S.) (Revised 1936.) 1934b, pp. 5-6, 12. (U.S
1935a, pp. 70-78. (U.S.)
1935¢, pp. 1-6. (U.S.)
1935d, pp. 5-6, 28-30; 7-8. (U.S.)
1935¢, pp. 169-170. (U.S. and Panama.) 1937, Ppp. 31-32. (Louisiana; Federal speci-
VOL. 130
fications for preventing damage, US.,
Piug2
1938, pp. 6-9. (U.S.)
1939, pp. 7-9. (U.S.) us
1948, pp. 160, 178-180, 223-225. (Revision of 1935e.) (U.S. and Panama.)
1949d, im Burton, pp. 264-272. (US, Panama.)
1952g, pp. 14, 16, 18. (U'S.)
1953b, Pp. 30. S
Woopsson, A., 1923, pp. 51-82. (Ceylon.)
CASTE DETERMINATION
Apvamson, A. M., 1940, pp. 35-53. (Theories of caste determination, intercastes, 2 in Microcerotermes arboreus, 1 in Nasuti- termes guayanae, Trinidad.)
BaATHELLIER, J., 1924, pp. 483-485. (Develop- ment of Eutermes matangensis.)
1924a, pp. 609-612. (Development of Macro- termes gilvus.)
1925, pp. 54-55. (Caste determination of Macrotermes gilvus.)
1g25a, pp. 153-154. (Caste determination of Eutermes matangensis.)
1927, p. 274. (Macrotermes gilvus, p. 2933 Eutermes matangensis, p. 322. Believes in genetic theory caste determination, de- termined in embryo, not modified by feeding.)
1941, pp. 663-665. (Development of Reticu- litermes lucifugus.)
1942, pp. 181-182. (Substitution neoteinic reproductive forms in Reticulitermes.) Becker, G., 1948, pp. 407-444. (New theory caste formation, intermediate form in Calotermes flavicollis; imagos depend on appearance and retrograde formation nymphs, relation to development of neo- teinics and dependence of nymphs on fungus alimentation; alimentary experi- ments explain origin and properties sub- stitutes and development, duration of
life and percentage soldiers.)
Bouvier, E. L., 1918, pp. 1-299. (Origin of castes.)
Bucuut, H. H. R., 1951, pp. 206-208. (Origin of castes, Reticulitermes of Saintonge, in- hibition theory.)
1952, 1n Liischer, 1952b, pp. 293-294. (Inhi- bition production of neoteinics does not occur in Reticulitermes—as in Kalo- termes; if primary pair present in young incipient colonies and not sufficient living space, either the newly formed neoteinic or the primary pair of reproductives are killed; if sufficient space, colony split into
two fractions being only in loose con- tact, with both kinds of reproductives tolerated.) Bucnion, E., 1912, pp. xli-xliii, (Differentia- tion of castes, Ceylon.) 1gI2a, pp. rogi-1094. (Differentiation of castes, Ceylon.)
1913b, pp. 119-123. (Differentiation of castes, Ceylon.) 1g14b, pp. 170-204. (Differentiation of
castes, Ceylon.
CastLe, G. B., 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 273-310. (Experimental determination caste differentiation in Zootermopsis an- gusticollis, California, inhibition theory.)
1934a, p. 314. (Experimental determina- tion caste differentiation in Zootermopsis angusticollis, California.)
CréimenT, G., 1953, pp. 95-116. (Psammo- termes, origin of neuters.)
Costa Lia, A. pA, 1936, pp. 8-17. (Origin castes.)
Emerson, A. E., 1926, pp. 69-100. (Develop- ment soldier Constrictotermes cavifrons.)
Futter, C., 1920*, pp. 235-295. (Postem- bryonic development antennae, South Africa.)
Gay, F. J., 1952, pp. 127-128. (Rare intercaste (soldier-reproductive) | Microcerotermes serratus Australia, pigmented eye spots, wing buds.)
Guipint, G. M., 1938, pp. 95-109. (Reticuli- termes lucifugus, individuals producing ergatoid queens morphologically variable; differentiation of these forms due to food, nymph-soldier intermediate.)
1938a, pp. 25-36. (Reticulitermes lucifugus, individuals producing ergatoid queens morphologically variable; differentiation of these forms due to food.)
Gortscu, W., 1939, pp. 209-216. (In artificial colonies of Anoplotermes cingulatus from Argentina soldier intermediate between
WHOLE VOL.
nasutus and mandibular type produced as in Armitermes.)
1941, pp. 1-13. (Colony formation and caste formation, Kalotermes flavicollis.)
1941a, pp. 194-195. (Colony formation and caste formation, Kalotermes flavicollis.)
1946, pp. 49-57. (In body certain insects
especially termites), also in lower fungi Penicilium, Hypomyces, Saccharomy- cetes) substances called “vitamin T com- plex.” Incite vital processes, induce for- mation of soldiers which have none naturally and of gigantic or big-headed forms, stimulate growth.)
1947, Pp. 193-274. (In body certain insects especially termites), also in lower fungi (Penicillium, Hypomyces, Saccharomy- cetes) substances called “vitamin T com- plex.” Incite vital processes, induce for- mation of soldiers which have none naturally and of gigantic or big-headed forms, stimulate growth.)
GrassE, P. P., 1952c, pp. 51-62. different families.)
Grassé, P. P., and Norrot, C., 1946, pp. 869- 871. (Neoteinic reproductive forms (Calo- termes flavicollis, theory caste determina- tion, germinal and somatic inhibition.)
1946a, pp. 929-931. (Polymorphism, the production of soldiers, Calotermes flavi- collis.)
1947, pp. 219-221. (Polymorphism, pseu- doergates, Calotermes flavicollis.)
Grassi, B., and Sanptas, A., 1896, pp. 245- 322, 1-75. (Caste determination, nutri- tion theory, differential feeding, parasitic castration.)
Greco, R. E., 1942, pp. 295-308. (Origin of castes in ‘ants, genetic theory.)
Harz, L., 1934, pp. 267-293. (Caste deter- mination and differentiation in Reticull- termes, genetic theory not valid, sterile and reproductive castes not separable until 3d stadium, both intrinsic and ex- trinsic factors involved.)
Heatu, H., 1927, pp. 387-419. (Caste forma- tion in Termopsis, genetic theory not valid, first visible signs differentiation appear at relatively late stage.)
1928, pp. 324-326. (Fertile soldiers in Termopsis, California; copulate with nor- mal substitutes, young normal; stimu- lated by special diet.)
1931, Ppp. 431-432. (Experiments in caste development.)
Heatu, H., and Wixzvr, B. C., 1927, pp. 145- 154. (Development soldier caste in Ter- mopsis, young all alike at time hatching.)
(Historical,
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 23
Hit, G. F., 1922*, p. 370. (Australia, neo- teinic forms of Drepanotermes silvestrii produce nymphs of winged.)
1932*, pp. 149 and 153. (Australia, inter- caste soldiers in Eutermes.)
1942*, pp. 1-479. (Australia, neoteinic re- productive forms developed.)
Hinton, H. E., 1955, pp. 316-326. (Caste de- termination in bees and termites.)
Hormcren, N., 1909*, pp. 201-203.
1912*, pp. 129-153. (As result of method of feeding, three potential germ plasms are released in at least three directions; there must be a germ plasm correlation which finds its expression in the caste correlation, p. 140.)
Hutson, J. C., 1933, pp. D125-129. (Winged adults reared from neoteinic reproductive forms, Ceylon.)
Imms, A. D., 1919, pp. 75-180. (India, caste determination in Archotermopsis, genetic theory.)
Jepson, F. P., 1936, p. 257. (Winged adults reared from eggs laid by neoteinic re- productives Planocryptotermes primus, Ceylon.)
Jucci, C., 1920, pp. 68-71, 95-98. (Caste dif- ferentiation, neoteinic reproductives.)
1921, Pp. 92-95, 1921a, 213-215. (Metabolism of true royal pair reproductives.)
1924, pp. 269-500. (Caste differentiation, neoteinics.)
1925, pp. 98-103. (Problem of the true royal pair reproductives in Reticulitermes lucifugus.)
1926, pp. 404-409. (Problem of the castes, differentiation through change in nutri- tion, origin neoteinic forms, development checked chemo-biologically.)
KatsHoven, L. G. E., 1930, pp. 1-154. (“Con- stitution of the colony,’ hypothesis of caste determination.)
Keene, E. A., and Licut, S. F., 1944, pp. 383- 390. (Results of feeding ether extracts of male supplementary reproductives to groups of nymphs of Zootermopsis ne- vadensis, California, no evidence of ecto- hormonal inhibition male reproductivity.)
Licut, S. F., 1942-1943, pp. 312-326, 46-63. (Determination castes, inhibition theory.)
1944a, pp. 413-454. (Ectohormonal control of development supplementary reproduc- tives in Zootermopsis.)
Licut, S. F., Hartman, O., and Emerson, A. E., 1937, p. 122. (Efficacy of extracts from bodies supplementary reproductives in inhibiting or retarding neoteinic sexual development in isolated nymphs.)
24 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Licut, S. F., and Ixia, P. L., 1945, pp. 1-40. (Rate and extent of development of neo- teinic reproductives in groups nymphs of Zootermopsis; inhibition theory.)
Licut, S. F., and Weesner, F. M., 19474, pp. 244-245. (Development of castes in higher termites.)
1951, pp- 397-414. (Production of supple- mentary reproductives, Zootermopsis; in- hibition theory.)
Liscuer, M., 1951b, pp. 404-408. (Determina- tion substitute reproductives Calotermes flavicollis.)
1952, Pp. 123-141. (Production and elimina- tion of replacement reproductives by in- hibition, Kalotermes flavicollis; when king and queen removed new supple- mentary reproductives appear after about 8 days. Inhibitory influence upon asexual individuals maintained where direct con- tact with antennae or circulation of air. Surplus sexual individuals eaten.)
1952a, pp. 529-543. (Individual growth studies, Kalotermes flavicollis, regression.)
1952b, pp. 289-294. (Ectohormonal control caste determination.)
1953, pp. 74-76, 78. (Ectohormonal control caste determination, inhibition factor; and promotion factor, for soldiers.)
1953a, pp. 524-528. (Can determination be released by a monomolecular reaction, Kalotermes flavicollis?)
1955, p- 186. (Inhibition material produced by sexual adults.)
Marcus, H., 1948, pp. 23-27. (Genetic basis of polymorphism and suppression of sex- uality. Polymorphy present in common “Nasutus” sp. even in egg; horn soldiers visible at very early stages, represents a mutation. As soldiers sometimes lay eggs, crossing with normal forms might give heterozygotic spermatozoids. Origin polymorphy a mating between Termes and “Nasutus,” resulting in a_ poly- morphic heterozygotic termite, with re- cessive horn, from which would result, in Mendelian proportions, r sexual ter- mite, 2 workers in which castration had occurred, and 1 “Nasutus’ soldier in which castration had occurred.)
1949a, Pp. 97-101. (Polymorphism of Nasu- titermes chaquimayensis, Bolivia; classes of Nasutitermes and queen of Rhino- termes nasutus living in same habitat, crossing of this female with a hornless male could produce all existent forms of polymorphism, according to laws of Men-
VOL. 130
del in connection with arbitrary castra- tion.)
Mutter, E. M., 1942, pp. 1-27. (Caste dif- ferentiation Prorhinotermes simplex, Flor- ida, extrinsic (inhibition theory), nymphs may transform to supplementary repro- ductives or soldiers even after attaining wing pads. No permanent well-defined worker caste.)
Monvtatentl, G., 1927, pp. 529-532. (Italy, Calotermes flavicollis colonies kept alive for comparatively long time on diet solu- ble carbohydrates. After 3 to 4 days notable diminution in number of Joenie, Mesojoenie of caecum, after 10 days com- pletely disappeared; caecum became re- duced, other flagellates diminished in numbers. Does not prove that starving Protozoa without depriving termites of food is equivalent to nutrition neoteinics receive in nature.)
1929, pp. 108-128. (Termes lucifugus, Italy, 2 castes recognizable in 3d instar; gonads neuters develop precociously through ex- ternal cause.)
Norror, C., 1949, pp. 600-602. (Development of neuters in Amitermitinae and Micro- cerotermitinae.)
19494, pp. 2053-2054. (Development of neuters in Nasutitermitinae.)
1950, Pp. 475-477. (Development of neuters in Macrotermitinae.)
1951, PP- 447-449. (Development of neuters in Termitinae.)
1953, Pp. 405-414. (Survival depends on group activities, licking, feeding, molting, nutrition not responsible for caste de- termination.)
Pickens, A. L., 1932, pp. hormonal inhibitions.)
1938, pp. 1-2. (U.S., Reticulitermes, workers inhibited reproductiv es, soldiers arise from eggs laid somewhat late, each caste blends with others.)
1940, p. 1. (Reticulitermes, caste arrange- ment, 3 intercastes premature or delayed adulthood gives many subcastes.)
1943, pp. 116-118. (Reticulitermes, caste arrangement, caste taxonomy, intercastes transitional forms.)
1946, p. I. (Reticulitermes, caste arrange- ment, subcastes or hybrids in alates.) 1952, PP. 133-135. (Biochemical control of caste in an insect community, inhibitory secretion in termites, 2 sizes may be ex-
pected in the intercastes.)
178-180. (Ecto-
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1954, pp. 71-74. (Inhibition theory; in R. flavipes colonies in laboratory after 4 years alates produced from primary pair, even in 5th year in 2 distinct sizes.)
Pinto, M. P. D., 1941, pp. 73-105. (Ceylonese Calotermitidae, apterous and brachypter- ous neoteinics developed from undifferen- tiated nymphs in absence of functioning dealated adults in colony, or in groups of immature forms separated from pa- rental nest. Under certain conditions nymph can inhibit development of wing- pads even after latter have attained con- siderable size. Breeding experiments have shown that neoteinics can survive without assistance of immature forms and that they do not necessarily breed true.)
Ross, H. H., 1948, pp. 209-211. (Hormones, inhibition theory.)
Sivestri, F., 1901, pp. 479-484. (Origin of castes.)
1945, pp. 77-89. (Intercaste of Syntermes grandis.
Snyper, T. E., 1913, pp. 487-488. (Differen- tiation soldier during molt and quiescent stage from workerlike form.)
1913a, pp. 162-165. (Changes during molt nymphs first and second forms and soldier.)
1920*, in Banks and Snyder, p. 112. (Food not cause caste differentiation, genetic.)
1925b, pp. 57-68. (Origin castes, genetic.)
1926f, pp. 522-552. (Origin castes, genetic; phylogenetic origin as evidenced by pale- ontology, taxonomy, and breeding ex- periments.)
1933c*, pp. 161-166. (Intermediate soldier- worker in Nasutitermes myersi, Brazil.)
1935¢, pp. 3-4. (Theories of origin of castes, genetic theory favored.)
1948, pp. 4-8. (Theories of origin of castes, inhibition theory most acceptable.) Snyper, T. E., and Popenog, E. P., 1932, pp. 153-158. (U.S., genetic theory origin
castes.)
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 25
Srexia, E., and Guipint, G. M., 1942, pp. 825- 831. (Regression of gonads and evolution sterile castes Trinervitermes eldirensis and Bellicositermes.)
Tuompson, C. B., 1917, pp. 83-136. (US., Reticulitermes, genetic theory origin castes.)
1919, pp. 379-398. (Development castes in 9 genera, 13 species.
1922, pp. 495-535. (U.S., origin castes in Termopsis.)
Tuompson, C. B., and Snyper, T. E., 1919, pp. 115-132. (Phylogenetic origin castes.)
1920, pp. 591-633. (Wingless type repro- ductive form in Reticulitermes and Pro- rhinotermes.)
WEESNER, F. M., 1953, pp. 289-294. (Arizona, Tenuirostritermes tenuirostris, presence of alates inhibits the appearance of young of same line; summary of various theories of caste determination, pp. 289-291.)
Weyer, F., 1930b, pp. 177-190. (Germ glands in workers and soldiers.)
1931, Pp. 353-373. (“Blastogene” and “somatogene” theory of caste differentia- tion. In Eutermes amboinensis no sug- gestion of separation into 2 distinct groups of reproductive and worker-sol- dier individuals as claimed by Thompson (1917, 1922). Eggs contain potentialities for development into specific caste but extrinsic factors as presence quartz crys- tals among eggs (possibly causing un- equal oxygenation?) or differential han- dling or feeding of young by workers may modify the direction of develop- ment.)
1932, pp. 185-186. (Body, not germ, basis; influence of nutrition; first larval stage critical period.)
WHEELER, W. M., 1907, pp. 1-93. (Characters represented in the germ as dynamic po- tencies, not morphological determinants.)
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SECRETIONS
Anprews, E. A., 1916, pp. 56-60. (India, analysis of soil of a mound showed in- creased proportion finer particles than in surrounding soil; analysis of fungus comb, organic matter 75.78% silica 19.09%, potash 0.12%, phosphoric acid 0.35%, lime 1.45%, magnesia 0.60%, nitrogen 1.98%, water 11.9%—all on dry substance.)
Anonymous, 1938, p. 17. (Lime carbonate in mounds, East Africa.)
AurrreT, C., and Tanouy, F., 1949, pp. I10- 112. (Chemical analysis of termites as food, living and fried, for certain races source of protein, fat, and calories.)
BATHELLIER, J., 1922a pp. 399-403. (Nature of the glue of Eutermes.)
Baumann, E., 1882, pp. 419-424. (Analysis of a termite nest from Australia.)
CouEn, W., 1933, pp. 166-169. (Determina- tion cellulose, lignin, and other woody constituents mound Eutermes exitiosus,
26 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
ratio of lignin to cellulose indicates cellu- lose of wood used by termites has been largely degraded, while lignin remained largely unchanged.)
Guipin1, G. M., 1938c, pp. 261-267. (Function of spongy lignin in nests of Metatermi- tidae.)
Grassé, P. P., and Jory, P., 1941, pp. 57-62. (Walls mounds Amitermes evuncifer nearly pure earth, walls larval chambers 45.6% organic matter; walls mounds Cubitermes sp. and Bellicositermes na- talensis nearly pure earth.)
GrirFitH, G., 1938, pp. 70-71. (Analysis soil of mounds different parts Uganda, agri- cultural value.)
Hotpaway, F. G., 1933, pp. 160-165. (Com- position of different regions of mounds (walls and nursery) Eutermes exitiosus in 3 different regions Australia, soil anal- ysis 5 mounds—cellulose, lignin, etc., in- ner wall chosen for laboratory timber tests since its variability in organic con- tent and bulk were more suitable.)
Koro, C. A., and Bows, E. E., zn Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed. pp. 534-539. (Resistant woods.)
Osoima, M., 1919, pp. 337-338, 347-374. (Frontal gland acidulous secretions Cop- totermes formosanus soldier dissolves lime mortar, pp. 337-338; analysis resistant woods of Formosa—sesquiterpene alcohol
and tectoquinone, pp. 341, 347-374.)
VOL. 130
ScuirF, H., 1858, pp. 109-110. (Nests, Java.)
Scutser, K., 1912, pp. 303-310. (Earthen tubes of Eutermes monoccros.)
SHERRARD, E. C., and Kurtu, E. F., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 554-563. (Resistant woods.
SHRIKHANDE, J. G., and Patuax, A. N., pp. 327-328. (Termite galleries.)
Snyper, T. E., 1935¢, p. 56. (Analysis pellets Cryptotermes brevis, mostly lignin, cellu- lose digested.)
1948, pp. 63-64, 153. (Analysis pellets Cryptotermes brevis, mostly lignin, cellu- lose digested, pp. 63-64; chemical ex- tractives in wood, p. 153.)
Snyper, T. E., and Zetex, J., 1924. (Shelter tubes, Coptotermes niger—siliceous ma- terial, lignin, p. 16; Nasutitermes ephratae shelter tube mostly lignin, siliceous ma- terial practically absent, p. 20; shelter tube Microcerotermes arboreus siliceous material, lignin with no evidence of cellular structure present as was present in lignin in Coptotermes tube, p. 21; all tubes from Panama.)
StumpER, R., 1923, pp. 409-411. (Chemical composition nests of Apicotermes occultus, Africa.)
