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TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
VOL. IV.
PHILADELPHIA.
PRINTED BY THE SOCIETY. 1872—3.
LIST OF PAPERS.
Blake, C. A.
Additions to the “ Synopsis of North American M util-
lid®.” .
Cresson, E. T.
Synopsis of the North American species belonging to the genera Leucospis, Smicra and Chalcis. -
Descriptions of a new species of Masaris from California.
Hymenoptera Texana. .
Crotch, G. R.
Synopsis of the Erotylidae of Boreal America.
Synopsis of the Endomychidae of the United States.
Revision of the Coccinellidae of the United States.
Revision of the Dytiscidae of the United States, r Edwards, W. H.
Descriptions of new species of Diurnal Lepidoptera fouhd within the United States. - - - - 61,
Grote, A. R.
On the North American species of Catocala.
Descriptions of North American Noctuidae, No. 1.
“ “ “ “ 2.
“ “ “ ££ 3.
“ of Tortrix Lintneriana - - -
Grote, (A. R.) and Robinson, (C. T.)
A Supplement to the “Descriptions of American;
Lepidoptera” .
Horn, Geo. H.
Synopsis of the Malacoiidae of the United States.
The Brenthidae of the United States. -
Revision of the species of Lebiae of the United States. -
Description of some new North American Coleoptera. -
Revision of the Bruchidae of the United States. - Norton, Edward
Notes on North American Tenthredinidae with descrip¬ tions of new species. - - - - -
PAGE
71
29
87
153
349
359
363
383
, 343
1
20
89
293
424
425
109
127
130
143
311
77
T^L^HSTS^CTIOnNrS
OF THE
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
VOLUME IV.
On tlie Nortli American Species of CATOCALA.
BY AUG. R. GROTE.
The present paper is a mere outline of one in which all the North American species, known to me belonging to the genus Catocala, were fully and comparatively described, and of which paper I have been so unfortunate as to lose the manuscript in transportation. The material on which my MS. was based is now in part inaccessible to me, having been returned to various collections. I remember to have pointed out in my lost MSS., that, although well represented in both Europe and Asia, the genus seemed to have its largest representation in North Amer¬ ica and to attain with us its fullest developement. Here we have a number of species in which the hind wings are wholly black above, such as C. epione, C. viduata, C. tristis; species which have no described analogues in other countries. Again, we have a little Group (Corisce, Hiibner ) comprising species without the usual black median band on the hind wings above; little species with yellow secondaries and pecu¬ liar in appearance, but which seem to offer no structural characters on which to separate them generically. Geographically considered the genus belongs to the Northern Hemisphere.
I treated at some length the structure of the genus and dwelt on the ornamentation. It suffices me now to point out that while the prima¬ ries above offer the normal lines and enclosed spots common to the Noctuidae, that the median space shows in addition a ringed spot, the subreniform, beneath the reniform spot. I have found by the study of such species as C. piatrix, that this spot is in reality a part of the transverse posterior line which is here inwardly inflected. And al¬ though the subreniform is more frequently a perfectly isolated and independent annulus, when also the t. p. line is continuous and unin-
TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. IV.
(1)
JANUARY, 1872.
2
AUG. R. GROTE.
fleeted, still it is in C. piatrix, C. insolabilis, etc., usually open and thrown outside of the t. p. line into the subterminal space. I have not met the subreniform spot of Catocala in other genera of the family, so that this explanation of its origin seemed interesting to me. I followed a grouping of the species according to the color and appearance of the secondaries for convenience of reference, and indeed in the majority of cases this arrangement seemed natural. The little C. tristis, how¬ ever, appeared more properly associated with the slenderer yellow winged species, than with the heavier insects of its group.
I arranged the North American Catocalae as follows:
Secondaries black and unbanded above . Species 1 — 8.
Secondaries black above with a white band . “ — 9.
Secondaries various shades of red above with black median band “ 10 — 23.
Secondaries orange above with a black median band . “ — 24.
Secondaries black above with a narrow median yellow band . “ — 25.
Secondaries yellow above with a median black band . “ 26 — 51.
Secondaries yellow above without a median band . “ 52 — 54.
1. Catocala epione, Westwood.
Noctua epione, Drury.
'J, 9 • — A species of medium size and readily recognisable by the broad black transverse lines of the primaries above. The subreniform is moderate, irregu¬ larly pyriform, pale. The reniform is large, rather vague, with a brown annu¬ lus and stain. The t. p. line has a moderate single acute tooth opposite the cell and is followed by a distinct brown shade band, and this again by a pale shade following the serratures of the subterminal line. Hind wings deep black above, with long pure white fringes and fuscous hair at base and along internal mar¬ gin. Beneath, the wings are almost wholly blackish with an iridescent tinge ; hind wings with a hardly perceptible trace of the usual bands. Primaries with a narrow whitish subterminal band becoming obsolete before internal margin; and a broader internal and shorter band discontinued below vein 2.
I have seen many specimens from the Middle and Southern States. From Abbot’s figures Gruenee described the larva found on oak. The imago is quickly distinguished by the broad and comparatively even lines of the primaries above ; occasionally the t. p. line is connected with the subreniform.
2. Catocala lachrymosa, G-uenee. —
Described comparatively with C. epione, this is a species I have never been able to identify. We are led to look for a near ally of C. epione with, apparently, the same facies. It should be recognisable from the unusual character afforded by the subterminal line which is stated to be distinct and very black.
AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
3
3. Catocala insolabilis, Guenee.
% 2 .—The primaries are frosted with glaucous white or ashen scales. The lines are narrow, indistinct and the t. p. line, with two not very acute subequal teeth opposite the cell, sweeps inwardly and includes the subreniform. Usually the internal margin is suffused with black, obscuring the lines inferiorly, but not always. Reniform moderate, vaguely ringed, with a white external and small brown ovate internal annulus. Secondaries wholly black above, with black fringes. Beneath body and base of both wings white. . Narrow and faint white external bands on both wings.
This is the first of a number of closely allied species of which the stoutest is Guenee’s C. viduata, than which this is much slighter. We must look for the dusky primaries and powdery squamation with its bluish tinge, and the ovate narrow internal brown annulus of the reni¬ form as ready distinguishing characters. I have a specimen with uni- colorous griseous smooth primaries, secondaries with whitish fringes,, which I think is a variety ; more material may, however, show that we have to do with a distinct species.
4. Catocala viduata, Guenee.
Catocala vidua, Guenee, p.94.
% — Robust; altogether the stoutest bodied species of the genus. Wings dentate. Primaries with the ciilereous colors underlaid with pale brown ; on the nervures powdery glaucous scales. The reniform is large, vague and spheri¬ cal. A very prominent black shade sweeps downwardly and outwardly from costa above the reniform and runs to external margin which it joins below the apices. This black shade, which is the median shade, is present in the follow¬ ing and may be traced in other species, but is nowhere as determinate as in C. viduata. The t. p. line is followed by the broad pale brown subterminal space, which is edged again outwardly by the diffuse white border of the obsolete sub¬ terminal line. Unusually long thick and pale hairs at the base and along in¬ ternal margin of the black white fringed secondaries. Centrally the fringes are interrupted with black. Beneath the body is dirty whitish ; wings white at base ; bands tolerably distinct. Exp. 90 to 95 mm. Length of body 38 to 40 mm.
For this species I have taken the name proposed by Guenee in the appendix to his work. I do not believe this to be Abbot’s species, whose figure rather resembles C. desperata. But, under all the cir¬ cumstances, it does not seem worth while to adopt Smith’s specific name.
Louisiana, Virginia, Pennsylvania. Rare.
5. Catocala desperata, Guenee.
f Phalaena vidua, Abbot & Smith.
% 2* — Well sized, clear grey, white and black. All the lines distinct and colors bright. A basal longitudinal dash ; another crossing the outwardly broadly marked geminate transverse anterior line. Reniform with double an¬ nulus, whitish, well sized ; subreniform white, included by the t. p. line. Median shade fainter than in C. viduata; subterminal line tolerably distinct, preceded
4
AUG. R. GROTE.
by a white shade ; subterminal space dull brown, not as in C. viduata and the preceding species bright brown. Fringes of secondaries pure white. Thorax bright grey with the black markings distinct. Expanse 80 to 85 mm.
Common throughout the Middle and Southern States in various localities.
f>. Catocala retecta, Grote.
% 9 . — This species closely resembles C. desperata, but it is smaller. The diffuse black median shade is wanting. The black longitudinal dashes at base, across the t. a. line, and across the t. p. line on sub-me¬ dian interspace, are very distinct and the two subequal teeth of the transverse posterior line are, as usual, shaded with black. Beneath much as in C. desperata. Expanse 70 mm. Length of body 30 mna.
A few specimens examined from the Middle States.
7. Catocala tlcbilis, Grote.
'J, 9* — Peculiarly pearly cinereous, quite unlike in tint of primaries to any of its allies, than which it is smaller. The black longitudinal dashes of C. des¬ perata and C. retecta, are less prominent. Transverse lines not geminate, fine, distinct but fading towards internal margin, fteniform vague, with a narrow outer whitish ring and nearly filled with a pale brown center; subreniform en¬ tirely open, concolorous, slightly touched with blackish from the diffuse shad¬ ings crossing the t. a. line. Subterminal line very indistinct. The usual black shading running upwardly from the teeth of t. p. line to external margin. Hind wings very black with white fringes. Beneath body and base of wings white. Differs by the narrowness of the white space between the central black fascia and the broad bordor on hind wings. Primaries have a whitish blotch on cell and external white facia nearly obsolete. Expanse 66 to 69 mm.
Several specimens examined from Pennsylvania.
8. Catocala tristis, Edwards.
% 9 . — I have seen but two specimens of this pretty little species from New York and Pennsylvania. It is readily recognisable from the secondaries being unbanded beneath. It is the smallest known species with black secondaries, and resembles rather C. gracilis or even C. androphila, than the species with which I here associate it from the color of its secondaries. My detailed description is lost with my ori¬ ginal MS. and I have returned my material.
9. Catocala rclicta. Walker.
% 9 • — This is the North American representative of the European Catocala fraxini. In the male the primaries above are nearly entirely white and the blackish powdery ornamentation is subobsolete. The female is darker and has the lines of the primaries evident. The nar¬ row ceutral fascia of the secondaries is pure white. It cannot be mis¬ taken for its European ally, than which it is a little smaller and Guenee,
AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
5
who says: “je l’ai recue 6galement de l’Amerique Septentrionale, ou elle ne differe eu rien de nos individus europeeens”, in speaking of C. fraxini, must have erred in his locality, for C. fraxini does not occur in North America. Expanse 74 to 77 mm.
More commonly taken in Canada and the Eastern States, C. relicta is rare in Pennsylvania and I have seen no specimens from the South.
10. Catocala californica, Edwards.
9 . — This species resembles the European C. elocata, and is another instance of the affinity existing between the Californian and European faunae. Our species from the eastern slope which resemble C. califor¬ nica, C. elocata and C. nupta, with powdery grey ornamentation of pri¬ maries and straighter lines, differ by the more oblique external margin and produced apices. C. californica has the secondaries dark rose red. The median black fascia is not constricted but terminates rather abruptly much before the margin. Expanse 58 mm.
11. Catocala briseis, Edwards.
9 . — I have seen a single specimen of this species which is recog¬ nisable from the unusually dark primaries relieved by the white dentate shadings of the subterminal line. It is stouter than C. califor¬ nica but a smaller species than C. unijuga. My detailed description is lost and I have no longer the specimen in my keeping. New York State.
12. Catocala unijuga. Walker.
% 9 • — A fine large species with dark powdery grey primaries. Transverse anterior line indistinctly geminate with an evident internal white shade. Disc before the ordinary spots pale and the suhreniform is paler than the large con- colorous bisannulate reniform. T. p. line without very prominent teeth hut broadly marked and inflected on s. m. interspace. Subterminal line distinct and evenly dentate, preceded by a distinct white coincident shade. Wings strongly dentate. Secondaries bright red. Median band not constricted medi¬ ally, tapering obsoletely towards internal margin which it nearly attains. Be¬ neath the band terminates abruptly long before the margin. Expanse 72 to 80 mm.
Not uncommon in Canada and the Eastern and Western States.
13. Catocala junctura. Walker.
I have seen the specimen in the British Museum described by Mr. Walker. It seemed to me to differ principally from C. unijuga by the more attenuate median band of the secondaries. I have a specimen before me, which I doubtfully refer to this species, received some time ago from R. Stratton as collected in Maryland and which differs from C. unijuga in the less distinct subterminal line and obsolete white shad-
6
AUG. R. GROTE.
ing of the primaries, while the median band of the hind wings is me¬ dially greatly constricted and abruptly discontinued before internal margin.
14. Catocala Walshii, Edwards.—
This species is unknown to me.
15. Catocala pari a. Guenee.
£ J , — Wings dentate, squamation smooth. Primaries dull cinereous, with a slight yellowish cast. Transverse lines fine, obsoletely geminate. Reniform, preceded by a distinct whitish shade on the cell, with its external annulus den¬ tate outwardly. Subreniform large, pale, subquadrate. The subapical streak, from the t. p. line to extreme margin, is broad distinct and black. Subterminal line distinct, regularly dentate, preceded by a narrow coincident white shade ; subterminal space with a pale brownish tint. Hind wings dull red with an even black median band nowhere constricted and terminating much before in¬ ternal margin. Beneath, the band is quite irregular and the wing is stained with red inferiorly. Expanse 72 to 74 mm.
The larva of this species feeds on different species of Willow (espe¬ cially S. Babylonica) and the imago is very common iu July in the suburbs of Brooklyn, L. I.
My material has come to me from Massachusetts, New York and Pennsylvania. The determinations of this species and C. amatrix in the British Museum Collection and Lists are erroneous.
16. Catocala coccinata, Grote.
% 9 • — -A- little smaller than C. parta, which this species resembles in the appearance of the primaries. Clear cinereous; before the reniform, which is smaller and paler than in C. parta, the wing is whitish and occasionally allows the crimson underface to be reflected. Subreniform whitish and large. T. p. line more outwardly projected than in C. parta; below the two prominent teeth the line retreats inwardly more evenly and deeply and here the subterminal space is whitish. The inward inflection above vein 1, is deeper than usual and nearly reaches the t. a. line, constricting the median space thereby and offer¬ ing a quick character on inspection. Secondaries bright crimson. Median band even and continued. Beneath the fore wings are 6tained with crimson to the median black band and on the secondaries below the median vein. Ex¬ panse 64 mm.
My specimens are from Pennsylvania. C. coccinata resembles C. parta, while a slenderer species, in appearance of the primaries, while the secondaries are as brilliantly colored as those of C. cara.
17. Catocala ultronia, Hubner sp.
£ 9 • — This species I have taken in May in Alabama and it is com¬ monly found throughout the Middle and Eastern States. It is so well known that I may be spared any description here. An excellent illus¬ tration of it is given by Dr. Packard in his Guide to the Study of Insects.
AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
7
18. Catocala amatrix, Hubner sp.
Catocala selecta, Walker. =var. Catocala nurus, Walker.
$ .9 . — A fine large species with soft brown primaries, the lines and spots indistinct. Sometimes the wing is suffused longitudinally with blackish from the base outwardly ; this is Mr. Walker’s C. nurus. Secondaries bright rose pink ; the median black hand broad and even, terminated before the internal margin. Expanse 74 to 86 mm.
Of common occurrence in various localities throughout the Eastern and Middle States.
19. Catocala cara, Guenee.
%, 9 . — Primaries deep blackish-brown above. The lines narrow, velvety- black, better marked superiorly, tending to become obliterate towards internal margin. Ornamentation much as in C. amatrix ; the lines and veins are shaded and marked with olivaceous scales. Hind wings deep intense rose red with an unusually broad and even black median band continued to internal margin. Basal hairs black. Expanse 85 to 90 mm.
A still more beautiful species than C. amatrix, to which it is allied, but C. cara is stouter and more brilliantly colored than its ally.
In the same localities with foregoing and occuring as frequently. Also from Southern States.
20. Catocala coucumbens. Walker.
£ 9 • — Also allied to C. amatrix but a much smaller species. Primaries pale brownish evenly frosted over with whitish scales. Collar soft brown, dis- colorous with the cinereous thorax. Ordinary lines black, narrow and distinet Reniform vague, whitish, with a dark internal annulus. Subreniform open. Secondaries bright pink with a broad abbreviate median black band ; fringes white. Beneath, the band is narrower and more irregular. Average expanse 68 mm.
More common Northward ; my specimens are from Canada and the Eastern States. Abundant in some localities. The larva has been described by Mr. Wm. Saunders.
21. Catocala inarmorata, Edwards.
I have seen the type of this large species which I regard as allied to C. ilia. My detailed description is now lost and I forwarded the specimen to New York to be figured, so it is now inaccessible to me. The species is from Yreka, California.
With regard to the specific name this is already used in the Noctu- idae for a species of Hadena. It has been hitherto the custom to re¬ ject such names, but this should not be done where, as in the present case, there is no danger of confusion.
8
AUG. R. GROTE.
22. Catocala ilia, Cramer sp.
^ 9 . — Primaries dark cinereous, powdered with glaucous scales and shaded with black. A basal ray. T. a. line geminate. Reniform whitish with a small black internal ring. Subreniform pale, subquadrate, connected usually with the t. p. line. Beyond the spots the median space is shaded with black. Sometimes the whole wing is shaded with blackish to t. p. line, leaving the re¬ niform as a large white blotch without the annulus. Again the wing wants the glaucous scales and the reniform is concolorous, or merely shows a few white scales. Secondaries orange red with an irregular black median band tapering to the margin. Basal hairs fuscous. Average expanse 75 mm.
An exceedingly common and very variable species, found in Mary¬ land and Virginia.
23. Catocala uxor, Guenee.—
This species has not been recognised by me. I am disposed to re¬ gard some of the varieties of C. ilia as intended. The use of the spe¬ cific name is objectionable.
24. Catocala innubens, Guenee.
% 9 • — A species of moderate size with rich brown primaries, powdered with glaucous scales. The lines are distinct, black and not very jagged. The sub¬ reniform. is small, and pale and a ready character. The wings tend to be dif¬ fusely shaded with deep brownish from the base outwardly. Secondaries red¬ dish-orange, with a broad tolerably even median band which tapers suddenly towards internal margin where it becomes lost in the long dull colored hairs which clothe the base and internal edge of the wing. Expanse 65 mm.
Not uncommon in the Middle and Western States.
This species must not be confounded with C. muliercula, Guenee , which I refer to the following section from the color of its hind wings, and which wants the whitish serrulate shading before the subterminal line characteristic of C. innubens. I now consider as a well marked variety merely of C. innubens :
a. Catocala scintillans, G. & R.
Both sexes of this form have occured rarely. The primaries above are intensely and entirely blackish brown to the transverse posterior line, and this portion of the wing is overlaid by bronze or glaucous me¬ tallic scales arranged in fine wrinkled lines which in certain lights are brilliant. I was first led to associate C. scintillans with C. innubens, by seeing an analogous variation in C. ilia, and on detecting the glau¬ cous scales of C. innubens to be brilliant in certain lights, Certainly the two look very distinct, but there seem no other palpable differences, while the paler apices and terminal space and whitish subterminal line ofC. innubens are well expressed in C. scintillans. Besides, a speci¬ men ofC. scintillans, in Mr. Edwards’ Collection, shows the t. a. line and the subreniform spot of C. innubens plainly.
AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
9
25. Catocala cerogaina, Guenee.
% — A rather large species with the body parts proportionally slender.
Forewings pale wood brown, frosted with white scales and shaded with bright brown and whitish. T. a. line geminate, strongly marked outwardly to sub-me¬ dian interspace, to below the white and prominent sub-reniform. A broad whitish shade extends downwardlyand outwardly obliquely from costa over the diffuse palebrownish reniform spot, bringingthe strongly marked t. a. line, which it margins inwardly, into relief superiorly. T. p. line black and distinct to 2d nervule, accompanied by bright brownish shades; the brown bright color ob¬ tains between the t. p. line and the whitish bordering of the dentate sub-ter¬ minal line. The veins tend to being marked by dark scales. Hind wings black with an even narrow median yellow band. Base clothed with long pale fuscous hairs, beneath which the yellow scales that clothe the wing may be detected. Thus, in reality, the hind wings do not differ from those of the suc¬ ceeding group in pattern. Beneath, with primaries, they are pale yellow, crossed by a broad median and marginal black band, the latter retired from the edge of the wing. Expanse 75 to 85 mm.
Not common. Eastern, Middle and Western States.
26. Catocala neogama, Guenee.
■£, 9 • — A stout bodied species of strong habit. Primaries above cinereous, varying in depth of shade. Basal half line black, distinct, and there is a basal ray, usually evident, accompanied by a brown shade. T. a. line better defined superiorly and outwardly and, with the t. p. line, accompanied usually by bright brown shadings. Reniform tolerably large and distinct, with an interior shaded brown annulus ; the disconnected subreniform is pale and moderate though well defined. T. p. line single with two strong subequal teeth and a strongly marked inflection on s. m. interspace. Subterminal in¬ terspace usually bright brown. S. t. line inconspicuous ; the usual sub-apical dark shade or streak. Hind wings dark yellow with an irregular median band, tapering, but continued beneath the longer dark fuscous hair to internal margin, constricted superiorly. Basal hairs dark. Beneath all the black bands very attenuate. Expanse 80 to 82 mm.
Eastern and Middle States; very common.
I do not believe this to be the Phalaena neogama of Smith. In the Berlin Museum I have named this species Catocala communis , while two specimens from Texas therein contained differed from the present by their brighter colored secondaries, and otherwise more nearly resembled Abbot’s figure. I determined these two latter specimens as C. neogama, Smith sp. I have no further material from the South at the moment before me, but believe my determinations in 1867 will be justified by future discoveries.
27. Catocala subnata, Grote.
Catocala subnata, Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. p. 327 (1864).
£ 9 • — Anterior wings pale grey with a greenish or bluish tinge. All the lines are narrow, better defined superiorly, not very distinct. Reniform smaller, less prominent than in C. neogama, Guenee, which this species closely
(2) JANUARY, 1872.
TRANS, AMER. ENT. £OC. IV.
10
AUG. R. GROTE.
resembles. Sub-reniform large, open, formed by a deep sinus of the t. p. line. Hind wings bright yellow; hairs at the base and along internal margin more yellow, less obscurely colored than in C. neogama. Median band as in C. neo¬ gama, but less irregularly edged. Thorax pure grey; body parts paler than in C. neogama. Expanse 80 to 90 mm.
Middle States. Rare. “ Kanawha, 1867” 9 Edwards’ Collection.
Differs from C. neogama, Guenee , by its slender body parts and greater expanse. At first sight it resembles it closely, but the large open sub-reniform, the paler hind wings, and the more acutely dentate t. p. line are distinguishing characters.
28. Catocala piatrix, Grote.
Catocala piatrix, Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. Vol. 3, p. 532 (1864).