Tinton, L., 1946, pp. 865-868. (Chemical analysis termites as food, rich source pro- tein, value of 100 grams being 560.52 calories, high potassium and phosphoric acid, low in sulfates, oil high acidity.)
1948,
CHEMICAL WARFARE
ANONYMOUS, 1933, pp. 8-9. (Termite secre- tions used in warfare by insects.)
Emerson, A. E., im Allee et al., 1949, pp. 425- 426. (Secretions by Rhinotermes and Nasutitermes.)
Hineston, R. W. G., 1928, pp. 717-725. (India, Eutermes biformis, sticky clear fluid from beak of soldier for defense.)
McLacuian, R., 1878, p. xii. (Termes tri- nervius and ripperti head secretions.)
Snyper, T. E., 1926f, pp. 533-534. (Evolution of frontal gland, from primitive to spe-
cialized termites, as an organ of defense— a sticky white secretion exudes from the tube, very effective against insect ene- mies.)
1935€, pp. 29-31. (Evolution of frontal gland, from primitive to specialized ter- mites, as an organ of defense—a sticky white secretion exudes from the tube, very effective against insect enemies.)
1948, pp. 34-36. (Protective secretions from frontal gland.)
COLD, See TEMPERATURE COMMUNICATION
Emerson, A. E., 1929a, pp. 722-727. (Dis- cussion by Kemner, disagrees with Emer- son on communication by _ vibration strata.)
Futter, C., 1915a, pp. 329-504. (South Africa, calling attitude of females Termes na- talensis, latericius, and vulgaris on grass stems by violently agitating their wings.)
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Hunt, E. H., 1910, pp. 196-197, 268-269. (Kuala Lumpur, Termes carbonarius hammer heads against nest, produce clicking sound.)
Koro, C. A., 1934, 2d ed., p. 11. (By sound vibration.)
Micuener, C. D., 1953, pp. I-15. (Females turn up tip abdomens after flight, odor.)
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 27
Snyper, T. E., 1915, p. 32. (Convulsive move-
ments; odor.)
1926f, pp. 540-541. (Sensitive to vibration; odor.
1935e, pp. 28, 32, 51. (Sensitive to vibra- tion; odor.
1948, pp. 57-58. (Chordotonal organs, per- ceive sound or vibrations; odor.)
CONTROL
Apamson, A. M., 1937, pp. 141-149. (Trini- dad, general, resistant woods.
Acarwata, S. B. D., Jua, M. P., and Sincu, R. P., 1954, pp. 231-232. (India, sugar- cane.
Autiort, H., 1947, pp. 1-3. (Wood preserva- tion,
Anprews, E. A., 1916, pp. 54-72. (Luskerpore Valley, India, tea bushes, prune, good cultivation, mound-building, subterranean termites. )
1924, pp. 118-125. (Ceylon, tea bushes, Calotermes, burn badly damaged; clean out cavity, paint with creosote, fill with cement.)
Anonymous, 1892, p. 201. (Remedies, fruit trees.)
1909, pp. 1-3. (South Africa, fumigation, “Universal Ant Exterminator.”)
1916, p. 59. (Use ammonia fumes, books,
1917, pp. 477-479. (Brazil, destruction mounds by hollowing out chamber in one side at base in which straw or other material is placed and lit—a draught being ensured by a hole driven obliquely through the mound, leading from the top of the combustion chamber to a point high up on the opposite side. Eu- termes rippertii, Termes tenuis, strunkt, and spinosus.)
1921, pp. 290-295. (Australia, chemical treatments, soil poisons.) 1923, pp. 50-55. (Protection airplanes,
astern tropical Africa, keep off ground,
sprinkle naphthalene on ground, shields, wood preservatives.)
1926, p. 22. (Protection buildings, U.S.)
1928, p. 80. (Wood preservation, U.S.)
1930, pp. 45-48, 59. (Panama, test buildings constructed of chemically impregnated timber.)
1934a, pp. 1-4. (Subterranean termites, buildings, Alabama.)
1935a, pp. 7-23. (Kaduna, Nigeria.)
1936, p. 434. (Protection buildings, U.S.)
1936a, pp. 6-7. (California, legislation.)
1936b, pp. 43-44. (Southern U.S., termite- proofing buildings.)
1936c, p. 10. (California, minimum stand- ards repair and treating.)
1936d, pp. 12-13. (Australia)
1936e, pp. 1-7. (US., fire hazard.)
19360, pp. 8-14. (U.S., questions answered by T. E. Snyder.)
1937, p- 19. (U.S., protection buildings, chemically treated timber.)
1937a, p. 2. (US., protection buildings chemically treated timber.)
1937b, p. 66. (U.S., legislation, wood preser- vation.)
1937c, p. 48. hazard.)
1937e, pp. 1-11. (U.S., general.)
1938a, pp. 1-4. (U.S., Better Business Bu- reau’s recommendations.)
1938b, pp. ror-t10. (Philippines.)
1938c, p. 19. (“Virus” used to control ter- mites, Australia, proved to be arsenicals.)
1940, p. 6. (Control subterranean type in buildings in U.S., by structural and chemical barriers, standards for pest con- trol operators.)
1940a, pp. 7-9, 15. (Remedial measures in buildings, U.S. Agric. Adjustment Ad- min.)
1941, p. 139. (Trichinoply, South India.)
1941a, pp. 339-342. (Use of pump to blow hot arsenic and sulfur fumes into nests, South Africa.)
1942, pp. 1-37. (U.S. Dept. Agriculture’s recommendations, structural and chemi- cal methods to control subterranean ter- mites attacking buildings; revision 1949, pp. 1-38, soil poison dosages increased.)
1944, pp. 1-4. (Revision of 1938, 3d ed., Better Business Bureau recommendations, subterranean termites, buildings, U.S.)
1945, pp. I-14. (Cawnpore, India, Ord- nance Laboratories methods.)
1946, pp. 8-11. (U.S.)
1947a, pp. 1-7. (Low-cost housing, Louisi- ana.
1947b, pp. 1-4. (N.S. Wales, Australia.)
(U.S., “jerry-building”
28
1947¢, Pp. 14, 16. (Standard termite clause in connection with sale of properties, US.)
1947d, p. 18. (Northern California PCO’s greet Dr. Thomas E. Snyder and W. O. Buettner August 4-5, 1947, experimental fumigation control dry-wood termite.)
19471, pp. 1, 58-67. (U.S. Army’s recom- mendations for control termites, struc- tural and chemical.)
1948, pp. 1-20. (U.S. Dept. Agriculture’s recommendations for structural and chemical control, prevention, new build- ings.) I951 revision, pp. 1-26. (Soil poison dosages increased.)
1949, pp. 19-21. (Consumers Research Bulletin, control methods, U.S.)
1949m, pp. I-11. (Protection buildings, Tropics.)
1950, pp. 1-4. (Australia, general.)
1950a, pp. 75-105. (South Africa, general.)
1950b, p. 11. (What a termite inspection report (U.S.) should include.)
1951, pp. 1-250. (Approved references pro- cedures, National Pest Control Assoc., US.)
1952, pp. 37-38. (Real estate “clearances” or inspection reports on presence or ab- sence termites, California, Nebraska, Ten- nessee, U.S.)
1953a, pp. 27, 30. (Kansas, U.S.)
19532’, pp. 9-11, 36, 48. (U.S., poison soil before slab laid, install Hill-Smith “termi- pipe” system; pentachlorophenol sprays for foundation timbers.)
1953b, p. 12. (U.S. Schramm air com- pressors and air hammers, penetrate concrete.)
1953d, pp. 29, 34. (Warning by Atlanta, Ga., officials against poor termite control.)
1953g, p. 42. (U.S., slab drilling not ef- fective, space left not filled by chemical.)
19531, p. 29. (Florida, inspection form for report on termite infestation or not— cost $10.00.)
1953m, pp. 20, 22. (U.S., slabs (sealers for expansion joints best where rubber base), clearances for real estate, inspection re- ports, soil fumigants.)
19530, Pp. 37-52. (U.S. Navy’s recommen- dations control subterranean and dry- wood termites, structural and chemical.)
1954a, pp. 43-44, 46. (U.S., “Do it yourself” quotes Dr. T. E. Snyder—employ an expert.)
Aupant, A., 1946, pp. 192-196. (Haiti.) Ayars, J. S., 1948, pp. 86-90. (Subterranean type, U.S.) 1949, Pp. 90, 92. (Subterranean type, U.S.)
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
VOL. 130
Azrvepo, L. A. MARQUE DE, 1925, PP. 392-394. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Bacu, M., 1860, pp. 406-415, 444-460.
Back, E. A., 1940, pp. 365-374. (Fumigation books infested with dry-wood termites in vacuum cylinders.)
Barre, W. J., 1940, pp. 1-27. (Preventing and remedying damage Arkansas, U.S.—USS. Dept. Agriculture’s methods.)
Barre, W. J., and Lincoin, C., 1947, pp. I-10. (Preventing and remedying damage Ar- kansas, U.S.—U.S. Dept. Agriculture’s methods.)
Bartietr, K. A., and Prank, H. K., 1942, pp. 19-23. (Puerto Rico, Cryptotermes brevis.)
Basu, M., 1942, p. 617. (India, books fumi- gated in chamber with 40% formalde- hyde solution for 5 min., then placed on shelves on which were small bags containing a powder equal parts orris root (bach), cloves (labanga), black pep- per (golmorich) and cinnamon (dar- chini). No further attack by termites from May 1940 to May 1942.)
Bates, G., 1926, pp. 4-5. (Australia, Masto- termes, clear timber near fields cane, bait mixture 4 parts arsenic by weight, caustic soda 1 part mixed dry, add water until dissolved, for every pound arsenic add 2 gal. molasses.)
Bates, H. W., 1864, p. timber.)
Beatty, J., 1953, pp. (Kansas City flood 1951 submerged termites 7 days but did not kill them; standard methods con- trol, U.S.)
Besson, C. F. C., 1934, pp. 64-78. (India.)
1934a, Pp. 19-25. (India.)
1941, pp. 44-90. (India, termite-proofing buildings, resistant woods, use of ants in nurseries.)
1941a, Pp. 524-553. (India, termite-proofing buildings, resistant woods, use of ants in nurseries.)
BenTLEY, G. M., and Rocers, J. L., 1931, pp. 1-22. (Tennessee.)
Bercer, B. G., 1947, pp. 1-44. (Illinois; 2d ed., 1953, Illinois, structural, chemical.)
Berkey, M. J., 1865, p. 453. (St. Helena.)
BERNARD, C. (1919) 1920, pp. 28-30. (Java.)
BonavENTuRA, G., 1953, pp. I-12. (Italy.)
Bonavia, E., 1865, p. 237. (Admixture pulp American aloe with a plaster of clay and cow dung, preventive, gaol, Lucknow, India.)
Borror, D. J., and DeLone, D. M., 1954, p. 149. (General.)
185. (Protection
20-22.
<_<
WHOLE VOL.
Branpao, Firuo J. S., 1943, pp. 1-3. (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.)
1949, pp. 6, 32. (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.)
Breck, P. A., 1953, p. 32. (Locate slab heat pipes with isotopes.
Brook, A. A., 1930, pp. 71-73. (California, certified control.
Brown, A. A., 1936, pp. 1-46. (California, structural and chemical, Public Works project.)
Bruce, C. A., 1938, p. 1. (Advice to lumber dealers, U.S.)
Bruce, E. L., 1931, pp. 7-9. (U.S., protection forest products.)
Burns, A. N., 1926, p. 739. (Australia, sugar- cane, remove timber and burn adjacent to fields, clean strip land 1 to 2 chains wide outside infested fields; treat infested fence posts with mixture arsenic, caustic soda, and molasses.)
Burns, A. W., and Muncomery, R. W., 1926, pp. 628-630. (Australia, giant white ant, sugarcane, mixture arsenic and molasses bait, tar treatment interferes with germi- nation, inject %4 oz. paradichlorobenzene on both sides sets, 12 in. apart, 4% in. deep, and 5 in. on each side. Clearing timber near cane fields and poison baits reduce damage to negligible.)
Butter, J. E., 1948, p. 11. (Alabama.)
Cacuan, P., 1950, pp. 1-29. (Madagascar, mechanical, chemical.)
Cuarng, J., 1913, pp. 401-403. (Danger in transport in wood and furniture, France.)
CHAMBERLAIN, W. F., and Hoskins, W. M., 1949, pp. 285-307. (Chemical protection food packages against Zootermopsis; 5% DDT in hot wax practicable.)
CHAMBERLIN, W. J., 1949, pp. 11-27. (US., general.)
CuatterjeE, N. C., BHatia, B. M., and Cuat- TERJEE, P. N., 1950, pp. 263-266. (Anti- termite characteristics of certain chemi- cals, India.)
Crapp, W. F., 1937, pp. 12-14. (Massachu- setts, termite pit controlled experiments, Reticulitermes.)
Crark, A. F., 1949, pp. 392-393. (Buildings, New Zealand.)
Coaton, W. G. H., 1941, pp. 1-4. (South Af rica, protection buildings against Macro- termes, Odontotermes, and Hodotermes.)
1943, pp. 1-5. (South Africa, sodium ar- senite bait, Hodotermes.)
1947a, pp. 713-727. (South Africa, use of toxic smoke generators.)
1948, pp. 1-19. (South Africa, Trinervi- termes, mechanical, chemical.)
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 29
1948a, pp. 97-108. (South Africa, Trinervt- termes, mechanical, chemical.)
1948b, pp. 1-18. (Durban and Port Eliza- beth, South Africa, Cryptotermes brevis.)
1948d, pp. 1-38. (South Africa, Hodotermes and Mucrohodotermes, grazing land, crops, buildings, arsenical baits.)
1949, Pp. 335-338. (South Africa, queen removal ineffective.)
1949a, pp. 1-89. (South Africa, queen re- moval ineffective, subterranean termites, buildings, mechanical, chemical.)
1950, pp. 1-28. (South Africa, queen re- moval ineffective, subterranean termites, buildings, mechanical, chemical, culti- vated areas, harvester, mound fungus growers, carton nesting termites; baits, fumigation, cultural methods, soil poi- sons.)
1951, pp. 263-267, 277. (South Africa, Tri- nervitermes, natural mortality an aid to control, drought main factor in mortality, when occurring in successive years. Dur- ing population peak (70 colonies per morgen) can remove 100% of grass cover of veldt in 2 successive drought years. Control should be undertaken when na- ture has reduced population level to lowest ebb, fumigate nests. If mounds not inhabited, mound fragmentation rec- ommended.)
CockErHAM, K. L. and Smiru, C. E., 1954, pp. 1-12. (Louisiana.)
Cosar, H. G., 1934, pp. 67-73. (Africa, wood preservation, killing queen, destruction mounds, etc.)
Cox, C. L., 1935, pp. 1-23. (Kaduna, Nigeria anti-termite work, resistant woods, wood preservation.)
CraicHEAD, F. C., 1950, pp. 30-31, 43-47. (Nursery stock, timber, U.S.
Cross, J. C., 1942, p. 433. (Crankcase oil as soil poison, U.S.)
Cunua, O. R., 1935-1936, pp. 46-48; 30-32; 46-49; 67-69; 63-64; 1936, 56-57; 26-28. (Rio de Janeiro.)
Davis, J. J., 1937, pp- 1-12. (Illinois, struc- tural, chemical.)
1946, pp. I-12. (Revision of 1937.)
1949, pp. 28, 32. (Responsibility of the pest control operator.)
1950, pp. 1-16. (4th revision of 1937.)
Dawson, T. R., and Doytez, L. A., 1950, pp. ror-r05. (Protection vulcanized rubber with poisonous outer coats, repellents.)
Décamps, M., 1936. (St. Helena, chemical.)
1937, pp. 1-87. (St. Helena, chemical.)
30 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Deapiane, W. K., 1953, pp. 39-40. (US., subterranean termites infesting building without soil contact, water leak, soil poisons ineffective.)
Detrasus, M., Lericre, A., and Pasquier, R., 1933, pp. 28-33. (Algeria, vineyards.)
De Lone, D. M., 1931, pp. 177-180. (Ohio, buildings.)
Denny, C., 1953, pp. 14, 16, 18, 20. (US., inspection slab-type homes.)
1954, Pp. 33-34, 40-42. (Precautions in treat- ing slab-houses.
Deoras, P. J., 1949, pp. 445-446. (Mound- forming termites.
Dievz, H. F., 1921, pp. 87-96. (Indiana, struc- tural.)
1924, pp. 299-301. (Indiana, structural.)
Dietz, H. F., and Snyper, T. E., 1924, pp. 279-302. (Canal Zone and Republic Panama.)
Diter, J. D., 1953, pp. 1-8. (Roll roofing as a soil cover reduces moisture vapor under buildings, prevents condensation and decay.)
Dixon, W. A., 1910, p. 271. (Protection.)
Ducas, D., 1949, pp. 87, 136-139. (U.S., avoid pest exterminators’ racket.)
Dueast, R., 1947, pp. 192-194. (France, DDT Du Pressis, C., 1935, Pp. 423-425. (South
Africa, structural, gas, poison baits.)
D’Urra, G. R. P., 1905, pp. 1-10. (Sao Paulo, Brazil.)
Easter, S. S., 1946, 2 pp. (Army posts, struc- tural, chemical.)
Exeine, W., 1950, pp. 1-747. (U.S., trees.)
Epwarps, W. H., 1939, pp. 1-32. (Jamaica, prevention.)
Exruorn, E. M., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., Pp. 330-333. (Poison dusts, fumigation with carbon disulfide, Hawaii.)
Encperc, A. G., 1952, pp. 23-24. (Urgent need for building standards, U.S.)
Feit, E. P., 1910, p. 34. (New York, U.S.)
Fennan, R. G., 1951, pp. 97-113. (Trinidad and Tobago.)
FERNALD, R. T., and Sueparp, Harorp H., 1955, p. 96. (General.)
Feyraup, J., 1920b, pp. 440-442. (Reticuli- termes lucifugus, France, chloropicrin fumigation.)
1921, pp. 1-135. (R. lucifugus, France.)
1921a, pp. 17-23. (R. lucifugus, France, prevention: careful selection building ma- terial; remedy: fumigation, chloropicrin.)
1924, pp. 241-244. (Reticulitermes flavipes introduced from America to France.)
VOL. 130
1924b, pp. 69-73. (Reticulitermes flavipes introduced from America to France.)
1925a, pp. 47-50. (Termites in wall killed by chloropicrin.)
1937, Pp. 113-126, buildings, France.
1946, pp. 1-128. (General.)
1949, chap. 10. (Buildings, general.)
1949a, Pp. 551-553. (Relative effect of hexachlorocyclohexane and DDT on Re- ticulitermes, France.)
1951, pp. 223-225. (Chemical mixtures in walls, soil poisons, France.)
1952. (Medicine of buildings, termitose.)
1953, pp. 1-158. (Malady of buildings, termitose, general, France.)
Fretcuer, T. B., 1912, pp. 219-239. (India.)
Fonseca, J. P. pa, 1950, pp. 57-84. (Brazil, plantations Eucalyptus poor soil, Sao Paulo, Syntermes, plants 8 to 10 months- old killed, older survive, 70% of 2 million seedlings destroyed. 3% arsenic trioxide in holes—1 Ib. per plant most effective.)
Forses, H. O., 1885, pp. 1-536. (Eastern Archipelago.)
Forses, S. A., 1895, pp. 198-199. (Illinois, structural, chemical.)
Froccatt, W. W., 1905, pp. 632-656, 753-774. (Australia, houses and orchards.
1905a, pp. 1-47. (Australia, fruit trees.)
Frutos, N., 1943, pp. 17-18. (Paraguay.)
Futtaway, D. T., 1920, pp. 294-301. (Ha- wail.)
1926, pp. 68-88. (Hawaii, structural, and chemical, buildings.)
1927a, pp. 117, 123-126. (Hawaii, Snyder’s recommendations for termite-proofing buildings.)
1929a, p. 134. (Hawaii, Snyder’s recom- mendations for termite-proofing build- ings.)
Futrer, C., roor, pp. 84-86. (Natal, South Africa, shields.)
1912, pp. 814-823. (Natal, South Africa, shields, buildings, structural, chemical; soil poisons, fumigation, “Universal Ant Destroyer,” orchards, plantations.)