% 9 • — A well sized species with slenderer body parts than C. neogama, but stouter than the succeeding species, C. palaeogama, with which Mr. Walker has confounded it. Very distinct in color and -appearance from its allies. An¬ terior wings dark wood brown, or blackish brown, slightly silky, darker shaded in the sub-basal space, on the costa above the discal cell, and obliquely sub- apically on the terminal space. When fresh with powdery greenish scales along the the veins. Lines black. Basal half-line with a single tooth, termin¬ ating with an outward inclination. T. a. line geminate, with the outer line sometimes less distinct, with an obsolete sub-costal tooth, irregularly undulate, divaricate. A paler costal shade spreads obliquely from costa over the sub- reniform. Reniform shaded with black, thrice excavated exteriorly, followed by a blackish shade. Subreniform usually closed but connected with the t. p. line, occasionally open, always paler and well defined. T. p. line black, dis¬ tinct, without dilations, a prominent sinus on s. m. interspace; discal teeth sub-equal and prominent. Subterminal line geminate, with a greyish center. Hind wings deep yellow, internal margin and base clothed with long dark brownish hair. Median band broad, not much constricted, tapering suddenly to internal margin. Thorax concolorous with primaries ; tegulse bordered with black lines; prothorax with a black line. Expanse 78 to 84 mm.
Not rare throughout the Atlantic District. I have a specimen from Southern Alabama.
29. Catocala palaeogama, Guenee.
Catocala palaeogama , Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. Vol. 3, Plate 3, fig. 2 (1864).
% 9. — Anterior wings grey, powdered with greenish grey and black scales and shaded with blackish, and with bright brown on the subterminal space. Ordinary lines black, rather broad and distinct. Reniform moderate, rounded, indistinct, with a brownish center, sometimes entirely black. Sub-reniform pale, small, independent or rarely connected with t. p. line. Sinus of t. p. line on submedian space broadly marked, acute, not deep. Hind wings dark yellow. Median band narrow, much constricted, tapering wavedly to internal margin. Expanse 72 to 75 mm.
Less common than the preceding species. Eastern and Middle States.
A well marked variety of this species is :
AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
11
a. Catocala phalanga, Grote.
^ ^ .—Primaries paler than in type, pale greenish grey, whitish before the reniform on median space. Base of the wing suffused with black and the nar¬ row subterminal space entirely black between the t. p. and the white marked sub-terminal line. Reniform variable as in the type.
30. Catocala habilis, Grote.
^ 9. — Smaller and slighter than C. palaeogama, of the same general habit, with paler more evenly colored primaries. Fore wings pale grey with a green¬ ish tint. All the lines black, narrow, often indistinct. Basal half-line and t. a. line as in C. palaeogama. T p. line with less prominent teeth, and differing by being connected with and encircling the inconspicuous sub-reniform, which is usually open, n little paler than the ground color of the wing, moderate, sub- pyriform, excavated outwardly. The sub-median sinus is prominent and more broadly marked ; the t. p. line followed by a faint whitish shade. The s. t. space is inconspicuously brownish; s. t. line faint, preceded by a whitish shade much as in C. palaeogama. Terminal interspaceal points evident. Secondar¬ ies dark yellow, a little paler than C. palaeogama; bands similar, the median a little broader, the marginal proportionally a little narrower than in C. palaeo¬ gama. Thorax pale .grey, coneolorous with primaries; thoracic lines sub-obso¬ lete. Expanse 60 to 65 mm.
A number of coincident specimens examined from Pennsylvania.
31. Catocala coiisors, Guenee.
Phalaena consors, Smith.
■£, 9 . — -A species of moderate size, a little stouter than C. habilis ; the orna¬ mentation of the primaries recalling C. epione. Forewings dark ashen, pulve¬ rulent, coneolorous. Lines black and usually broad and evident. T. a. line outwardly oblique, waved, without costal tooth. Reniform large, with a nar¬ row internal brown annulus, excavated externally. Subreniform small, nearly fused with reniform, pyriform, whitish or pale, evident. T. p. line, with a single not very prominent tooth opposite the cell, below which it is very moder¬ ately waved or dentated ; submedian sinus moderate. Beyond it the s. t. is ob¬ scure brown, and then a broad greyish shade precedes the inconspicuous sub¬ terminal line. Hind wings bright deep yellow; median band twice constricted, flexuous ; deep corresponding excavations are formed in the external band, while the yellow interspace between the bands is narrower than usual. Be¬ neath the purplish-brown terminal shades are very broad on both wings. Ex¬ panse 60 to 63 mm.
Georgia. (Ridings.)
32. Catocala pouderosa, G. & R.
Catocala ponderosa, G. & R. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. Yol. 6, Plate 4, fig. 2. (1866).
Catocala nebulosa, Edwards.
% 9 . — A fine stout bodied species with somewhat of the habitus of C. neo- gama. Anterior wings greyish cream color, variable in depth of tint, much shaded with deep brown, transvere lines black. Basal space to t. a. line en¬ tirely suffused superiorly with blackish-brown. Median space usually pale or quite light, when it contrasts with basal and terminal coloration quite strongly. Reniform bisannulate, obliterate, coneolorous. Subreniform small, entirely enclosed but connected with the t. p. line, distinctly margined, coneolorous. T. p. line black, distinctly defined, slightly dilated before internal margin and
12
AUG. R. GROTE.
again immediately on costa, irregular, with two prominent teeth the lower of which is about a third shorter than the upper. Terminal space, with a pur¬ plish shade, brown, centrally shaded with paler scales. Posterior wings dark or deep yellow; the median band much as in C. neogama,but slightly broader, narrowing the basal yellow space which is more or less concealed by the longer hair-like basal scales. Head and thorax brown, tegulse with narrow marginal lines. Abdomen dust color, tufted on the basal segments. Expanse 70 to 75 mm.
Middle and Western States ; not common.
Resembles C. muliercula, in color as much as any species, but larger, and little slenderer than C. neogama. The faint purple lustre of the primaries reminds one of Erebus, Letis and allied genera.
Mr. Edwards compares the secondaries quite wrongly with those of C. cerogama, which C. ponderosa in no wise resembles. The specific name chosen by Mr. Edwards had already been used five times in the family.
33. Catocala muliercula, Guenee.
^ 9 . — Primaries deep brown, shaded with bluish over the paler median space. Lines black; t. a. arcuate, once waved on internal nervure ; t. p. line with two equal projected teeth opposite the cell, below which it runs obliquely inwardly downward, slightly dentate, projected outwardly again before the slight sinus or internal nervure. A pale shade before the moderate reniform ; subreniform quite small, very pale, evident, tending to be joined to the t. p. line. Hind wings bright deep yellow; basal hairs blackish; median band broad, continued, not constricted ; marginal band broad, its inner edge twice lightly excavated, the lower notch the deepest. Abdomen basally tufted, dark above ; thorax concolorous with primaries. Expanse 58 to 60 mm.
Middle and Western States. Rare.
Smaller than C. innuhens, which has paler brown primaries powdered with grey, and orange secondaries.
34. Catocala bariia, G. & R.
Catocala badia, G. & R. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. Vol. 6. Plate 4, fig. 1 (1866).
£ 9- — A moderate sized species of very distinctive appearance, reminding one a little of Ophiusa. Legs long, strongly spurred. Primaries pale chestnut brown with two transverse dark brown broad shades obscuring the ordinary lines. The first within the arcuate t. a. line, the second over and without the angulated t. p. line and neatly defined outwardly. The reniform is obscured. The t. p. line may be discerned with difficulty ; it has a single tooth opposite the single more or less marked angulation of the outer edge of the dark shade ; it runs deeply inwardly below the reniform, forming the open subreniform, and here greatly constricting the median space ; below this it is a little irregular, forming an improminent dentation on vein 1. Hind wings light bright yellow; median band not constricted, tapering towards internal margin before it ex¬ pires; marginal band narrow with irregular or crenulated inner edge; fringes blackish. Expanse 58 mm.
Middle and Eastern States. Not rare; occurred frequently at See- konk, Rhode Island.
AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
13
35. Catocala antinympha, Hubner sp.
Catocala melanympha, Guenee.
% 9 • — Smaller and slighter than C. muliercula. Primaries dead black, with velvety black lines defined by very narrow pale shades. Reniform with pale center and internal annulus. The brown color of the subterminal space fills in the large and open subreniform, within which the pale external edging of the t. p. line becomes more evident. The pale grey serrated shade before the s. t. line is tolerably distinct, as are the interspaceal terminal double, black and pale points. Hind wings light bright yellow with black basal hairs and an even well continued median band. Fringes black, whitish at apex. Expanse 54 mm.
Middle and Eastern States. Rare.
36. Catocala serena, Edwards.
£ 9 • — Dusky ashen. Head, collar and costse of primaries, more or less suf¬ fused or shaded with a darker blackish ashen tint. Lines fine. T. a. with a fine costal tooth, thence slightly waved to internal margin. T. p. line finely dentate, with a single slightly projected tooth opposite the cell. Reniform small, inconspicuous, single. Subreniform open, pale, formed by a deep sinus of t. p. line, which runs again deeply inwardly at internal vein. The pale ser¬ rated subterminal shade is evident, preceded and followed by dark shades. Hind wings rather light yellow, with a narrow angulated continued black me¬ dian band tapering to internal margin. Basal hairs dusky. Marginal band broad, its inner edge even, angulated or elbowed. Beneath the bands are broad, leaving narrow yellow interspaces ; body dark. Expanse 58 to 60 mm.
Several specimens from Pennsylvania examined. My good friend Mr. Sanborn has sent me a specimen from Massachusetts.
37. Catocala illecta. Walker.
% . — A broad winged, moderately stout species, recalling C. concumbens in appearance and color of primaries. Forewings and thorax pale grey, lightly shaded, evenly colored; collar marked with brown linear shades. Lines fine and black. Reniform small. T. p. line acutely dentate, with a single strongly projected tooth opposite the cell (the usual lower tooth reduced), the moder¬ ate subreniform open, formed by a deep sinus of the t. p. line which is again rather deeply inflected on the internal nervure. Subterminal shad¬ ings very inconspicuous. Hind wings bright golden yellow without darker basal hairs. Median band proportionally narrow, once constricted, even, squarely and abruptly terminated much before the margin. Terminal band narrow forming a disconnected spot at the angle; fringes whitish. Abdomen yellow. Beneath, body and wings grey. Disc yellow ; bands narrow ; on se¬ condaries median band discontinued superiorly, forming a discal lunule on the cell. Expanse 75 mm.
A single specimen without locality in Mr. Edwards’ Collection.
38. Catocala Clintonii, G-rote.
Catocala Clintonii, Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. 3, p. 89. PI. 3, fig. 4 9, (1864). I have fully illustrated this species, of which I have seen but few specimens from New York and Massachusetts, as above cited. It is rare in Collections and I have not yet seen the male.
14
AUG. R. GROTE.
39. Catocala niiptialis, Walker.
Catocala nuptialis, Walk. C. B. M. XIII, p. 1206 (1857).
This species I have not identified. The description in the British Museum Lists agrees in some points with the succeeding, without coin¬ ciding.
“United States.”
40. Catocala atobreviatclla. Grote.
^ £ .—Primaries smooth pale grey, but little shaded, a little darker termin¬ ally. Basal half line fine. T. a. line black, very broad and distinct, straightly outwardly oblique to below median nervure opposite the subreniform, thence entirely lost and obliterate. Reniform moderate, annulate, with a black spot in. feriorly. T. p. line faint, obliterate, plainest opposite the disc, without promi¬ nent teeth, encircling the open subreniform, the inner edge of which latter, approximate to the extremity of the black portion of the t. a. line and superior¬ ly touching the lower part of the reniform, is alone marked and distinct. Sub- terminal shades vague ; sub-terminal space faintly tinted with brown. Hind wings bright yellow. A rather narrowed, slightly constricted median black band expires much before the margin. Hind border not wide, interrupted and forming a prominent spot at anal angle. Beneath, the median band is aborted superiorly. Thorax pale grey, collar with a darker stain. Abdomen dust color, pale. Expanse 46 mm.
Two specimens from Texas (Belfrage).
Resembles no species known to me in the peculiar appearance of the ordinary lines of the primaries.
41. Catocala frederici, Grote.
j . — Front, between the eyes, narrowly longitudinally dark brown. Ter¬ minal palpal joints dark brownish, mixed with grey on 2nd joint. Basal joint pale. Vertex, collar and thorax very pale testaceous greyish or whitish, without markings; collar faintly olivaceous. Abdomen clear bright yellow ; beneath paler. Legs pale greyish, tarsi annulate with black. Anterior wings with ob¬ literate markings, somewhat dark olivaceous, but overlaid everywhere with pale scales, through which the lines are faintly visible. All the lines are dull olivaceous blackish, most strongly marked on costa. Basal half line distinct. The t. a. line appears widely geminate, the outer component line broadly tri- gonately marked on costa. Median shade irregular, perpendicular. Ordinary spots obsolete. Reniform apparently large and circular, succeeded by an ir¬ regular darker shade. T. p. line even, regularly scolloped and brought into re¬ lief by a coincident narrow very pale shade. Subterminal line dark, evenly dentate, slightly projected opposite the disc. A distinct terminal series of in- terspaceal black points and short pale streaks. Fringes pale. Secondaries largely clear bright yellow. A narrow black median band tapering inferiorly and discontinued shortly beyond its inward projection, expiring much before internal margin. Terminal band narrow, especially at apex where it is even and leaves a broad yellow apical space below which it is externally evenly scolloped. It is discontinued abruptly at 2nd nervule. At vein 1 on the mar¬ gin is a faint black spot. Beneath both wings are clear yellowish with narrow terminal and median bands. Expanse 57 mm. Length of body 28 mm.
AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
15
Two specimens from Texas (Friedrich) examined in the Berlin Mu¬ seum. Very distinct in appearance from any of its congeners.
42. Catocala micronymplia, Guenee.
%. — Anterior wings slightly dentate, costa arched to the apices which are produced, chestnut brown varied with whitish grey and blackish. The two median lines distinct but narrow, separated above but nearing below : t. p. line strongly projected opposite the cell where it is bidentate, the inferior tooth greatly reduced, afterwards uniformly waved, without a sinus on the sub-me¬ dian nervure which is shaded with black along its entire length. Reniform re¬ placed by a black streak. Median shade well defined, stopping at the cell and thence ascending towards the terminal margin where it touches with black two or three nervules. Subterminal line whitish, undulate or zigzag, nearly per¬ pendicular, touching in passing the exerted tooth of the t. p. line. Hind wings ochrey yellow, with a broad arcuated hind border, as usual interrupted and forming a spot at anal angle; median band narrow, slightly angulated, with two streaks of blackish scales joining it from the base. Beneath, the median band is broader, especially at costa towards which it nearly spreads to base. Primaries beneath entirely yellow to the first black band.
I have not identified Guenee’s description which I here translate.
Size and habit of the European C. protonympha, which it nearly resembles.
43. Catocala polygama, Guenee.
Differs from the European C. hymenea as follows : — . — The anterior wings are a little narrower, with the terminal margin more rounded, cinereous with a slight greenish tint, much more shaded and powdered with ferruginous, es¬ pecially behind the t. p. line where this color brings into relief the dentate sub¬ terminal line. The ordinary lines are less clearly marked, their angles softened. The t. p. line is tnore lightly waved and, above the s. m. nervure, makes a profound sinus, broad, black and bordered with ferruginous. The median band of the hind wings more constricted on the cell, beyond more greatly arcuated or rounded and it is continued to the terminal margin. The hind broader is less largely intruded upon by yellow scales at the apex and the spot at anal angle is larger. The second joint of the palpi is notably securiform and the third slightly spatulate.
I translate Uuenee’s description. I have before me a number of specimens (Canada to Virginia) which differ in appearance among themselves but which I cannot separate into species, and which I refer to Guenee’s C. polygama. The largest specimens are much shaded with whitish before the ordinary spots, while the median space be¬ hind is tinged with glaucous. The base of the fore wings is much shaded with deep brown, while the subterminal space is bright brown and usually strikes the eye. But again specimens are before me wanting all pale and bright brown colors, uniform dull brown and blackish and more like Guenee’s indifferent figure. The expanse varies.
16
AUG. R. GROTE.
the Canadian specimens being smallest. The shade of the secondaries is not uniform. One specimen is remarkable for the encreased size of the subreniform and the deep orange yellow secondaries. One speci¬ men is shaded with blackish along internal margin of primaries. The terminal band of secondaries is sometimes disconnected from the anal spot. These specimens vary from 38 to 50 mm. in expanse. But the course of the ordinary lines remains nearly the same, and I think we have to do with a single variable species. The lower discal tooth of the t. p. line is sometimes reduced and the lines are nearer together at internal margin in some specimens. The sinus of the t. p. line is al¬ ways deep and marked.
44. Catocala amasia, Guenee.
Phalcena amasia, Smith (upper figure).
This pretty species is rare in Collections and I have no specimens before me at the moment. In the Berlin Museum is a specimen from Georgia (Sieber).
45. Catocala formula, G. & R.
Phalcena amasia, Smith (lower figure).
Catocala formula, G. & R. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. Yol. 6. Plate 4, fig. 5 (1866).
% 9 . — There is little doubt that this very distinctively marked species, which is fully illustrated as above cited, is intended by Abbot as the male of C. amasia, and figured on the same Plate in the Insects of Georgia. My specimens are from the Middle States, however, and I have seen none yet from the South.
46. Catocala conuubialis, Guenee.
“48 mm. — Primaries a little produced at apices, pale ashen with the two median lines tolerably approximate; the t. p. line followed by a second, paral¬ lel, but less distinct. Reniform annulate, complete ; beneath it a second spot also annulate, rounded and joined to the two lines by a blackish streak. Hind wings yellow with a narrow median band, joining near the middle of the wing a black streak from the base, and narrow marginal band interrupted and form¬ ing a spot at anal angle.”
Guenee describes this species together with its larva, which eats the leaves of Cephalanthus occidentalis (button bush), from a drawing of Abbot’s, without reference to which it will probably be difficult to identify the species.
47. Catocala grynea, Cramer sp.
Catocala nuptula, Walker.
% 9 . — Primaries pale dull glaucous grey, squamation smooth and close. All the lines faint and indicated by bright brown scales. Sinus of the t. p. line deep and marked, below this there is a prominent bright brown shade on the margin ; ordinary lines propinquitous at internal margin. Costal brown marks evident. Ordinary spots vague, pale ringed. Hind wings deep yellow; median
AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
17
band joins a blackish ray from base, but appears beyond as a black spot on the margin. Hind border constricted but not disconnected before anal angle. Ex¬ panse 40 to 50 mm.
Eastern, Middle aud Southern States. Quite common and not at all variable except in size. Cramer’s figure of this easily recognised species cannot, I think, be mistaken.
48. Catocala praeclara, G. & R.
Catocala praeclara, G. & R. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. Vol. 6. Plate 4, fig. 4 (1866).
'J, 9. — Slighter than C. grynea which it imitates, but is quickly distin¬ guished by the brilliant green reflection of the fore wings, the deep brown color of the subterminal space superiorly, which soils sub-apically the terminal space, and the pale yellow secondaries on which the hind border is disconnected. Expanse 40 to 44 mm.
Eastern and Middle States; less frequently occuring than C. grynea.
This species is fully illustrated as above cited. It does not vary and cannot be confounded with any other from the unusually strong gloss or sheen of the fore wings above.
49. Catocala fratercula, G. & R.
Catocala fratercula, G. & R. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. Vpl. 6. Plate 4, fig. 3 (1866).
^ 5. — A moderate species, varying in the distinctness of the median black shade, which ascends as usual to external margin. The median space is some¬ times shaded with whitish before the reniform. There is no sinus to the t. p. line. The shape of the median band varies in being more or less acutely pro¬ duced opposite anal constriction of the hind border. The primaries above vary in depth of color. Fxpanse 42 to 46 mm.
Rhode Island to Virginia (Kanawha). Not common.
50. Catocala iiilnuta, Edwards.
Catocala parvula, Edwards.
£ 9 • — Smaller than the preceding species which it resembles in color. Pri¬ maries dull wood ashen with something of an ochraceous tint. T. p. line acutely dentate. Subterminal white serrated shade vivid and distinct, especially at costa, and this is a quick character. The general appearance of the primaries varies immensely. Sometimes the base is dead black; again the black color spreads to t. p. line; again it is confined to the internal margin; this latter variety is C. parvula, Edwards. Again the whole wing is blackish, except the vivid white subtermiual shade which rarely is obsolete inferiorly. The thorax is always pale. Hind wings pale yellow ; median band narrow, flexuous ; hind border usually continuous, generally broken in var. parvula. Exp. 35 to 40 mm.
Rhode Island, New York; very common.
Some of the varieties of this little species are exceedingly pretty. I have been told the larva is to be found on the common Locust (Robinia).
51. Catocala gracilis, Edwards.
Catocala similis, Edwards.
% 9- — Primaries clear bluish grey varied with blackish. Lines faint, obso¬ lete. A basal dash. Internal margin washed with blackish, broadly and
(3) January, 1872.
TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. IV.
18
AUG. R. GROTE.
lightly, from t. a. line outwardly. T. p. line perpendicular with a broadly marked sinus, with one hardly prominent tooth. Two specimens in Mr. Ed¬ wards' Collection have the wings somewhat hoary and the lines more perceiva¬ ble. These are labelled similis. This species has the primaries of a purer grey than usual. It approaches C. androphila in the appearance of the wings ; the secondaries are ded^yellow, with a narrow even median band discontinued much before the margin. Hind border discontinued and appearing again as a detached large spot near the angle. Beneath the band is attenuate. Thoracic lines dis¬ tinct. Veins of the primaries above indicated. Expanse 40 to 42 mm.
New York, Rhode Island ; not uncommon.
52. Catocala amlropliila, Guenee.
Corisce arnica, Hubner.
h 9 • — Primaries pale gray, the lines fine, not very evident, the t. a. line the heavier marked. A distinct black median shade on costa above the reni- form and continued beneath it, running upward to external margin below apex. A brown shade fills the space left by the exserted portion of the t. p. line beyond the reniform. This black median shade is marked on costa, but else sub-obsolete in all the males I have before me and the brown shading very faint. The t. p. line minutely dentate without prominent teeth. Subreniform small, pale and both spots inconspicuous and often incompletely ringed. The serrated sub-terminal white shade is tolerably distinct; fringes dark. Hind wings bright yellow ; abroad black terminal band is squarely discontinued and appears as a black dot at anal angle. Fringes dark except at apex, where is a small yellow patch. Beneath the marginal band is brokenly and narrowly continued to anal angle and the median band is indicated by tolerably large spots or fragments. A specimen from Texas differs by its dirty, ochreous grey primaries much shaded with deep black and may be a distinct species. Ex¬ panse 40 to 45 mm.
Eastern States, southward. Not rare.
According to Guenee, who describes from Abbot’s unpublished draw¬ ings, the larva feeds on oak. The specimen in the British Museum determined as “ Catocala arnica” is an Ephesia elonympha, Hubner.