IgI2a, pp. 345-369, 543-571. (Natal, South Africa, poison baits, soil poisons (solution arsenic), wood preservatives, fumigation (carbon bisulphide), “Universal Ant De- stroyer,” removal queen ineffective.)
1919a, pp. 301-305. (South Africa, Hodo- termes, poison baits, fumigation.)
Furniss, R. L., 1953, p. 20. (U.S., control damp-wood termites, repeated treatments as for carpenter ants, structural modi-
145-154. (Protection
WHOLE VOL.
fications to eliminate moisture, 4 of 1% chlordane solution or pentachlorophenol.)
GazraMBibE, J. B., 1947, p. 181. (Puerto Rico, Cryptotermes brevis.)
Goésswa.p, K., 1942, pp. 37-39, 47-50. (Ter- mite-proofing material.)
1943a, Pp. 13-21, 30-34. (Termite-proofing material.)
1949, pp. 99-134. (Termite-proofing tex- tiles.
GranaM, S. A., 1929, pp. 8, 9, 25, 53, 65, I0T, 215, 224, 235-240. (U.S., general.)
1952 (revision of 1929), pp. 88, 296-300, 304-305, 321, 334. (U.S., general.)
Grassé, P. P., 1936, pp. 265-306. (General.)
Gravety, F. H., 1945, pp. 439-440. (India, paraffin wax as protection ground sheets, books against termites.)
Gutvap1, S. V., 1947, pp. 353-354. (Benzene hexachloride, India.
Gunn, J. W., 1952, pp. 14, 16, 18. (Fulfilling government (Navy) bid.)
1953, p. 20. (California, under slabs 3 lbs. ethylene dibromide per 100 sq. ft., 10% solution sodium arsenite.)
Hacxtey, R. E., 1946, pp. 16, 18. (Inspections buildings for control, U.S.)
Hamirton, M. J., 1933-1934, PP- 337-344, 25- 30. (Buildings, U.S.)
Harris, W. V., 1943, pp. 146-152. (Buildings, East Africa.)
1954d, pp. 455-459. wealth.)
1954€, pp. wealth.)
Harrison, C. J., 1946, pp. 1-18. (India, tea bushes, injections on 3 successive days with 24% oz. of 1.5% gammexane com- pletely destroyed white ants in nests 2 ft. in diameter and 1 ft. deep.)
Harrow, K. M., 1942, pp. 47B-52B. (New Zealand, mandatory inspection buildings, control by poison dust.)
Hartnack, H., 1939, pp. 87-111. (Methods U.S. Dept. Agriculture.)
1943, pp. 1-542. (Methods U.S. Dept. Agri- culture.
Harvey, P. A., 1939, pp. 1-41. (Kalotermes minor, California.)
Hasz, A., 1942, pp. 35-36. (Termite-proofing textiles.)
Haseman, L., buildings.)
Hasster, K., and MesecHer, R., 1949, pp. 16, 18. (Minimum standards, buildings, California.)
Heavier, T. J., Jersey.)
(British Common-
126-132. (British Common-
1944, pp. 1-15. (Missouri,
1936. (Buildings, New
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 31
1937, Pp- 337-341. (Buildings, New Jersey structural.
Hearsey, J.. Rospinson, E. W., and Bates, H. W., 1863, pp. 185-186. (St. Helena, India, and Amazon, resistant wood (Acapu-Amazon), wood preservation.)
Heceu, E., 1922, pp. 14-17. (General.)
Hers, W. B., 1934, pp. 1-4. (Reticulitermes hesperus, California.
1946, p. 19. (Reticulitermes hesperus, Cali- fornia.)
Herrick, G. W., 1914, pp. 1-470. buildings.)
Hespeer, O., 1952, pp. 999-1004. (Preven- tion, soil poisons, wood preservatives.)
Herrick, L. A., 1954, pp. 1-22. (Florida, structural, chemical.)
Hicxin, N. E., 1955, p. 19. (Africa, preserv- ing woodwork.) :
Hun, G.. F., 19304, pps 220-224... (Federal Capital Terr., Australia.)
Hirt W.. Ba 41053,)\pp- 9-11, -30,1. 48. 10U.S., basementless housing.
1953a, p. 37. (Bonds do not guarantee replacements.)
Soe G. L., 1948, p. 34. (New basis, US.
1949, pp. 9-13, 38. (Wall void treatment, US.)
(US.,
1949a, pp. 28-31, 34. (Accepted reference procedures, subterranean termites, U.S.)
Hocxine, B., 1943, pp. 1-6. (How, when, and where to control, India.)
Hover, C. G., 1947, pp. 12-14. (Importance inspection reports, U.S.)
1949, pp. 30, 32. (Fumigation, Kalotermes minor, California.)
Honcxiss, H. E., 1937, pp. 1-14. (Pennsyl- vania.)
Ho.tpaway, F. G., and Huu, G. F., 1936, pp. 135-136. (Poison dusts, white arsenic, Eutermes exitiosus, Australia.)
Hopkins, A. D., 1909, p. 84. (Use sound, dry timber, wood preservatives, drench as kerosene, fumigate, carbon bisulfide, US.
Howe tt, J. L., 1952, p. 27. (Safety measures,
Hunt, E. H., 1910, pp. 196-197, 268-260. (Kuala Lumpur, Termes carbonarius, ‘Universal White Ant Exterminator.”)
Hunt, G. M., and Snyper, T. E., 1930-1950, 1952. (International termite exposure tests, wood preservatives.)
Hunt, R. W., 1949, pp. 959-962. (Poison dusts, fumigation, Kalotermes minor, California.)
32 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Hutson, J. C., 1923, pp. 83-87, 291-298. (Calo- termes, tea bushes, paint cavity with creo- sote, fill with cement, Ceylon.)
Isaac, P. V., 1946, pp. 75-76. (Microcero- termes heimi, India.
IsHERWooD, H. R., 1950, pp. 18-19, 50. (Build- ing terms defined, USS.)
1951; Pp. 22-23. (Vulnerable portions build- ings, US.
James, H. C., 1932, pp. 1-6. (Kenya, pump fumes arsenic and sulfur into nests.) Jannone, G., 1954, pp. 117-118. (Genoa,
Italy.)
Jarvis, E., 1926, pp. 47-50. (Cane pests, Bris-
bane, Queensland.)
1926c, pp. 103-105. (Australia, Meringa, giant cane termite, applying poison baits to infested stumps, roots, and posts, dig- ging out and killing queen, burning old logs and trees on headlands, dipping ends of sets in hydrated tar before planting.)
1927, pp. 85-88. (Cane pests, Brisbane, Queensland.)
Jenkins, C. F. H., 1941, pp. 22-26. (Earth- dwelling termites, Perth, Australia.) Jerson, F. P., 1924, pp. 7-10. (Tea bushes,
Ceylon.
1928, pp. 869-870. (Tea bushes, Ceylon, carbon bisulfide or paradichlorobenzene.)
1929, pp. iv+36. (Termite-proof construc- tion buildings, Ceylon.)
1929a, pp. 307-311. (Tea bushes, Calo- termes, Ceylon.)
1929b, pp. 1-11. (Living plants, Calotermes, Ceylon, paris green 3 to 4 months to kill colony, 3,000 bushes, 244 cents per bush.)
1930a, pp. 191-195. (Tea bushes, Ceylon.)
1931a, pp. 67-69. (Mound-building termites, Ceylon.)
Jepson, W. F., 1939, pp. 40-51. (Crypto- termes, Heterotermes, Nasutitermes, Mau-
ritius.)
Jones, N. L., 1929, pp. 810-812. (Buildings, N.S. Wales, creosote oil.)
JorcENnson, M. G., 1945, pp. 1-92. (Buildings, California.)
Katsuoven, L. G. E., 1952, pp. 1-7. (Java,
Neotermes tectonae, teak trees, when girdled during thinning, infested trees if felled within 8 months, which period may include one dry season, not source infestation surrounding forest; infested trees should be felled well before end second dry season, to protect ungirdled green trees from swarming adults.)
Kamesan, S., 1936, pp. 93-113. (India, pro- tection timber, resistant woods, wood preservatives.)
VOL. 130
Keck, C. B., 1953, pp. 187-194. (Hawaii, buildings, structural.)
Kersey, J. M., 1946b, pp. 65-100. (New Zealand, poison dusts, wood preserva- tives.)
1953, pp. 3-7- (Supplementary termites and control.
Kine, C. B. R., 1938, pp. 195-205. (Ceylon, tea bushes, destroy infested roots, inject paris green.)
Know ttTon, G. F., and CoutaM, J., 1951, pp. 1-2; (Utah, US:)
Koro, C. A. (Ed.), 1934, 2d ed., pp. 579- 765.
Koro, C. A., 1935, pp. 275-278. (California, USS.)
Kowat, R. J., 1949, p. 34. (U.S.)
Kurtert, L. C., 1951, pp. 16, 40. (Prevention, Florida, U.S.)
LacaupE, H., Torrion, L., 1950, pp. 17-20.
LanerorD, G. S., 1953, pp. 36-37. (Southern U.S. buildings, chlordane, soil poison.)
Lecranp, Ep., 1855, pp. 354-356. (France.)
Lewis, B., and Snyper, T. E., 1944, pp. 16-20. (1, 2, 3, 3% principles (mechanical and chemical) control subterranean termites, US.)
Luoste, J., 1950, pp. 71-72. (Chlordane.)
Licut, S. F., 1925, p. 287. (Shielding.)
1925a, p. xiv. (Shielding.)
1929, pp. 1-28. (California.)
Licut, S. F., RanpALL, M., and Wuire, F. G., 1930, pp. 1-64. (California, damp-, dry- wood, and subterranean termites, chemi- cal and structural control.)
Lino, S. L., 1950, pp. 9-11. (Termite agree- ment as a sales builder.)
1952, p. 35. (Legal liability on seller who attempts fraudulent concealment of build- ing infestation.)
Linstey, E. G., 1948, pp. 8-9, 11. termes hesperus, California.)
Lockett, H. W., 1935-1936, pp. 3-4. (Fire hazard.)
Lor, D’A., 1903, pp. 19-31. (Rhodesia, fumi- gation by pumping gas.)
(Reticuli-
1903a, pp. 1290-1291. (Rhodesia, fumiga- tion by pumping gas.) Lomax, J. W., 1950, pp. 1-16. (Nebraska, buildings.)
Lorrz-Penna, H. D., 1940, p. 449. (Domini- can Republic, Cryptoter mes brevis.)
Liscuer, M., 1951, pp. 10-12. (Chemical control.)
Lye, C., and Murpures, L. C., 1949, p. 2. (Mississippi. )
Macartuour, K., 1949, pp. 9-11. (U-S., poles.)
Mac Grecor, W. D., 1950, pp. 1-41. (British
Commonwealth, general.)
WHOLE VOL.
McCain, W. H., 1949a, pp. 24-25. (US., buildings.)
1950, P. 30.
McCarry, W. E., and Fuint, W. P., 1938, pp. 1-19. (Illinois, buildings, structural and chemical.)
1940, pp. 1-23. (Illinois, buildings, struc- tural and chemical.)
McDant1, E. I., 1934, pp. 1-14. (Michigan, buildings, mechanical and chemical.)
1938, pp. 1-14. (Revision of 1934.)
Matramarre and Rostot, 1948, pp. 941-942. (French Sudan, hexachlorocyclohexane and polychlorocyclane.)
Matis, A., 1945, pp. 1-566. (U.S.)
1954, pp. 1-1068. (U.S., revision of 1945.)
Mamet, R., and Durocuer-Yvon, F., 1942, pp. 197-207. (Mauritius.)
Marais, S. J. S., and Tipmarsu, C. E., 1953, pui2.
Martatt, C. L., 1896, pp. 70-76. (U.S., Re- ticulitermes flavipes, buildings, structural methods.)
1902, pp. 1-8. (U.S., Reticulitermes flavipes, buildings, structural methods.)
1908, pp. 1-8. (U.S., Reticulitermes flavipes, buildings, structural methods.)
Miter, A. E., 1926, pp. 1-8. (Illinois, build- ings.
1928, pp. 1-12. (Illinois, buildings.)
Miter, E. M., 1949, pp. 1-30. (Florida, buildings.)
Miter, J. M., 1941, pp. 6-7. (California, charge for inspection buildings recom- mended.)
Mott, F., 1910, p. 239. (Protection wood, chemical preservation.)
1915, pp. 591-605. (Protection structural timbers, wood preservation, Tropics.) Moran, R. N., 1954, pp. 3, 5- (North Zulu-
land, harvester termite.
Morgan, C. S., 1939, pp. 48-52. (Fire hazard of control.
Morris, R. C., 1954, pp. 100-101. (Southern U.S. and Panama Canal Zone, dry-wood termites, sprays or injection trichloro- benzene and thylene dibromide, with chlordane 2%, or BHC.)
MurruHeap, D. M., 1937, pp. 87-91. metal shields.)
Mukerji, D., and Mirra, P. K., 1948, pp. 34-48. (Calcutta, Odontotermes rede- manni.)
1949, pp. 9-27. (Calcutta, Odontotermes redemanni, mechanical destruction nest only if royal pair removed; unrepaired nests have colony killed by excessive growth fungus; if not prevented, workers quickly repair nest.)
(WLS,
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 33
Mutn, F. A., 1926, pp. 153-154, 161-162. (Creosote, impregnated window sills, New Orleans, La., building code.)
NaracanaNn, E, S. and Lat, R., 1952, pp. 21-30. (India, crops, benzene hexachloride effective on seeds and in soil.)
Naupé, T. J., 1935, pp. 1-20. (South Africa, damage to veld by fungus growers and harvesters; plowing, thorough cultivation, arsenic and sulfur fumes, petrol, queen must be killed, poisoned bait.)
NEETHLING, L. J., 1952, p. 65. (Trinervitermes havilandi, South Africa, mechanical frag-
mentation and fumigation—petroleum product.)
NeweE Lt, R. E., 1952, p. 67. (U.S., Chlor-Kill 5 dust.)
1952a, p. 498. (U.S., chlordane.)
New SoutH Watts Forestry CoMMISSION, pp. 1-16. (New South Wales.)
Niruta, K. K., Antony, J., and MENon, K. P. V., pp. 26-34. (India, damage to coconut palms by Odontotermes obesus and control.)
1954, p- 148. (India, organic insecticides.)
Norort, C., and Arriotr, H., 1947, pp. 1-96. (Insulation and general.)
O’Kaneg, W. C., and Oscoop, W. A., 1922, pp. 1-20. (Heat and soil poison.)
Osporn, E. H., 1926, pp. 707-708. (Burdekin District, Australia, giant white ant attack- ing sugarcane controlled by arsenic-mo- lasses bait, when nearby stumps and fences poisoned.)
Osuma, M., 1915, pp. 1-88. (Investigations— in Japanese.)
1917, pp. 1-175. (Investigations—in Jap- anese. )
919, pp. 319-383. (Mechanical and chemi- cal, Formosa.
1920, pp. 314-321, 346-355. (Mechanical and chemical, Formosa.
1923, PP- 332-334. (Pacific region.)
OramenpI, J. C., 1947, pp. 1-22. (Argentina, prevention and remedies, wood-destroy- ing termites.)
Orro, H., 1951, pp. 10-11, 13. (South Africa, Free State farm, Hodotermes mossambi- cus controlled by water.)
Pacxarp, H. R., 1951, pp. 9-10. (Kalotermes, Southern California.)
Parker, D., 1947, pp. 14-15. (U.S.)
Parks, T. H., 1935, pp- 1-8. (Ohio.)
1944, pp. 1-8. (Ohio, Reticulitermes flavipes in buildings.)
1951, pp. 1-11. (Ohio, Reticulitermes fla- vipes in buildings.)
ParneEL1, R., 1930, pp. 1-42. (Punjab, attack
34 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
on cuttings Eucalyptus checked by water- nig with nicotine-impregnated water.)
PareL, G. A., and Pater, H. K., 1952, pp. 133-140. (India, fruit trees.)
Patterson, W. H., 1925, pp. 3-17. (T. natal- ensis, Accra, Gold Coast, in buildings.)
Pepper, J. O., and Geset, S. G., 1952, pp. 1-14. (Pennsylvania.)
Prscort, E. E., 1947, pp. 6. (Resistant woods, Melbourne, Australia.)
Perry, B. K., 1948, pp. 1-15. (Residual tox- icity DDT, benzene hexachloride, chlor- dane against Trinervitermes havilandi, South Africa.)
Pinuerro, J. V., 1949, p. 47. (Subterranean termites, Brazil.
Pomeroy, A. W. J., 1927, pp. 1-21. (Accra and Achinots, Gold Coast, Africa.) Poutirrs, R., 1945, pp. 43-44. (France, Calo- termes flavicollis and Reticulitermes lu-
cifugus.)
QuatreFaces, A. DE, 1853, pp. 5-15. (Use gases.)
Rao, G. N., 1951, pp. 330-331. (Control ter- mites in sugarcane.)
RatcuirFE, F. N., and Cummins, J. E., 1939, pp. 221-228. (Australia, food prefer- ences.)
RatcuirFE, F. N., Gay, F. J., and Greaves, T., 1952, pp. 120-124. (Australia, general, resistant woods, sanitation, structural, chemical.)
Reep, W. D., Bunn, R. W., and Branton, F. S., 1947, pp. 289-293. (Control by U.S. Army Engineers, costs.)
Reep, W. D., Beat, J. A., and Kowat, R. J., 1953, pp- Fi-Fir. (U.S., résumé of re- search on control subterranean and dry- wood termites, structural and chemical.)
Rei, K., 1909, p. 446. (Africa (Equatorial), killing queen.)
RicHarps, P, B., 1917, pp. 338-348. (Malaya, Termes gestroi damage to rubber and coconut prevented by clearing timber.)
Roark, R. C., 1942, p. 14. (Effect rotenone and rotenoids from derris.)
Roney, J. N., 1945, pp. 1-6. (Arizona, pre- vention damage.
Rossi, R. T., and Snyper, T. E., 1934, pp. 755-750. (U.S., poles, soil poisons.) Rowe, V. K., Spencer, H. C., McCorrister, D. D., Hoxiincswortu, R. L., and Apams, E. M., 1952, pp. 158-173. (1% ethylene dibromide highest safe dosage.)
St. Georce, R. A., 1939, pp. 13-15. (U.S., buildings.)
1952, p. 20. (Chlordane emulsion does not kill vegetation when used as soil poison.)
VOL. 130
Sr. Grorce, R. A., and Furry, M. S., 1946, pp. 207-210, reprint pp. 1-4. (U.S., chemi- cal protection fabrics.)
Sanpers, G. E., 1937, pp. 92-94. (Northeastern U.S., metal shields, soil poisons.)
Santos, E., 1954, pp. 43-44, 48. (Brazil.)
1954a, pp. 56-57. (Woods attacked.)
Scumuipt, H., 1950, pp. 1-37. (General.)
1950C, pp. 73, 75. (Wood preservation.)
1951a, p. 6. (Export industry and termite protection, Germany.)
1953, p. 422. (Export industry and termite protection, Germany.)
Scumitt, J. B., 1944, pp. 1-11. (Prevention, remedies, structural, chemical, New Jersey.)
1951, pp. I-12. (Prevention, remedies, struc- tural, chemical, New Jersey.)
Scrwimner, C., 1952, pp. 23, 24. (Slab type construction, U.S.)
1955, Pp. 27, 32. (U.S., mechanical, slab ouses.
Scott, K. G., 1951, pp. 34, 37, 40. (“Seal-off” dirt-filled porches, Southern California.)
1952, p. 36. (Pentachlorophenol, copper naphthenate, carbon tetrachloride, STD— ethylene dibromide, 1 to 2% chlordane, and 350° flashpoint kerosene, slab con- struction, California.)
SERRE, P., 1909, pp. 188-192. (Cuba.)
Suanps, J. S., 1933, pp. 10-11; 6-7. (Southern US.)
Smmeone, J. B., 1954, pp. 661-663. (New York, structural, chemical, building codes.)
Simpson, C. B., 1906, pp. 1-13. (Transvaal.)