53. Catocala lined la. Grote.
% 9- — A little smaller than C. androphila. The primaries notably darker, being powdered with glaucous, bluish or greenish-grev, and black scales on a paler ground. Lines black and more distinct while similar to C. androphila; subreniform connected more or less evidently with the t. p. line. Serrated whitish subterminal shade and marginal black lunated line distinct. Second¬ aries deep yellow, a few dusky hairs at base. Terminal band much as in C. androphila. Beneath, the median band is merely expressed by two small dis¬ connected dots, of which the upper is sometimes wanting and occasionally both. Expanse 36 to 38 mm.
Same localities as C. androphila.
Perhaps this is Guenee’s var. a of C. androphila. I have a number of coincident specimens and I believe it to be distinct specifically.
AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
19
54. Catocala messalina, Guenee.
%. — Habit of C. androphila, but a little larger. Primaries of an even vio¬ laceous brownish grey, with all the anterior half shaded with pale grey. The ordinary lines are faint, flexuous, not angulated, nearly parallel and very con¬ tiguous inferiorly. Reniform continuous to the t. p. line. Hind wings pale ochre yellow, base a little dusky, without median band, but with a wide hind border continued to both margins, and having a single sinus not far from anal angle. Beneath, paler with traces of the median band. Abdomen slender, acute, brown beneath. Thorax grey, with a brown collar.
N'ot identified by me. I have translated Guenee’s description on page 107, Yol. 3, of the Noctuelites. This species should be recognis¬ able from the continuous hind border of the secondaries, an exceptional character of this group.
In addition to the above enumerated fifty-four species of the genus, of which seven have not been seen by me, Dr. Behr has described three species from the Western District in these Transactions which remain equally unknown to me. Most of the material I have used is in the collection of the American Entomological Society, together with Mr. Edwards’ specimens kindly loaned me for examination.
After writing so far my kind friend, Mr. Charles A. Blake, sends me specimens of two black winged species of Catocala from Pennsylvania which I describe here :
2. Catocala lachrymosa, Guenee.
%. — Anterior wings dark, blackish, sparsely sprinkled with bluish cinereous, shaded with deep brownish on the sub-terminal space. Primaries a little more produced at the apices and the expanse greater compared with C. epione. T, a. line broadly marked on costa, thence thrice waved to internal margin, pre¬ ceded by a cinereous shade which becomes whitish, broad and evident on the margin. T. p. line with two prominent discal teeth, a deep inflection below vein 2, distinctly preceded by whitish scales on the margin. The two lines are here very approximate. Sub-terminal line black, distinct, dentate, preceded by cinereous scales which are also more evident on internal margin as well as towards costa. Secondaries deep black, with white fringes, cut with black cen¬ trally. Beneath, the hind wings are largely whitish at base ; beyond a narrow, rivulous white m. band. Thorax with black lines, similar in color to primaries. Abdomen black above; body whitish beneath. Expanse 80 mm.
This species seems in a measure intermediate between C. epione and C. desperata, while more nearly resembling the latter. Guen^e’s de- cription is, as might be expected, trenchant and accurate. All the lines are very black and evident, though the two median are less broad than in C. epione, in appearance more as in C. desperata. The black sub-terminal is a ready character.
20
AUG. R. GROTE.
3 bis. Catorala Robinsonii, Grote.
% 9 . — I have alluded to this species above under C. insolabilis. The prima¬ ries are evenly smooth, pale greenish cinereous, without shades. This is a lit¬ tle stouter than C. insolabilis ; larger and of a different hue compared with C. retecta. Median lines narrow and black. T. p. line acutely dentate ; subreni- form open. Median shade perceptible above reniform narrowly on costa, else¬ where not apparent. Median lines accompanied by pale shades. Subterminal indistinct, dentate, consisting of a darker outer and paler inner shade line. Hind wings black with white fringes. Beneath with narrow median white bands on both wings. Expanse 75 mm.
With the Californian species noticed by Dr. Behr, we have now fifty-eight (58) described North American species of Catocala, nine of which remain unknown to me.
-:o:-
Descriptions of Worth American WOCTIJIDAE.-Wo. 1.
BY AUG. R. GROTE.
The typical specimens described in the present Series of Papers are contained in the Collection of Lepidoptera now belonging to the Amer¬ ican Entomological Society and separately preserved, formerly the pro¬ perty of Mr. C. T. Robinson.
These descriptions have been written preparatory to a Revision of the North American Noctuidae, in which an attempt will be made to define the genera more completely and in accordance with the more recent classificatory views expressed by Lederer. — Dr. Herrich- Schaeffer’s system for designating the nervulation has priority, seems the best and is used here.
1. Hadena (mamestra) badistriga, n. sp. — % 9 —Palpi thickly scaled, third joint small, concealed, maxillae moderate, eyes hairy. £ anten¬ nae simple, hind tibiae with two pair of small unequal spurs. Head and thorax blackish brown, collar pale. Anterior wings pale along costal region to beyond t. p. line. Ordinary spots obsolete. Of the usual lines only the t. a. and t. p. lines evident; these black, narrow, single, continuous, distinct. T. a. line run¬ ning obliquely outwardly, roundedly projected to base of cell, thence inversely to internal margin. T. p. line evenly and greatly projected outwardly over the ner.vules without the cell, below which it runs inwardly and forms a notch on sub-median fold where it meets a broad blackish-brown shadeddash extending from base of wing to this point. A second similar dash along the disc, stretch¬ ing from t. a. line along median fold. The wing is shaded with brown, more
AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
21
continuously terminally where the veins are marked with blackish. A double narrow interrupted terminal line. T. p. line followed by a paler shade render¬ ing it very distinct. £ secondaries wholly whitish, 9 darkly bordered, crossed by a faint post median and distinct terminal line ; fringes whitish. Beneath, the t.p. line on primaries is faintly marked as is the transverse line on second¬ aries superiorly; marginal interrupted lines distinct. Expanse 30 to 32 mm.
Habitat. — Canada, New York State.
Varies in the more or less evident pallor of the collar and costal re¬ gion of primaries. I have bred this species from larvae found on the common honeysuckle Saunders Collection, No. 631. — Differs much from its congeners in appearance. The white % secondaries are some¬ what pellucid.
2. Emmelia (agropliila) apicella, m. — £ 9- — Head and thorax above orange ferruginous ; this color extends over the primaries obliquely down¬ ward at base. Beyond this, and margining it, a pale, whitish shade runs ob¬ liquely downwardly and is continued vaguely along the internal margin ; apices with a similar distinct oblique patch, while the extreme costal edge is tipped with ferruginous ; else the primaries are blackish as are the fringes ex¬ cept along the whitish apical patch. Hind wings and abdomen above blaekish. Beneath the body parts are whitish. Expanse 16 to 18 mm.
Habitat. — Central Alabama ; June.
This little species is not rare, occurring with A. leo and A. dama, Guenee. It is very distinct in its ornamentation from any of Guen6e’s species, of which it is possible there are in reality only two, A. onagrus being perhaps identical with A. leo. Under a microscope the blackish portion of the primaries above in apicella are seen to be dusted with pale scales. There are no traces of the ordinary spots and lines.
EUTOREEM4, m.
The porrect pointed palpi extend for half their length beyond the head. Front with a large rounded clypeal swelling, filling up the space between the eyes. Minute black ocelli. Maxillae moderate. % antennae minutely and finely bristled. Abdomen long, linear. Thorax compact and squared. Wings angulate. Forewings produced at apices and extremity of vein 4. Veins 3, 4, 5, equidistant at base. Cell open; veins 6 and 7 together from s. c. nervure opposite 5. Vein 8 shortly out of 9 to apex. Veins 9 and 8 approximate. Vein 10 out of 9 to costa; 11 running close to s. c. nervure and 10 to costa. Hind wings with vein 5 equally strong; external margin rounded, cut away at anal angle from vein 1. Middle tibiae with terminal, and hind tibiae with two pair of unequal spurs. A species of moderate size, with dark discolorous collar elevated in front, close squamation, naked
22
AUG. R. GROTE.
clypeus hid by the long second palpal joint, even fringes, dark colors and appearing allied to Toxicampa.
3. Entorenma tenuis, m.— % ? .—Brownish ashen; head palpi and collar blackish, discolorous with the paler thorax and abdomen. Forewings more or less clouded, or deeper colored superiorly, especially towards apices within apical streak. All the veins narrowly and neatly picked out by ochrey scales. Lines fine, ochrey with darker edges. T. a. line nearly straight. T.p. line even, acutely angled on vein 6, at which point it is joined by a distinct even oblique apical streak similarly colored. Below it runs evenly obliquely to internal margin nearly continuously with the apical streak. This latter with the upper part of the t. p. line above vein 6 form the two limbs of a Y. Reniform large, narrowly annulate with ochrey scales. Median shade dark, diffuse. Subterminal line fine, dentate, pale, issueing from above the middle of apical streak; terminal space pale with pale terminal line. The evenness and tenuity of the lines is noticeable. Secondaries a little darker than primaries; an oblique median line, similar to t. p. line, most obvious towards anal angle; a faintly marked subterminal line. Beneath, without markings; neuration perceivable from the folds in the wings. Expanse 28 to 30 mm.
Habitat. — Central Alabama ; July, August. Of frequent occurrence.
MATIGRAMMA, m.
Palpi moderate, porrect ; head rather square in front ; clypeus round- edly swollen, scaled ; epicranium somewhat raised longitudinally. Maxillae moderate. Antennae simple, minutely ciliate in % . Abdo¬ men linear; with the thorax not tufted or crested, smoothly scaled. Wings full, entire, rounded, with corresponding ornamentation. Fore wings with vein 2 a little nearer 3 than usual ; 3, 4, 5 equidistant at base, divaricate ; 6 opposite 5, from the point of divarication of 9 which crosses 7, thus closing and forming a very small accessory cell. Vein 8 to apex ; 9 to costa ; 10 from accessory cell ; 9, 10, 11 approx¬ imate. Hind wings 9-veined ; 3 and 4 from one point; 5 a little re¬ moved, equally strong; cell open as on primaries. A species of moder¬ ate size, with pulverulent, obscure, geometriform ornamentation or rather perhaps that of Mania. With a faint resemblance to some of the genera allied to Homoptera, this species seems rather related to Euclidia.
4. Matigrannna pulverilinea, m. — £ $. — Olivaceous blackish with powdered pale or greyish scales. Basal half-line and t. a. line faint, atomical, irregular waved, blackish, edged with pale scales. Median shade blackish, con¬ tinued, irregular. Reniform difficult to perceive, of the ground color of the wing, with an encircling ring of loosely massed pale scales, erect, constricted medially. T. p. line and sub-terminal more evident and similar. The first is moderately and widely rounded superiorly, slightly interspaceally lunate, powdery grey with blackish bordering lines. Sub-terminal sub-parallel with the t. p. line, continued, distinct, similar in appearance with the t. p. line but without evident
AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
23
blackish edging line ; from the course of the t. p. line, these two nearly parallel lines are divaricate at costa. The sub-terminal space between these two lines is blackish, darker than the wing elsewhere, free from pale scales at the sides. Terminal line a series of blackish interspaceal marks followed by whitish scales. Fringes concolorous with terminal space. Secondaries resembling primaries; the median shade line obsoletely (not always perceptibly) continued. Thet. p. and subterminal line are here more or less obviously continued from the primaries, as is the terminal line. Beneath almost without markings; faint dark discal shade dots and a more or less evident darker median line on hind wings. Ex¬ panse 30 to 34 mm.
Central Alabama; June and August. Quite common, entering the house to light. In this and preceding genus I take a slight tubercle on each side behind and very close to the eye as ocelli.
PLEOSECTYPTERA, m.
The single species hitherto described has been referred toHeliothis. It belongs however to Guenee’s Quadrifidae or Packard’s sub-family Catocalinae. Fore wings 12 veined : veins 3, 4 at base, divaricate ; 5 from incomplete cross vein ; costal veins aggregated ; 8 thrown off shortly from 9 to apex ; 9 crossing 7 and thus forming a small accessory cell above disc from which 6 is thrown off below ; 6, 7, 8, divaricate ; 1 1 out of centre of m. nervure to costa, beyond it the nervure is a little bent; 10 out of accessory cell near extremity, here 9, 10, 11, run closely together. Hind wings with vein 5 equally strong. Male fore wings beneath with a tuft of rigid hairs directed upward on vein 2 and a second above on median nervure. Legs finely scaled, £ hind tibiae bent, with a long external pencil of hair, middle and hind tibiae finely spurred. Palpi hanging, divaricate; maxillae moderate, antennae simple to the naked eye, £ with fine and short bristles. Body linear, closely scaled, abdomen a little longer than secondaries, 9 pointed, £ with swollen genitals. The species resemble Geometridae and are bright colored.
5. Pleonectyptera pyralis, Hubner sp. — £ 9 • — Head and collar dark purplish lead color, discolorous with thorax and abdomen which are yellow. Wings with corresponding ornamentation and color, yellow to thet. p. common line, beyond which they are dark reddish as are the fringes, less completely so in 'J, . On these broad reddish margins may be seen a series of dots composed of black and white scale points, the common sub-terminal line; a dark apical streak; the t. p. line is yellow centered, geminate, its inner line blackish, acutely projected opposite the disc, oblique. M. shade and t. a. line continued, narrow, faint, blackish ; former running just within the clouded reniform ; or¬ bicular a small black dot. Median shade continued across hind wings, faint, very near the equally faint discal streak. Beneath, the body and wings are stained with bright orange-red. £ Thorax white. Three black continuous ri-
24
AUG. R. GROTE.
vulous lines cross both wings; discal spot on primaries large and distinct. Ex¬ panse 30 to 32 mm.
Cental Alabama; July. Readily flies when disturbed.
6. Pleoneotyptera geometralis, m.— 9 .—Size, ornamentation, and coloration beneath of 9 P. pyralis; but above the wings are reddish fawn color, not clear yellow to the common t. p. line. Outside of this line the wings are terminally but little more reddish than centrally. The median shade and t. a. line are dark reddish ; orbicular dot a little larger and m. shade closer to the less prominent reniform spot compared with P. pyralis. On the secondaries the common oblique t. p. line is removed nearer the base of the wing, close to the common m. shade line, the latter fusing with the discal mark.
Same locality with P. pyralis; June. A single specimen taken. Very distinct in appearance from the want of contrast in color between the wings terminally aud centrally, so obvious in P. pyralis.
7. Pleonecty ptera plialaenalis, m.— 9 . — M uch smaller than the pre¬ ceding and differently colored and ornamented. Palpi divaricate and structure of body parts as in 9 P- pyralis. Pale dull olivaceous fawn color with a reddish tinge especially on hind wings. On primaries above only two lines visible; the t. a. and t. p. lines, which are approximate. Both are obsoletely geminate, with pale included shade ; the inner line wanting in the t. a. line and the outer in the t. p. line. Reniform blackish, sub-quadrate, relatively large, erect; orbicular a dot on the straight t. a. line. T. p. line slightly sinuate or projected superiorly. Hind wings with faint traces of an oblique transverse line as in the preceding species. Body above, concolorous with wings. Beneath, wings and body parts stained with vermillion. Above traces of a common dotted sub-terminal line. Beneath black discal dots and a faint black common transverse line. Expanse 24 mm.
Same locality with the preceding. A single specimen ; August.
8. Hypena toreuta, m.
Hypena internalis, Rob. Ann. N. Y. Lyc. (nomen bis lectum).
^ 9 • — Primaries entirely obscure sooty black. Ordinary lines indicated by minute white dots. On internal margin without and at base of the usual faintly indicated t. p. line is a conspicuous stained white spot. Secondaries blackish. Orbicular replaced by a small tuft of deep black raised scales. Expanse 28 to 30 mm.
Habitat. — Middle States. The female is a little the paler and allows the usual ornamentation of the primaries above to be more easily perceived. Very recognisable from the whitish blotch on in¬ ternal margin. Not in frequent in various localities in New York State. The name given by Mr. Robinson has been used in the genus by Mr. Guenee, for a different species.
9. Rcnia discoloralis, Guenee.
% 9 • — This is the largest of our species of Renia, a genus readily recognised from the characters offered by the antennae and labial palpi. The male antennae are thickened and finely bristled for over three-
AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
25
quarters of their length when they are provided with a long dense and rigid tuft of hair, beyond this they are slender and curled. The fe¬ male antennae are simple, and in both sexes relatively short. The male palpi have the seeond joint disproportionally elongated, fringed with long scales above, and are porrected ; the female palpi are pro¬ jected straightly forward after the fashion of Hypena, except in R. re- strictalis. The structure of the palpi however varies slightly with the species. The male R. discoloralis has the primaries above of a clear brown, more or less pale owing to ah admixture of light colored scales giving the wings in some specimens a powdery appearance. The t. a. line is narrow, thrice unequally waved. Median shade diffusely shaded, of Varying distinctness, oblique. T. p. line inwardly lunulate, irregular, obsoletely geminate, the outer line hardly discernible and the line itself often obliterate. Orbicular small, usually distinct, rounded, pale yellowish. Reniform narrow, sub-luniform, clear pale yellowish or ochrey with an upper and lower black included dot; often these dots are connected by a middle line. Sub-terminal line dis¬ tinct. geminate, with pale included shade, broken opposite the cell, projected on vein 4, again broken or indistinct below vein 3. A ter¬ minal line of interspaceal black points. Secondaries dark, crossed by two distinct lines. The male antennae are tolerably long from the base to the tuft. The long palpi porrect.
The female is usually discolorous. The sub-basal, sub-terminal and terminal fields of the primaries above are paler than the rest of the wing and give it a blotchy appearance. The color varies considerably. One specimen from Virginia is evenly ochrey griseous and has the or¬ dinary spots deep yellow while the wing, thorax and head is more or less spriukled or stained with deep yellow scales. The shorter anten¬ nae are simple ; the labial palpi projected straightly forward, equally as long as in the the male, terminal joints divaricate. One specimen resembles the % in color but the primaries are more profusely pow¬ dered with pale scales. Expanse 35 to 40 mm.
Habitat. — New York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia.
Not rare. Mr. Walker’s Hypena fallacialis is a synonym. In the British Museum Collection the most discordant material has been ar¬ ranged under Hypena, and many of the descriptions in the List under Hypena are of no value whatever.
10. Renta b re vi rostra I is. m.— % 9 .—Pale ochrey or bone color. Male antennae shorter altogether and particularly so from the base to the usual tuft, compared with R. discoloralis. Female antennae simple. Male palpi porrect,
(4) FEBRUART, 1872.
TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. IV.
26
AUG. R. GROTE.
proportionally a little shorter than usual. Female palpi long, projected straightly forward, third joints divaricate. The sexes are alike in color, but the female primaries are a little deeper toned and the lines are less distinct except the sub¬ terminal. The primaries have a peculiar dotted appearance less from a sparse sprinkling of black scales than from the fact that little is usually perceivable of the lines than a series of distinct black nervular dots. Median shade more or less evident below the reniform, diffuse. Ordinary spots but little apparent, pale, of the usual shape ; reniform with two black dots, but these are sometimes want¬ ing and sometimes the spot is incompletely edged with dark scales. Sub-ter¬ minal line consisting of a geminate series of dots with a paler included shade ; the line becomes more or less continuous towards costa. Secondaries paler than primaries with two tolerably evident and continuous transverse lines and a ter¬ minal series of black points as on primaries. Expanse 30 to 32 mm.
Habitat. — Pennsylvania, Alabama. Not unusual. Its pale Her- minia-like color and dotted ornamentation render it very recognisable.
11. Iienia larvalis, m. — % 9- — Compared with R. brevirostralis the male antennae are longer. The position of the longer palpi does not differ between the sexes as much as usual, since in the male these are less obliquely porrected. This species is dull purplish griseous, evenly colored, with obliterate ornamen¬ tation. The ordinary spots are pale, yellowish and of the usual appearance ; in all my specimens without dots ; my single female has them distinctly con¬ nected. M. shade faint. The t. p. and sub-terminal lines barely perceptible ; darker, irregular. Terminal lines as in E. brevirostralis but on secondaries mere continuous. Expanse 32 to 34 mm.
Habitat. — Pennsylvania ; Texas. The Texas specimen (Belfrage leg.) does not differ except by being a little darker and more distinctly marked. This species is but little larger than R. brevirostralis; the color is dull, obscure and faded looking. The t. p. line .when perceiv¬ able is narrow, irregular, mucb as in R. discoloralis. The subterminal line is usually more apparent and is indicated by dotted aggregations of dark scales. The whole insect is very inconspicuously marked’ The male antennae are rather noticeably pale colored.
12. Ileaia restrictalis, m. — % 9 .— The narrowest species known tome. Glossy purplish blackish, darker than E. larvalis. Antennae as usual, but the female palpi are shorter and notably porrected, more so than in the male, in which sex they agree in appearance with R. larvalis. Lines indistinct, except sub-terminal which consists of a series of small equal double dots (the outer faint) with pale included shade, much as in R. brevirostralis. Ordinary spots small, as usual yellowish ; reniform in all my specimens without dots. Second¬ aries nearly equally dark and concolorous with primaries with tolerably evident transverse lines. The sexes do not differ in color, but as in R. brevirostralis and R. larvalis, the male wings are a little narrower, primaries more pointed at the tips, while in the female the wings are fuller, the external ma-gins more round- edly exerted. Expanse 27 to 28 mm.
Habitat. — Pennsylvania. This species reminds one a little of Aglossa.
AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
9~
In all the species hitherto discussed the transverse posterior line is narrow, irregular, lunulate or rivulous, tending to be marked with ner- vular dots. In the two following it is even, of the usual Noctuid sub- sinuate appearance and quite distinct.
13. Reilia centralis, m. — % 9- — Blackisji, obscurely colored. Sizesmall, form slight, wings rather full; % antennae slender, ornamented as usual, 9 simple; % palpi long, strongly porrected, 9 palpi projected obliquely forwards. Deeper shaded on costal region. T. a. line narrow, linear, irregular. Orbicular yellowish, indistinct, black ringed. Reniform yellowish, of the usual form black ringed and black dotted, inconspicuous. T. p. line irregular, linear, fol¬ lowed by a pale shade apparent at costa. Subterminal followed by a pale shade also apparent at costa. Terminal black nervular dots. Secondaries nearly eon- colorous with primaries with the usual ornamentation, lines very evident re¬ lieved by very pale shades towards anal angle. Beneath the two subparallel common wrinkled lines crossing both wings are very distinct and relieved by following pale coincident lines or shades; blackish discal marks on both wings. Expanse 23 to 26 mm.
Habitat. — West Virginia.
More distinctly marked than the two preceding species, while simi¬ lar in color.
14. Renia pastoralis. m.— %. — Palpi porrect; male antennae as usual, wings a little wider than in preceding species. Dull obscure brownish, paler within t. p. line. Reniform with the customary dots, less prominently discolor- ous than usual. T. p. line even, gently curved, continuous, pale with indistinct dark marginal lines. Subterminal similar in appearance, but less distinct, pale, irregular inferiorly, broken opposite the disc and again inferiorly more or less plainly. Terminal line dotted on primaries, continuous on hind wings. Hind wings like primaries, a little lighter colored within the two transverse pale lines continued from primaries. Beneath the pale common line is evident. Expanse 28 mm.