SitH, J. H., and Forsgs, A. C., 1944, pp. 83, 85-88. . (New Zealand.)
Smitu, M. W., 1952, pp. 9, 10, 12. (Slab type construction.)
1953, p. 41. (Remove tar stains hardwood floors over slabs with carbon tetrachloride, cleaners’ naphtha, or white gasoline mixed to a thin paste with diatomaceous earth or finely divided talc—after tar has dried.)
SmirH, R. H., 1946, pp. 14-16, 18-19. (His- torical, control Reticulitermes, U.S.) SmytHE, E. G., 1919a, p. 138. (Eutermes
morio, Puerto Rico.)
Snyper, T. E., 1910, pp. 1-12. (Poles, U.S.)
IgiI, pp. 1-6. (Poles, U.S.)
1912, pp. 1-4. (Mine props, U.S.)
1915, pp. 76-82. (Poles, buildings—struc- tural, chemical, resistant woods.)
1916, pp. 26-32. (Plants, buildings—struc- tural, chemical, resistant woods, fumiga- tion.)
WHOLE VOL.
rgi6a, pp. 12-20. (Structural, chemical.)
r91ga, pp. 10-16. (Plants, buildings—struc- tural, chemical.)
tg1gb, p. 58. (Resistant woods, wood preservation.)
1920, pp. 7-20. (Reprint of 1919a by Cali- fornia State Dept. Agriculture.)
r920b, pp. 1110-1112. (Structural, build- ings, U.S.)
1922a, pp. 69-74. (Poles, U.S.)
1925a, p. 389. (Buildings, structural, U.S.)
1925d, pp. 353-354. (Buildings, structural, USS., illustr. pp. 277-278.)
1925¢€, pp. 6-7, 12-13. (Buildings, structural, US.)
1925f, pp. 32-33. (Buildings, structural, US.)
1926, pp. 23-25. (Buildings, structural, US.
1926a, p. 14. (Buildings, U.S., paints, wood preservatives.)
1926c, pp. 1-21. (U.S. Dept. Agriculture’s methods control, structural and chemical (foundation timbers impregnated creo- sote); buildings, stored material, plants; last revision, pp. 1-22, in 1939.)
1926d, pp. 11, 27, 67. (Structural, chemical, buildings, U.S.)
1926e, pp. 14-20. (Poles.)
1926h, p. 254. (Buildings, California.)
1927f, pp. 82-83. (Buildings, structural, chemical.)
19272, pp. 12-13. (Buildings, structural, LOR)
1927h, pp. 15-17. (Buildings, structural, U.S., and wood preservation.)
1927k, pp. 309-314. (Buildings, structural, U.S., wood preservation and fumigation.)
1928, pp. 274-276. (Buildings, structural.)
1928a, pp. 135-138. (Poles, chemical and mechanical barrier.)
1928d, pp. 240-242. (Buildings, structural.)
1929, p. 44. (Buildings, structural, Ha- waii.
1929b, pp. 17-28. (Buildings, structural, chemical, Pan-Pacific area.)
1929¢, pp. 18-38. (Buildings, structural, chemical, general.)
1929d, pp. 143-151. (Buildings, structural, U.S.)
19292, pp. 1-19. (Buildings, structural, U.S., and chemical, Gulf States.)
1920], pp. 1-15. (Buildings, structural, U.S., and chemical, Gulf States, Pacific area.)
1929k, pp. 210-213. (U.S., buildings, struc- tural, chemical.)
19291, pp. 2-5. (U.S. Dept. Agriculture, structural termite-proofing specifications.)
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJECTS—~SNYDER 35
1929m, pp. 5-11, 31-42. (U.S., proper con- struction buildings.)
1929n, pp. 96-108. (U.S., poles, chemical.)
19290, pp. 268-277. (U.S., buildings, struc- tural, termite-proofing provisions.)
1930, pp. 261-269, 290. (General.)
1930a, p. 20. (U.S., buildings.)
1931*, pp. 531-571. (Buildings, structural, chemical.
1932, pp. 228-230, 283. (Buildings, struc- tural, chemical, U.S.)
1932b, pp. 25, 27, 31, 34. (Buildings, struc- tural, chemical, U.S.
1933a, pp. 397-399. (Buildings, structural, chemical, U.S.)
1933b, pp. 1-8. (U.S. Dept. Agriculture, buildings, structural, chemical; revised 1936.)
1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., p. 341. (West Indies, resistant woods.)
1934a, pp. 1-21, revision of 1926c. (General.)
1934b, pp. 5-6, 12. (U.S., buildings, struc- tural, chemical.)
1935a, pp. 70-78. (U.S., buildings, struc- tural, chemical.)
1935b, pp. 115-119, 128. (U.S., buildings, structural, chemical.)
1935¢, pp. 1-6. (U.S., buildings, structural, chemical.)
1935d, pp. 5-6, 28-30. structural, chemical.)
1935€, pp. 128-170. (General, buildings, structural, chemical, stored material, poles, living vegetation; revised 1948.)
1936, pp. 92-94, 103. (U.S., buildings, struc- tural, chemical.)
1937, pp. 26-33. (Louisiana, buildings, structural, chemical.)
1938, pp. 6-9. (U.S., buildings, structural, chemical.)
1930, pp. 7-9. (U.S., buildings, structural, chemical.)
1939a, p. 1. (U.S., soil poisons, wood pre- servatives.
1947, pp. 8-13. (US., buildings, structural, chemical.)
1947a, pp. 36-38, 45. (Panama, wood pre- servatives, buildings.)
1947b, pp. 144-147. (U.S., buildings, struc- tural, chemical.)
1947¢, p. 12. (U.S., buildings, structural, chemical.)
1948 (Revision of 1935¢), Pp. 157-225. (General.)
1949, PP- 432-436. (General.)
1949c, p. 24. (U.S., soil poisons.)
1949d, pp. 264-272. (Buildings, structural, chemical.)
(U.S., buildings,
36 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
1950, pp. 12-14. (Buildings, U.S., fumiga- tion, soil poisons—chlordane emulsion does not kill vegetation.)
1950c, p. 205. (South America, resistant woods.
1950d, pp. 13-16. (Buildings, U.S., struc-
tural, chemical, nonsubterranean _ ter- mites. )
1951, p. 28. (Structural, chemical, build- ings, U.S.)
1951a, pp. 237, 250, 261. (Structural, chemi- cal, buildings, U.S.) 1952b, pp. 34, 48. (Safe use arsenicals as
soil poison, wallboard poison, and as wood preservative.) 1952c, p. 30. (U.S., wood preservative
treatments to prevent reinfestation build- ings after fumigation.)
1952g, pp. 14, 16, 18. (History of research on control, U.S.
1953b, p. 30. (Soil poisons before concrete slab poured, U.S.)
1953e, p. 30. (U.S., excellent control op- erations by some commercial firms.)
1955e, pp. 20-21. (U.S., hazards of slab-on- grade construction, soil poison for con- trol.)
Snyper, T. E., MippLetron, W., and Keen, F. P., 1923, p. 418. (Historical, U.S.) Snyper, T. E., and Reep, W. D., 1949, pp.
1-14. (Structural, chemical.)
Snyper, T. E., and Zetex, J., 1924, pp. 22-24.
(Panama, "buildings, structural, chemical.) 1934, im Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 344-346. (Panama, buildings, structural, chemical.)
Soara, C., 1949, pp. 17, 19. (Brazil, Corni- termes.
Soue, G., 1951, pp. 227-231. (U.S.)
SreEr, H. B., 1952, pp. 26, 44-45. (U.S., struc- tural, chemical.
Srettinius, E. R., 1944, p. 149. (West Africa, airfields rid of termites by bulldozers and chemicals.)
STROTHMAN, H. F., 1949, pp. 13, 36. (Struc- tural, U.S.)
SweeT, C. V., and Jounson, R. P. A., 1936, pp. 1-46. (Use of selected lumber in building, U.S.)
SwEETMAN, H. L., and Bourne, A. I., 1944, pp. 605-609. ’ (Asphalt laminated kraft paper sealed with asphalt-glue adhesive gave some protection against subterranean termites, U.S.)
Tams_yn, N., 1946, pp. 2-3, 3-4. ye
Teoria, T. P. S., 1952, pp. 89-91. (India.)
THEOBALD, F. V., 1903, pp. 158-163. (Sudan, general.)
1904, pp. 104-106,
119-121. (Attack on
VOL. 130
wine corks, buildings in Basses-Pyrénées, France.)
Tuomas, A., 1953, pp. 9-10, 12, 14, 28. (US., advice to commercial operators on bid- ding for Navy contracts and how to do effective work.)
Tuomas, V. E., 1952, pp. 33-34. (Contracts, guarantees, and bonds, U.S.)
Tuompson, W. L., 1933, pp. 84-87. (Florida, injection paris green into citrus trees in- fested with dry-wood termites renders fruit more acid.)
Trrevu, M. O., 1951, pp. 6-13. (Italy.)
Trevor, G. G., Str, 1934, pp. 27-35. (India.)
Tronson, W., 1045, pp. 25-35. (Australia, paint timber with hot solution sodium arsenite. )
Tryon, H., 1903, p. 284. (Castor-oil cake and Gardinia gumifera juice for repelling Termes taprobanes in timber in Australia; also used in repelling termites from growing plants in Central Provinces.)
Turner, N., 1937, pp. 94-98. (U.S., relation State workers to commercial termite con- trol companies.)
1940, pp. 10-11. (U.S., commercial termite control operations.)
1941, pp. 16-17. (Connecticut.)
1944, pp. 6, 8, 10. (U.S., protection build- ings under wartime conditions.)
1947, pp. 12-16. (U.S., control 1947 model.) 1949, pp. 1-8. (Connecticut, buildings.) Turner, N., and Townsenp, J. F., 1936, pp. 209-242. (Connecticut, buildings.) Turner, N., Townsenp, J. F., and Zapper, M. P., 1935, pp. 241-245. (Cost of repairs
to buildings, Connecticut.)
Turner, N., and Zapre, M. P., 1936, pp. 195- 198. (Connecticut, damage and report on the work of control companies.)
1938, pp. 208-217. (Connecticut, case stud- ies in control.)
Turner, N., Zappe, M. P., and TownseEnp, J. F., 1937, pp. 392-396. (Connecticut, buildings.)
Uicuanco, L. B., 1932, pp. 953-955. (Philip- pines, fumigation with carbon bisulfide against Cryptotermes.)
Van ZWALUWENBERG, R. H., 1916, p. 44. (Porto Rico, Leucotermes is Crypto-
termes.) 1918, pp. 25-28. (Porto Rico, Crypto- termes.) Viapo, G. B., 1950, pp. 3, 39.
Von ScureNK, A., 1936, pp. 528-530. (Pre- vention, U.S. VumteT, A., 1911, pp. 83-84.
WHOLE VOL.
Wau, R. O., and Powett, A. R., 1927, pp. 125-140. (Importance nest structure in fumigation with Cyanogas.)
Wanp, B. (Ed.), 1936, p. 9. (Damage over- estimated, proper construction recom- mended.)
Watson, E. B., and THompson, R. W., 1945, pp. 1-5. (Ontario, Canada.)
1948, pp. 1-5. (Ontario, Canada.)
Warson, J. R., 1938, pp. 8, 23. (In banked citrus trees, remedy, U.S.
1940, pp. 3, 18. (Control in citrus groves, US.
Werner, H., 1954, pp. 337-351. (Advances in applied knowledge of termites, Ger- many.)
1954a, pp. 170-172. (Hamburg, Germany.)
Wixinson, H., 1940, p. 72. (East Africa, fumigation mound nests.)
Wirtwer, J. C., 1954, pp. 114-117, 179-180. (U.S., “do it yourself” termite control, soil poisons—chlordane and Terminator crystals.)
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 37
Wo tcort, G. N., 1946, pp. 1-29. (Crypto- termes brevis in Puerto Rico.)
1954, pp. 115-122. (Puerto Rico, chemical; resistant woods.)
Wooprson, A., 1921, pp. 51-86. (Ceylon, buildings, sanitation, structural, poisons, fumigation.)
Woopnouss, E. J., 1913, pp. 1-2. (India, crops, fumigate nests carbon bisulfide, dip sugar- cane sets in saturated solution copper sul- fate or oil emulsion, use well-rotted ma- nure.)
Youn, T. R., JR., 1955, pp. 45-46. (Heat-ex- changer for methyl bromide fumigation.)
Yunas, C. M., and Aziz, C. H., 1949, pp. 34- 35. (Punjab, India.)
ZacHER, F., 1914, p. 35. (Kerosene emulsion to root crown, arsenical poison baits, plants, Tropics.)
ZIMMERN, A., 1950, Pp. 30, 32, 34. (Safety engineering, U.S.
1952, Pp. 29, 30, 32, 34. (Safety factors in use oil products, U.S.)
1952a, pp. 23, 24. (Slab type construction, US.
COURTSHIP
Carpenter, G. D. H., 1936, pp. 93-94. (Males being dragged about by females, mandi- bles of former penetrating abdomens lat- ter, Tanganyika Terr.)
Ernst, E., 1952, pp. 257-259. (“Love-walk.”)
Futter, C., 1915a, pp. 329-504. (South Africa, calling attitude of females Termes na- talensts, latericius, vulgaris on grass stems by violently agitating their wings.)
Micuengr, C. D., 1953, pp. I-15. (Females turn up tips abdomens after flight, odor.)
Myers, J. G., 1938, pp. 7-8. (Epigamic be-
havior Microtermes sudanensis, biting of females during courtship, Sudan.)
Ricuarps, O. W., 1953, p. 173. (Male Pseuda- canthotermes seizes female in flight in air.)
Snyper, T. E., 1915, p. 51. (Amatory pro- cedure in Reticulitermes, U.S., males fol- lowing females, head close to tip ab- domen.)
1948, p. 54. (Amatory procedure in Re- ticulitermes, U.S., males following fe- males, head close to tip abdomen.)
CYTOLOGY
BenkertT, J. M., 1930, pp. 1-3. (Reticulitermes flavipes has 42 diploid chromosomes in macropterous male and male soldier.)
1930a, pp. 97-99. (Reticulitermes flavipes has 42 diploid chromosomes in macrop- terous male and male soldier, male first form reproductive, in primary spermato- cyte, 21 chromosomes.)
1933, Pp. 121-122. (Comparison of chromo- somes of soldier and king, R. flavipes.)
Papoa, L., im Visintin, 1941-1942, pp. 13-17, 1942. (Blood lymph, repartition different elements, differed according to origin “larvae,” nymphs or soldiers, Calotermes flavicollis, Italy.)
Sretxa, E., 1936, pp. 731-734. (Maturing of gonads in Reticulitermes lucifugus.) 1938, p. 30. (Neuters and reproductives Calotermes flavicollis and Reticulitermes lucifugus.) 1939, pp. 81-85. (Cytological behavior of gonads in workers, R. lucifugus.) 19394, Pp. 255-262. (Cytological data on gonads in soldiers of Bellicositermes belli- cosus.) Sretxa, E., and Guipint, G. M., 1942, pp. 825- 831. (Regression of gonads and evolution of sterile caste.)
38 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
VOL. 130
DAMAGE
Apamson, A. M., 1937, pp. 141-149. (Trini- dad, West Indies.)
1938, pp. 220-224. (Lesser Antilles, Crypto- termes, Heterotermes, Coptotermes.)
Aumap, M., 1950a, p. 153. (Pakistan.) AnonyMous, 1864a, pp. 185-186.
1871, p. 233. (Pine logs.)
1890, p. 253. (Cloth and wood.)
1907, p. 26123. (Australia, buildings.)
1912, p. 237. (Australian railway sleepers in India.)
1915 (J.M.C.), pp. 224-281. (Melbourne, Australia, lead-sheathed cable, laid in Jar- rah wood troughing, Termes australis.)
1916, p. 59. (Bookcases, books, Michigan.)
1918, p. 842. (Pacific Coast.)
1919a, p. 83. (Sweet gum woodwork, build- ing, California.)
1921, pp. 290-295. (Australia.)
1923, pp. 51-52. (Eastern tropical Africa, aircraft.)
1934, p. 16. (Indiana.)
1934b, pp. 496-500. (Burlington Railway buildings.)
1935b, p. 1. (Pennsylvania.)
1935¢, pp. 62-63. (San Francisco, Calif., buildings.)
1936d, pp. 12-13. (Australia.)
1942, pp. 1-37. (U.S., revised 1949.)
1943, pp. 44-48. (War materials stored in India.)
1946a, pp. 195-199. (N.S. Wales.)
1948, pp. 1-26. (U.S., revised 1951.)
1948a, pp. 100-112. (British Common- wealth.)
1950a, pp. 1-75. (South Africa.)
1951a, pp. 187-190. (N.S. Wales.)
1952a, p. 30. (Previous legal rulings: Loss not deductible for taxes, not sudden; al- lowed recently where damage was caused in 1 year. Editor doubtful, seller should be liable for sale “termite-free” house.)
19538, p. 148. (Zootermopsis, Reticuli- termes, buildings, British Columbia.)
AssMUTH, J., 19138, pp. 372-384. (“Frass- bilder,” how to determine genus of ter- mite by burrows in wood, Bombay, India.)
1915, Pp. 690-694. India.)
Aupouin, J. V., 1840, pp. 39-41. (Construc- tion timbers, Termes lucifugus, France.)
Bape, E., 1935, pp. 20-22, 29. (General, New York.
3ATHELLIER, J., 1927a, pp. 170-172. (Copto- termes spp., Indo-China.)
(Destruction wood,
Beat, J. A., et al., 1952, pp. 124-126. (South- eastern U.S.)
Beaurort, M., 1866, pp. 527-528.
Becker, G., 1953, Pp. 3-4. (Guatemala.)
1953a, PP- 339-373. (Guatemala.)
Bergson, C. F. C., 1941, pp. 536-538. (India, injurious species.
Biaxg, C. H., 1939, pp. 1-4. (U.S.)
Bose-Moreau, C. J., 1843, p. 8. (Rochefort and Charente-Inférieure. )
BorFINET, PERE, 1853, pp. 145-157. (Charente- Inférieure.
Borror, D. J., and De Lone, D. M., 1954, pp. 148-149. (U.S., general.)
Bouvier, E. L., 1896, pp. 429-431. (Telegraph cable.)
Brinker, R. C., 1936, pp. 81-82, 90. (Hawaii, poles.)
Britton, W. E., 1933, pp. 451-452. (Reticuli- termes flavipes, Connecticut.)
Broun, T., 1905, pp. 430-436. (Calotermes brouni, New Zealand.)
Brown, A. A., 1936, pp. 1-46. (Public Works survey damage to buildings, San Fran- cisco, Calif.; of 765 frame buildings, 618 or 81% infested by wood-destroying in- sects.)
Brugs, C. T., 1946, p. 43. (Lead pipes, lead, rubber insulation.)
BRUNSCHWILER, J., 1951, pp. 67-69. (Wood, general.)
Burceon, L., 1931, pp. 100-113. (Africa.)
Burtant, D. K., 1948, pp. 35-37. (India, thieves of the apiary.
Campos, R. F., 1940, pp. 3-4. (Nasutitermes, Ecuador.
Carayon, J., 1952, pp. 91-92. (Paris, France.)
Carrer, W., 1936, p. 132. (Hawaii, redwood pipe damaged by Coptotermes formo- sanus.)
Castie, G. B., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 286-291. (Zootermopsis, North America.)
Cuen, L. T., 1950, pp. 33-40. (Formosa, dam- age to lead by Coptotermes formosanus and Odontotermes formosanus.)
Crark, A. F., 1938, pp. 177-179. (New Zea- land.
Coaton, W. G. H., 1941, pp. 1-4. (Buildings, South Africa.)
1943, pp. 346-350. (Wallpaper, carpets, cur- tains, South Africa.)
1947, pp. 130-177. (Wood destroyers, South Africa, Transvaal Bushveld, Microtermes and Macrotermes most destructive.)
1948b, pp. 1-18. (Buildings, Cryptotermes brevis, South Africa.)
WHOLE VOL.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 39
1949a, pp. 1-89. (Buildings, subterranean | Fryraup, J., 1911, pp. 150-160. (R. lucifugus
termites South Africa.) 1950a, pp. 3-32. (Cryptotermes, South Africa.)
Coteman, L. V., 1935, pp. 461-463. (No traces old dwellings built in South Carolina in 1852, frame house built at Dedham, Mass., still extant; 80% buildings in U.S. frame.)
Cosar, H. G., 1934, pp. 61-67. (Africa.)
Costa-Lima, A. DA, 1939, pp. 263-327. (Gen- eral.)
Cowan, T., 1865, pp. 132-137. (General.)
Crawrorp, D. L., 1919, p. 13. (Hawaii, Coptotermes destroying boxes in water- front warehouses; Cryptotermes destroy- ing shooks in the bundle.)
CunnincHaM, R. E., 1922, pp. 65-68. (USS., utility poles.)
Derry, D. E., 1911, pp. 245-246. (Skulls and bones.)
Dietz, H. F., and Snyper, T. E., 1924, pp. 279-302. (Canal Zone and Republic of Panama.)
Doane, R. W., Van Dyke, E. C., CHAMBER- Lin, W. J., and Burke, H. E., 1936, pp. 408-423. (Termites of the forest, U.S.)
Donen, C. A., 1885, p. 61. (General.)
Du Ptessis, C., 1931a, pp. 1-7. (South Africa, buildings.)
1935, Pp. 423-425. (South Africa, build- ings.
D’Urra, G. R. P., 1905, pp. 1-10. (Sao Paulo, Brazil.)
Easter, S. S., 1946, 2 pp. (U.S., Army posts.)
Epwarps, W. H., 1937, pp. 1-11. (Kingston and St. Andrew area, Jamaica (British West Indies), damage to buildings has markedly increased in recent years.)
Enruorn, E. M., 1915, pp. 55-56. (Hawaii, Coptotermes, Douglas fir timber in band- stand, Honolulu.)
1929, p. 230. (Hawaii, Coptotermes, “Ohia” hard wood.)
1934, 12 Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 322-330. (Ha- waii, buildings.)
1936, p. 132. (Hawaii, electric cables shorted by Coptotermes formosanus.)
EscHericH, K., 1910a, pp. 168-185. (Colonies, German.
Igt1*, pp. 162-166. (Ceylon, buildings.)
Evans, J. W., 1952, p. 68. (British Common- wealth, except British Isles, India, and Pakistan.)
Ferry, P., 1947, pp. 37-39-
Ferman, T., 1871, p. 171. (? Termes tenuis, St. Helena.)
in cities or towns, France; vibration rail- way ties, poles did not prevent attack.) 1921, pp. 1-135. (R. lucifugus in cities or towns, France; vibration railway ties, poles did not prevent attack.) 1924, pp. 241-244. (Termite of Saintonge.) 1924b, pp. 69-73. (Termite of Charentes.) 1953, pp. 1-158. (Reticulitermes and Calo. termes, France.)
Fitcn, A., 1858, p. 694. (New York, chest- nut posts and rails; white pine most sus- ceptible of trees.)
Forses, S. A., 1895, pp. 192-198, frontispiece, pls. 12, 13. (Book, document, cement, shelving, buildings, beehives, Illinois.)
Franssen, C, J. H., 1937, pp. 3-5. (Java, elec- trical conduits.)
Froccatt, W., 1905, pp. 632-656. (Australia, buildings.)
1923, pp. 14-23. (Australia.)
1926, pp. 289-291. (Australia, wood.) 1926a, pp. 318-320. (Australia, hoop pine.) 1927, pp. iv-+1o07. (Australia.)
Futtaway, D. T., 1912a, p. 72. buildings.)
1925, p. 19. (Hawaii, buildings.) 1926, pp. 68-88. (Hawaii, buildings.) 1926a, pp. 335-349. (Hawaii, buildings.) 1927, pp. 170-176. (Hawaii, buildings.) 1927a, pp. 123-126. (Hawaii, buildings, - school buildings, Honolulu.)
Futter, C., 1912a, p. 345-369, 543-571. (South Africa, Natal.)
Gaskin, J. A., 1950, pp. 8, 15. (Alabama, thousands of dollars lost annually.) Gassirs, J. B., 1855, pp. 427-428. (Bordeaux,
France, introduced.
Gay, F. J., 1946, pp. 330-334. (Australia, Cop- totermes frenchi, building.)
Grant, R. R., 1877, p. cclxix. (Termes fla- vipes, St. Louis, Mo.)
Grassé, P. P., 1937*, pp. 1-100. (French West Africa.)
Greenwoop, W., 1940, pp. 211-218. (Timber, Fiji.)
Guérin-MEneEviLte, F. E., 1864, pp. 94-96.
Hacen, H. A., 1876a, pp. 401-410. (General, and probable danger from flavipes in U.S., will retreat with advancing civiliza- tion.)
1884, pp. 167-172.
Hattsrep, C. T., Hyatt, M., and Dunnam, B. E., 1954, pp. 1-46 and appendix. (Cali- fornia, details of percentage of termite- infested buildings in various areas; rec- ommendations for the use of pressure- impregnated sills in buildings.)
(Hawaii,
40 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Harris, W. V., 1949, pp. I51-155. (East Af-
rica. 1954¢, pp. wealth.
Harvey, P. A., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 239-265. (Kalotermes minor.)
Herrick, G. W., 1914, pp. 1-470. (Buildings, US.)
Hn, G. F., 1921, pp. 1-26. (North Aus- tralia.)
Hut, W. B., im Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 614- 615. (Memphis, Tenn.; of 2,500 buildings 1931, 77% infested.)
HorrMan, H., 1926, pp. 105-106. (Buildings.)
Jackson, B., 1948, pp. 232-234, 238. (Build- ings, U.S.)
James, H. C., 1932, pp. 1-6. (Kenya, bridge treated bands, eat cotton or wool bands.)
Jepson, F. P., 1929, pp. iv+36. (Buildings, Ceylon, mechanical, chemical.)
Jounson, W. G., 1902, pp. 2-3. (Termes fla- vipes, buildings, Baltimore, Md.)
Jones, G. D., 1953, pp. 52-53. (Carolinas- Virginia, buildings.)
Jouter, L. H., 1893, pp. 89-90. (U.S., Termes flavipes, buildings.)
Jucci, C., 1938. (Italian East Africa.)
KatsHoven, L. G. E., 1931, pp. 34-35. (Pierc- ing lead-sheathed telephone cables by Coptotermes, Java.)
1937, pp. 5-6. (Electric conduits, Java.)
Keen, F. P., 1938, pp. 161, 162-163. (Western U.S., lumber, forest products, buildings.)
1952, pp. 15, 16, 180, 182, 206, 208, revision 1938.) Kinostey, C. H., 1942, p. 76. (Reticulitermes
126-132. (British Common-
tibialis in cottonseed hulls, on bare ground, California.) Korow, C. A., 1929, pp. 1-5. (Buildings,
wood, California.) 1930, pp. 298-306. (U.S., California, reason for termite problem.)
Kororp, C. A., and Garvanp, E. A., 1929, pp. 1-4. (California, mode of attack by the sound-wood termites on buildings.)
Koppen, F. T., 1881, pp. 87-88. (Termes lu- cifugus in the District of Odessa, Russia.)
KuwayaMa, S., 1935, pp. 658-662. (Buildings, Formosa.)
Layarp, E. L., 1866, p. xii. (James Town, St. Helena, buildings, tin cans eroded, teak not attacked.)
Lesorur, A., 1901, p. 306. (Zambesi, Rho- desia, coat and boots destroyed.)
Lerroy, H. M., 1923, p. go. (In Dr. Mitchell’s Cairo-to-Cape flight, the wood skids and frame of the aeroplane were attacked in one night’s halt.)
VOL. 130
Licut, S. F., 1929, pp. 1-28. (California.)
1929a*, pp. 421-452. (Philippines, Copto- termes vasator.)
1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed. (U.S., pp. 234-238; Mexico, pp. 335-336; Philippines, pp. 347- 349.
Long, J. D., 1941, pp. 48-50. (U.S., protection adobe buildings, sanitation, shields, wood preservatives. )
Lone, S. W., 1932, pp. 102-103. (U.S.)
Lyte, C., 1927, pp. 11-16. (Mississippi, build- ings.
McCay, W. H., 1949, pp. 22-24. (Present-day problem.)
McDani1, E. I., 1920, p. 124. (Reticulitermes flavipes, Michigan.)
1934, pp. 1-14. (R. flavipes, Michigan.)
1938, pp. 1-14. (R. flavipes, Michigan.)
McLacuian, R., 1884, p. 185. (Books, Cal- cutta.)
Marina, G., 1929, pp. 28-29, 64-65. (Province Zamora, Spain.
Marratrt, C. L., 1902, p. 5. (Rarity of books in New Spain due to white ants.)
Marguss, L. A. pe A., 1925, pp. 1-2. (Leuco- termes tenuis, Brazil.)
MarroreLt, L. F., 1939, pp. 184-185. (Crypto- termes brevis and Nasutitermes, Aragua, Venezuela.)
Massisor, J. A., 1946, pp. 517-518. (Micro- cerotermes parvulus, North Senegal.) MEttiss, J. C., 1875, pp. 171-176. (St. Helena, Termes tenuis destroyed £60,000 worth
of property.)
MeErRwE, C. P. vAN DER, 1921, pp. 266-267. Schedorhinotermes putorius in floors building, Pretoria.)
Miter, D., 1939, pp. 57-65. (Coptotermes, New Zealand.)
1940-1941, pp. 333-334. (New Zealand, hardwood and softwood timbers.)
Muts, H. B., 1941, pp. 1-28. (Montana.)
Mon, F., and Swezey, O. H., 1926, pp. 331- 335. (Hawaii.)
MULLEN, J. A., 1942, pp. 529-530. (U.S., lead foil seals and corks wine bottles in wooden boxes on concrete floor, straw jackets on bottles alive with Reticuli- termes flavipes, none drowned by wine.)
1947, p. 164. (U.S., in cold frames.)
Nasuco, J., 1943, pp. 1-87. (Books, Brazil.)
Natoper, V. S., 1948, pp. 469-471. (New Zea- land, subterranean termites.
Naupé, T. J., 1940, pp. 879-886. (South Af rica.
Netson, G. N., 1941, p. 30. (Tax status of loss : termite damage—not deductible, US.
WHOLE VOL.
Newe t, R. E., 1952a, p. 498. (U.S., bottom boards, beehives.)
Parks, T. H., 1948, pp. 1-11. (Ohio, build- ings.
1948a, pp. 3, 47. (Like communists, dam- age done while hidden.)
1951 (Revision of 1948), pp. 1-11. (Ohio, buildings.)
Pater, G. A., 1949, pp. 8-9. (Gujarat.)
Patet, G. A., and Pate, H. K., 1953, pp. 376- 378. (Bombay.)
Patterson, W. H., 1927, pp. 35-48. (Gold Coast.)
Perry, C. M., 1947, p. 9. (Ohio.)
Pickens, A. L., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 172-182. (Reticulitermes hesperus, Pacific Coast, U.S.)
Pickens, A. L., and Licurt, S. F., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., p. 198. (Heterotermes aureus in poles, California.)
Priessis, See Du PLessis.
PoMERANTZ, C., 1954, pp. 24, 36, 38, 40. (New York, $50,000 slab home damaged be- cause wood stakes to hold trim were driven through gravel before concrete slab was poured.)
RatciirFE, F. N. (Chairman), 1948, pp. 100- 112. (British Commonwealth.)
RatcuirrE, F. N., Gay, F. J., and Greaves, T., 1952, pp. 1-124. (Australia, pp. 47-48, subterranean cables.)
Riney, C. V., 1870, p. 11. (Termes frontalis, plant houses, Schoénbrunn, “Germany.”)
1877, p. 43. (Termes flavipes, much dam- age in some parts Germany.) 1877a, p. 269. (Termes flavipes, US.)
Rippey, T. M., and Hess, J. J., 1947, pp. 95- 96. (U.S.)
Ross, H. H., 1948, pp. 259, 499. (U.S., build- ings, books, furniture.)
Ross1, R. T., and Snyper, T. E., 1934, pp. 755- 756. (Utility (RCA) poles, Long Island, New York.)
ScHmipT, H., 1951, pp. 371-372.
1954, pp- 8-9.
Scupper, S. H., 1891, pp. 15-16. (New Eng- land, wooden tubs, plants in greenhouse, cabbage. )
Seoanz, V. L., 1878, pp. ccxxv-ccxxvii. (Span- ish man-of-war destroyed by Termes dives while lying in Port of Ferrol.)
SHau, N. H., 1946, pp. 241-250. (India, cot- ton fibers.)
Sumer, H., 1870, p. 324. (U.S., Termes fla- vipes, “bookworms.”)
Surpiey, A. E., 1925, pp. 244-246. (Trinidad, books.)
Sinciar, W. F., 1897, p. 147. (India.)
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 4I
Smytu, E. G., 1919, pp. 126-127. (Puerto
Rico, Eutermes morio.)
191ga, p. 138. (Puerto Rico, Eutermes morio, sugarcane.)
Snyper, T. E., 1910, pp. 1-12. (U.S., utility
poles.)
1911, pp. 1-6. (U.S., utility poles.)
1912, pp. 1-4. (U.S., mine props.)
1915, pp. 75-76. (U.S., general.)
1916, pp. 1-32. (U.S., buildings, stored products, vegetation.)
1gI6a, pp. 1-20. (U.S., buildings, stored products, vegetation.)
191ga, pp. 1-16. (U.S., buildings, stored products, vegetation.)
1920*, in (Banks and) Snyder, pp. 87-213. (General.)
1920b, pp. 1110-1112. (U.S., buildings.)
1922a, pp. 69-74. (U.S., poles and telephone equipment.)
1924, p. 32. (U.S., Atlantic Coast, Kalo- termes, poles.
1925a, p. 389. (U.S., buildings.)
1925d, pp. 277-278. (U.S., buildings.)
1925d’, pp. 253-254. (US., buildings.)
1925¢€, pp. 6-7, 12-13. (U-S., buildings.)
1925f, pp. 32-33. (U.S., buildings.)
1926, pp. 23-25. (U.S., buildings and stored material.)
1926a, p. 14. (U.S., buildings.)
1926c, pp. 1-22. (U.S., buildings, general; p. 2, map showing distribution damage by subterranean and nonsubterranean ter- mites; revised 1939.)
1926e, pp. 14-20. (U-S., poles.)
1926g, pp. 277-280. (Metal.)
1926h, p. 254. (California.)
1927b, pp. 316-321. (Million dollar annual damage to buildings, Honolulu, Terr. Ha- waii; 80% frame buildings New Orleans, La., have been damaged, 50% business buildings at Pasadena, Calif., some dan- gerously.)
1927f, pp. 82-83. (Buildings, U.S.)
1927h, pp. 15-17. (Buildings, U.S.)
1927k, pp. 309-314. (Buildings, U.S.)
1928, pp. 274-276. (Buildings, U.S.)
1928a, pp. 135-138. (Poles, California.)
1928c, p. 381. (Coptotermes dissolves lime mortar foundations by secretion from frontal gland.)
1928d, pp. 240-242. (Buildings, U.S.)
1929, p. 44. (Hawaii.)
1929b, pp. 17-28. (Pacific area.)
1929¢, pp. 18-38. (General.)
1929d, pp. 143-151. (Buildings, U.S.)
1920f, p. 18. (Tropics.)
1929g, pp. 1-19. (Gulf States.)
42 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
1929h, pp. 154-158. _
1929j, pp. 1-15. (Pacific area.)
1929k, pp. 210-230. (Buildings, U.S.)
1929n, pp. 96, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108. Buildings, poles, U.S.)
1930, pp. 261-269, 290.
1930a, p. 20. (Buildings, U.S.)
1931*, pp. 531-571. (General.)
1932, pp. 228-230. (General.)
1932a, p. 27. (Wood, U.S.)
1932b, pp. 25, 27, 31, 34. (Buildings, U.S.)
1933a, Ppp. 397-399. (Buildings, U.S.)
1933b, pp. 1-8. (Buildings, U.S., revised 1936.)
1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 187-195. (East- ern U.S., subterranean termites; 40 mil- lion dollar annual damage, buildings. Eastern U.S., nonsubterranean termites, pp. 269-272.) a
1934a, pp. 1-22. (Revision of 1926c, US., general.)
1934b, pp. 5-6, 12. (U.S., buildings.)
1935a, pp. 70-78. (U.S., buildings.)
1935¢, pp. 1-6. (U.S., buildings.)
1935d, pp. 5-6, 28-30. (U.S., buildings.)
1935€, pp. 106-109. (List materials dam- aged by termites.)
1937, pp. 26-33. (Louisiana, buildings.)
1938, pp. 6-9. (U.S., buildings.)
1938, in Hyslop, p. 43. (U.S., buildings, $40,000,000 annual damage.)
1939, pp. 7-9. (U.S., buildings, $40,000,000 annual damage.
1947b, pp. 144-147. (U.S., buildings, $40,- 000,000 annual damage.
1948, pp. 58-59, 117-135. (Revision of 1935e, list materials damaged, pp. 58-59, 123, timber where heavy vibration not at- tacked.)
1949, pp. 432-436. (U.S., buildings.)
1949d, im Burton, 1949, p. 264. (General.)
1950, pp. 12-14. (U.S., buildings.)
1950a, 1m Craighead, 1950, pp. 87, 90-93. (Eastern U.S., buildings, general.)
1950d, pp. 1-16. (Dry-wood and other non- subterranean termites, map _ northern limit damage in U.S., p. 3.)
1951a, pp. 237, 250, 261. (U.S., buildings.)
1953, pp. 27-28. (U.S., buildings.)
1953¢, p. 30. (U.S., northern areas severe damage, limits damage in New England.)
1954, Ppp. 27-28. (Damage to carpet by Re- ticulitermes, U.S.)
1954b, pp. 1-64. (U.S., general.)
1954h, in Greathouse, G. A., 1954, pp. 204- 211. (World damage and control.)
1955b, pp. 48, 56. (Damage to plastics and fabrics, U.S.)
VOL. 130
1955d, pp. 28, 30. (Panama, C.Z., Copto-
termes damage to lead-sheathed cables.)
Snyper, T. E., and Reep, W. D., 1949, pp. 4-11. (General.)
Snyper, T. E., and Zerek, J., 1924, pp. 1-26.
(Panama and Canal Zone, general.) 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 342-346. (Pan- ama and Canal Zone, general.)
Souza, A. O. pz, 1948, p. 561. (Brazil, Corni- termes.)
Spencer, G. J., 1937, Pp. 42-43. (British Co- lumbia, buildings, poles, Zootermopsts, Reticulitermes hesperus, former in dry wood.)
Srerr, H. B., 1952, pp. 26, 44-45. (U.S., build- ings.)
StemBerc, W. T., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 756-765. (California, association ter- mite damage with earthquakes.)
Strone, V. E., 1953, pp. 1-2. (California, regional survey percentage damage to buildings by subterranean and drywood termites.)
Tiretii, M. O., 1951, pp. 6-13. (Italy, Re- ticulitermes.)
Titus, R. T., 1949, p. 17. (U.S., general.)
Turner, N., Townsenp, J. F., and Zapper, M. P., 1935, pp. 241-245. (Connecticut, Reticulitermes flavipes.)
Turner, N., and Townsenp, J. F., 1936, pp. 209-242. (Reticulitermes flavipes, Con- necticut.)
Turner, N., and Zappg, M. P., 1936, pp. 195- 198. (Reticulitermes flavipes, Connecti- cut.)
Van Dyre, E. C., 1927, p. 95. (Kalotermes minor honeycombing redwood bastions old Fort Ross, Sonoma County, Calif.)
Van ZWALUWENBURG, R. H., 1916, p. 43. (Eu- termes morio, Porto Rico.)
1918, pp. 25-28. (Eutermes morio is Crypto- termes sp., Porto Rico.)
Von Scurenk, H., 1936, pp. 528-530. (U.S.)
Wann, B., 1936, p. 9. (U.S., damage grossly overestimated.)
Warp, G. A., 1923, pp. 12-15. (New Zealand, Calotermes brounit.)
Waterston, J. M., 1937, pp. 67-69. (Bermuda, Calotermes castaneus.)
Werner, H., 1937, pp. 593-596. (Hamburg, Germany, Reticulitermes flavipes.)