Habitat. — Pennsylvania. My two specimens differ slightly and of one I have no locality. The transverse anterior line is very faint and median shade not perceptible in my specimens.
15. Renia Relfragei, m.— % 9 .—Darker colored than R. pastoralis with distinct lines. Palpi a little longer in the female, in both sexes sub-porrected, in the male held as m R. pastoralis. T. a. line even, distinct, dark, with preceding pale shade. Reniform black dotted, small, inconspicuous, not diseolorous,as in R. pastoralis. T. p. line even, curved,* continued, resembling t. a. line, with a following pale shade. Sub-terminal line indistinct, propinquitous, vaguely in¬ dicated by darker scales, with a faint succeeding pale shade, irregular. Termi¬ nal narrow black lines sub-continuous on both wings. Secondaries similarly colored with primaries and with the t. p. line continued across them nearly as distictly. Beneath the propinquitous t. p. and sub-terminal lines of the upper surface are distinguishable. Expanse 26 to 27 mm.
Habitat. — Texas (Belfrage leg.). Similar to R. pastoralis but darker aud more distinctly darkly lined.
28
AUG. R. GROTE.
I am sure I hope Mr. C. V. Riley will continue to copy my descrip¬ tions in this Family in the Missouri Reports, and avail himself, even without acknowledgment, of all other information useful to himself in my writings, without at the same time continuing a style of remark that is repugnant to good taste and cannot deserve any worthy popu¬ larity. In, as I believe, redescribing Acronycta lepusculina Guenee, the remarks as to the description of A. occidentalis, G. & R., only be¬ tray an unacquaintance with the species of the genus ; otherwise, since the European A. psi and the American A. occidentalis, are not at all to be properly compared with the species of Mr. Riley discusses, it would seem to be only for the sake of the opportunity for a reflection that a comparison is instituted. An entire description of A. occiden¬ talis seemed superfluous, since our species offers but few points of dif¬ ference when compared with its European analogue ; these points were briefly given. And no one else seems to have misunderstood our species ; while the synonymical remarks accompanying the description rendered a mistake impossible to any informed person. Mr. Saunders, in the pages of the Canadian Entomologist, has since found some of the slight points of difference drawn from the imagos inconstant, and has added other slight specific characters, while showing the larvae of the two species to be quite distinct in color and appearanoe. In the birth of his new species of Acronycta, Mr. C. V. Riley indulges in a burst of wild comparison that betrays rather than conceals his unacquaintance with his subject. In another place Mr. C. V. Riley exhibits a fine samp'e of that impertinence which has its origin in lack of thought and con¬ sideration, in refusing to regard the West Indian and South American Philampelus satellitia (Jyccton, Cramer), as distinct from our United States Philampelus pandorus ( satellitia J Harris, ampelophaga, Bois. MSS.), and this without knowing both of the species he incorrectly unites. It is perhaps not to be wondered at, that while gathering all his synomymical information in the Sphingidae from my own and Mr. Robinson’s Catalogue and List, Mr. C. V. Riley should accept so much and rudely and badly criticise so little. For his information, and not in defense of Hiibner or Geyer, it may be stated that Cnotus is taken from the Greek, and not necessarily any more “ gibberish” than the surname of the gentleman. I think that the literary Executors of the late lamented Mr. Walsh have cause for an action for piracy against Mr. C. V. Riley for using quotation marks to the verb eliminate, with¬ out due credit to the author of the witticism. But then of course much more valuable property of the deceased is worn and badly worn by our Entomological Elisha.
AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.
29
Synopsis of the North American species belonging to the Genera LEUCOSPIS, S. II ICR A and CHALCIS.
BY E. T. CRESSON.
Genus EEUCOPSIS, Fabr.
Abdomen petiolate . bnlbiventris.
Abdomen sessile or subsessile.
Body black, immaculate, without metallic lustre; wings black, hyaline at tip . ....apicalis.
Body black, immaculate, with a green metallic lustre ; wings hyaline.
Abdomen green-sericeous at apex ; the ovipositor reaching to the apex of scutellum . inexicana.
Abdomen bright golden at apex ; ovipositor not reaching to base of second abdominal segment . Sumiclirastii.
Body more or less marked or banded with yellow or red :
Abdomen short, broad, much narrowed at base ; posterior femora very large, broadly margined above with yellow ; abdomen with two or three yellow bands ; wings fuliginous . texana.
Abdomen elongate, not much narrowed at base :
Ovipositor long, reaching to base of abdomen :
Prothorax with lateral and posterior margins broadly yellow ; scutel¬ lum almost entirely yellow ; the 9 with apex of abdomen ferrugin¬ ous . Poeyi.
Prothorax with lateral and posterior margins narrowly yellow ; scutel¬ lum narrowly yellow at apex . afiiiiis.
Prothorax with lateral and posterior margins red; scutellum red at apex . floririana.
Prothorax with posterior margin only narrowly yellow ; scutellum narrowly yellow at apex :
Apex of abdomen broadly yellow ; posterior femora with a yellow stripe beneath . azteca.
Apex of abdomen and posterior femora entirely black . (lubiosa.
Ovipositor short, not reaching to base of second abdominal segment; pro¬ thorax with two yellow bands ; scutellum immaculate; abdomen with a silvery band at apex of second and third segments, .tolteca.
1. Lcucopsis bulbiventris, n. sp.
• % . — Black, densely puncturfid, more or less tinged with green and purple; head small, not wider than thorax, face purplish, clothed with short whitish pu¬ bescence; antennae - , the antennal grooves very deep and bright metallic
green; mandibles small, robust, reddish at base; prothorax with a narrow, in¬ terrupted, yellowish band near posterior margin; mesothorax more obviously green over tegulae, posterior margin narrowly yellow; scutellum broad, sub¬ quadrate, immaculate; postscutellum small, flat, transverse, rounded poste¬ riorly, smooth and shining; metathorax green, with a patch of dense silvery seri-
30
E. T. CRESSON.
ceous pubescence on each side behind each posterior wing ; tegulse piceous ; wings yellowish, dusky on costal margin, especially beyond stigma; legs short, tips of anterior femora within, their tibise within and their tarsi pale yellowish ;
intermediate legs - ; upper edge of the posterior coxae, a spot benealh at
tip, a spot on trochanters beneath, upper edge of their femora, a line beneath before the teeth, dilated basally, a stripe on their tibiae behind, not reaching the base, and their tarsi, pale yellow ; femora small, ovate, polished within, teeth numerous and minute except the basal one which is largest; abdomen as long as head aud thorax, clavate, being slender at base and much swollen at apex, incisures of segments indistinct ; first segment narrow, slightly dilated and con¬ vex at base and somewhat contracted before apex ; second segment narrowed at base, the apex of the third (?) margined with silvery sericeous pubescence; fourth (?) segment with dense silvery sericeous pile, converging towards the disk : apical segment very small. Length .47 inch.
Iiab. — Mexico. One specimen collected by Prof. F. Sumichrast. The shape of the abdomen recalls that of some species of the Dipterous genus Conops, although rather more strongly clavate.
2. Leucospis apicalis, n. sp.
9 . — Dull black, tinged with brownish, densely punctured, face with short silvery pubescence, clypeus, mandibles and scape beneath pale ferruginous; prothorax at sides and posterior margin more or less brown ferruginous, a trans¬ verse raised, sometimes pale line before posterior margin ; scutellum brownish posteriorly: metathorax with pale golden pubescence; tegulae dull fulvous; wings blackish, apical third hyaline ; legs more or less tinged with brown, pos¬ terior femora immaculate, with about nine short, robust, obtuse teeth ; abdomen elongate, slightly compressed at tip, subsericeous, immaculate, more or less tinged with brownish, especially at apex, densely punctured, shining later¬ ally; ovipositor reaching to tip of scutellum. Length .40 inch.
Hob. — Mexico. Prof. Sumichrast. Two specimens. Easily re¬ cognized by the immaculate dull black body and the blackish wings tipped with hyaline.
3. Leucospi^ mexicana.
Leucospis mexicana, Walk. Jour. Ent. i, p. 20, 9 •
Hab. — Mexico. Prof. Sumichrast. Three 9 > one $ > specimens. The thorax and apex of abdomen of 9 is strongly metallic green, clothed with short pale sericeous pile ; face pale ferruginous, with a silvery pubescence, as well as posterior orbits ; a band of pale silvery green pubescence behind scutellum ; bast of abdomen with a smooth polished excavation ; posterior coxae smooth and polished on the outer flat surface; their f'omora with six to eight small teeth beside the large obtuse basal tooth. The % seems to accord tolerably well with Westwood’s description and figure of Atetalfopsis cayennensis (Germar Zeits. Ent. i, p. 264, pi. 4, fig. 4). The face is pale reddish as in 9 , with a cupreous reflection, while the body is more
AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.
31
brilliantly green, especially the abdomen, the apex of which is gold¬ en green and somewhat depressed, the very large second segment has a fine, central longitudinal carina on its entire length ; the legs are tinged with brown, the posterior femora margin above and beneath from and including the large tooth, to the base, with yellow as in the $ , their tibiae are reddish at tips, with a yellow line behind reaching to basal third ; the antennal grooves are deep and bright cupreous. Length of 9 , .30 — .45; of £ , .35 inch.
4. I.riicospis Sumichrsislii. n. sp.
J.— Short, broad, densely punctured, black, more or less tinged with metal¬ lic green; face and posterior orbits with a fine silvery pile ; occiput flat, trans¬ versely striated, bright green, bounded above by a sharp carina ; antenna* black, scape above and base of flagellum beneath ferruginous, scape yellowish beneath; prothorax broad, dull black; scutellurn broad, with a smooth shining spot on apical middle; metathorax above pale ferruginous, clothed with a dense silvery-white pubescence; tegulae pieeous; wings hyaline, the costa, narrowly beyond stigma, continued more broadly on upper half of apical mar¬ gin, fuscous; four anterior tibiae tinged with ferruginous within, tips of posterior coxae above, and narrow upper and lower margin of their large femora, not quite reaching apex beneath, pale yellowish, the band beneath from large tooth to base rather broad, the small teeth about eight in number; posterior tibiae reddish behind ; abdomen with first segment narrower than the second, nearly quadrate, smooth, polished and deeply excavated at base, apex thickly punc¬ tured ; base of second segment contracted, this segment finely and densely punctured, the apex broadly margined with a dense bright golden pubescence; apical segment, except at base, clothed with a dense bright golden pubescence and when viewed laterally is interrupted on each side of middle by a longitu¬ dinal greenish stripe; ovipositor short, porrect, not exceeding in height that of the second segment, although the groove extends nearly to the base of the seg¬ ment. Length .32 inch.
Hab. — Mexico. Prof. Sumichrast. One specimen. A short robust form, easily distinguished by the abdomen being ornamented with bright golden at apex.
5. Leucospis texana, n. sp.
£ . — Black, opaque, with a rather dense pale sericeous pubescence and large dense punctures ; two obscure reddish spots on middle of face; mandibles and palpi rufo-piceous ; antennae reddish, black at tips, scape yellow ; two spots be¬ hind antennae, posterior margin of prothorax, line over tegulae, posterior mar¬ gin of scutellurn, small spot beneath wings and an oblique line on each extreme side of metathorax, also yellow; sides of prothorax and tegulae pale ferruginous; wings fuliginous; legs ferruginous, anterior coxae, a stripe on each side of their femora, base of intermediate femora, and posterior coxae above and at base be¬ neath, black; four anterior knees and tibiae in front yellowish ; posterior fe¬ mora very large, almost circular, a large blackish stain on inner side and a large black spot on outer side, broadly margined above with yellow, and a yel¬ low spot beneath near base, armed beneath with three very large, long, distant
32
E. T. CRESSON.
rather sharp, black teeth and near apex a smaller blunt one, beyond which are two or three minute serratures not distinctly defined ; posterior tibiae yellow posteriorly; abdomen short, subglobose, narrowed at base, extreme base smooth and rufo-piceous ; a narrow band near base, two broader approximate bands, sometimes confluent, near apex, and a lunate spot at apex surmounting an ob¬ long smooth depressed space, yellow. Length .30 inch.
Hob. — Texas. (Belfrage.) Two specimens. This has a remarka¬ bly short, robust form, different from that of any of the other species, and approaching more nearly to that of Sumichrastii, although quite different. The very large, almost circular, posterior femora, with only four distinct teeth, three of which are long, slender and acute, readily distinguish it from any other North American species.
6. Leucospis Poeyi.
Leucospis Poeyi, Guer. Icon. Reg. Anim. iii, p. 414. LaSagra, Hist. Cuba, pi. 18, fig. 4.
Bab. — Cuba. (Poey.) Two $ $ specimens. Readily distinguished from all the other N. A. species by the broad, heavy yellow markings. The form of both sexes is similar to that of ajfinis, to which it is allied also in ornamentation, although much slighter in the latter species. The prothorax is broadly margined, laterally and posteriorly, with yel¬ low, leaving anteriorly a large semi-circular black mark, bicolored — reddish and black — in 2 ; the scutellum is yellow except narrow basal margin ; the metathorax, a large mark on posterior margin of pleura and also a line over tegulae, are also yellow; tegulae fulvous; wings yellow, tipped with dusky ; legs yellow, with ferruginous coxae tipped beneath with yellow ; posterior femora fuscous, reddish above and rather broadly yellow at base and apex ; abdomen ferruginous at apex, with a yellow streak on each side of ovipositor, a broad yellow band at apex of first segment and another on the third, the second with a small lateral spot; ovipositor attaining nearly to base of scutellum. The % has only a spot on each side of metathorax instead of a band ; base of coxae black ; abdomen with three broad, continuous yellow bands. Length £ 2 , -40 inch. Parasitic upon Megachile Poeyi , Guer.
7. Leucospis aflinis.
Leucospis affinis, Say, Long’s Second Exped.ii, p.327, % 2,(1824 ).—fraterna Say, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist, i, p. 269, ^ 2 ,(1836).= subnotata, West w. Ent. Mag. ii, p. 215. (1835) ; Germ. Zeits. Ent. ii, p. 250, % , (1839).= basalis, Klug. MSS. Westw. Germ. Zeits. Ent. ii, p. 264. % 2,(1839 ).— canadensis, Walk. Jour. Ent. i, p. 17, %, (1860).
Hab. — Canada to Texas. Fifty £ 2 specimens examined. This common species varies greatly in size (.2o — .45 inch) and somewhat in markings. The vertex is more or less tinged with green or purple,
AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.
33
sometimes obsoletely so ; the prothorax has tihe lateral and posterior margins generally entirely yellow, sometimes the latter are indistinctly so, while the anterior medial spot, which is generally distinct and trans¬ verse, is sometimes reduced to a dot or entirely wanting ; the yellow lateral margin of metathorax, the yellow band on apex of scutellum and the yellow stripe beneath posterior wing, are distinct in all the speci¬ mens before me, while the two yellow dots on disk of the mesothorax are generally wanting ; the posterior coxae varies from almost entirely black to entirely ferruginous, and their femora have the basal and apical spots sometimes much enlarged, while their teeth vary in num¬ ber and size ; the abdominal markings vary but little, the lateral spot on second segment of 9 is sometimes wanting and the two stripes on apex is sometimes much reduced ; while in the % the apical spot is sometimes wanting; the ovipositor of 9 also varies slightly in length.
Yar. (lori liana. — % 9- — This has all the markings bright fiery ferruginous or reddish-yellow instead of yellowish-white ; apical half of flagellum black, with the terminal joint dull ferruginous ; the head is without any metallic lus¬ tre; the thoracic markings are all well-defined except the two discal marks on mesothorax, which are subobsolete ; the wings are dark fuscous along costa; posterior coxae almost entirely ferruginous, and their femora broadly reddish- yellow at tips, or reddish with a discal fuscous spot, the teeth numerous and minute, except the basal one, their tibiae orange-yellow; first segment of abdo¬ men ferruginous, with a narrow reddish-yellow band before apex, apical mar¬ gin black ; second segment immaculate ; the subapical band on third segment rather narrow and regular, the two stripes on apical segment abbreviated, some¬ times obsolete; the ovipositor attains the base of the abdomen. Length .45 in.
Hab. — Florida. Two 9 , two % specimens.
8. Leucospis azteca, n. sp.
9 . — Black, densely punctured, clothed with a short whitish sericeous pile ; face' tinged with green and purple, vertex strongly so; extreme tips of antennse fulvous, scape yellow ; a narrow band near posterior margin of prothorax, nar¬ row lateral margin of mesothorax, a broader band on apex of scutellum, some¬ times a narrow line on postscutellum, apical margin of metathorax, generally interrupted, and a narrow oblique line on the flanks, all yellow ; tegulse brown or pale piceous ; wings more or less dusky, darker along costa and at apex; legs black, sericeous, posterior coxae, their femora within and all the tibiae within, more or less tinged with ferruginous ; posterior femora with a yellow stripe on their basal half beneath, not quite reaching the base, the teeth mi¬ nute, except the basal one which is broad and blunt, their tibiae with a yellow stripe behind ; abdomen sericeous, first segment with a rather broad apical yel¬ low band, the third segment with a narrow subapical yellow band behind which is a sublunate yellow mark enclosing a smooth shallow brownish fovea, some¬ times interrupted by it, apex with a broad yellow stripe, broader beneath and divided by the ovipositor, which attains the apex of scutellum. Length .32 — .40 inch.
TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. IV.
(5)
FEBRUARY, 1872.
34
E. T. CRESSON.
Hah. — Mexico. Prof\ Sumichrast. Three specimens. Easily re¬ cognized by the apex of abdomen being broadly yellow.
Ficucospis rtnbiosa, n. sp.
9 . — Differs from azteca only as follows : — Smaller ; posterior fe¬ mora entirely black ; abdomen with a narrow yellow band at apex of first segment and another at apex of third segment ; apical segment entirely black, sericeous; wings fuliginous, paler on posterior half. Length .28 inch.
Hah. — Mexico. Prof. Sumichrast. One specimen. May prove to be only a variety of ozteca.
10. Leucospis tolteca. n. sp.
9 .—Black, densely punctured ; head tinged with dark green, clothed with a silvery sericeous pubescence ; mandibles tinged with rufous ; antennae black, reddish at base of flagellum beneath, scape yellowish-white beneath ; two nar¬ row bands on prothorax, the anterior one more or less interrupted and abbre¬ viated, (sometimes the posterior one is obsolete), the lateral margin of meso- thorax and a broad band on posterior margin, before seutellum, yellow ; scutel- lum immaculate, slightly tinged with green ; metathorax pale ferruginous, densely clothed with silvery pubescence; tegulse brown; wings pale fuscous, with a central longitudinal, hyaline streak; legs black, sericeous, coxse more or less tinged with brown ; a short stripe on anterior femora at tips above, their tibiae in front, extreme tips of intermediate femora and base of their tibiae, small spot at tip of posterior coxse, a broad stripe on their femora above, not reaching base, and another beneath from large topth to base, and their tibiae, all yellow; tarsi pale fulvous ; femoral teeth minute; abdomen short, robust, slightly contracted at apex of first segment, densely and finely punctured, clothed with a very short silvery sericeous pile ; first segment shining, green above, with a deep piceous excavation at base, and before the apex a smooth polished piceous band ; second and third segments each with a broad apical band of sericeous pubescence, changing from silvery to pale golden-green when viewed in certain lights; ovipositor short, porrect, not reaching to base of third segment, although the groove extends quite to base of second segment. Length .25 inch.
£ . — Differs only in the shape, color and sculpture of the abdomen, which is clavate, more strongly tinged with green, the second segment being much con¬ tracted at base ; first segment less shining, more deeply and coarsely punc¬ tured, with no piceous band near apex, apex of abdomen clothed with a golden green pubescence, and the terminal segment very small. Length .25 inch.
Hah. — Mexico. Prof. Sumichrast. Four 9 5 one $ specimens. This is our smallest species, resembling Sumichrastii more than any of its congeners ; the form is, however, not so robust and the 9 abdomen uot abruptly narrowed at base of second segment ; the yellow markings of thorax and the silvery bands of abdomen will easily distinguish this from Sumichrastii.
AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.
35
The following species have not been identified : —
L.eu<*ospis Shuckariili. Westw. Ent. Mag. ii, p. 214; Germ. Ent. Zeits. i, 241.—“ %■ — Black; head with two rounded spots between eyes; base of mandi¬ bles reddish ; antennae black, scape fulvous, extreme apex of flagellum reddish ; collar with two yellow band ; disc of mesothorax with two small oblong spots and a subcuneiform lateral stripe, yellow; scutellum with a broad lunate yellow- band; epimera of metathorax entirely yellow; abdomen with a broad band on first segment, a narrow one on second, and a rather narrow one on third, yel¬ low, all interrupted medially and abbreviated laterally; apex with two lunate yellow spots; ovipositor attaining to the middle of first abdominal segment; anterior and intermediate coxae black, posterior pair black, yellow at apex ; four anterior legs yellowish-fulvous, base of femora obscure ; posterior femora pice- ous-black within, apex fulvous, externally yellow, with a large, rounded, infer¬ ior black spot and armed beneath with six teeth ; posterior tibiae and tarsi ful¬ vous, with an internal black line ; wings fuscous. Length 5| lines.”
Hab. — North America.
Ijeucospis Klngii, Westw. Germ. Zeits. Ent. i, p. 249; pi. 3, fig. 1.— . — Opaque black; scape beneath ferruginous; narrow posterior margin of pro¬ thorax, lateral margin of mesothorax and a lunate band on apex of scutellum, yellow; basal half of abdomen black, apex yellow; first segment with posterior margin narrowly and indistinctly yellow, and second segment with black band on apical margin; legs fusco-piceous, apex of four anterior femora yellow; pos¬ terior femora externally fuscous, inferior margin narrowly yellow, internally fulvous, armed beneath with seven black teeth ; wings pale yellowish. Length 4£ lines.”
Hab. — Mexico.
Leucospis integra, Hald. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. ii,p. 53. — “ %. — Black, covered with pale yellowish pile; antennse yellowish beneath; thorax scabrous, with a spot of yellow pile posteriorly ; tegulse yellow ; wings translucent; legs yellow, except basal half of first and second pairs of femora, posterior femora black, tipped with yellow. Length 5 mill.”
Hab. — Not given; probably Pennsylvania. This is possibly nothing but Chalets ovata , Say.
Genus SJIIC RA, Spinola.
Body entirely black, immaculate ;
Face entirely black :
Petiole as long as remainder of abdomen and nearly as long as posterior coxae; posterior femora black or brown, generally yellowish at
base; antennse long . 1. microgastcr.
Petiole shorter than remainder of abdomen and about two-thirds the length of posterior coxae ; posterior femora entirely black ; the antennse shorter . . 2. canadeusis.
Face with a large angular white mark . 3. albiirous.
Body black, immaculate; abdomen more or less red :
Posterior femora reddish-yellow above, base and spot beneath near apex pale yellow . . . . . 4. flebilis.
36 E. T. CRESSON.
Posterior femora obscure reddish, varied with blackish, inner side mostly reddish . 5- rufofemorata.
Body black, more or less marked with white or yellowish :
Markings of thorax very small and indistinct; the posterior femora with a single pale dot on upper outer middle ; the abdomen entirely black . . . 6. delumbis.
Markings of thorax small, but distinct:
Posterior femora with irregular whitish markings at apex, varied with pale brown :
Abdomen black, with two or four white spots at base . 7. torvina.
Abdomen black, with numerous lateral white spots . 8. flavopicta.
Abdomen reddish at base and sides, with numerous pale spots..9. (lelira.
Posterior femora with a broad, irregular, whitish band on the apical half; the abdomen reddish at base and sides, with six white spots . 10. memlica.
Posterior femora with a broad basal margin and dot at apex above, pale yel¬ low ; prothorax and scutellum each with two small yellowish spots ; abdomen black . 11. subobsoleta.
Posterior femora with a short yellowish stripe above near apex and a dot beneath; abdomen mostly yellow, petiole black . 12. Toluca.
Posterior femora margined above and at base beneath with yellowish, and armed beneath with only six teeth ; apical half of the abdomen yellowish . 13. mexieana.
Posterior femora pale fulvo-ferruginous, with three yellow spots at apex;
abdomen pale sanguineous, with four pale yellowish spots at base . . 14. sanguineiventris.
Markings of thorax large, white, yellow or reddish :
Posterior femora black, margined above and at base beneath with whitish, also a white spot beneath near apex :
Scutellum black, with two large ovate white spots ; posterior tibise with a small pale spot on outer side near base . 15. bioculata.
Scutellum yellow, except extreme base and apex ; posterior tibise with a broad yellow annulus... . 16. lecta.
Posterior femora black, with basal margin beneath, a large spot at apex above, and a small spot near apex beneath, white ; the posterior coxae above and most of abdomen red; the scutellum mostly white . 19. lauta.
Posterior femora yellow, with a large, median black spot, generally con¬ fluent with a spot at apex; the scutellum almost entirely yel¬ low; the abdomen fulvous, with a yellow subinterrupted me¬ dian band . . 17. ambigua.
Posterior femora yellow, with a large irregular black mark near middle and a small black spot on extreme tip; scutellum with two large yellow spots; abdomen black, with a median yellow band... 18. arcana.
Posterior femora yellow, irregularly black at base and along inferior edge ;
the scutellum with a large, longitudinally ovate, black, central spot . 20. Nortonii.
Posterior femora yellow, with a slender, subfusiform, oblique, black stripe near apex; scutellum with a large, median, cuneiform, black spot; abdomen banded with yellow . . 21. coxalis.
AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.
37
Posterior femora yellow, with a large central black spot, confluent with lower edge which is narrowly black to apex; scutellum with a cen¬ tral black stripe or basal spot :
Lower edge armed with six mostly large irregular teeth ; protuberance beneath posterior wing black and yellow . 22. bracata.
Lower edge armed with twelve mostly small irregular teeth ; protuber¬ ance beneath posterior wing entirely yellow . Var. (‘orequalis.
Markings of body and legs bright deep orange-yellow ; posterior femora with a small black spot beneath near base; scutellum divided centrally by a black stripe . . . 23. encausta.
Body ferruginous :
Petiole of abdomen short :
Abdomen ferruginous, immaculate ; head, metathorax, posterior coxse, tibiae and petiole of abdomen black . ....24. barbara.
Abdomen piceous-black, with two white spots ; petiole pale yellowish ; pos¬ terior coxae ferruginous, with a large black spot.,25. scutellaris.
Petiole of abdomen very long and slender :
Scutellum ferruginous, with a central black stripe, the lateral margin whitish . . . . . 26. dcbilis.
Scutellum yellowish-ferruginous, with a large dorsal black
mark . . . 27. petiolata.
Body coccineous or scarlet :
Petiole of abdomen short :
Posterior femora with about five short distant teeth; four anterior legs red . . . . . . . . . . 28. Lanieri.
Posterior femora with numerous minute teeth ; the four anterior legs black . . 29. coccinea.
Petiole of abdomen very long and slender; wings fuliginous, apical third sub- hvaline; posterior femora immaculate, with numerous minute teeth . 30. coccinata.
Body fiery yellowish-red or orange :
Wino-s dusky hyaline, darker towards base, the cubitus with a dark spot;
scutellum with a black dot at tip; posterior coxae with a black spot . . . . . 31. flammcola.
Wings uniformly fusco-hvaline; scutellum immaculate; posterior coxse with a broad exterior black stripe . . 32. intermedia.
Wings clear hyaline; scutellum and metathorax with a central black stripe;
posterior coxse with a black spot . 33. ignea.
Body lemon-yellow or luteous :
Petiole of abdomen nearly as long as posterior coxse and slender; most of head, mesothorax, scutellum, wings except apex, and abdomen ex¬ cept base, black . . 34. miranda.
Petiole of abdomen short, not more than half the length of posterior coxae:
Posterior femora with four teeth : •
Luteous; mesothorax reddish-brown, with two central luteous stripes; scutellum with a large triangular reddish-brown spot: posterior coxse except base more or less sanguineous . 35. Eubulc.
Lemon-yellow; disk of mesothorax black, immaculate; the flagellum black . 36. dorsata.
38
F,. T. CRESSON.
Lemon-yellow ; disk of mesothorax black, with three or four quad¬ rate yellow spots; flagellum fulvous . . 37. ptilelira.
Lemon-yellow; mesothorax with three black stripes; flagellum ferrugin¬ ous . 38. exornafa.
Posterior femora with six teeth ; body luteous ; three marks on mesotho¬ rax, large spot on scutellum, and breast, black..39. compactilis.
Posterior femora with numerous small teeth :
Wings blackish, with hyaline tips ; body lemon-yellow ; mesothorax line- ate with black; posterior coxse with broad black stripe above, their femora with two black spots . 40. montlezunia.
Wings hyaline or subhyaline :
Posterior coxse yellow, bilineate with black :
Luteous ; posterior femora with two brown or black stripes on outer side, the lower one near base oblique ; base of metathorax with two black spots . . . 41. azteca.
Lemon-yellow; posterior femora with a single, short, slender, ob¬ lique, black stripe on outer side near lower edge; base of meta¬ thorax black, a central apical black spot . 42. conjimgens.
Posterior coxse black within and a slender black stripe at base on outer side; mesothorax brown, with four yellow stripes; posterior fe¬ mora yellow, with a broad central fulvous stain and a black apical spot . 43. leata.
Posterior coxse lemon-yellow, with broad stripe above ; petiole of abdo¬ men very short ; abdomen long, subfusiform, narrowly banded with black . . . . . 44. maria*.
Posterior coxse luteous, with a dusky stripe on inner side; scutellum with a transverse black mark near tip; pleura with a broad ob¬ lique black stripe . 45. tolteca.
Posterior coxse lemon-yellow, with a rounded black spot on outer side :
Metathorax with a transverse black spot at base. ..46. nigropicta.
Metathorax with a central elongate black spot . 47. inirabilis.
Posterior coxse luteous, with apical half black; scutellum immaculate; posterior femora luteous, immaculate . 48. Gtimllarliii.
Posterior coxse lemon-yellow, black at extreme tips, femora with two black spots on outer side, confluent on lower edge . 49. juxta.
Posterior coxse yellowish, immaculate :
Pale luteous; thorax with small blackish markings... 50. pallens.
Pale lemon-vello.w, immaculate ; abdomen cocciueous on apical half . 51. delicata.
Pale lemon-vellow, immaculate; abdomen tinged with rufo-testa- ceous . 52. iminaculata.
1. Smivra microgaster.
Chalcis viicrogaster, Say, Long’s Second Expedition, ii, p. 326.
Bab. — New York, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, The antennae are long, robust, the scape more or less compressed at tip beneath ; the four anterior legs more or less dull yellowish, the posterior femora not so much swollen as usual, sometimes brown and generally more or less tinged with reddish-yellow at base, the teeth are numerous and minute ;
AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.
39
posterior tarsi pale ; petiole slender, cylindrical, nearly as long as pos¬ terior coxae and as long as the remainder of abdomen, which is small and subglobose, polished and black. Length .15 inch.
2. Hiuicra canadensis, n. sp.
£ . — Entirely black; face transversely rugose ; clypeus smooth and polished, piceous ; antennae subrobust, scape cylindrical, not compressed beneath at tip; thorax densely and coarsely sculptured ; apex of scutellum rounded ; meta¬ thorax coarsely reticulated, with a central ridge furcate before apex ; tegulae piceous; wings hyaline, faintly dusky at tips ; four anterior legs more or less varied with yellowish-brown ; posterior femora entirely blaek, rather larger than in preceding species, the teeth numerous and minute; tarsi pale; abdo¬ men entirely black, smooth and shining; petiole stout, shorter than remainder of abdomen and about two-thirds the length of posterior coxae. Length .16 inch.
Hub. — Canada. Two specimens. Stouter than microy aster, with shorter antennae, larger posterior femora and shorter, stouter petiole.
3. §micra albifrons.
Chalcis albifrons, Walsh, Ins. Inj. Veg. Ill. p. 37, fig. 8.
Hub. — Illinois. This is the smallest species known to me, being only .08 inch long. It is easily distinguished by the large angular white mark on the face. The posterior femora have a whitish streak on the upper basal half of outer side.
4. Smicra flebilis, n. sp.
. — Black, clothed with pale pubescence ; clypeus and mandibles reddish; antennae long, black, scape piceous, compressed and carinate beneath at apex ; thorax densely and confluently punctured, immaculate; scutellurn subconvex, rounded and margined at apex; metathorax coarsely reticulated; tegulae pale brown; wings slightly dusky, subiridescent ; legs yellowish-ferruginous, coxae, troehanters and base of four anterior femora black; posterior femora brown - black, orange-yellow at base, shading into pale yellow beneath, a pale yellow spot near tip and asmaller one above it, inner side pale orange-yellow with a brown mark on middle curving to apex above, teeth numerous and minute; posterior tibiae black with apale yellowish spot near base ; abdomen subglobose, smooth and polished, piceous, reddish at base and sides, pubescent at apex, pe¬ tiole black, stout, cylindrical, nearly as long as remainder of abdomen. Length .20 inch.
Hob. — Massachusetts. Two specimens. Resembles mlcroyaster in form, but is larger, with posterior femora maculate with yellowish, and the abdomen mostly red.
5. Kmirra rufofemorata, n. sp.
Dull blaek, head rugose, mandibles tinged with reddish; antennae as long as head and thorax, scape compressed beneath ; thorax immaculate, with dense coarse punctures; metathorax coarsely reticulated, pubescent; tegulae piceous; wings fusco-hyaline ; legs ferruginous, coxae, trochanters, four anter¬ ior femora at base and beneath, and the four posterior tibiae, black; posterior
40
E. T. CRESSON.
femora not as large as usual, more or less stained with fuscous, the teeth very minute; posterior tarsi yellowish; abdomen small, subglobose, smooth and polished, ferruginous, dusky at apex, petiole stout, cylindrical, black, about two-thirds as long as posterior coxte. Length .20 inch.
Hab. — Texas. (Belfrage.) Two specimens. Same form as flelilis, to which it is very closely allied, and may prove to be only a variety of it.
6. Sinicra ileluinfois, n. sp.
% 9 .—Black ; spot between antennse, short line on anterior orbits, inter¬ rupted line behind eyes, and mandibles except tips yellowish-white; antennas black, flagellum sericeous, apex sometimes pale ; two whitish, approximate dots on lateral anterior margin of prothorax ; two small distant spots on disk of me- sothorax, wanting in 9 , and a dot on each side of scutellum, pale ferruginous ; apex of scutellum rounded, margined, unarmed ; tegulas pale piceous ; wings tinged with dusky, subiridescent ; extreme base and apex of four anterior fe¬ mora, base and apex of their tibiae and within and their tarsi pale yellow ; pos¬ terior trochanters luteous in % , their femora ovate, with a yellow dot on upper outer middle and a spot at tip above in 9 , teeth numerous and minute, their tibiae with a pale yellowish spot near base and at apex, their tarsi white; abdo¬ men small, about as large as posterior femora, subglobose, smooth and polished, black, immaculate, petiole stout, rather more than half the length of posterior coxae. Length .15 inch.
Hab. — Massachusetts, Delaware. Two($ 9) specimens. Much like canadensis.
7. Smicra torvina, n. sp.
9, — Black, opaque; spot between antennae, transverse spot beneath each posterior ocellus, spot on anterior orbits, narrow posterior orbits, and the large mandibles except tips, pale yellow ; thorax densely rugulose ; prothorax with four whitish dots on anterior margin — two on each side and two, approximate, above — and a reddish spot near each posterior angle ; mesothorax with a short line on each side of middle lobe and two spots on posterior part of each lateral lobe, pale orange-yellow; scutellum with a rounded pale yellowish spot on each side, tegulse pale yellow, fuscous posteriorly; wings hyaline; legs black, sericeous, tips of four anterior femora, their tibiae at tips and within and all the tarsi except tips, yellowish- white; posterior coxae entirely black; their femora black, inner side with a yellowish apical spot, outer side with a spot at base be¬ neath, a spot at tip above and a transverse tortuous band near apex, pale yellow¬ ish, sometimes irregularly margined with brown, and interrupted into spots, fe¬ moral teeth minute; posterior tibiae black, with a yellowish annulus at tip and another near base; abdomen subfusiform, smooth and polished, first segment with a whitish spot on each side between middle and apex, sometimes wanting and the second segment with a larger spot of same color on each side at base, sometimes the fifth segment has lateral pale spot; petiole robust, scarcely half the length of posterior coxae. Length .15— .20 inch.
llab — Massachusetts, Connecticut, Illinois, Texas. Ten specimens. The markings on posterior femora vary considerably.
AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.
41
8. Sniicra flavopicta.
Stniera flavopicta, Cress. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. iv. p. 99.
Hub. — Cuba. Very closely allied to torvina ; the third, fourth and fifth abdominal segments have two yellow spots on each side, and the posterior femora are rather differently ornamented.
9. Sniicra delira. n. sp,
% . — Black ; face prolonged beneath eyes ; a large subrhomboidal spot be¬ tween and beneath base of antennse, a large spot beneath eyes, and mandibles except tips white; narrow posterior orbits continued upward over the summit of the eye and then transversely to lower ocellus, a dot behind each upper ocel¬ lus and a dot on anterior orbits, ferruginous ; first joint of antennse long, very robust, fulvous, with a black stripe at tip within; second joint elongate, about one-fourth the length of the first, fuscous ; flagellum ferruginous, fuscous above, the joints very short and compact; thorax finely punctured ; prothorax varied with ferruginous markings, the anterior margin with six yellowish spots; me- sothorax with four yellowish spots on each side of disk; scutellum with a later¬ al yellowish stripe; tegulse pale yellow, a ferruginous dot beneath ; wings hy¬ aline; legs honey-yellow, varied with pale yellow, coxse and base of femora black; posterior femora marbled on apical half with ferruginous and yellow¬ ish-white, teeth very minute; posterior tibise pale yellowish at and base apex, dusky medially; tarsi pale; abdomen ovate, smooth and shining, ferruginous at base and apex, black on disk above, with a more or less distinct whitish spot on each side of the segments, large on second and on two or three apical segments; petiole short, black. Length .15 inch.
Hab. — Texas. (Belfrage.) In style of ornamentation this ap¬ proaches very nearly to torvina , which is, however, larger and differ¬ ently shaped, and the abdomen differently marked.
10. Smiera memlica, n. sp.
% . — Black, varied with ferruginous and whitish ; a white spot between base of antennse ; sides of face, orbits, confluent with a line that curves around the pbsterior ocelli and terminates on occiput, and mandibles except tips, yellowish ferruginous; scape black, ferruginous laterally, (flagellum broken off); pro¬ thorax ferruginous above, with four small yellowish spots on anterior margin; mesothorax sparsely and finely punctured, black, side pieces ferruginous, a spot on each side of anterior middle, and a spot in front of tegulse, whitish ; scutellum flat, sparsely punctured, shining, narrowly margined with pale fer¬ ruginous, with a white transverse mesial band interrupted on the disk; narrow space immediately beneath wings pale ferruginous ; tegulse pale piceous ; wings hyaline, iridescent; four anterior legs honey-yellow, tarsi pale, coxse and base of femora blackish ; posterior coxse black, their extreme tips and trochanters honey-yellow ; posterior femora much swollen, ovate, outer side with basal half black, tinged beneath with brown, and with a white spot over basal tooth, apical half irregularly white, interrupted beneath and at tip with brown and by a double black spot on upper margin near apex, on inner side black, mar¬ gined above with ferruginous and with a whitish spot at tip, the teeth numer¬ ous and minute; posterior tibise brownish behind, with a whitish spot near base and another near apex ; tarsi pale yellowish ; abdomen rather larger than pos-
(6)
TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. IV.
FEBRUARY, 1872. ’
42
E. T. CRESSON.
terior femora, smooth and polished, short ovate, ferruginous, piceous above, two spots on middle of first segment, two on base of second segment and two on apex, white; petiole short, stout, black. Length .20 inch.
Uab. — Mexico. (Prof. Sumichrasfc.) One specimen. Larger than delira which it somewhat resembles, but may be readily distinguished by the posterior femora being broadly tipped with whitish.
11. Smicra subohsolcta, n. sp.
% . — Black, opaque; face, broad anterior orbits not reaching summit of eyes, narrow posterior orbits, clypeus, labrum, and mandibles except tips, lemon- yellow ; antennae black above, ferruginous at tips and beneath, scape yellow be¬ neath, flagellum short, thick, with transverse joints ; thorax with dense dilated punctures, a spot on each side of prothorax above, tegulse and a spot on each side of scutellum, pale yellow ; four anterior legs lemon-yellow, the coxae, a stripe on their femora behind, and a short slender stripe on their tibiae, black ; posterior legs black; their trochanters beneath, a spot at tip of their femora above, a large spot at base, extending on upper edge nearly half way to apex, and a dot on middle of inner side, lemon-yellow; their tibiae with a subobso- lete yellowish spot near base, their tarsi pale honey-yellow, terminal joint black ; femoral teeth minute ; abdomen small, not larger than posterior femora, subglo- bose, smooth and polished, piceous, immaculate, petiole stout, about half the length of posterior coxae. Length .20 inch.
Hab. — Texas. (Belfrage.) One specimen.
12. Smicra Toluca, n. sp.
9- — Black, clothed with pale pubescence; sides of face, extending broadly half-way up orbit of eye, and narrow posterior orbits, lemon-yellow ; antennae black, scape slender, brown, yellow beneath ; thorax broad, robust, with dense dilated punctures ; narrow posterior margin of prothorax, the short lateral carina on anterior margin, two oblique stripes on middle of mesothorax, con¬ verging behind, a transverse spot over tegulae, and two oblique spots on posterior margin of scutellum, confluent on the bilobate, acutely and rather broadly mar¬ gined apex, lemon-yellow; metathorax coarsely reticulated; tegulse brown, with a yellow central dot; wings hyaline, tinged with yellowish ; legs polished black, four anterior knees, stripe on their tibiae within and their tarsi more or less, yellowish ; posterior femora with a narrow interrupted stripe above and a small spot beneath towards tip on outer side and a stripe above and two spots beneath on inner side, yellowish, lower edge with eight or ten teeth, which are larger than usual ; abdomen ovate, smooth and shining, yellow, banded with reddish, on first segment with piceous which is broadly dilated beneath; peti¬ ole short, stout, black. Length .28 inch.
Hab. — Mexico. (Prof Sumichrast.) One specimen.
13. Smicra mexicana, n. sp.
9 . — Black, clothed with short pale yellowish pubescence, longer and whitish on metathorax; narrow, subinterrupted orbits, scape beneath, narrow posterior margin of prothorax, spot on each posterior angle of mesothorax, and two trans¬ verse spots on scutellum yellow; antennae black, scape slender, brown above; thorax broad, robust, densely punctured ; scutellum large, subconvex, apical marginal carina interrupted medially ; tegulse piceous; wings faintly yellowish, narrowly fuscous on costa; legs shining black; tips of four anterior femora within, anterior tibiae within, broad stripe on posterior coxae beneath, not
AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.
43
reaching base, a continuous stripe on their femora above, a short, broad stripe at base beneath, a small spot beneath near apex, transverse band on inner side near apex (which is ferruginous), and a short stripe on their tibiae on each side near apex, yellow; posterior femora with four large blunt teeth and two small ones, sometimes obsolete, towards base; abdomen shining, black, pointed at apex, a band on second, and the following segments more or less yellow ; petiole short, stout, black. Length .35 inch.
^ . — Face spotted with yellow ; posterior coxae with a short slender yellow stripe on each side near apex ; abdomen smaller, the band on the second and the following segments orange-yellow ; otherwise like 9- Length .30 inch.
Hab. — Mexico. (Prof. Sumichrast.) Five % $ specimens. An easily recognised species. Differs from Toluca by the yeliow margined posterior femora and the paucity of the teetlu
14. Smicra sanguiniventris, n. sp.
9 • — Black, head and thorax marked as in delira', antennae slender, blackish, fulvous beneath; tegulae whitish ; wings faintly dusky ; four anterior legs pale honey-yellow; posterior coxae black, ferruginous- at tips and beneath; their fe¬ mora fulvo-ferruginous, with several irregular yellowish marks at tip and a spot on basal tooth ; on inner side a short black line, the teeth numerous, min¬ ute and black; posterior tibiae fulvous, with apex and spot near base, yellow ; tarsi pale ; abdomen subfusiform, smooth and polished, pale coccineous, with four yellow spots near base ; petiole robust, about half the length of posterior coxae, dull ferruginous. Length .18 inch.
Hab. — Texas. (Belfrage.) One specimen. Readily distinguished from delira , which it resembles in the ornamentation of head and thorax, by the pale sanguineous abdomen and differently colored pos¬ terior femora.
15. Smicra bioculata. n. sp.
%. — Black, opaque; face, broad anterior orbits not reaching summit of eyes, narrow posterior orbits, two dots beneath lower ocellus, clypeus, labrum, and mandibles except tips, lemon-yellow ; antennse black above, ferruginous be¬ neath, scape with a pale stripe beneath ; thorax with dense dilated punctures ; a large spot on each side of prothorax above, two oblique dots on disk of meso- thorax, two large ovate spots on seutellum and the tegulae, lemon-yellow; wings hyaline; four anterior legs lemon-yellow, their coxae, trochanters and base of femora behind black, their femora honey-yellow in front; posterior legs black, upper edge of their femora, sometimes broadly interrupted about the middle, leaving only a spot at apex, and a stripe at base beneath, sometimes nearly contiguous with a spot near apex, lemon-yellow ; a yellow spot near base of tibiae, their tarsi honey-yellow ; femoral teeth minute; abdomen small, not larger than posterior femora, subglobose, smooth and polished, piceous, shading into ferruginous at base, petiole stout, about half the length of posterior coxae. Length .20^.23 inch.
Var. faceta, % . — Pale markings white; posterior femora broadly margined above at base and beneath nearly to apex ; abdomen entirely ferruginous. Length .18 inch.
Hab. — Texas. (Belfrage.) Three specimens.