1939, p. 40. (Hamburg, Germany, Reticuli- termes flavipes.)
1942a, pp. 1-7. (Hamburg, Germany, Re- ticulitermes flavipes.)
1951, pp. 259-265. (Hamburg, Germany, Re- ticulitermes flavipes.)
WHOLE VOL.
1952, pp. 829-832. (Hamburg, Germany, Re- ticulitermes flavipes.)
1953, pp. 191-192. (Hamburg, Germany, Re- ticulitermes flavipes.)
Wexcu, M. B., 1929, pp. 47-53. (Australia, buildings.)
Wuson, H. B., 1952, pp. 471-472. (Copto- termes in buildings in Melbourne, nest in nearby tree.)
Wirnycomss, R., 1928, p. 1. (Zanzibar, in- sulation (rubber) on cable.)
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 43
Wotcott, G. N., 1921, pp. 1-14. (Puerto Rico.) 1927, pp. 153-162. (Haiti.) 1946, pp. 1-29. (Puerto Rico, Cryptotermes brevis.) Wo rcott, G. N., and Sern, F., 1924, pp. 138- 149. (Puerto Rico.) 1939, pp. 1-26. (Puerto Rico.) Woopeson, A., 1921, pp. 51-86. (Ceylon, buildings.)
DAMAGE TO LIVING VEGETATION
Acarwata, S. B. D., Nagvi, S. Z. H., and Sincu, R. P., 1954, pp. 99-100. (India, aldrin and dieldrin outstanding insecti- cides against Microtermes obesi and Odon- totermes assmuthi attacking sugarcane.)
Avisert, H., 1951, pp. 9-174. (Cacao, West Africa.
Ato, A., 1885, pp. 89-94. (Grape vines, Ca- tania, Sicily.)
Anprews, E. A., 1916, pp. 54-72. (Tea bushes, mound-builders and subterranean ter- mites, India.)
1924, pp. 118-125. (Tea bushes, Calotermes, Ceylon.)
Anonymovs, 1871, p. 233. (Pine logs.)
1889, p. 293. (Tea plants, Termes fatalis, Ceylon.)
1889a, p. 340. (Trees, Australia.)
1892, p. 201. (Fruit trees, U.S.)
1897, p. 484. (Agriculture, Termes tapro- banes, India.)
1898, p. 434. (Agriculture, Termes tapro- banes, India.)
1914, p. 74. (Cane plants in field, Eutermes acajutlae, Antigua and Porto Rico.)
1914a, pp. 301-304. (Vines, near Bordeaux, rance.
1g17a, p. 390. (Hawaii, Coptotermes for- mosanus, sugarcane.
1gt8a, p. 253. (Florida, Termes flavipes, citrus trees.)
1920, pp. 206-208. militaris ?, crops.)
1920a, p. 469. (Pacific Coast, U.S., prune trees.)
1g21a, (San Tomé, Microcerotermes doli- chognathus, cacao.)
1925, pp. 739-745. (Australia, sugarcane.)
1926a, pp. 4-5. (Australia, sugarcane, Masto- termes darwintiensis.)
1927a, pp. 86-88. (Coptotermes acinaci- formis.)
1942a, pp. 3-17. (Australia, pp. 16-17, Termes lacteus, orchard pest.)
(Ceylon, Calotermes
1954¢, p. 910. (Parancotermes simplicicornis killing Eucalyptus trees, Tucson, Ariz.) AULMANN, G., 1913, pp. 83-91. (Rubber trees.) AZEMARD, (_ ). 1914, pp. 106-110. (Senegal, ground nuts.)
Battou, C. H., 1945, p. 87. (Venezuela, plants.)
Batiou, H. A., 1912, pp. 74-75. (St. Kitts, cotton.)
Banks, C. S., 1904, pp. 1025-1026. (Philip- pines, cacao.)
Bates, G., 1926, pp. 4-5. (Australia, sugar- cane, Mastotermes in sandy soil.)
BATHELLIER, J., 1927, pp. 121-165. China, vegetation, crops.
1933, Pp. 747-750. (Indo-China, vegetation.)
Batra, H. N., 1942, p. 15. (Muicrotermes mycophagus, fruit, N.W. Frontier Prov- ince, India.)
Beekman, H., 1919, pp. 21-30. (Calotermes tectonae, teak, Batavia, Java.)
BEELEY, F., 1934, pp. 160-175. (Kuala Lum- pur, Malaya, rubber trees.)
Bergson, C. F. C., 1941a, pp. 537-538. (India, trees in nurseries, plantations; mature rubber trees, tea bushes.)
Bett, A. F., 1939, pp. 45-59. (Queensland, Coptotermes acinaciformis, minor dam- age to mature sugarcane, p. 52.)
BEQuaERT, J., 1925, pp. 289-294. (Amazon, Neotermes castaneus, guava trees.)
Brercer, E. W., 1918, pp. 190-191. potatoes, Florida.
Borra, G. D., 1949, p. 65. (Calotermes flavi- collis, Reticulitermes lucifugus, plants, Italy, general comments.)
BonaveNTuRA, G., 1953b, p. 893. (Italy, plane tree.)
Bonpar, G., 1939, pp. 16-17. (Eutermes rip- perti and Calotermes wagneri, subsp. pe- destans, cacao, Bahia, Brazil.)
Box, H. E., 1953, pp. 56-58. (Lists termites attacking sugarcane, world.)
(Indo-
(Sweet
44 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Bruner, S. C., ScARAMUZZA, L. C., and OTERO, A. R., 1945, PP. 35-36 44, 129, 157. (Plants, Cuba.)
Buenion, E., and Pororr, N., 1910*, pp. 107- 123. (Rubber trees, Coptotermes, Ceylon.)
Burns, A. W., and Muncomery, R. W., 1926, pp. 628-630. (Australia, giant white ant major cane pest over Lower Burdekin, in sandy soil, mixture arsenic and mo- lasses bait; tar treatment interferes with germination; inject %4 oz. paradichloro- benzene on both sides sets 12 in. apart, 4% in. deep, and 5 in. on each side.)
Buzacort, J. H., 1947, pp. 135-140. (Sugar- cane, Masotermes, etc., North Queens- land.)
1948, pp. 136-141. (Sugarcane, Masotermes, etc., North Queensland.)
Bynum, W. M., 1951, pp. 966-967. (Citrus trees, Paraneotermes, lower Rio Grande Valley, Tex.)
Capra, F., and Guipint, G. M., 1946, pp. 42-46. (Cabbage, Jerusalem artichoke, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Italy.)
CarescuE, L., 1937, pp. 195-212. (Hevea and Kapokier, Coptotermes curvignathus, Indo-China.)
Carter, W., 1949, pp. 761-766. (Pineapple, Brazil, South America, bore into stumps, cause wilt, scattered, isolated plants, p. 764.)
Cassipy, T. P., Romney, V. E., BucHANan, W. D., and York, G. T., 1950, p. Io. (Guayule nursery stock, Amitermes tubi- formans, South Texas.)
Cavara, F., 1922, pp. 190-194. (Plants, Italy.)
Cuaing, J., 1910, pp. 486-487. (Plants, France.) IQII-I912, pp. 678-680; 113-115. (Plants, France.)
1912, pp. 490-492. (Plants, France.) 1919, pp. 61-67. (Plants, France.) 1920, pp. 250-255, 281-285. (Plants, France.)
CuatrTerjeE, N. C., 1939, pp. 15-24. (Termes horni collected in sandal forests, India.)
Cutesa Motrnart, O., 1942, p. 107. (Plants, Argentina.)
Crock, Q. C., 1932, p. 124. (Rice plants, Coptotermes formosanus, Hawaii.)
Crampotnt, M., 1954, pp. 291-300. (Tuscany, biology and damage to living woody shrubs or trees.)
Crausen, C. P., 1913, pp. 11, 38, 41, 43, 46, 52, 77, 80, 84. (Agriculture, Termes for- mosanus, T. vulgaris, Japan.)
Creare, L. D., 1920, pp. 115-126. (Sugarcane, British Guiana.)
VOL. 130
Coaton, W. G. H., 1937, pp. 249-252. (Crops, harvester termite, Hodotermes mossambt- cus, South Africa.)
1943, PP. 346-350. (Crops, harvester ter- mite, Hodotermes mossambicus, South Africa, lawns, shrubs, young trees, crops; in ee wall paper, carpets, curtains, etc.
1948, pp. I-19. (Grass on veldt, Trinervi- termes, South Africa, overgrazing and effect on mound density.)
1948a, pp. 97-108. (Grass on veldt, Trinervi- termes, South Africa, overgrazing and effect on mound density.)
1948c, pp. 259-267. (Crops, Hodotermes mossambicus, Microhodotermes, harvester termites, South Africa.)
1948d, pp. 1-38. (Crops, Hodotermes mos- sambicus, Microhodotermes, harvester ter- mites, South Africa.)
1950, pp. 1-28. (Cultivated areas, South Africa.)
1951, pp. 263-267, 277. (Grass, Trinervi- termes, South Africa.)
1954a, pp. 243-248. (South Africa, Hodo- termes and veldt reclamation.)
Comstock, J. H. (1879), 1880, pp. 207-208. (Texas and Florida, girdling bark orange trees, guava bushes, eating out sugar- cane.)
Corsett, G. H., and Mirter, N. C. E., 1936, pp. 1-12. (Microtermes pallidus, tea plants, Malaya.)
Cosar, H. G., 1934, pp. 61-67. (Africa.)
Costa La, A. DA, 1941*, pp. 377-387. (Neo- termes =PPs guava, Brazil.)
CricHton, A., 1883, p. 461. (Young trees, Arabia.)
CrowTueR, F., and Bartow, H. W. B., 1943, pp. 99-112. (Tap-root cotton, Sudan Gezira, damage less on fallow land, or- ganic matter on area increased damage, damage occurs first 2 months after sow- ing, loss 3% whole crop, after years fallow.)
DAMMERMAN, K. W., 1913, pp. I-12. termes gestroi, rubber, Java.) IQI5*, ea 98-100. (Calotermes tectonae,
tea
1929, pp. 22-30. (Agriculture, Malay Archi- pelago.)
Dean, H. A., 1954, pp. 79-81. (Texas, damage to citrus on recently cleared brushland by desert damp-wood termites.)
1954a, pp. 365-366. (Texas, Paraneotermes simplicicornis, damage to citrus trees on recently cleared brushland, chlordane 1 lb. or more per 50 trees effective control,
(Copto-
WHOLE VOL.
60 gals. of water per tree adequately dispersed the chemical.)
Dettasus, M., Lepicre, A., and Pasquier, R., 1933, pp. 28-33. (Reticulitermes lucifugus and Calotermes flavicollis, vineyards, Al- geria.)
DesHpanpE, R. B., 1943, pp. 188-191. (India, localized areas, chillies.
Dick, J., 1951, pp. 99, 101. (Natal, South Africa, sugarcane.)
Dreuzewe, R., 1933, p. 200. (R. lucifugus and Calotermes flavicollis, grapevines, Al- geria.)
EBELING, W., 1950, pp. 1-747. (Citrus, pecan.)
Exnruorn, E. M., 1928, p. 4. (Coptotermes, pepper tree, Hawaii.)
Exuiott, E. C., and WuirtenHeap, F. J., 1926. (Tea plants, Ceylon.)
Escuericu, K., 1911*, pp. 166-174. (Ceylon, tea, cacao, rubber.)
Feytaup, J., 1915, pp. 65-68, 82-84. (Agricul- ture, France.
Fretcuer, T. B., 1920, pp. 33-314. (Crops, India.)
Fonseca, J. Pinto pa, 1940, pp. 222-223. (Eu- calyptus plantations, Syntermes insidians, Sao Paulo, Brazil.)
1950, pp. 57-84. (Eucalyptus plantations, Syntermes insidians, Sao Paulo, Brazil; also, Syntermes molestus, 70% 2 million seedlings 8 to 10 months old destroyed.)
Forses, S. A., 1895, p. 198. (Illinois, apple, pecan tree roots.)
Froceatt, J. L., 1938, pp. 66-68. (New Guinea, Calotermes papua, pest cacao trees.)
Froccatt, W. W., 1905, pp. 632-656, 753-774. (Australia, fruit trees.
1905a, pp. 1-47. (Australia, fruit trees.)
Futter, C., 1912, pp. 814-823. (South Africa, orchards and plantations.)
1QI2a, pp. 345-369, 543-571. (South Africa, orchards and plantations.)
1919a, pp. 301-305. (South Africa, Hodo- termes, grassland.
1921, pp. 462-466. (South Africa, fungus- growers, living trees.)
Furniss, R. L., 1939, pp. 5-8. (Washington and Oregon, shade trees, Zootermopsis angusticollis and Reticulitermes hesperus.)
Guosu, C. C., 1940, p. 76. (Rangoon, Burma, sugarcane.)
Grover, P. M., 1951, pp. 116-122. (India, lac.)
Gossz, P. H., 1851, pp. 459-463. (Jamaica, sugarcane.)
Gourgau, C., 1867, pp. 70-74. (Calotermes flavicollis and Reticulitermes lucifugus, shade trees.)
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 45
Grapojevic, M., 1929, p. 16. (South Serbia, Reticulitermes lucifugus, vines, mulberry and oak trees.)
Grassi, B., and Atot, A., 1885, p. 148. (Sicily, Catania, Calotermes flavicollis, vine. Green, E. E., 1916, pp. 608-636. (Ceylon,
rubber tree.)
Greic, J. L., 1937, pp. 1-31. (Lowland iea plains Malaya, Serdang, Fed. Malay States, where poor soil and bushes’ stamina not maintained, extensive attack by termites.)
Gupta, B. D., 1950, pp. 344-345. (Bangalore, India, sugarcane.
Hacen, H. A., 1885, pp. 61, 134-136. (Cam- bridge, Mass., Termes flavipes, shade trees Acer rubrum; earth in hothouses infested.)
Haines, G. C., 1935, pp. 246, 248. (South Africa, Hodotermes.)
Hainswortn, E., 1952, p. 19. (NE. India, tea, Kalotermes, Termes taprobanes.)
Harcreaves, H., 1948, p. 15. (Cotton.)
Harter, C. R., 1933, p. 268. (Tea.)
Harris, W. V., 1936a, pp. 121-123. (Africa, Hodotermes mossambicus, Microcero- termes parvus, and Microtermes, cotton.)
1954, pp. 11-13. (Tropical agriculture.)
Harttey, B. J., 1938, p. 87. (Cotton.)
Heptine, G. H., 1935, pp. 29-30. (Hardwood trees, Mississippi Delta.)
Herrick, G. W., 1904, pp. 28-32. Mississippi.)
Heusser, C., 1926, pp. 355-363. (“Greenbark” of Hevea braziliensis due to destruction of outer layers of bark by termites.)
Hu, G. F., 1932, pp. 7-28. (Forest trees, SE. Australia.)
Horrman, C. H., 1942, pp. 1-20. (Elm trees, US;)
Hotioway, T. E., 1932, pp. 354-356. (Sugar- cane, Gulf States, U.S.)
Hussarp, H. G., 1883, p. 36. (U.S., Termes flavipes does great damage at surface, girdling orange, lemon, and lime trees; eats tubers artichokes.)
1885, pp. 121-125. (Orange trees, U.S.)
Hunt, E. H., 1910, pp. 196-197, 268-260. (Newly planted stumps rubber on old tapioca estates, Termes carbonarius strips bark off, Kuala Lumpur.)
Husain, M. A., 1935, pp. 562-564. (India, intensity termite damage to wheat; Micro- termes obesi most harmful pest of wheat, annual average total loss of 6% and oc- casionally 25% germinating grain. High temperatures and low soil moisture, dried up parts underground seedlings eaten, oc-
(Pecan,
46
casionally plants coming to ears damaged | Ketsey, J. M
severely.) Hutson, J. C., 1923, pp. 83-87, 291-298. (Tea bushes, Ceylon.) 1927, pp. 220-228. (Tea bushes, Ceylon, Calotermes dilatatus and militaris.) 1932,, pps. Diri1-Di21, (Tea “and rubber trees, Ceylon.) James, H. C., 1947, p. 28. (Nasutitermes costalis and Eutermes, sugarcane, British Guiana.)
Janyua, N. A., and Samus, C. K., 1941, pp.
1-41. (Fruit trees, Archotermopsis, Ba- luchistan.)
Jarvis, E., 1923, pp. 15-16. (Cane, Queens- land.
1926, pp. 47-50. (Sugarcane, Queensland.)
1926a, p. 6. (Mastotermes, Queensland, sugarcane.) 1926b, pp. 13-14, 49-52. (Mastotermes,
Queensland, sugarcane.)
1926c, pp. 103-105. (Mastotermes, Queens- land, sugarcane.)
1927, pp. 85-88. (Mastotermes, Queensland, sugarcane.)
19274, pp. 18-23. (Mastotermes rated fourth in importance as sugarcane pest, Queens-
land.) 1927b, pp. 11-13, 31-33. (Queensland, sugar-
cane. Jerson, F. P., 1924, pp. 7-10. (Calotermes, Termes, Eutermes, Leucotermes, tea
bushes, Ceylon.) 1926, pp. 67-69. (Tea, Ceylon.) 1926a, pp. 134-142. (Tea, Ceylon.) 1927, pp. 19-21. (Distribution Ceylon tea Calotermes, militaris, dilatatus, greeni.) 1929a, pp. 307-311. (Calotermes, living plants, Ceylon.) 1929b, pp. 1-11. (Calotermes, living plants, Ceylon.) 1930, pp. Ceylon. 1930a, pp. 191-195. (Tea, Ceylon.) 1931, pp. 579-596. (Tea, Ceylon.) Jounson, W. H., 1912, pp. 1-186. (Cocoa, San Thomé.) DE JonG, E., 1927, pp. 524-527. gian Congo.)
Kaiser, P., 1953, pp. 77-92. (Anoplotermes pacificus associated with plant roots.) KatsHoven, L. G. E., 1924, pp. 58-72. (Cryp-
totermes, tea, Java.) 1930, pp. 1-154. (Kalotermes tectonae.) 1950, pp. 146-177. (Agriculture, Indonesia.) 1952, pp. 1-7. (Neotermes, teak.) 1954b, pp. 59-74. (Java, survival Neotermes colonies in felled teak.)
143-156. (Hevea braziliensis,
(Cotton, Bel-
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
VOL. 130
4 19454, pp. 69-75. (Neotermes rainbow, coconut palms, Suwarro Is-
land—North Cook Group.)
1952, p. 5. (Calotermes brouni in milled Pinus radiata and in dead wood living trees. Coptotermes acinaciformis, frenchi, and Jacteus, introduced from Australia, in living pines and timbers, Auckland, New Plymouth, or Gisborne, New Zea- land.)
Kent, G. H., 1890, p. 283. (Mississippi, Termes flavipes destroying collard-stalks and roots of turnip by gradually eating out interior.)
King, C. B. R., 1938, pp. 28-34, 195-205, 160- 166. (Ceylon, Neotermes militaris, tea, 17% bushes damaged over 50-year period, less than 5% infested, infestation through roots.)
Kine, H. H., 1928, pp. 1-7. (Sudan, termites caused but little crop damage.)
KonincsBErcER, J. C., and ZmmMerMAN, A., 1901, pp. 80-82. (Java, coffee.)
Kutcuxa, G. MacM., 1937, pp. 45-48. (USS., greenhouse plants.
LasouLsringr, A., 1886, p. lii-liii, (Agen, France, Reticulitermes lucifugus, vine.)
Lat, R., and Menon, R. D., 1953, pp. 1-94. (India, Burma, Ceylon, crops.)
LepesME, P., 1947, pp. 152-155. (Palm.)
Lever, R. J. A. W., 1939, pp. 17-20. (Fiji.)
Licut, S. F., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 314- 320. (California, Paraneotermes simplict- cornis, citrus trees.)
1937a*, pp. 423-464. (California, Paraneo- termes simplicicornis, citrus trees.)
Luciano, E. C., 1953, pp. 9, 13. (Chile, Calo- termes chilensis, forest and ornamental trees.)
Luxe, W. J., Jr., 1952, pp. fb-7. (Dominican Republic, Aldrin most effective in soil to protect sugarcane.)