44
E. T. CRESSON.
16. Sniicra lecta, n. sp.
% 9- — Black; face, mouth, broad anterior orbits not reaching summit of eyes, posterior orbits dilated beneath, and scape beneath, lemon-yellow; flag¬ ellum beneath and at tip fulvous ; thorax densely punctured, pubescent ; pro¬ thorax yellow above, interrupted medially and posteriorly by a black spot on each side, lateral anterior margin, also yellow ; mesothorax with two short, ob¬ lique, yellow lines ; scutellum large, prominent, convex, lemon-yellow, basal and apical margins narrowly black, sometimes a small black spot on basal middle; tegulse lemon-yellow; wings faintly dusky, iridescent; four anterior legs, including their coxae, lemon-yellow, anterior femora with a black spot at base behind ; posterior coxae with a broad yellow stripe beneath ; their iemora with upper edge, not reaching apex, and basal half beneath, broadly lemon-yel¬ low, also a small spot on lower edge between middle and apex, on inner side, the upper edge, the extreme base and a large subapical spot, also lemon-yellow, teeth numerous and minute ; posterior tibiae yellow, black at base and apex; tibiae yellow; abdomen small, smooth, shining, dark ferruginous, immaculate, piceous towards apex above ; petiole short, black. Length .20 — .23 inch.
Hab. — Mexico. (Prof. Sumichrast.) Two specimens.
17. Sniicra ambigua, n. sp.
. — Black, pubescent; head lemon-yellow, vertex and occiput black ; flagel¬ lum fulvous beneath and at tip, scape yellow beneath ; prothorax yellow with a large black spot in front; mesothorax with two broad oblique stripes on disk and lateral margins, yellow; scutellum large, prominent, convex, yellow; a small spot on basal middle and a short band on apical margin, black ; pleura with two spots beneath wings, that beneath tegulse small ; tegulse pale yellow ; wings tinged with dusky, pale at apex ; legs lemon-yellow ; posterior coxae black, yellow beneath, their femora on each side with a large irregular black spot on disk and another at apex, sometimes conflnent, the teeth numerous, minute and black; posterior tibiae broadly black at base and apex; abdomen small, sub-glo¬ bose, fulvo-ferruginous, sometimes darker on apical half, with a stain on each side of first segment and a band or two spots on base of second segment, pale yellow ; petiole short, not half the length of posterior coxae, black, more or less pale at base. Length .20 — .25 inch.
Hab. — Mexico. (Prof. Sumichrast.) Five specimens. Closely al¬ lied to lecta and may prove to be a variety of that species. This seems also to approach abdominalis , Walk., which however is said to have the petiole long and the abdomen piceous.
18. Smicra arcana, n. sp.
h . — Robust, black ; head yellow, large spot or vertex enclosing ocelli, occi¬ put, clypeus, dot beneath eyes and tips of mandibles black; antennae black, scape yellow beneath ; large mark on each side of prothorax, two oblique spots an middle of mesothorax, two large spots on scutellum, postscutellum and te- gulae, yellow; thorax densely and confluently punctured: wings hyaline; four anterior legs yellow, their coxae, trochanters and base of femora black : posterior coxae black with a pale yellow spot beneath ; their femora large, yel¬ low on outer side, with a large irregular, submedian black band not reaching upper edge but curving to base which it attains by a narrow line, apex with a black spot, inner side blackish, with upper margin and a broad band near apex,
AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.
45
yellow, teeth numerous and minute; posterior tibiae yellow, brownish near base; abdomen shining, piceous-black, with an abbreviated yellow band at base of second segment; petiole short, stout, black. Length .20 inch.
Hub — Delaware. One specimen.
19. Smicra lauta, n. sp.
9 • — Black ; head white, lower margin of face brownish ; a spot on middle of front, spot covering ocelli, confluent with occiput, and tips of mandibles black; antennae black, scape white beneath ; thorax with rather sparse, not deep, punc¬ tures, shining; posterior margin of prothorax dilated laterally, four longitudinal stripes on mesothorax, scutellum except base and apex, and the tegulse, white; seutellum large, rounded at tips, depressed centrally; wings tinged with dusky ; four anterior legs white ; posterior coxae black beneath, dark red above, their femora black, with a large irregular spot above at tip, a small rounded spot be¬ neath and an elongate spot at base beneath, white, inner side reddish with two whitish spots near tip which is black, teeth numerous and small ; posterior tibiae dull ferruginous, their tarsi whitish; abdomen smooth and polished, pointed at tip, rufo-pieeous ; petiole very short and stout, yellowish-ferrugi¬ nous. Length .25 inch.
Hob. — Mexico. (Prof. Sumichrast.) One specimen. A very
handsome and distinct species.
20. Nmicra Xortonii, n. sp.
% ■ — Head lemon-yellow, space behind antennae, vertex except a short line before each posterior ocellus, occiput, a small oblique spot beneath base of each • antenna, lower margin of cheeks narrowly and tips of mandibles, black ; scape black above, yellow beneath, (flagellum wanting) ; thorax broad, robust, with large, dense, coarse punctures; prothorax yellow; mesothorax black, with four narrow yellow stripes, the two central ones oblique, converging and abbre¬ viated behind, almost contiguous; scutellum yellow, with a large longitudi¬ nally ovate black discal spot; metathorax black with apex yellow; pleura black, a spot beneath wings and the large prominent convex swelling behind, yellow ; tegulse pale yellow, pupilled with brown; wings yellow-hyaline; legs lemon- yellow, posterior coxae with a broad black stripe above and beneath, not reach- apex ; their trochanters black; their femora large, oblong, irregularly black at base, .as well as the inferior margin which has about ten irregular teeth, on in¬ ner side the base is obliquely black and with a short oblique central band ab¬ breviated above ; their tibiae pale fuscous at the extreme base ; abdomen banded alternately with black and yellow, the first segment with two blackish spots at base; petiole short, reddish-brown, yellow above. Length .35 inch.
Hab. — District of Columbia. (Coll. Mr. E. Norton.) One speci¬ men. This fine species, which at first sight closely resembles the three following, may be distinguished at once by the yellow posterior femora being black only at base on outer side.
21. Sniicra coxalis, n. sp.
£ . — Black, profusely marked with lemon-yellow ; face transversely rugose, lemon-yellow, with two approximate blackish marks above clypeus; space be¬ hind antennae covering vertex and occiput black; scape lemon-yellow beneath ;
46
E. T. CRESSON.
prothorax lemon-yellow, a large transverse spot on anterior middle and a spot on each posterior corner, black ; mesothorax densely and coarsely punctured, black, with four yellow stripes, those on disk oblique, converging and abbre¬ viated behind ; scutellum yellow, with a large, broad cuneiform, discal black mark ; metathorax yellow, black on basal margin ; pleura black, with a slender yellow line on anterior margin, the prominent convex swelling beneath. poster¬ ior wings entirely yellow; tegulae pale luteous ; wings yellowish-hyaline; legs lemon-yellow; posterior coxae very long, attenuate at tips, black beneath, with two black stripes above, the outer one abbreviated at base; their femora with an oblique black stripe on each side near base, and the ^extreme tips black especially on inner side ; their tibiae dusky at base; abdomen subcom¬ pressed, smooth and shining, subpubescent, black, first segment except apical margin, and broad band at base of second and third segments, yellow; petiole short, black. Length .30 inch.
Hab. — Delaware. One specimen. Easily recognised by the con¬ spicuous oblique black stripe on posterior femora near base.
22. Smicra bracata.
Chalcis bracata, Sanborn, Rep. Sec. Mass. Bd. Agrie. Jan. 1863, p. 172, fig. 46.
Bab. — Conn., Penn., D. C. Three specimens. Closely allied to Nortonii, differing principally as follows: — Scutellum with a large, longitudinal ovate black spot ; metathorax black, except spines which are yellow; protuberance beneath posterior wings black and yellow; posterior coxae entirely black except a yellow spot at base of outer side; posterior femora with a large discal black spot on outer side and black on inner side with a yellow spot at base and another near apex ; lower edge with four large and two to four very small teeth ; posterior tibiae black at base. Length .28 — .85 inch.
Yar. coasqualis. — % . — Differs only by the femora having twelve mostly small irregular teeth, entirely different from those of bracata , and by the protuberance beneath posterior wing being entirely yellow. Length .23 — .28 inch.
Hab. — Massachusetts, Delaware. Two specimens.
This may be the nigricornis, of Fabr., or the maculata , of Fabr., al¬ though of the latter Walker ( Entomologist , p. 218,) says 11 scutellum apice bicornutum ; trochanteres flavi,” while in bracata the scutellum is broadly rounded at apex and unarmed, and the trochanters are black. In other respects there appears to be nothing to separate them.
23. Smicra encausta, n. sp.
'£>. — Robust, black; bead orange-yellow, middle of the front behind antennae confluent with a transverse mark on vertex enclosing ocelli, which is confluent with posterior margin of head, black; antennae short, robust, black, scape with a yellow stripe beneath ; thorax short, broad, with rather large dilated punc¬ tures; prothorax orange-yellow with a large black mark on anterior middle;
AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.
47
two oblique marks on disk of mesothorax, narrow lateral margin, and the scu- tellum except a slender dorsal depressed stripe, also orange-yellow; pleura entirely black; tegulee pale yellow, brown posteriorly; wings dusky, pale at apex ; legs orange-yellow, four anterior coxae, trochanters and extreme base of their femora, black; posterior coxae short, black, a large spot, furcate anterior¬ ly, beneath at tip and a smaller one near base within, yellow ; their trochanters black; their femora large, almost circular, with a small black spot on lower middle of outer side and another at extreme tip on both sides, teeth numerous, minute and black; their tibiae blackish, with a narrow orange-yellow band near base and apex; their tarsi yellowish; abdomen as large as posterior femora, compressed, shining, black, a spot on each side of first segment at base and a narrow band at base of second segment, orange-yellow ; petiole short, stout, black. Length .20 inch.
Hab. — Colorado. One specimen. This truly lovely species may be easily recognised by the beautiful bright orange markings in contrast with the deep black color of the body, and by the large nearly circular posterior femora being almost entirely orange-yellow.
24. Smiera bar bar a, n. sp.
£ . — Same form and sculpture as rufofemorata ; ferruginous; head fuscous, sides of face ferruginous; antennae slender, black, scape sometimes tinged with reddish; pleura, metathorax and tegulee more or less black; wings fusco-hya- line ; coxae, except sometimes posterior pair above, base of anterior femora, and four posterior tibiae, black; posterior femora almost sanguineous, immaculate, with minute black teeth ; posterior tarsi fulvous ; abdomen as in rufofemorata ; petiole shorter, fuscous. Length .20 — .25 inch.
Bab. — Texas. (Belfrage.) Three specimens.
25. Smirra scutellaris.
Smiera scutellaris, Cress. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 98. Jan. 1865.
Hab. — Cuba. (Coll. Dr. Gundlach.) One specimen. This is dull ferruginous, with antennae, most of pleura, large spot on posterior coxae, part of femora and tibiae and most of abdomen black; sides of face, whole of scutellum, tips of posterior coxae, spots on their femora and tibiae and a spot on each side of abdomen above, pale yellowish. Length .23 inch.
26. Smiera debilis.
Chalcis debilis, Say, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist, i, p. 271.
Hab. — Delaware, “Indiana,” Illinois. This is a small slender spe¬ cies, of a ferruginous color, varied with pale and black markings; the petiole of abdomen is very long and slender. Length .15 inch.
27. Smiera petiolata.
Smiera petiolata, Cress. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 97.
Hab. — Cuba. (Coll. Dr. Gundlach.) One specimen. Closely al¬ lied to debilis , Say. The petiole is twice the length of the remainder of abdomen, and very slender. Length .15 inch.
48
E. T. CRESSON.
28. Sniiora Lranieri.
Chalcis Lanieri, Guer. Icon. Reg. Anim. iii, p. 412, pi. 67, fig. 4.
Hab. _ Cuba. Two % $ specimens. A large bright scarlet or coc*-
cineous species, with head above and behind, antennae, most of meso- thorax, a broad stripe on posterior coxae above, a single spot or streak near base of their tibiae, black; wings uniformity dark fuscous; the femoral teeth five in number, distant and irregular; metathoracie spines prominent; abdomen immaculate, petiole short and stout. Length .35 inch.
29. Smicra cocoinea.
Smiera coccinea, Cress. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 91.
Hab. — Cuba. (Coll. Dr. Gundlach.) One specimen. This is al¬ lied to Lanieri , but is at once distinguished by the thorax, posterior coxae, femora and tibiae being entirely coccineous, and the four anterior legs black. Length .25 inch.
30 Smicra coccinata, n. sp.
£ . — Coccineous ; head yellowish, vertex, occiput and two spots on face, black : antennae black, scape compressed, with a yellowish carina beneath near apex : thorax coarsely transversely wrinkled, a spot on each side of prothorax above, two short broad stripes on disk of mesothorax, a spot on each side over wings and two rounded spots on base of scutellum, black ; scutellum coarsely trans¬ versely wrinkled, convex, apex with two prominent compressed rounded pro¬ cesses; metathorax coarsely reticulated; tegulse dull luteous; wings blackish fuscous, apical third subhyaline; legs bright coccineous, two anterior pairs paler, with tibiae and tarsi tinged with yellowish; posterior trochanters and row of numerous minute femoral teeth black ; tarsi yellow ; abdomen small, globose, smooth and polished, petiole as long as remainder of abdomen, slender, whitish. Length .27 inch.
Hab. — Mexico. (Prof. Sumicbrast.) One specimen.
31. Smicra flammeola, n. sp.
9 • — Fiery reddish-yellow ; head yellow, vertex and occiput tinged with reddish-yellow; antennae black, scape yellow beneath; prothorax strongly tinged with yellow ; mesothorax transversely rugulose, clothed with short erect black pubescence, the anterior, posterior and dorsal sutures and a slender blacK median stripe, sometimes abbreviated, black; scutellum with erect black pu¬ bescence, and a central dusky stripe, apex rounded, margined, ^ with a cen¬ tral black dot at tip ; mesothorax coarsely reticulated, tinged with yellowish : base sometimes narrowly black; pleura tinged with yellow and with two black oblique stripesaon each side, sometimes reduced to spots near base of four anter¬ ior coxse; tegulse pale yellowish; wings dusky hyaline, pale at tips, a slight dusky cloud beneath tip of humerus and a small blackish spot covering the cubitus ; four anterior legs lemon-yellow ; posterior legs fiery orange-yellow, smooth and polished ; the coxse more or less black within, and in £ a black dot on outer side near base, in 9 this is indicated merely by a dusky stain ; trochanters of % black; femora of 9 with a dusky stain on outer middle, the
AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.
49
teeth numerous, small and black; tarsi pale orange-yellow; abdomen lorig, fusiform, acuminate at tip in 9 > short, ovate in £; petiole short, stout. Length .26 — .36 inch.
Hub.— Mexico. (Prof. Sumichrast.) Five £ 9 specimens.
32. Sniicra intermedia.
Smiera intermedia , Cress. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 92.
Hab. — Cuba. (Coll. Dr. Cfundlach.) One specimen. Yellowish- ferruginous; abdomen scarlet; vertex, occiput, cheeks, antennae, te- gulae, four anterior legs, posterior coxae above and their tibiae and tar¬ si, black; wings fusco-hyaline. Length .25 inch.
33. Smiera ignea.
Smiera ignea, Cress. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 92.
Hab. — Texas; Cuba. Reddish-orange; flagellum, central stripe on mesothorax, a small spot on each side of it, as well as the anterior and posterior margins, a central spot on posterior coxae above and the ex¬ treme tip of abdomen, black ; wings hyaline ; abdomen elongate, acu¬ minate and pointed ; petiole short, pale yellow. Length .25 inch.
34. Smiera mi rant da, n. sp.
£ . — Pale lemon-yellow ; head black, a short line on anterior orbits, cheeks, and mandibles yellow; antennae black, scape dull yellowish, compressed and carinate beneath near apex ; mesothorax transversely wrinkled, black, as well as scutellum except apex, which is bituberculate as in coccinata; tegulae pale luteous; wings blackish, apical third hyaline; extreme tips of posterior coxae, their trochanters, the numerous, minute femoral teeth, and tips of their tibiae black; abdomen black, smooth and polished, subglobose, yellowish at base; petiole long, slender, nearly as long as posterior coxae, lemon-yellow. Length .30 inch.
Hab. — Mexico. (Prof. Sumichrast.) One specimen. This beauti¬ ful species is shaped and sculptured precisely like coccinata, and may prove to be the £ of Lamyrus , Walker.
35. Smiera Esibule.
Smiera JEubule, Poey MS. — Cress! Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 93.
Hab. — Cuba. Four specimens. Luteous; vertex, antennae, spot on each side of prothorax, most of mesothorax, large triangular spot on scutellum, apical half of posterior coxae and spots on their femora, dull ferruginous; scutellum and metathorax each with two acute spines; posterior femora armed beneath with four large teeth, the basal one very stout; wings subhyaline; sometimes the prothorax above, the mesothorax and scutellum are entirely brownish and the posterior coxae rufous except extreme base. Length .35 inch. This species destroys the larvae of Callidryas Eubule.
36. Smiera dorsata. n. sp.
9 • — Bright lemon-yellow; space behind antennae, vertex, occiput, scape be¬ hind, flagellum, spot on disk of prothorax, mesothorax except broad lateral mar-
(7) FEBRUARY, 1872.
TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. IV.
50
E. T. CRESSON.
gin, large triangular spot at base of scutellum, metathorax except large mark beneath posterior wing, and a large irregular, crenulated depression on pleura, black ; thorax with dense coarse punctures, clothed with a rather long pale pubescence; wings hyaline; tips of posterior cox ae, their trochanters, three spots on outer side of their femora— one on middle of upper margin, one at tip and a larger one on middle of lower margin, extending to inner side— and base of their tibiae, black; femoral teeth four in number, the two middle ones long, acute, black, the others blunt and tipped with black; tips of tarsi dusky; abdo¬ men small, subcompressed, smooth and polished, stained with ferruginous at base, the segments above banded with black; petiole bright yellow, slender, more than half the length of posterior coxae. Length .25 inch.
Ilab. — Texas. (Belfrage.) This may prove to be only a variety of pulchra.
37. Smicra pulchra.
Smiera pulchra, Cress. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 94.
Hah. — Mexico ; Cuba. Five specimens. This species is lemon-yel¬ low ; antennae brown-ferruginous; spot on vertex, occiput, disk of pro¬ thorax, large mark on mesothorax enclosing three or four yellow spots, most of pleura and metathorax, tips of posterior coxae, three spots on their femora, base of their tibiae and bands on disk of abdomen, black; wings subhyaline; scutellum and metathorax each with two stout acute teeth ; posterior femora armed beneath with four large acute black teeth, the two middle ones the longest and directed backwards. A specimen from Mexico has a broad central black stripe on scutellum. Length .20 — .25 inch.
38. Smicra exoruata, n. sp.
— Lemon-yellow; back part of head, three more or less dilated stripes on mesothorax, a transverse band in front, another on posterior margin, a slender central stripe on scutellum, generally ending in a broad triangular mark at apex, and an oblique line on pleura, black; antennae blackish above, fulvous be¬ neath, scape yellow ; scutellum bilobate behind ; wings hyaline; tips of poster¬ ior coxae, their trochanters, a short stripe on upper edge of their femora, a spot at tips, a round spot on lower edge between middle and apex, the four long acute oblique teeth, three spots on inner side, and extreme base and apex of their tibiae, black ; their femora more elongate than usual, not so much swollen; abdomen banded with black above; petiole short, yellow. Length .22 — .25 inch.
Hab. — Mexico. (Prof. Sumichrast.) Four specimens.
39. Smicra compact il is. n. sp.
9- — Dullluteous; depressed space behind antennae, back of head, a large mark on disk of mesothorax, a narrow longitudinal mark on each side, none of which extend to posterior margin, a broad, transverse mark on disk of scutellum
and most of the pleura, black; antennae - - ; thorax broad, densely coarsely
punctured; scutellum large, bituberculate behind; wings dusky, especially along costa ; legs entirely luteous, posterior femora large, much swollen, armed beneath with four large teeth tipped with black; abdomen pale yellow at base
AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.
51
and apex, varied with dusky on dorsal middle; petiole short, stout. Length .30 inch.
Bab. — Mexico. (Prof. Sumichrast.) One specimen.
40. Smicr a montezuma, n. sp.
£ . — Lemon-yellow; spot on middle of front, a band on back of head, anten¬ nae, except scape beneath, spot on anterior middle of prothorax, a large mark on anterior middle of mesothorax enclosing a yellow spot, a stripe on each side connected behind by a narrow sutural line, a dot on basal middle of scutellum and a sutural line on pleura, black; scutellum rounded and margined at apex ; metathorax with a prominent subacute lateral spine; wings blackish, apical third subhyaline; extreme tips of posterior coxse, a broad line above not reach¬ ing base, their trochanters, a spot on tips of their femora, a spot near lower edge between base and apex, the minute teeth and extreme base of their tibiae, black ; abdomen pale fulvous, with base and band at base of second segment yellow ; petiole short, stout. Length 30 inch.
Bab. — Mexico. (Prof. Sumichrast.) Two specimens.
41. Smier a azteea, n. sp.
£ . — Luteous-yellow, head and thorax beneath lemon-yellow; the excavation behind antennae, dot on each posterior ocellus and back of head, black; flagel¬ lum ferruginous, scape yellow; a dot on anterior middle of prothorax, a spot or short line on each side above, sometimes wanting, four lines on mesothorax, the central two converging behind where they unite and reach the basal margin in one line, a central stripe on scutellum and sometimes the sutures of pleura, black; thorax densely punctured ; scutellum rounded and margined at apex; metathorax coarsely reticulated; wings yellow-hyaline, paler at tips; four an¬ terior legs entirely lemon-yellow ; posterior pair luteous, their coxse with two black stripes the upper one generally much broader and longer than the outer; posterior femora large, both sides with a stripe above and an oblique stripe to¬ wards base beneath, black, sometimes those on outside are pale brown and some¬ times nearly obsolete ; the teeth numerous, minute and black; posterior tibise brown at base; abdomen yellow, bands with fuscous or dull fulvous; petiole short, stout, with a lateral black spot on stripe. Length .30 — .40 inch.
Hah. — Mexico. (Prof. Sumichrast.) Five specimens.
42. Smicra conjiingens.
Smiera conjungens, Walker, Notes on Chalcidise, iii, p. 53, £ .
Bab. — Mexico. (Prof. Sumichrast.) Three £ specimens. This fine species is yellow, with head behind, space behind antennae, two dots including the two posterior ocelli, a band on prothorax in front, a short streak on each side, three stripes on mesothorax, the middle one very broad and dilated in front, all connected on hind border, a central stripe on scutellum, basal margin of metathorax, a dilated spot on apical middle, a short oblique line on each side within lateral swelling, and two oblique stripes on pleura, all black; scutellum rounded at apex and unarmed; wings yellow-hyaline, faintly dusky at tips; posterior coxae with a broad black stripe within and a very slender one on outer side, sometimes indistinct; posterior femora on inner side with two black stripes, the upper one emitting two black bands, one on middle
E. T. CRESSON.
angular, and the other at tip, outer side with lower edge and a short oblique streak below the middle, black, the teeth small, irregular, tipped with black ; posterior tibiae with a blackish streak behind, not reach¬ ing apex; abdomen with broad black bands, first segment with two large black spots at base; petiole about two-thirds the length of posterior coxae, black at tip. Length .35 inch. This is a near ally to azteca, but the posterior legs are differently marked.