Maxt, M., 1916, pp. 1-266. (Formosa, mul- berry tree.)
Marais, E. N., 1937, pp. xv+184. (South Africa.) Martin, G. C., tobacco.) MarTorELL, L. F.,
1950, pp. 61-63. (Rhodesia,
1941, pp. 8-81.
(Puerto ©
Rico, forest trees, Nasutitermes costalis,
Mona Island, Kalotermes snyderi.)
1945, pp. 69-354. (Puerto Rico, forest trees, Nasutitermes costalis Mona Island, Kalo- termes snyderi.)
Matsumura, S., 1910*, p. 2. (Formosa, sugar- cane.)
Mayné, R., 1917, pp. 1-80. (Belgian Congo, cacao.
WHOLE VOL.
Murr, D., 1940-1941, pp. 333-334. (New Zealand, Stolotermes ruficeps and Calo- termes brouni native, not destructive to native or exotic forests, latter damages service timbers; introduced termites dam- age timbers.)
Morrit, A. W., 1917, pp. 42-43. (Mesa, Ari- zona, Amitermes tubiformans young cit- rus orchard.)
Morstatt, H., 1913, pp. 443-464. (East Africa, rubber trees.
Mossop, M. C., 1949, pp. 17-19. (Rhodesia, gardens and orchards.)
MouTia, L. A., and Mamet, R., 1946, pp. 439-472. (Mauritius.)
Muncomery, R. W., 1947, pp. 35-45. (Bris- bane, Australia, sugarcane, Coptotermes acinaciformis, Hamitermes obtusidens, Rhinotermes intermedius seclusus.)
Naupé, T. J., 1934, pp. 1-20. (South Africa, Termes, Hodotermes, and Trinervitermes, veldt destruction, outbreak due scarcity birds and drought, overstocking range.)
NeETHLING, L. J., 1952, p. 65. (South Africa, Trinervitermes havilandi destroys 20% grass in dry winter.)
Neves, C. M. B., 1948, pp. 444-447. (Portugal, Reticulitermes lucifugus, cork oak, Quer- cus suber.)
Nietner, J., 1857, pp. 36-41. (Ceylon, agricul- ture.)
Niruta, K. K., Antony, J., and MEeENon, K. P. V., 1953, pp. 26-34. (India, damage to coconut and control, parathion, BHC, chlordane.)
Noucaret, R., 1920, pp. 327-330. (California, Reticulitermes hesperus, vineyards.) Ossurn, M. R., 1937, p. 967. (Orlando, Fla., Reticulitermes flavipes, turnip roots.) Parnext, R., 1930, pp. 1-42. (Punjab, cuttings
Eucalyptus rostrata.)
Parsons, F. S., 1931, pp. 60-83. (Barberton, South Africa, soya beans.)
Passarce, S., 1896, p. 350. trees.)
Pater, G. A., and Pater, H. K., 1952, pp. 133-140. (India, fruit trees.)
Pratt, H. C., 1908, pp. 1-12. (Federated Ma- lay States, Termes gestroi, rubber trees.)
1909, pp. 1-31. (Federated Malay States, Termes gestroi, rubber trees.)
Prurtui, H. S., and Narayanan, E. S., 1939, pp. 15-37. (Pusa, India, Odontotermes assmuthi, mature sugarcane, statistical study losses.)
Quayte, H. S., 1938, pp. 272-273. (Citrus and other subtropical fruits.)
(Africa, India,
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 47
RatcuiFFE, F, N., Gay, F. J., and Greaves, T., 1952, pp. 39-47. (Australia, forest, fruit trees, crops: denude grass, reduce pro- ductivity pastures.)
Ren, C., 1925, pp. 238-246. (Plants.)
Reis, G. S., 1934, pp. 24-30. (India, Copto- termes curvignathus, rubber.)
Ricwarps, P. B., 1917, pp. 338-348. (Malaya, Termes gestrot, rubber and coconut trees.)
Ruwrey, H. N., 1909, p. 563. (Malaya, Termes gestrot, trees.)
RisBEo, J., 1950, pp. 45-47. (Senegal and French Sudan, Microcerotermes parvulus, crops.)
Roark, R. C., 1939, pp. 305-309. (Kalotermes tectonae attacks derris.
1942, p. 14. (Rotenone used to control ter- mites damaging rubber trees.)
Rosinson, H. C., 1905, pp. 2-12. (Malaya, Termes gestrot, attacking para rubber, Hevea braziltensts.)
Roonwat, M. L., 1954, pp. 459-462. (India, damage to teak by Odontotermes parvi- dens.)
Rousaup, E., 1916, pp. 363-436. (Senegal, Termes natalensis and T. bellicosus and Microcerotermes parvulus attacking grain in the soil.)
Rouprert, K., 1943, pp. 1-16. (Citrus trees, Palestine.)
Runes, Cx., 1953, pp. 61-76. (Moroccan tree, Argania spinosa (L.),? Hodotermes ochra- ceus Burm.)
Rurcers, A. A. L., 1920, pp. 1-43. (Java.)
Rutcers, A. A. L., and DaMMERMaAN, K. W., 1914, pp. 5-15. (Hevea braziliensis, Java, Coptotermes gestrot.)
Satt, G., 1926, pp. 1-62. (Cuba, sugarcane, Nasutitermes morio and Leucotermes sp. rarely infest mature cane, attack seed pieces.)
Saraiva, A. C., 1939, pp. 101-114. (Termes latericius, cotton, citrus, deciduous fruit trees, forest trees, Portuguese East Af- rica.)
Sarwar, M. S., 1940, pp. 144. (Wheat, sugar- cane, maize, and fruit trees, Punjab, Odontotermes.)
Scuuster, L., 1911, p. 65 (Teak trees.)
Scupper, S. H., 1861, pp. 287-288. (Termes frontalis, grapevines, in hothouses, Salem, Mass.)
1867, pp. 154-157. (Termes frontalis, grape- vines, in hothouses, Salem, Mass.)
1887, pp. 217-218. (Living plants, U.S.)
1891, pp. 15-16. (T. flavipes, tree ferns in tubs, hothouses, New England; also ge- raniums; and cabbages in gardens.)
48 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Seasra, A. F, dE, 1917, pp. 24-28. (Neotermes gestri, Microcerotermes theobromae, ca- cao, San Thomé.)
1919, Pp. 1-43; 5-40. (Cacao and other cul- tivated plants, San Thomé.)
1921, pp. 83-119. (Cacao and other culti- vated plants, San Thomé.)
1922, pp. 78-87. (Cacao, San Thomé.)
1939, pp. 1-699. (Wheat pests of the world.)
Szoane, V. L., 1879, pp. xiv-xv. (Trees, Philippines.)
SHarPLes, A., 1936, pp. 370-384. (Rubber tree, Coptotermes.
SHIRAKI, T., 1920, pp. 629-631. Formosa.
SHumaN, F., 1954, pp. 16-17. (India, wheat, full diet equips for termite battle.)
Siwpiai, Z. A., and Acarwat, R. A., 1954, p. 58. (India, sugarcane, effect of BHC and chlordane on germination and early tillering when used against termites.)
Sincu, M., 1939, pp. 93-99. (Maize plants, India.
SEE, C., 1932, pp. 44-46. (Young tea bushes, Acanthotermes militaris, Nyasaland.) SmiTH, F., 1866, p. 327. (Coffee beans, Termes cumulans?, Catagallo, South Brazil.) Situ, J. B., 1894, p. 494. (New Jersey, black-
berry roots, Termes flavipes.)
SmitH, J. H., 1938, p. 254. (Fruit trees, Queensland.)
Smytu, E. G., 1919a, p. 138. (Sugarcane, Cuba.)
Snyper, T. E., 1916, pp. 18-32. (Living plants, trees, U.S., corn, cotton, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, apple, pecan trees, grapevines.)
1925, pp. 14-17. (Citrus trees, Florida.)
1926c, pp. 18-21. (Living vegetation, U.S.)
1927e, p. 17, fig. 18. (Tree, Coptotermes, Honduras.)
(Tea plants,
1935€, pp. 115-119. (Living vegetation, US.) 1948, pp. 129-135. (Living vegetation, wor
1954b, pp. 1-64. (Living vegetation, U.S., Canada.) Snyper, T. E., and Zetex, J., 1924, pp. 13-16,
19-20. (Coconut palms, Coptotermes, Panama.)
Soraver, P., Ed., 1949, pp. 353-373. (Useful plants.)
Swezey, O. H., 1920, p. 218. (Sugarcane, Ha- Waii.)
1928, p. 19. (Trees, Hawaii.)
1940, p. 177. (Cultivated plants, Guam.)
1954, PP. 20, 43, 62, 93, 98, 110, 114, 118, 123, 137, 141, 142, 148, 1§6, 165, 211, 217. (Hawaii, Neotermes connexus, Kalo-
VOL. 130
termes immigrans, forest trees, all is- lands.)
Tuompson, W. L., 1933, pp. 84-87. (Citrus trees, Neotermes castaneus, Florida.)
1934, pp. 33-39. (Citrus trees, Neotermes castaneus, Florida.)
TuHorNnewt.t, A. S., 1924, pp. 738-739. (Trees, Rhodesia.)
Tsz, K. B., 1936, pp. D1-22. (Crops, near Can- ton, China, Termes formosanus the most injurious termite.)
VayssiERE, P., and Mimevr, J., 1925, pp. 80- go. (Cotton, Microtermes sudanensis, French West Africa.)
VesEy-FitzGeratp, D., 1941, p. 394. (Sey- chelles, coconut palm trees, Neotermes laticollis, Nasutitermes mahéensis, Micro- cerotermes subtilis.)
Vieira, R., 1952, pp. 277-278, 282 trees, ornamentals, Madeira.
Vivet, E., 1914, pp. 333-338. (Grapevine, Calotermes flavicollis, attack cicatrices due to pruning, Algiers.)
VoEtcKER, O. J., 1953, pp. 15-40. (Micro- termes pallidus damaging tea bushes, Fed. Malaya, p. 29.)
Wape, J., 1951, pp. 7-56. (Sugarcane, world; termites, p. 7, Anoplotermes schwarz; p. 11, Calotermes sp.; p. 16, Coptotermes acinaciformis, C. formosanus, C. heimi, C. sp.; p. 17, Cryptotermes piceatus; p. 26, Eutermes costaricensts, E. haitiensis, E. morio, E. ripperti; p. 31, Kalotermes immigrans, K. schwarzi; p. 34, Leuco- termes cardini, L. flavipes, L. philip- pinensis, L. tenuis; p. 35, Mastotermes darwiniensis; p. 37, Microtermes nigritus; p. 38, Nasutitermes aequalis, N. morio, N. pallidiceps, Neotermes connexus; p. 39, Obtusitermes aequalis; p. 49, Reticuli- termes speratus; p. 56, Termes classicus, T. formosanus, T. morio, T. obesus, T. taprobanus, T. vulgaris, T. sp.)
Waterston, J. M., 1949, pp. 5-15. (Kalo- termes, Cryptotermes, juniper, Bermuda.)
Watson, E. B., and THompson, R. W., 1945, pp. 1-5. (R. flavipes tubes on maple trees, Toronto, Canada.)
1948, pp. 1-5. (Reticulitermes flavipes tubes on maple trees, Toronto, Canada.)
Watson, J. R., 1938, pp. 8, 23. (Citrus trees, banked trees, U.S.)
1940, pp. 3, 18. (Citrus trees, banked trees, U.S. groves.)
1942, pp. 13, 17. (Citrus trees, banked trees, U.S. groves.)
Werner, H., in Sorauer, P., 1949, pp. 353- 373. (Useful plants.)
, 284. (Fruit
WHOLE VOL.
Weng, G. P., 1952, pp. 39-40. (Texas, Re- ticulitermes flavipes, avocado seedling.)
Wuxinson, H., 1940, pp. 67-72. (Grasslands, East Africa.)
Wittig, F. X., 1931, pp. 76-84. (Sugarcane, Hawaii.)
Wotcortt, G. N., 1925, p. 422. (Seed cane, Haiti, Parvitermes pallidiceps.)
DETECTION, See
Barton, R. C., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 711-714. (Audioamplifying apparatus.) Bercer, B. C., 1947, pp. 1-44. (Illinois, how to recognize.
Crawrorp, D. L., 1928, p. 36. (X-ray, nega- tive results.)
Emerson, A. E., 1929a, pp. 722-727. (Com- munication among termites, vibration.)
Emerson, A. E., and Simpson, R. C., 1929, pp. 648-649. (Apparatus for detection substratum communication among ter- mites.)
Grecory, J. N., 1940, pp. 310-311. timber.
Snyper, T. E., 1925f, pp. 32-33. (Flights.)
1935, pp. 235-236. (Flights, tubes, damage.)
(X-ray
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 49
Woopvnousez, E. J., 1913, pp. 1-2. (Crops, Behar and Orissa, western Bengal, India, Termes sp., wheat, sugarcane.)
Woopworty, H. E., 1921, pp. 9-35. (Crops, Philippines.)
Yano, M., 1912, pp. 52-56. (Living plants, Japan.
ZAVATTARI, E., 1953, pp. 857-863.
also MICROPHONES
1935€, pp. 159-160. (Flights, tubes, dam- age. 1947b, pp. 144-147. (Flights, tubes, dam- age. 1948, p. 203. (Microphone.) 1950d, pp. 9-12. (Sound, blisters, pellets, plugs—dry-wood termites.) 1951a, pp. 237, 250, 261. (Subterranean ter- mites. 1952, p. 28. (By frass.) 1952d, pp. 33-34. (History use stethoscopes, geophones, microphones.) Sranrorp, E. E., 1934, p. 86, fig. 74. (X-ray reveals insect damage in wood.) SwrETMAN, H. L., 1950, pp. 23-38. (By dam- age, frass.)
DIGESTION, See also NUTRITION, PROTOZOA
Batpaccl, E., 7m Visintin, 1941-1942, pp. 157- 159, 1941. (? Schizomycetes or Protozoa in cellulose digestion in intestines of ter- mites.)
Beckwitn, T. D., and Ross, E. J., 1929, pp. 4-6. (Cellulose digestion by organisms from termite gut.)
Buscaxion1, L., and Comes, S., 1910, pp. 1-16. (Symbiosis, intestinal flagellates.)
Cuixp, H. J., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 58- 88. (Histology of digestive tract.)
CieveLann, L. R., 1923, pp. 444-461. (Sym- biosis, intestinal flagellates, correlation be- tween food and morphology and presence of Protozoa.)
1923a, pp. 424-428. (Symbiosis, intestinal
agellates, correlation between food and morphology and presence of Protozoa.)
1924, pp. 178-201, 203-227. (Symbiosis, in- testinal flagellates, correlation between food and morphology and presence of Protozoa, especially R. flavipes.)
1925, pp. 282-287. (Trichonympha cam- panula ingests solid particles of wood for food.)
1925a, pp. 289-293. (Termites live indefi- nitely on diet pure cellulose.)
1925b, pp. 295-308. (Feeding habits of castes and relation to intestinal flagel- lates.)
1925¢, pp. 309-326. (Symbiosis, Termopsis and its intestinal flagellates.)
1926, pp. 51-60. (Symbiosis, termites and their intestinal flagellates.)
1928, pp. 231-237. (Symbiosis, termites and their intestinal flagellates.)
CLEVELAND, L. R., Sanpers, E. P., and Hatt, S:”.R.. 1931; p. 02. (Protozoa. "roach; Cryptocercus, and termites, relation to evolution from roaches.)
Dickman, A., 1931, pp. 85-92. (Symbiosis, in- testinal Protozoa, bacteria, spirochaetes next to Protozoa in abundance.)
Emerson, A. E., im Allee et al., 1949, p. 718. (Symbiosis, intestinal Protozoa, bacteria, spirochaetes next to Protozoa in abun- dance.)
Guipint, G. M., 1940, pp. 220-221. (Activity intestinal flora and fauna of Reticuli- termes lucifugus in digesting cellulose.)
1941, pp. 103-113. (Flagellates responsible for digestion cellulose, bacteria do not have prevailing role.)
Hog, E., 1814, pp. 378-384. (Digestive or- gans.
50 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Huneatz, R. E., 1936, pp. 240-249. (Role bacteria and molds in cellulose decom- position slight.)
1938, pp. 1-25. (Relative importance of the termite and Protozoa in wood digestion— in Zootermopsis.)
1938a, p. 53. (Some products of the cellu- lose dissimilation by termite Protozoa.)
1939, pp. 230-245. (Anaerobic carbohydrate dissimilation by intestinal Protozoa, Zo- otermopsis.)
1943, pp. 730-739. (Quantitative analysis on the cellulose fermentation by Proto- zoa.)
1944, pp. 91-98. (Nitrogen utilization by Zootermopsis.)
1946, pp. 9-24. (Symbiotic utilization of cellulose, microorganisms ferment di- gested cellulose, products absorbed and oxidized by host, utilization same as in cattle.)
Mansour, K., and Mansour-BeEk, J. J., 1934, pp. 363-382. (Role of microorganisms in digestion of wood.)
DISEASES, HUMAN,
Bett, T., 1874, p. 181. (Epidzootic among termites, Nicaragua.)
Beresssere, H. v.P., 1907, pp. 757-762. (Uses in medicine, Africa.)
Futter, C., 1918a, pp. 43-48. (Death natives following feast on Hodotermes, South Africa.)
Harper’s Famity Lrisrary, 1831, pp. 147-148. (East Indies, winged with flour made into pastry, eaten too abundantly causes fatal cholera; Africa, winged parched.)
Hurst, L. F., 1933, pp. 47-48. (Bacteriology dry-wood termites, Ceylon, relation to sprue, “Monilia’ cultured from fecal pellets.)
VOL. 130
Misra, J. N., and RANGANATHAN, V., 1954, pp. 100-113. (India, digestion cellulose by Cyclotermes obesus.)
MonTatenti, G., 1932, pp. 859-864. (Calo- termes flavicollis, amylase and invertase present in midgut: proteolytic enzyme also exists.)
Mukerji, D., and RaycHaupuurI, S., 19434, p. 166. (Digestive system Termes rede- manni.)
Pratanta, E., 1938, pp. 297-328. (Structure digestive tube Reticulitermes lucifugus.)
VisinTIn, B., 1941, pp. 393-406. (Calotermes flavicollis fed with compressed yeast free of cellulose substances eliminates normal fauna of flagellates and loses power to digest cellulose.)
1947, pp. 290-300. (Starch in nutrition uti- lized as carbohydrate food, enzyme active in intestines partially free of Protozoa.)
VisinTIN, B., et al., 1941-1942, pp. 27-44. (Di- gestion cellulose (in Kalotermes flavi- collis) due to activity flagellate Joenidae.)
PLANT, and TERMITE
Jepson, F. P., 1933, pp. 1-46. (Possible factor pellets dry-wood termites in etiology sprue, Ceylon.)
Jorvens, J. H., 1801, pp. xxviii+318. (Hu- man parasites.)
Snyper, T. E., 1951b, pp. 31-32. (Sudden death workers and nasuti Nasutitermes costalis in building, Dominica.)
Snyper, T. E., and ZErex, J., 1924, pp. 13-16, 19-20. (Carrier of nematodes which cause “red ring” disease coconut palms, Pan- ama.)
Strong, R. P., 1925, pp. 97-107. (Spirochaetes, Treponema spp., in termite intestines not pathogenic in mice and guinea pigs.)
DISTRIBUTION
Ase, Y., 1937, pp. 463-472. (Coptotermes formosanus in Japan.
Apvamson, A. M., 1937, pp. 141-149. (Trini- dad.)
1938, pp. 220-224. (Lesser Antilles.)
1940a, pp. 12-15. (Trinidad and Tobago, 56 species from former, to from latter area, ecology.)
1946, pp. 221-223. (Trinidad and Tobago, 56 species from former, 10 from latter area, ecology.)
1948, pp. 53-55. (Lesser Antilles.)
Aumap, M., 1952, p. 71. (Cryptotermes in India and Pakistan, C. dudleyi new for
subcontinent; C. bengalensis, C. domenti- cus; C. bengalensis synonym of C. havi- landi.)