43. Srnicra lenta, n. sp.
£ . — Head lemon-yellow, vertex tinged with fulvous, as well as back of head, the posterior margin of which is black; antennas fulvous, paler at tips, scape yellow beneath ; prothorax fulvous, varied with yellow, a black spot on each side beneath lateral angle; mesothorax brown, with four yellow lines, two on each side, approximate, and all connected with the yellow posterior margin; scutellum yellow, with a large rounded, central, reddish-brown spot, the apex produced, subbilobate, blackish ; metathorax coarsely reticulated, black, with a broad basal yellow band; pleura black, with two yellow spots beneath tegulse, which is yellow, pupilled with brown; wings yellow-hyaline, apex clear hyaline; legs lemon-yellow ; posterior coxae fulvous above, black within, with a short slender blackish line on outer side, distinct at base and gradually fading towards apex ; posterior femora lemon-yellow, with a broad median fulvous band, irregular in outline and dilated on upper edge, a black spot on extreme tips, inner side blackish, two spots near apex and lower margin yellow, the teeth numerous, small, black ; posterior tibiae yellow, varied with fulvous ; ab¬ domen pale yellow, varied with fulvous before apex ; petiole very short, stout, yellow. Length .22 inch.
Had. — Mexico. (Prof. Sumichrast.) One specimen.
44. Smicra marine.
Chalcis maria, Riley, Fourth Annual Report, Nox. Ins. Mo. p. 109, fig. 39. 9 .
Hob. — N. Y., D. C., Ky., La. Eighth 9 specimens examined. This pretty little species has been bred from the cocoons of Attacus Polyphe¬ mus and Promethea. It may be recognised by the following charac¬ ters : — Lemon-yellow ; head with an arcuate black mark behind anten¬ nae. connected with a short longitudinal line to lower ocellus and then to back of head which is margined with black ; antennae black or brown, scape yellow beneath ; a spot on anterior middle of prothorax, three stripes on mesothorax, connected before and behind by the sutural line, a spot on each side over tegulae, a central stripe on scutellum, basal and lateral margins of metathorax, a spot on apical middle and two oblique stripes on each side of pleura, all black ; mesothorax with the central black line depressed and transversely striated ; wings hyaline ; a broad stripe on outer side of posterior coxae, their extreme tips, their trochanters, the minutely dentate edge of their femora and six narrow bands on abdomen, black; petiole very short in 9 , longer in S , tipped with black; abdomen of 9 long, fusiform, acuminate at apex, of % short, ovate. Length .15 — .25 inch.
AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.
53
45. Smicra toltcca. n. sp.
9- — Pull luteous, slightly tinged with orange; excavation behind antennae, and posterior margin of head, black ; flagellum blackish, fulvous at tips, scape yellow; mesothorax tinged with pale fulvous, with a sutural line each side, a short bidentate band in front, an angular spot on disk (connected with the bi- dentate band by a pale fulvous line), sutural line at base, a transverse spot near apex of scutellum, and most of pleura, black ; apex of scutellum broadly, acute¬ ly margined, slightly emarginate at middle ; metathorax coarsely reticulate, with a short black line between it and the large lateral swelling ; wings yellow¬ ish-hyaline; legs luteous-yellow, posterior pair darker, their coxse with a dusky stripe within and a faint fulvous stain on outer side; posterior femora varied with fuscous within, the teeth numerous, small and black; their tibiae dusky at base; abdomen elongate, fusiform, acuminate at tip, tinged with fulvous, base of first segment, and band at base of second, yellowish; petiole short, yellowish. Length .30 inch.
Hab. — Mexico. (Prof. Sumichrast.) One specimen. In some specimens the mesothorax will doubtless be ornamented as in monte- zuma.
46. Smicra nigropicta.
Smiera nigropicta , Cress. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 95.
Hab. — Cuba. Ten % 9 specimens. Lemon-yellow; antennae, ante¬ rior and posterior margins of, and three longitudinal marks on meso¬ thorax, anterior suture of pleura, spot on scutellum, a transverse black mark at base of metatborax, large spot on posterior coxae, tips of their tibiae, and dorsal bands on the abdomen, black; wings hyaline ; femoral teeth numerous, small and black; scutellum unarmed. Length .20 — .30 inch.
47. Smicra mirabilis, n. sp.
%■ — Lemon-yellow; spot between ocelli, posterior margin of occiput, anten¬ nas above, spot on middle of prothorax, three stripes'on mesothorax — the central one confluent with a transverse band on anterior margin and also with a band di¬ lated laterally, before scutellum — an elongate cuneiform mark on disk of scutel¬ lum, a large elongate quadrate spoton middle of metathorax, a mark beneath an¬ terior coxae, spot on each side of pleura, and a large spot on posterior coxse above, all black; thorax with large dense punctures and with sparse, erect black pub¬ escence; wings hyaline; a spot on extreme tips of posterior femora covering also base of their tibiae, pale fuscous ; femoral teeth numerous and minute ; ab¬ domen small, not larger than posterior femora, subcompressed, honey-yellow, second and following segments each with a transverse dorsal black spot; peti¬ ole short, lemon-yellow. Length .22 inch.
Hab. — Georgia (Blake) ; Texas (Belfrage). Four % specimens. Closely allied to nigropicta , from which it may be distinguished by the black mark on metathorax being longitudinal instead of transverse, as iu that species.
54
E. T. CRESSON.
48. Smicra Gumllachii.
Smiera GundlacMi, Cress. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 93.
Hab. — Cuba. (Coll. Dr. Gundlach.) One specimen. This fine large species is luteous-yellow ; the antennae except scape, spot on ver¬ tex, apical half or two-thirds of posterior coxae and their tibiae except base, black; wings subhyaline, costa fuscous; scutellum immaculate, with an obtuse tubercle on the disk and two subacute flattened teeth on the carinate posterior margin ; femoral teeth numerous and small ; abdominal segments with their margins pale ferruginous, the third seg¬ ment having a large blackish spot above near tip ; petiole nearly as long as remainder of abdomen. Length .35 inch.
49. Smicra juxta, n. sp.
9 . — Head lemon-yellow ; excavation behind antennse and head behind, black; antennse fulvous, blackish above, yellow beneath ; prothorax lemon- yellow, with a spot on anterior middle, and one on each side, black ; mesothorax black, with two oblique stripes on disk and lateral margin rather broadly yel¬ low; scutellum lemon-yellow, with a large transverse black spot, connected to base by a slender black line, apex rounded, unarmed; metathorax with basal and lateral margin rather broadly black; sutures of pleura broadly black; te- gulse dusky; wings hyaline ; legs lemon-yellow ; tips of posterior coxae, their trochanters, a large spot on outer disk of their femora, continued beneath and within, and along inferior dentate margin to apex ending there in a spot on both sides, black;, femoral teeth numerous and minute; posterior tibiae black at extreme base; abdomen yellow, banded with black and fulvous, base of first segment with a longitudinal black stripe; petiole about half the length of pos¬ terior coxae, black. Length .23 inch.
Hab. — Mexico. (Prof. Sumichrast.) Two specimens.
50. Smicra pallens.
Smiera pallens, Cress. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 96.
Hab. — Cuba. Four specimens. Pale yellow ; flagellum, a central stripe and spot on each side of mesothorax (sometimes indistinct) as well as anterior and posterior margins, spot on scutellum, tip of meta¬ thorax and stain on tip of abdomen, black or dusky; legs immaculate; femoral teeth numerous, minute and dusky; wings hyaline ; scutellum unarmed. Length .10 — .12 inch.
51. Smicra delicata, n. sp.
J. — Pale yellow, more or less tinged with honey yellow; antennse pale fer¬ ruginous, flagellum fuscous above; thorax imperceptibly punctured, almost smooth ; wings hyaline ; a honey -yellow spot on extreme tips of posterior fe¬ mora, also covering base of their tibise; femoral teeth numerous, very minute, and black ; abdomen ovate, subcompressed at tip, pale coccineous, pale yellow¬ ish at base; petiole short, pale yellow. Length .15 inch.
Bob. — Texas, (Belfrage.) Two specimens. Allied to immaculata which, however, is more uniformly pale yellow except abdomen, with the petiole much longer and slender.
AMERTCAN HYMENOPTERA.
55
52. Smicra immaculata.
Smicra immaculata, Cress. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 97.
Hab. — Cuba. Two specimens. Entirely pale yellowish ; antennae slightly dusky at tips ; wings hyaline ; femoral teeth numerous, minute and dusky ; postorior tarsi blackish at tips ; abdomen tinged with ful¬ vous; petiole as long as the remainder of abdomen. Length .10 inch.
The following species have not been identified : —
Smicra nigrifex, Sulzer. Walk. Ent. Mag. ii, p. 22. — “ % 9- — Black; head with two spots between eyes; metathoracic seutellum bispinose at apex ; tegulae yellow ; legs black; four anterior femora yellow at tips; posterior fe¬ mora yellow, base above and apex black, armed with thirteen black teeth; four anterior tibiae fuscous; posterior tibiae yellow at tips ; their tarsi fulvous, with fuscous tips; wings dusky. Leugth 3 lines.”
Hab. — Europe. Said to occur also in North America, with charac¬
ters slightly modified.
Smicra side. Walker, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 2 ser. i, p. 145. — “ 9 -—Black ; spots on face and posterior orbits yellow ; antennae pieeous ; thorax with ferru¬ ginous spots; petiole tolerably long; abdomen fusiform, smooth, shining, apex attenuate and acuminate, with ferruginous and yellow bands, base ferruginous, apex black ; legs fulvous; coxae black; tips of tarsi fuscous ; four anterior fe¬ mora pieeous, tips fulvous; base of tibiae fuscous, tips yellow; posterior femora black, base and apex varied with fulvous and yellow; their tibiae with black bands ; wings fuscous. Length 4| mill.”
Hab. — Florida. This seems to approach delira.
Smicra pompiloides, Walker, Notes on Chalcidiae, iii, p. 53, 1871.— “ £ Black; antennae red beneath; petiole longitudinally furrowed, short; abdomen red, fusiform, as long as thorax; hind femora with a large fusiform yellow spot on outer side and on inner side a very broad yellow stripe, much narrowed towards the tips; a slender red stripe beneath along the minute black teeth ; wings cinereous, brown towards base. Length 3£ lines.”
Hab. — Mexico.
Smicra tenebrosa. Walker, Jour. Ent. i, p. 181.—“ £ Black; orbits yellow, broad on face and interrupted on each side of vertex; thorax with a yellow spot on each side in front and another on each side of seutellum, which is unarmed; petiole very short; legs yellow; hind coxae black, very long ; hind femora with many minute teeth, with an angular black band which traverses the disk on each side and is connected on the inner side with an apical black spot; hind tibiae black at base and tips; wings blackish, paler at base and along hind border. Length 2£ lines.”
Hab. — Orizaba, Mexico.
Smicra divisa, Walker, Jour. Entom. i, p. 178.— “ £ 9.— Black; head with a yellow spot on each side of the front; thorax with a yellow curved band in front; seutellum unarmed, with a yellow hind border; petiole yellow, long, slender, nearly as long as hind coxae in anterior tibiae of % yellow beneath; hind coxae very long; hind femora with one large and several small teeth, and
56
E. T. CRESSON.
with two yellow stripes on outer side in % , and one in 9 5 hind tibise with a yellow spot; wings cinereous, with a lurid tinge along costa. Length 3 — 3£ lines.”
Hab. — Orizaba, Mexico.
Smicra dimidiata. Siehel ( Conura ), Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 4 ser. v, p. 390. — “ 9 • Black, abdomen entirely yellow ; antennae blackish, yellowish beneath ; scu- tellurn emarginate at apex, bilobate; legs black, knees and tarsi yellow; pos¬ terior femora with five large teeth, and a large golden spot on outer middle; wings hyaline, dusky at base. Length 8 mill.”
Hab. — Orizaba, Mexico.
Smicra erytliriiia, Walker, Jour. Ent. i, p. 179. — “ 9 • — Red; head yel¬ lowish in front, with a black mark behind ; antennse black, scape red ; protho¬ rax with a black sutural line between it and mesothorax ; scutum of the latter with a black longitudinal line; scutellum unarmed; pectus mostly black; pe¬ tiole short ; abdominal segments with piceous bands on fore border ; hind coxae with black stripe on each side ; hind femora with black streak and lower black stripe on inner side, armed with many minute teeth ; wings cinereous. Length 3J lines.”
Hab. — Orizaba, Mexico. This seems allied to flammeola.
Smicra Fidius, Walker, Ann. Mag. Rat. Hist. 2 ser. v, p. 127. — “ 9- — Red, front and under side yellow ; antennae black, piceous beneath, scape yel¬ low, black at tip; sides of thorax marked with yellow; breast mostly black, a black line passes along the back of scutum of mesothorax ; metathorax black ; petiole short; abdomen black towards apex; fore and middle legs bright yel¬ low; hind coxae yellow, tinged with red above and each having a black spot on outside; hind thighs red, their tibiae yellow towards base which is black, hav¬ ing a black band across the middle and reddish at tips; hind tarsi yellow, tips piceous; wings hyaline. Length 2J lines.”
Hab. — West Indies.
Smicra Pratinas, Walker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 2 ser. v, p. 130.—“ %. — Bright red ; crown of head black, a spot of same color along lower edge of eye; fore chest with a large black spot on its back and a smaller one on each side ; a small black spot on each of the epimera of middle chest; petiole long; abdo¬ men smooth, shining, short; antennse black, red at base, joints 10 — 14 yellow; hips and thighs red, latter tinged with black; shanks black, with yellow tips, tarsi yellow; hind legs red, coxse black towards tip and that generally on up¬ per side; hind tibise dark red, black at base and towards tips; wings dark brown. Length 2 lines.”
Hab. — West Indies.
Smicra Ampyx, Walker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 2 ser. v, p. 129.—“ 9. _
Tawny; mouth yellow ; petiole as long as abdomen which is elliptical; fore and middle legs yellow; wings hyaline. Length 1£ line.”
Hab. — West Indies.
Smicra fulvcscens. Walker, Ent. Mag. ii, p. 25.—“ £ 9 .—Ferruginous, paler beneath; antennse fuscous, fulvous beneath; petiole slender, half the length of abdomen, shorter in 9; abdomen ferruginous, banded with fuscous above ; legs yellowish ; posterior femora with fourteen black teeth ; posterior
AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.
57
tibiae fuscous beneath; wings hyaline; % abdomen sometimes fuscous, banded with fulvous at base. Length 2£ lines.”
Hab. — St. Vincent’s Island, West Indies.
Smicra transitiva. Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 3 ser. i, p. 371. — “ 2 . — Luteous ; head black about the ocelli; thorax with a dilated black line; scutellum with two luteous spots and a hindward transverse luteous line; scu- tellum bidentate ; metathorax black; petiole tawny, nearly half the length of abdomen; abdomen black, acutely conical, tawny at base; hind coxae black towards tips; hind femora with three black spots, armed with four large black teeth; wings dark cinereous. Length 3 lines.”
Hab. — East Florida. This seems allied to pulchra, Cress., from
Cuba and Mexico.
Smicra abdominalis, Walker, Jour. Entom. i, p. 177.— .—Luteous ; head black behind; antennae black, tips and scape luteous; prothorax black along fore border; disks of scutum and parapsides black; scutellum unarmed, black along fore and hind border; paraptera and metathorax black; petiole long, black; abdomen piceous above, with a yellow middle band; hind coxae black above ; hind femora minutely dentate, with a black spot on each disk and with black tips ; wings brownish, cinereous towards tips. Length lines.
Hab. — Orizaba, Mexico. Seems closely allied to ambujua.
Smicra subpnnctata, Walker, Ent. Mag. ii, p. 25. — “ £ 9 . — Yellow ; head beneath with a black band; antennae fuscous, fulvous beneath ; meso- thoracie scutum black anteriorly, with a central black stripe; parapsides and paraptera spotted with black; the spots between scutum and scutellum connec¬ ted; scutellum with a black spot ; pectus with two black spots; metathoracic scutellum with a black band ; petiole half the length of abdomen; abdomen fulvous, with five dorsal black spots and apex black, first segment yellow; legs yellow ; posterior coxae with black spots ; posterior femora with base beneath and apex black, armed with fourteen black teeth; posterior tibise at base, apex and beneath fuscous; wings hyaline; % abdomen sometimes fulvous, banded with fuscous. Length 2J lines.”
Hab. — St. Vincent’s Island, West Indies.
Smicra maculata, Fabr. ( Chalcis ) Ent. Syst. ii, p. 198. Walk. Entomolo¬ gist, p. 217.
Hab. — “ Cayenne.” (Fabr); “ New York” (Walk.). According to Walker’s description, this is closely allied, if not identical, with bracata, Sanborn.
Smicra nigricornis, Fabr. ( Chalcis ) Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 243.
Hab. — North America. This seems also closely allied to bracata , the short, meagre description of Fabricius applying much better to this latter species, than does that of maculata.
Smicra punctata, Fabr. ( Chalcis ) Ent. Syst. ii, p. 196. Sichel (Conura) Ann. Soc. Fr. 4 ser. v, p. 392.—“ 9 .—Yellow ; antennae black, scape yellow ; three triangular spots on disk of mesothorax, large spot on apex of scutellum, and a transverse fascia on each side of pleura, black ; abdomen yellow with luscous spots; base and tips of posterior femora (which are 12-dentate), and a
(8)
TUANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. IV.
FEBRUARY, 1872.
58
E. T. CRESSON.
spot near inferior margin, base and tips of their tibise, and tips of tarsi, black ; wings hyaline, costa yellow; apex ofscutellum emarginate, subbilobate. Length 8 mill.”
Hab. — West Indies (Fabr.); Mexico (Sichel).
Sinicra Pylas, Walker, Entomologist, p. 337; List Chalcid. Brit. Mus. i, p. 3. — “ 9 • — Yellow ; head behind and between ocelli black ; antennae piceous, scape yellow ; mesothorax with a marginal abbreviated band in front, a narrow dorsal stripe and a broad lateral stripe abbreviated posteriorly, black; scutel- lum with basal margin and an obconical dorsal spot, black; paraptera with two black spots ; second segment of abdomen with an obsolete fuscous band ; legs yellow ; apex of tarsi fuscous ; posterior coxse spotted with black ; femora with three piceous spots, armed with black teeth; wings hyaline. Length 2} lines.”
Hab. — Mexico. Walker says this “ hardly differs form punctata
Suiicra avnoena. Say, ( Chalcis ) Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist, i, p. 270. — “Body yellow, slightly tinged with green; occiput and antennae, excepting basal joint beneath, black; thorax quadrilinear with black, the intermediate lines conflu¬ ent at middle and all united by a transverse line behind and by a slender trans¬ verse line at the suture of the first segment, on which the lines do not extend ; scutel with a longitudinal black line; metathorax, excepting at base, black; petiole black, about one-third as long as abdomen ; each segment of abdomen with a black band; pleura black, with about four yellow spots; posterior coxse at tip, maculated band, inferior edge and tip of their femora, and tip and base of their tibise, black; femora about the size of abdomen, with six or eight large prominent black spines, the superior one divided into three or four. Length less than one-fifth of an inch.”
Hab. — “Indiana. Obtained from the pupa of a Theda”
Sniicra Lamyrus, Walker, Entomologist, p. 337. — “ — Yellow; head black; antennse black, scape yellow; a subpentagonal black spot on disk of mesothorax; scutellum with two elevated teeth at apex ; petiole long and slen¬ der; abdomen yellow anteriorly, black posteriorly; posterior coxse very long, apex piceous, as well as their trochanters ; their femora with nine minute black teeth; their tibise piceous at apex; wings obscure fuscous, apex subhyaline. Length 3 lines.”
Hab. — Mexico. This seems closely allied to miranda, which has the whole of mesothorax and the scutellum except apical margin black and the lower and lateral margins of face yellow.
Smicra captiva, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 3 ser. i,p. 42. — “9 — Yel¬ low ; flagellum rufo-fuscous, tips of mandibles ferruginous ; a black vase shaped outline on disk of mesothorax, and a black line each side; transverse black line at base of scutellum, the latter with a pear shaped spot on middle and an angular spot at lateral margins; pectus black at base of coxse and an oblong black spot beneath wings ; wings hyaline ; apex of posterior coxse, a brown spot on femora above and two on their sides beneath; base and apex of tibise reddish- brown; margins of the abdominal segments narrowly bordered with reddish- brown; widening into spots at sides and on middle. Length 3 lines.”
Hab. — Panama.
AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.
59
Sinicra scutellaris, Sichel (Conura), Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 4 ser. v, p. 388, 1865. — “ 9- — Entirely yellow; apical half of antennae, femoral teeth and apical joint of posterior tarsi, black; mesothorax transversely striated; scutellum em- arginate at apex, subbilobate; posterior femora with eight acute teeth; wings yellowish-hyaline. Length 13 mill.”
Hab. — Orizaba, Mexico.
Genus CHAL.CIS, Fabr.
Posterior femora black, with a yellow stripe above and at base beneath ; abdo¬ men clothed with golden pubescence . pubescens.
Posterior femora black, with a white or yellow spot at tips ;
Tegulse black, with posterior margin narrowly white . comitator.
Tegulse entirely white or yellow . . . ovata.
Posterior femora yellow on outer side, with large black discal spot....robusta. Posterior femora yellow on outer side, with a black spot at tips be¬ neath . tegularis.
Posterior femora ferruginous, with a yellowish spot at tips :
Four anterior legs yellow-ferruginous, with yellow spots ; posterior eoxse
black . coloradensis.
Four anterior legs black, varied with yellow; posterior coxae red.. pedalis.
1. Chalcis pubescens.
Chalcis pubescens, Walker, Notes on Chaleidae, iii, p. 47.
Hah. — Mexico. (Prof. Sumichrast.) One 9 specimen.
2. Chalcis comitator.
Chalcis comitator, Walk. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 3 ser. i, p. 350, % .
Hab. — Mexico. (Prof. Sumichrast.) One 9 specimen.
3. Chalcis ovata.
Chalcis ovata, Say, Long’s Second Exped. ii, p. 326, (1824). =annulipes, Walk. Ent. Mag. ii, p. 29, % 9 > (1835 ).—incerta, Cress. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 101, (1865).=? minuta, Linn. Syst. Nat. 952 ; Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii. p. 195.=? Leucospis Integra, Hald. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. ii, p. 53.