ALEXANDER, A. E., 1936, p. 34. (Reticulitermes flavipes north bank Cascadilla Creek, Ithaca, central New York.)
AvtBerT, H., 1951, pp. 9-174. (West Africa.)
ANNANDALE, N., 1923, pp. 233-251. (Chilka Lake, Barkuda, India.)
ANoNnyMous, 1864, p. 310. (St. Helena.)
1870, pp. 642-644. (France.)
1891, p. 471. (Pacific Coast, U.S.) IQII, pp. 273-274. (Ceylon.) 1914, p. 74. (Barbados.)
WHOLE VOL.
1933a, p. 30. (No invasion of eastern U.S.— Dr. T. E. Snyder.)
1941b, pp. 117-123. (France.)
1950a, pp. I-75. (South Africa.)
19538, p. 148. (Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Reticulitermes flavipes only slightly ex- tended the infested area.)
AssMUTH, J., 1927, pp. 171-173. India.)
AucToreEs, 1952, pp. 87-88. (Japan, Copto- termes formosanus, Leucotermes spera- tus, and Calotermes satsumensis.)
Banxs, N., 1901*, pp. 541-546. (Galapagos Islands.
1907, pp. 5-6. (North America.)
1918*, pp. 659-667. (Panama and British Guiana.
1919*, pp. 475-489. (Antilles.)
Banks, N., and Snyper, T. E., 1920*, pp. I- 228. (North America, distribution maps.)
Barreto, B. T., 1923, pp. 106-109. (Cuba.)
BATHELLIER, J., 1927, pp. 125-365. (Indo- China.)
Beat, J. A., Hatisurton, W., and Knicnt, F. B., 1952, pp. 3-168. (Piedmont Pla- teau, North Carolina, southeastern U.S.; pp. 124-126, Reticulitermes spp.)
Bratt, G., 1931, pp. 33-35- (British Colum- bia.
Beatty, H. A., 1944, pp. 118-119. (Puerto Rico.)
Beaven, R. C., 1868, pp. 381-383. (India.)
Becker, G., 1953a, pp. 339-373. (Guatemala.)
Berson, C. F. C., 1941a, pp. 524-553. (100 species from India.
Bequaert, J. C., 72 Strong, 1930, pp. 819-823. (Liberia, Belgian Congo.)
Brrxanp, L., 1926, pp. 72-73. Calotermes flavi- collis, le Var, France.)
Bernarp, F., 1948, pp. 185-196. (Fezzan, Tripoli.)
1954, pp. 104-111. (Sahara desert, role ter- mites.
Bissy, F. F., 1947, p. 79. (Samar Group, Philippines, Nasutitermes panayensis.)
Biackgurn, T., 1884, p. 413. (Hawaii.)
Brake, C. H., 1937, pp. 3-9. (Reticulitermes flavipes, New England.)
Bose-Moreau, C. J., 1843, pp. xliv-+122.
(British
(Rochefort, Dept. Charente-Inféricure, France.)
BopENHEIMER, F, S., 1935, pp. 327; 329. (Pales- tine.)
BorrineT (Pére), 1842, pp. 546-559. (Cha- rente-Inférieure, France. 1853, pp. 145-157. (Charente-Inférieure, France.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 51
Bonaventura, G., 1953a, pp. 1-32. (Umbria, Italy.)
Boys, W. J. E., 1846, pp. cli-clii. (India.)
Braver, F., 1876, pp. 265-300. (Europe, es- pecially Austria.)
Brey, C. S., 1938, p. 28. (North Carolina, 3 species Reticulitermes.)
Bucnion, E., 1913e, pp. 165-172. (Indo-Ma- laya.)
1913f, pp. 24-58. (Ceylon.)
1920, pp. 49-51. (Reticulitermes lucifugus, Basses-Pyrénées. )
Cacuan, P., 1949, pp. 177-275. (Madagascar.)
1950a, pp. 111-117. (Madagascar, Neo- termes, Heterotermes philippinensis, Cop- totermes truncatus, Psammotermes voeltz- kowt, Eutermes caniculatus, Coarctotermes clepsydra, Capritermes capricornis, dis- tribution.)
1951, pp. 1-18. (Madagascar.)
eee J., 1877, pp. 392-397. (South Amer- ica.
Capra, F., 1935, pp. 44-46. (Trinervitermes tripolitanus, Abyssinia, not Libia.)
1938, p. 125. (Trinervitermes tripolitanus and T. trinervius, Libia.)
1948, pp. 77-79. (Reticulitermes lucifugus, Italy.
Carpin, P. G., 1918, pp. 58-61. (Cuba.) Castiz, G. B., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 273-275. (Zootermopsis, western U.S.) 1944, p. 64. (Zootermopsis nevadensis and
Reticulitermes tibialis, Montana.)
Cuaszousson, F., 1954, pp. 347-352. (France.)
Cuarrier, H., 1923, pp. 216-217. (Reticult- termes lucifugus, Tangiers.)
Cuaupury, G. U., 1954, pp. 31-32. (First Paki- stan record of Archotermopsis wrought- oni (Desneux).)
Cuoparp, L., 1947, pp. 1-111. (France.)
Crpriant, L., 1932, pp. 126-131. (Rhodesia.)
Cracs, C. F., 1954, p. 278. (Hawaii, Kaneohe Marine Corps Air Sta., new record for Coptotermes formosanus.)
Crark, A. F., 1938, pp. 177-179. (New Zea- land, native and introduced termites.) Coaton, W. G. H., 1947, pp. 130-177. (Pi-
enaars River, South. Africa.)
1948, pp. 1-19. (Trinervitermes, South Af- rica.
1948b, pp. 1-18. South Africa.)
1948d, pp. 1-38. (Hodotermes, South Af- rica.
1949b, pp. 13-77. (Hodotermitidae and Kalotermitidae, South Africa.)
1950a, pp. 3-32. (Cryptotermes, South Af- rica.
(Cryptotermes brevis,
52 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Cotas, G., 1944, pp. 38-39. (Reticulitermes lucifugus, France.)
Cosar, H. G., 1934, pp. 1-86. (Africa, map different types nests correlated with vege- tation.)
Costa-Lima, A. pa, 1938*, pp. 359-362. (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Neotermes wagneri.)
1939, pp. 263-327. (Brazil.) 1942*, pp. 1-4. (Brazil, Neotermes wag-
nert.
DaMMERMAN, K. W., 1948, pp. 490-491. (Krakatau.)
Dance, C. D., 1881, pp. 159-161. (British Guiana.)
Desneux, J., 1904e*, pp. 1-52. (World, over 300 species cataloged.) Dietz, H. F., 1921, pp. 87-96. (Indiana.)
1924, pp. 299-301. (Indiana.)
Dirtz, H. F., and Snyper, T. E., 1924, pp. 279-302. (Panama.)
Dixon, W. B., 1946, pp. 31-34. Cryptoter mes brevis.
DospeLakrE, G., 1945, p. 49. (Reticulitermes lucifugus soldiers and workers near Paris.)
Dosson, R. J., 1918, p. 99. (Reticulitermes lucifugus near Boston.)
Déoperzein, L., 1881, pp. 211, 212. (Japan.)
Duptey, P. H., and Beaumont, J., 1889*, pp. 85-114. (Panama.)
1889a*, pp. 56-70, 111-112. (Panama.)
1890*, pp. 157-180. (Panama.)
1890a*, pp. 102-108. (Panama.)
Enruorn, E. M., 1915, pp. 55-56. (Copto- termes, Oahu, Hawaii.)
1928, pp. 4, 18. (Coptotermes, Oahu, Ha- wali, p. 4; Kalotermes immigrans and ae connexus, Kauai, Hawaii, p. 18.
1929, p. 230. (Coptotermes formosanus, damage to “Ohia” paving blocks (hard wood), Oahu, Hawaii.)
1931, pp. 330-332. (Hawaii.)
1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 321-323. (List termites of Hawaii.)
Emerson, A. E., 1925*, pp. 291-459. (Kartabo, British Guiana.)
1928*, pp. 401-574. (Belgian Congo and Cameroon, Africa.
1933", pp. 165-196. (Western U.S.)
1934, in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., p. 117. (Map showing world distribution of termites.)
1936, pp. 410-411. (Reticulitermes flavipes common in central New York State, rec- ords for other termites; northern records for flavipes and R. tibialis.)
1949, in Allee et al., pp. 660, 661, 724, 725; 726. (Kalotermes in peripheral regions,
(Jamaica,
VOL. 130
p. 660; Neotermes and Glyptotermes in continental rainforests of Tropics, p. 661: Reticulitermes and climate, p. 724, Pro- rhinotermes, p. 725; predatory barrier prevents dispersal less defended Nasuti- termitinae, p. 726.)
1951, pp. 149-160. (Belgian Congo, Africa.)
1952, pp. 217-225. (Biogeography.)
1952b, pp. 486, 506. (Distribution Procorni- termes and Cornitermes.)
1955a; Pp. 465-522. (World distribution and origin genera.
Emerson, A. E., and Miter, E. M., 1943, pp. 184-187. (Florida.)
1944, pp. 108-109. (Florida.)
Ericson, W. F., 1848, pp. 582-583. (British Guiana.)
Esaki, T., 1937, pp. 344-346. (Zootermopsis angusticollis from Oregon, introduced into Japan.)
Escuericu, K., (Ery- threa.)
Ig11*, pp. 1-179. (Ceylon.)
Favarp, P. G., 1930, pp. 497-499. (Southern France, Calotermes flavicollis.)
Frytaup, J., 1924, pp. 241-244. (Saintonge, France.)
1924b, pp. 69-73. (Charentes, France.) 1951, p. 223. (Reticulitermes flavipes, Bor- deaux, R. lucifugus, SE. France.)
Frercuer, T. B., 1914, pp. 1-565. (India.)
1916, p. 39. (Coptotermes gestroi, India.)
Forzes, S. A., 1895, pp. 190-204. (Termes flavipes, Mlinois.)
Foxworthy, F. E., and Woo try, H. W., 1930, pp. 1-60. (List Malayan termites.)
FRAvENFELD, G. R., 1868, p. 291. (Nicobars.)
Froccatt, W. W., 1895*, pp. 415-438. (Aus- tralia.)
1896*, pp. 510-552. (Australia.) 1897*, pp. 721-758. (Australia.) 1905a, pp. 1-47. (Australia.) 1907, pp. 1-449. (Australia.)
1g08a, pp. 247-248.
1923, pp. xiv+171. (Australia.) Futraway, D. T., 1920, pp. 294-301. (Ha- waii.)
1921, pp. 456-457. (Cryptotermes brevis in Hawaii previous to 1904.)
1925, p. 19. (Coptotermes and Crypto- termes in Hilo more than 1 year since
1924.)
1926, pp. 68-88. (Hawaii.)
1926a, pp. 334.-349. Hawaii.)
1927, pp. 170-176. (Hawaii.)
1929, pp. 79-80, 82-92. (Hawaii.)
19294, p. 134. (Hawaii.)
1929b, pp. 205, 210. (Coptotermes formo- sanus on Kauai, Hawaii.)
WHOLE VOL.
1931, p. 8. (Coptotermes and Cryptotermes on Lanai, Hawaii.)
Futer, C., 1912, pp. 814-823. (Natal, South Africa.)
I9I2a, pp. 345-369, 543-571. (Natal, South Africa.)
1915a, pp. 329-504. (South Africa.)
1921, pp. 462-466, 142-147. (South Africa.)
1921a, pp. 101-103. (South Africa.)
1921-1922, pp. 14-52, 70-131.
1923*, pp. 191-192. (Uganda.)
1925, pp. 269-276. (Northern Zululand.)
1925a*, pp. 167-246. (South Africa.)
Gassizs, J. B., 1855, pp. 427-428. (Introduced, Bordeaux.
GrorcEviTcH, J., 1931, pp. 1-68. (Jugoslavia.)
GersTackerR, A., 1873; 1891, pp. 183-191. (East Africa.)
GNANAMUTHU, C. P., 1947, pp. 154-155. (Coptotermes ceylonicus Krusadai Island, India.)
Gortiner, E. J., 1931*, pp. 227-234. (Reticu- litermes arenincola, sand dunes Indiana, Michigan.)
Gortscu, W., 1930. (Chile.)
1933*, Pp. 227-243. (Calotermes chilensis and 2 var., and C. gracilignathus, Juan Fernandez Island.)
19538, pp. 235-280. (Includes list of ants and termites from Balearic Islands; in- vestigation of caste development.)
Gozze, J. H. E., 1783, pp. 20-27. (France.)
Goureau, C., 1851, pp. xl-xli. (Antilles.)
Gravojevi¢é, M., 1929, pp. 1-16. (Reticuli- termes lucifugus, southern Serbia.)
Grasst, P. P., 1936, pp. 265-306. (French West Africa.)
1937a*, pp. 1-100. (French West Africa.)
1938a, pp. 195-196. (Calotermes dispar, Canary Islands.)
1939*, pp. 179-185. (Calotermes barretoi, Reticulitermes, Neotermes praecox, Ma- deira.)
1949, pp. 408-544. (General.)
Grassi, B., and Sanpias, A., 1893, pp. I-75. (Italy, Sicily.)
Green, E. E., 1908, pp. 75-82. (Ceylon.)
1913, pp. 7-15. (Ceylon.)
GrEENWooD, W., 1940, pp. 211-218. (Fiji.)
Gunpracu, J., 1886, pp. 204-208. (Cuba.)
1894, p. 264. (Puerto Rico.)
Hacen, H. A., 1852, pp. 53-75. (General.)
1855-1860*, pp. 1-144, 270-325, 1-342, 73-79. (World, 60 species listed.)
1876, p. 62. (Reticulitermes flavipes, Flor- ida.)
1877, p. 73. (California.)
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES:
SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 53
Hacen, V. W. von, 1937-1938, pp. 46, 39-49. (Nasutitermes.)
Hatt, H. C. van, 1867, p. 381. (East Indies.)
Harris, W. V., 1940, pp. 62-66. (East Africa.)
1941, pp. 201-205. (East Africa.)
1950, pp. 50-52. (East Africa.)
1951, pp. 25-28. (East Africa.)
1951a, pp. 60-62, (East Africa.)
1953, pp. 13-14. (St. Helena, Cryptotermes brevis introduced from America and Heterotermes platycephalus from Aus- tralia.)
1954b, pp. wealth.
Haywarp, K. J., 1942, p. 50. Argentina.)
Heavier, T. J., 1937, pp. 337-341. (New Jersey, colonies abundant in woodland where more soil moisture.)
Hecu, E., 1922, pp. 1-756. (World.)
Hessz, R., ALLEE, W. C., and Scum, K. P., 1937. (Approx. 1,600 species in Tropics and sub-Tropics, p. 109; Tropics, p. 402; rainforests, p. 431; open lands, nests sa- vannahs, pp. 446, 460.) 2d ed., 1951, pp. 480, 518, 536. (Approx. 1,600 species in Tropics and sub-Tropics; Tropics, p. 402; rainforests, p. 431; open lands, nests sa- vannahs, pp. 446, 460.)
Hirt, G. F., 1942*, pp. 1-473. (Australian region.)
Hit-Gisson, C. A., 1947, pp. 56-57. (Christ- mas Island, Indian Ocean, Prorhinotermes canalifrons and Kalotermes, n. sp.)
1950, pp. 149-165. (Cocos-Keeling Islands, Prorhinotermes canalifrons and Kalo- termes, Nn. sp.)
Hirton, W. A., 1919, p. 41. (Claremont- Laguna region, California, Reticulitermes tibialis, R. hesperus, Termopsis (Zooter- mopsis) angusticollis.)
Horrman, W. E., 1938, pp. 439-460. (Termes formosanus and Macrotermes barneyi, Is- land of Hainan.)
Hormecren, N., 1913b*, pp. 5-31. (Various theories on center of dispersal.)
Hoon, R. C., and Tarwar, K. N., 1950, pp. 179-186. (Hirakud Dam, India.)
Horn, W., 1899, pp. 129-136, 225-236, 385- 397. (Ceylon.)
Horvatu, G., 1885, pp. 208-211, (Termes lucifugus in Hungary.)
Hupimar, S. B., 1911, pp. 103-114. (Bhor- Ghats, India.)
Hupson, G. V., 1892, pp. 107-108. (New Zea- land.) ’
1904, pp. x-+102. (New Zealand.)
126-132. (British Common-
(Tucuman,
XXVIil.
54 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Huncerrorp, H. B., 1935, p. 24. (Reticuli- termes hageni, Kansas.
Hutton, F. W., 1899, pp. 209-210. (New Zea- land.)
Inuicer, K., 1805, pp. 232-234. (Africa.)
Inveea, F., 1942, pp. 106-108. (R. lucifugus, Genoa and Liguria.)
Ionescu, M. A., 1932, pp. 108-113. (R. lu- cifugus in Romania.)
Isaac, P. V., 1946, pp. 75-76. (New Delhi, India, Microcerotermes heimi.
Jack, R. W., 1913, pp. 1-16. (Rhodesia.)
JAcoBson, G. G., 1904*, pp. 57-107. (Russia.)
Jarcer, E. C., 1933, pp. 48-49. (Amitermes and Reticulitermes tibialis, California des- ert.)
Jaume, Micuert L., (Cuba.)
Jepson, F. P., 1927, pp. 19-21. termes in tea plants.) Joun, O., 1920*, pp. 227-234. (South Amer-
ica.
1925*, pp. 360-419. (Ceylon, Malay Penin- sula, Sumatra, Java, and Aru Islands.) Jucct, C., 1937, pp. 300-308. (Italian East
Africa.) Jucci, C., and Sprincuett, A., 1953. (Sicily.) Katsnoven, L. G. E., 1934, pp. cliv-clv. (Cap- ritermes, East Indies.) 1935, Pp. 21-22. (Schedorhinotermes ja- vanicus, East Indies.) 1936, pp. 50-51. (East Indies.) 1936a, Pp. 427-435. (Java.) 1950, pp. 146-177. (Indonesia.) Keck, C. B., 1952, p. 351. (Midway Island, Cr yptotermes brevis.) Kemp, P. B., 1955, pp. 113-136. (Northeastern Tanganyika.)
Kent, W. S., 1897, pp. 101-131. 1897a, pp. 81-82. (Australia.) Kirsy, W. F., 1884, pp. 453-454. Koro, C. A., 1934, 2d ed., pp. 13-21.
matic factors.) Kore, H. J., 1885*, pp. 145-150. (Japan.) 1887, pp. 70-74. (Hodotermes and Termes, “Caplande,” South Africa.)
1954, pp. 1163-1182.
(Ceylon, Calo-
(Australia.)
(Cli-
Kottar, V., 1833, p. 459. (Termes flavipes, Vienna.
1850, pp. 280-281. (T. flavipes, in Schén- brunn.)
1858, pp. 339-343. (Mauritius and Mada- gascar.
Kraussg, A., 1913, pp. 144-145. (Sardinia.) Kutcuka, G. MacM., 1936, pp. 45-48. (Dis- tribution through greenhouse plants.) LaBouLBENE, 1860, pp. cv-cvi. (Reticulitermes
oa agen, France.) ii-liii . (R. lucifugus, France.)
VOL. 130
La Crorx, E. pE, 1900, pp. 22-23. (Termes carbonarius.)
Lat, R., and Menon, R. D., 1953, pp. 1-94. (Catalog Indian Isoptera, 157 species, in- cluding Burma and Ceylon.)
LameegreE, A., 1902, pp. 441-443. (Hodotermes ochraceus, Psammotermes hybostoma, and Eutermes desertorum in Sahara desert.)
Layarp, E, L., 1866, p. xii. (St. Helena.)
Lerroy, H. M., 1909, pp. 115-121. (India.)
Leonarp, M. D., 1928, p. 38. (New York.)
LESNE, P,, 1923, pp. 1507-1508. (Reticuliter- mes lucifugus.)
Lever, R. J. A. W., 1934, pp. 10-13. (Solomon Islands.)
1939, pp. 17-20. (Eutermes olidus, Copto- termes acinaciformis, Kalotermes repan- dus, Cryptotermes buxtoni, Glyptotermes taveuniensis, and Prorhinotermes inopina- tus; Neotermes connexus record in Fiji incorrect.)
19394, Pp. 36-37. Fiji.