Hab. — United States; Mexico; West Indies. Forty-five £ 9 spe¬ cimens examined. Size variable (.1 4 — .28 inch) ; the pubescence varies from whitish to bright golden, sometimes tolerably dense, sometimes scarcely perceptible; apex of scutellum generally rounded, sometimes bituberculate, occasionally more or less emarginate; tegulae white or yellow; wings generally hyaline, sometimes slightly dusky; legs vari¬ able in color, the four anterior femora sometimes black, with tips only white or yellow, sometimes white or yellow with base only black; their tibiae sometimes entirely white or yellow, but generally more or less black behind; spot at tips of posterior femora tolerably constant in size, but varies in color from white to ydlow ; their tibiae sometimes en¬ tirely white or yellow behind, generally with a median black band, which is occasionally narrow and interrupted, sometimes very broad, leaving only a white or yellow spot near base and at apex; their tarsi
GO
E. T. CRESSON.
white or yellow, with the last or two last joints black ; abdomen more or less pubescent at apex with silvery white or golden hairs.
4. Chalcis robnsta.
Chalcis robusta, Cress. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 101.
Hab. — Cuba. Four specimens.
0. Chalcis tcgularis. n. sp.
9.— Black, sides of face with dense silvery pubescence; labrum and base of scape beneath yellow; apex of flagellum ferruginous; thorax immaculate, large, with regular, dilated punctures; scutellum produced, apex bidentate and fringed with whitish pubescence; metathorax coarsely reticulated; tegulae pale hyaline; legs lemon-yellow, posterior coxse above, apical half of their fe¬ mora within, a spot on outside beneath near apex, as well as the row of minute teeth, black; posterior tibiae black, with a pale yellow stripe behind; posterior tarsi dull ferruginous; abdomen short, ovate, smooth and shining, immaculate, sides and apex with pale pubescence. Length .20 inch.
Hab. — Texas. (Belfrage.) One specimen. Distinguished at once from ovata and robusta by the posterior femora being entirely yellow on outer side, except black spot at extreme tips.
6. Chalcis coloradensis, n. sp.
% . — Black, densely punctured, clothed with a short golden sericeous pubes¬ cence ; scape pale beneath ; thorax with regular, dilated punctures; apex of scu¬ tellum emarginate ; tegulse yellowish-white ; wings hyaline, iridescent ; legs fer¬ ruginous, cox£e black, four anterior knees, tips of their tibiae, their tarsi, spot at tip of posterior femora, a band near base of their tibiae and another at tips, pale yellow; femoral teeth small, numerous and black ; abdomen short ovate, smooth and polished, apical segments clothed with pale golden pubescence. Length .20 inch.
Hab. — Colorado. One specimen.
7. Chalcis pcdalis, n. sp.
9. — Head and thorax black, with pale sericeous pubescence; thorax with large, regular, dilated punctures, apex of scutellum subdentate; tegulse white; wings hyaline ; four anterior legs black, apex of their femora, their tibiee at base, apex and within, and their tarsi except apical joints, whitish ; posterior legs fer¬ ruginous, spot at tip of femora above and a spot at base and apex of their tibiae behind, white; abdomen as long as head and thorax, black, immaculate, polished, apex pubescent. Length .23 inch.
Hab. — Texas. (Belfrage.) One specimen. Closely allied to colo- radeiisis, which has differently colored legs.
The following species have not been identified : —
Clialcis pendator, Walk. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 3 ser. i, p. 351, % . Hab. — San Domingo.
Chalcis restitnta. Walk. Trans® Ent. Soc. Lond. 3 ser. i, p. 351, 9 • Hab. — Jamaica.
Chalcis compacta. Walk. Jour. Ent. i, p. 183, ^ .
Hab. — Orizaba, Mexico.
AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
61
Descriptions of new species of DIURIiAL LEPIDOPTERA found within the United States.
BY WM. H. EDWARDS.
1. COLIAS ASTR^A.
2. Anthocaris Julia.
3. Neophasia Menapia, 9 •
4. Argynnis Bremnerii.
5. Argynnis inornata.
6. Argynnis Eurynome.
7. Argynnis Meadii.
8. GrRAPTA HylAS.
9. Satyrus Charon.
| 10. Erebia Meadii.
Uolias Astrsea, a. sp.
Male. — Expands 2 inches. Upper side pale ochraceous, very little tinted with orange on disks of secondaries from cell to marginal bor¬ der and from base to hind margin of secondaries below cell, this color being not decided but only a tint ; border of primaries pale black, of medium width, erose within, very little advanced on costa and send¬ ing out a short and attenuated spur on inner margin ; border of second¬ aries very narrow, erose within, and unusually long, extending from above upper sub costal nervule to below lower median ; discal spot of primaries a short black streak ; on secondaries wanting.
Under side of primaries yellow nearly as above, without orange ; of secondaries yellow densely covered with black scales so as to obscure the whole surface ; discal spot of primaries very narrow, black, enclos¬ ing a few yellow scales, of secondaries white, as in Alexandra , without a ring; no spot on costal margin ; a scarcely perceptible pink tint at base; legs yellow, the tibia and tarsi faint pink; palpi yellow tipped with pink. (Antennae wanting in the specimen described.)
From a single male taken near the Yellowstone Lake by the Hayden Expedition, in 1871. On the under side this species is nearest Alexan¬ dra; on the upper of a different shade of color from any of our species. Anthocaris Julia, n. sp.
Male. — Expands 1.3 inch. Upper side pure white, black at base; primaries have a bright orange apical patch, edged outwardly by a sharply serrated black band which is broadest at apex and narrow as it descends the margin, but is not broken into distinct spots as in the allied species /Start* and Reakirtu ; on the arc a sinuous black bar nearly pro¬ tracted to costal edge, and at its upper extremity expanded in direction of base to double its width elsewhere; from the lower third of hind margin proceeds a stripe of scattered black scales which borders the orange patch,
62
WM. H. EDWARDS.
sometimes terminating a little below the lower outer corner of the dis- cal bar but usualy curving around the bar and separated from it, and even reaching the sub-costal nervule, but in no case forming a continuous stripe with the bar as is often seen in the two allied species ; costal edge specked with black ; secondaries usually immaculate but occa¬ sionally showing small marginal black spots on the nervules; fringes of both wings white, black at tips of the nervules. Under side white, the apex and apical portion of the hind margin yellpw, between which color and the orange spot is a pinkish space, all much obscured by greenish brown scales ; the orange spot reduced and paler ; costal margin pinkish, thinly covered with small brown spots ; on the arc a bent bar nearly bisected; secondaries have the nervures for one-third the distance from base orange, beyond to margin yellow ; the surface thickly covered with irregular patches of greenish brown on which are sprinkled yellow scales.
Body grey-black above, beneath, thorax white, abdomen yellowish ; the outer portion of the orbits of the eye orange; legs whitish, the fe¬ mora orange ; palpi furnished with intermingled white and black hairs; antennae orange at base, grey-brown above, grey below; club black tipped with yellow.
Female. — Expands 1.1 inches. Upper side bright lemon-yellow; the orange spot as large as in male, paler, replaced by yellow next the apical border; sometimes, however, this yellow space is divided into spots edged by black scales, imitating the usual markings of Sara ; the discal bar as in male but limited by subcostal nervure ; fringes yel¬ low, black at tips of nervules ; under side yellow, marked as in the male.
From 22 specimens, 10 % , 12 $ , taken by Mr. Mead, on the 9th 10th and 12th of June, 1871, in the pine woods of the mountains im¬ mediately surrounding the South Park, at Fairplay, Colorado. The species was not seen elsewhere. It was swift of flight and easily alarmed when it became very difficult to capture. In this respect and in its limited locality it offered a strong contrast to A. Ausonoides , which was found in all situations throughout the Territory.
This species may be readily distinguished from Sara by its size and by the far greater degree of mottled surface on secondaries ; also by the sinuosity of the discal bar and the curvature and arrangement of the stripe from margin ; the black border is proportionately narrower at apex, is continued down the margin without interruption and is very sharply serrated throughout. Nearly the same differences are found between Julia and Reakirtii , though some individuals of this last species have the secondaries as densely mottled as in Julia and similarly. In
AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
63
some respects Julia is intermediate between the other two, but is more constant to its type than either. The female appears to be always yel¬ low, whereas in Sara one half are yellow and in Reakirtii none. Be¬ sides this species and Ausonoides, Mr. Mead brought home Creusa of Doubleday, a few specimens of which were taken in company with Ausonoides. No other species of Anthocaris was seen.
Xeoplmsia Ilcnapia. Felder; Edw. But. of N. A.
Female. — Expands 2 inch. Upper side sordid white ; primaries bor¬ dered on costa and at apex and on hind margin with fuscous as in male, enclosing in same manner white spots, at least five in number ; seconda¬ ries differ from male in that the hind margin is bordered by a broad fus¬ cous band, within which, next margin, are five large, rounded, soiled- white spots; each of these spots meets the margin which at that point is edged with orange. Under side of primaries nearly as above, ex¬ cept that the curved extremity of the costal band of upper side is separated and becomes a distinct spot on the lower part of the arc. Secondaries have the nervures all broadly bordered by fuscous, and crossed by a sub-marginal fuscous band corresponding to the anterior portion of the band above; the margin edged by orange spots in the interspaces; and the edge of both costal and abdominal margin more or less washed with same color; shoulder also orange.
Until quite lately the female of Menapia has been unknown or sup¬ posed to be similar to male. In the “ Butterflies of North America,” I have figured such a female erroneously. The true female has been brought from San Juan by Dr. Bremner and will be seen to differ widely from the male.
Argyunis Bremnerii, n. sp.
Primaries long, narrow, produced apically ; hind margin convex or nearly straight.
Male. — Expands 2 to 2.4 inches. Upper side yellow-fulvous, dark brown at base and nearly up to mesial band; hind margins bordered by two fine parallel black lines, the intervening fulvous space divided by the black nervules ; resting on these lines are pale fulvous, double-con¬ vex spots, rather sub-ovate next apex of primaries, and each preceded by a black spot which at apex of primaries and on whole of seconda¬ ries are lunate, but on posterior half of primaries serrate ; the rounded spots small; the mesial zigzag band very heavy on both wings aud confluent; the marks in cell of primaries as in Monticola, the first of the three sinuous bars being usually confluent at its lower extremity with the second; in the sub-median interspace a sagittate spot ; sec-
64
WM. H. EDWARDS.
ondaries have on the arc a heavy black spot like the letter C inverted, connected with the mesial band by a black bar that crosses the lower sub-costal interspace ; fringes yellowish, black at tips of nervules.
Under side of primaries red-fulvous next base and over inner margin ferruginous along the nervules, pale buff apically ; spots as above ; the ferruginous sub-apical patch encloses two or three imperfectly silvered spots; the marginal spot also imperfectly silvered; the black lunules replaced by ferruginous. Secondaries ferruginous from base to out¬ side the second row of spots ; space between this and first rows pale buff, somewhat irrorated posteriorly with ferruginous ; the seven mar¬ ginal silver spots narrow, sub-triangular, edged above with ferruginous; the seven of second row are each narrowly edged with black, the first three nearly equal, the fourth minute, the fifth large, sub-rotund, the sixth sub-rectangular, the seventh lunate; in the third row, each edged with black, the first and third nearly equal, lunate, the second sub- pyriform, cut by the ferruginous arc ; in cell a small round spot, and three spots at origin of nervures ; shoulder well silvered ; abdominal margin slightly.
Body black covered with fulvous hairs, beneath grey-fulvous ; legs buff ; palpi buff, fulvous in front, fuscous at tip ; antennae fuscous above, fulvous below ; club black, fulvous at tip.
Female. — Expands 2.7 inches. Upper side similar to male, the marginal lines and lunate spots confluent, forming a broad, black band the enclosed fulvous spots much paler than the ground ; black mark¬ ings heavier than on male, and basal portions still more obscured.
Underside of primaries fiery-red, ochraceous at apex; the silver spots distinct, three sub-apical and six or seven marginal ; secondaries ferruginous at base and on disk mottled with ochraceous; the band clear ochraceous ; the silver spots shaped as in male, but larger and well silvered.
From 2 % , 1 9 ? taken on San Juan Island by Dr. Bremner of H. M. Ship Zealous, in 1871, and in the collection of Henry Edwards, Esq. of San Francisco.
This species is sufficiently unlike any of our Argynnides, and I hardly know which is its nearest ally. In heaviness of the black markings it resembles Monticola , in the beauty of the silvering Cybele , while in shape of the wings it is like Halcyone.
Argynnis Inoriiata. n. sp.
Primaries strongly arched, produced apically, straight on hind mar¬ gin in the male, slightly concave in the female.
Male. — Expands 2.5 inches. Upper side red fulvous much ob-
AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
65
scured from the mesial band to base so as to render the blackish mark¬ ings indistinct as compared with Hesperis , the nearest allied species ; margins bordered by two parallel lines that are confluent on primaries and on upper half of secondaries, forming a black band through which faintly appears a tint of fulvous in the interspaces ; on this band rests a connected series of black lunules enclosing pale fulvous spots; the other black markings as in Hesperis, but heavier ; on disks of second¬ aries paler spots corresponding to the second row on underside ; the black markings in cell of primaries next anterior to the spot on arc strongly bent so as to enclose a sub-quadrate space which is paler than the ground color ; fringes luteous, black at tips of all nervules. Under side of primaries cinnamon brown at base and up to the mesial black band and within the P like spot on the arc ; hut the sub-quadrate space and that portion in cell next posterior is buff; rest of wing buff, including the sub-marginal and sub-apical spots.
Secondaries reddish-brown from base to outside of second row of spots, the band between this and outer row buff and immaculate ; the marginal spots large, broad, sub-triangular, very slightly edged above by brown ; those of second row mostly large, broad-oval ; of the third row, the first on costa is nearly round, the second trapezoidal, the third a dash only; the spots of the second and third rows lightly edged above with black ; two round spots in black rings in cell, a long oval at base of sub-median and a dash at base of sub-costal ; all these buff, scarcely differing from parts of the ground color, and without silver.
Body covered with fulvous hairs, grey buff beneath, abdomen buff; legs buff, palpi same, fulvous in front and at tip ; antennae black above fulvous below ; club black, tip fulvous.
Female. — Expands 2.7 inches. Upper side paler, the general ap¬ pearance more that of an Euptoieta, the whole outer portion of the wings, including the sub-marginal spots and the discal spots of second¬ aries faded to a whitish ochraceous ; in cell of primaries the space within the P and that between the two black lines next base deep orange fulvous, rest of cell of same shade as the disk, the subquadrate space conspicuous; under side of primaries orange fulvous instead of cinnamon-brown ; secondaries next base pale brown mottled with buff, the spots shaped as in male but greatly enlarged ; on the submarginal spots of secondaries may be seen a few scales of silver.
From a pair belonging to the collection of James Behrens, Esq., of San Francisco, and taken at Downieville, California.
TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. IV. (9) MARCH, 1872.
66
WM. H. EDWARDS.
Argynnis Earynome, n. sp.
Primaries slightly arched, rounded apically ; hind margin convex.
Male. — Expands from 1.7 to 2 inches. Upper side uniform yellow fulvous, very little dusky at base ; hind margins of both wings edged by a common conspicuous black band formed by the usual parallel lines and the lunules anterior, all of which are confluent, the lunules enclosing fulvous spots ; the rounded spots next preceding small ; across the disk of each wing a delicate confluent zigzag band, before which, on primaries, are the usual cellular inscriptions ; at the base of lower median interspace a black mark and a sagittate spot below ; on cell of secondaries a spot like the letter C inverted ; fringes luteous, on primaries only cut with black at tips of nervules. Under side of pri¬ maries pale buff, the disk and a narrow space along the nervules pale ferruginous ; the three upper or sub-apical spots silvered as well as the five upper marginal spots.
Secondaries yellow buff throughout, but from base to second row of spots mottled with pale ferruginous and olivaceous, the latter, in fresh specimens often a decided green ; the band between the two outer rows of the spots broad, yellow-buff and immaculate, except that on the upper edge are olivaceous or green shadows projected from the silver spots ; the spots of the outer row are triangular, those of the second long oval, the 1st and 5th equal and the 2nd, 3rd and 6th narrower than the 1st but equally long, the 4th small, the 7th lunate, all deli¬ cately edged by black above ; in the third row are three large spots, the 1st and 3rd luuular,the 2nd subquadrate, all edged with black above in cell a round spot in black ring ; a long oval in the interspace below and a dash of silver at base of cell and also of subcostal interspace ; shoulder and abdominal margin well silvered.
Body above black covered with dark fulvous hairs ; beueath buff ; legs buff 5 palpi buff, fulvous above at tip ; antennae blapk annulated with greyish above, fulvous below ; club black tipped with bright ful¬ vous.
Female. — Expands 2 inchest Color paler, the sub-marginal spots whitish, the black marginal band broader and all the markings heavier.
This pretty species I have known for some years and had supposed it to be Astarte , Doubleday. But Mr. A. G. Butler, to whom I sent a specimen for comparison with the type of Astarte in the British Mu¬ seum Collection, writes me that it is not that species, which, he adds, resembles rather a Melitaea in the character of its markings on the un¬ der side. Mr. Mead found the species common throughout Colorado, fly¬ ing among the grasses and along the streams, frequently alighting and
AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
67
easily taken. Fresh specimens are beautifully ornamented on the un¬ der surface, the silver being conspicuous and tbe yellow and green bright. Among a large number taken by Mr. Mead, one male was without silver, the spots being clear yellow.
Argyimis Meatlii, n. sp.
Primaries slightly arched, but little produced, straight on hind margin.
Male. — Expands 2.2 inches. Upper side bright fulvous, very little obscured at base; hind margins bordered by two fine parallel lines en¬ closing throughout a narrow fulvous space, divided by the black ner- vules; upon these lines rest a confluent series of black spots, those next apices and next anal angle lunate, the remainder, on primaries, nearly serrate and those on middle of secondaries sharply serrate, all enclosing fulvous spots; the rounded spots next preceding moderately large; the mesial zigzag band common, narrow and uniform ; in cell of pri¬ maries the usual inscriptions ; at origin of lower branch of median a black mark, and below, in next interspace, a sagittate spot; discal spot on secondaries shaped like the letter C inverted ; the second row of silver spots of under side are indicated above by a slightly paler space; fringes of primaries almost wholly black, there being merely a little luteous against the middle of each interspace; of secondaries wholly luteous, except a little black at tips of the posterior nervules. Under side of primaries pale cinnamon brown at base and along the nervures of disk, remainder light buff, except that the hind margin and apical portion are of a delicate yellow-green ; the five upper marginal spots are well silvered and sub-apieally are three others, the middle one be¬ ing conspicuous.
Secondaries wholly golden-green, a sub color of buff showing along the middle of the band between the outer rows of spots; all the spots well silvered ; of the seven marginal, the one next anal angle is sub- lunate, the next three are broad and sharply serrate, the two follow¬ ing less serrate and the last at outer angle sub-ovate ; all these com¬ pletely edged with black ; the second row consists of seven, mostly long oval, the 1st, 2nd and 6th from costa of equal breadth, the 3rd nar¬ rower, the 5th very broad, the 4th a point, the 7th irregular, all heavily edged above with black, and slightly elsewhere ; the third row of four, the 1st sub-rotund, the 2nd trapezoidal, the 3rd and 4th rather dashes of silver, all edged above only with black ; in the cell two rounded spots in black circles, a long oval in sub-median interspace and a dash at base of sub-costal; shoulder and abdominal margin lightly silvered.
Body above covered with fulvous hairs, beneath, thorax grey buff,
68
WM. H. EDWARDS.
abdomen buff ; legs fulvous ; palpi white furnished in front with long fulvous hairs that are black at tips; antennae fuscous above, fulvous below, greyish next club ; club black, tip fulvous.
Female. — Same size. Color pale, the submarginal spots still paler than the ground, rather a sordid white, as are also the spots across disk of secondaries; the marginal lines confluent and the lunules heavy, especially on secondaries; otherwise like male ; under side like male, the lighter portions of fringes nearly white.
This lovely species was first brought to notice by Mr. Mead, who took a single male in perfect condition at Turkey Creek Junction, in Colorado in 1871. Subsequently a female was brought in by the Hayden Yellowstone Expedition, taken the same season.
Grapta Iljlas. n. sp.
Male. — Expands 1-7 inch. Upper side dull red fulvous, fading to¬ wards margins ; hind margin of primaries broadly bordered with dark brown, on the anterior edge of which is a series of yellow den¬ tations ; on costa a ferruginous sub-apical patch and another on in¬ ner margin near angle ; spots as in Fannus ; secondaries have a dif¬ fuse fuscous border extending over one-third the wing, fading gradu¬ ally into fulvous on disk, and enclosing a sub-marginal series of small yellow spots; a large black spot on costa and a small one on arc, the two being often joined and sometimes confluent ; abdominal margin much obscured by brown ; edges of hind margins covered with yellow scales ; fringes white in the emarginations, fuscous at tips of nervules.
Under side marbled in shades of grey, tinted with brown near base and throughout streaked with black or fuscous ; the basal space limited on disk by a band with outline as in Faunus ; in cell three spots dis¬ posed as in Faunus; the extra-basal space nearly uniformly grey, mottled with darker shades; the usual sub-apical patch on primaries scarcely lighter than the rest; across the disks a complete series of brown points which on primaries are mostly edged with grey-white scales, but on secondaries are nearly lost in the grey shade of the wing; incis¬ ion of primaries bordered by dark-brown or blackish lunations ; on sec¬ ondaries these are broken into separated serrated spots from apex to tail and often more or less wanting ; discal mark silvered, very slender, curved, open, not barbed but attenuated, especially the lower limb which equals the other in length.
Body fuscous above dark grey tinted with brown below ; legs and palpi grey; antennae dark above, fuscous below; club black, tip yellow.
AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
69
Female. — Expands 1.8 inch. Upper side paler, yellow-fulvous be¬ yond disk; yellow spots larger; under side iron-grey, suffused at base with brown; the markings nearly obsolete ; discal spot nearly obsolete; sometimes this is a narrow line bent at an obtuse angle.
From about 20 specimens taken in Colorado, in August 1871, by Mr. Mead. These were found in company with G. Zephyrus and Vannessa Antiopa. The species is near Faunus in many respects but differs decidedly in the coloration of under surface, and in the shape of the silver mark. The upper side also shows nothing of the in¬ tense fulvous of Faunus.
Satyrus Charon, n. sp.
Male.— Expands from 1.5 to 1.7 inch. Upper side dark brown ; hind margins bordered by two fine parallel lines, a little anterior to which is a third line, not distinct; primaries have a blackish band along posterior side of cell, as in S. Silvestris ; also two ocelli be¬ yond disk, the upper and larger always present, the other some¬ times wanting, or a mere point; these are black in faint yellowish rings, though the rings are sometimes obsolete ; fringes of seconda¬ ries brown, of primaries brown mixed with grey. Under side of primaries brown with a slight tint of yellow ; the marginal and sub¬ marginal lines distinct ; costa and apex greyish ; the basal portion streaked with brown ; the ocelli black in bright buff rings and with white central dots; secondaries brown mottled with grey, especially on outer limb and next base, and throughout much streaked with brown ; the inner of the two marginal lines diffuse and the sub-mar¬ ginal much scolloped towards outer angle